Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

本讲义聚焦语言借词现象，系统梳理借词相关重点词汇（如intervention, integrate, oppose及其派生词）、短语（come about, be integrated into等）和句型（如“the+比较级，the+比较级”、强调句型），通过词汇-短语-句型-语篇理解的学习支架，帮助学生从基础语言知识过渡到对借词产生、发展及文化影响的深入分析。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过语篇段落匹配、选择及判断练习提升信息筛选与逻辑分析能力，结合“oppose”“reject”等词汇辨析强化精准表达，借借词现象探讨语言与文化互动培养文化意识。课中辅助教师引导学生构建知识网络，课后助力学生通过词汇句型练习查漏补缺，提升语言运用能力。

Unit 2　Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment & Further study Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．intervention n．干涉，干预 2．pure adj.纯净的；纯粹的 3．linguist n．语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 4．canteen n．食堂，餐厅 5．fence n．栅栏，篱笆 6．contest n．比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt.争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议 7．integrate vt.使合并；使加入→integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的→integration n．结合；整合；一体化 8．oppose vt.反对，抵制→opposed adj.(sb)反对的；对立的→opposing adj.(观点、意见)相反的→opposite n．对立面；反义词 9．reject vt.拒绝接受；不予考虑→rejection [C]n.抛弃；拒绝 10．pessimistic adj.悲观的→pessimistically adv.悲观地→pessimism n．悲观；厌世主义→ optimistic adj.乐观的 11．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend v．趋向；照顾 12．sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的 13．slip vi.滑倒(过去式 slipped；现在分词slipping)；n.纸条→slippery adj.滑的；狡猾的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．come about 产生 2．tend to do sth 趋向于做某事，往往做某事 3．be integrated into 被融入到……中 4．in use 在使用中 5．be pessimistic about 对……悲观 6．be based on 基于 7．hesitate about doing sth 对做某事犹豫不决 8．for better or for worse不管是好是坏 9．make a complaint 抱怨 10．make an apology 道歉 11．in that case 既然那样 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Over time, the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones. 随着时间的推移，难以发音的音节被更熟悉的音节所取代。 2．The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。 3．While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages, there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. 虽然有些群体对语言之间的互借持悲观态度，但也有其他一些群体欣然欢迎外来词。 4．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 也正是通过那些外来词，新思想的传播以及不同的观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。 Ⅰ.Read and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1 　A．Some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. Para.2　 B．Borrowing words is complex and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. Para.3　 C．Borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. Para.4　 D．Other languages readily welcome borrowed words. Para.5　 E．Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact, especially when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue. Para.6　 F．The tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style. 答案　Paras.1～6　CEBADF Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. 1．Why is the first sentence showed? A．To show the sentence is indeed special. B．To show English is difficult to understand. C．To show that we had better not learn English. D．To show that English is a language with many borrowed words. 答案　D 2．Which of the following Chinese words isn't borrowed from English? A．tofu.　　　　　 B．tank. C．golf. D．bacon. 答案　A 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5? A．The French are expert at creating new words. B．Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die out. C．Borrowing words are completely forbidden in some language communities. D．In order to defend their identity，some language communities oppose borrowing words. 答案　D 4．What is the author's attitude towards borrowing words in English? A．Pessimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 答案　C 5．Which column in the newspaper can you find the passage? A．economy B．culture C．politics D．sports 答案　B Ⅲ.Master the key content of the text. Judge the following statement True(T)or False(F)． 1．Borrowing words only occurs in English.(F) 2．The borrowed word has only been used by bilingual speakers all the time.(F) 3．The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.(T) 4．There have been some formal academic restrictions on new borrowed words in English.(F) 5．Edward Sapir's word“It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language”shows that almost every language has an influence on others.(T) Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks using the proper words according to the text. As far as I am concerned，English is not alone in 1.borrowing (borrow) words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact.At first，the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers.It then spreads to people 2.who do not know the original language，and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak，almost unknowingly.Over time, the sounds that are difficult to pronounce 3.have been replaced (replace) with more familiar ones. 4．However，some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures.Some languages with 5.an extremely small number of speakers reject outside influences in order to survive.While some communities are pessimistic 6.about the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that 7.readily(ready)welcome borrowed words.Borrowing words allows the language 8.to continue(continue)to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language，spreading novel ideas and 9.exchanging(exchange)different beliefs more conveniently and quickly. As for the future，the more international and globalized the world becomes，the more language 10.characteristics(characteristic) will be shared between nations and cultures. [核心词汇·练透] come about 产生；发生 come across　(偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 come on 来吧；赶快；加油 come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是 come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提出 come up with 想出；提出 when it comes to... 当谈到……时 In order to prevent this case coming about again，we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water. 为了防止这种情况再次发生，我们应该提高节约和循环用水的意识。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①How did it come about that the man was dismissed? ②Several new books will have come out by the end of next month. ③We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power，more must be better. (2)句型转换 ④The designer says the idea came up after he watched people get wet on streets in Russia. →The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒 (1)oppose (2)opposed adj.　相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立 (3)opposite adj. 对立的，在……对面的prep. 在……的对面 The government advocates “clear your plate”campaign and opposes wasting food. 政府倡导“光盘行动”，反对浪费食物。 Others are opposed to setting up these courses which would bring about heavy burdens to students. 其他人反对开设这些课程，因为这会给学生带来沉重的负担。 [名师点津]　 (1)oppose后跟动名词作宾语，不可接不定式； (2)表示“支持”的词(组)有：favour，in favour of，be for，agree with，support；表示“反对”的词(组)有：disagree with，object to，disapprove of，be against。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①All people present are opposed to working (work) overtime on Sunday. ②We oppose using (use)this unusual technique to clone humans. ③She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction. (2)一句多译 ④这位反对这个项目的科学家提出了自己的想法。 a．The scientist who was opposed to the project came up with his own idea.(定语从句) b．The scientist opposed to the project came up with his own idea.(过去分词短语作定语) reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 (1)reject doing sth　拒绝做某事 reject...out of hand 坚决拒绝……；彻底否决…… reject one's suggestion/advice/demand/offer 拒绝某人的建议/要求/提议 (2)rejection n. 拒绝 If you rejected their offer of a job，you'd write back to explain the reason for rejection.如果你拒绝了他们的工作邀请，你应该回信解释拒绝的原因。 [联想发散]　表示“拒绝”含义的表达还有：refuse，decline，deny，turn down等。reject后只接名词或动名词作宾语，而refuse，decline后接动词不定式作宾语。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①We grow in change.If you reject changing (change)，you refuse to have new opportunities. ②How can you admit your mistakes if you are afraid of punishment and rejection (reject)? (2)完成句子 ③Unless we understand what he meant，we have no reason to either accept or reject his argument. 除非我们明白他的意思，否则我们没有理由接受或拒绝他的论点。 (1)have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 (2)tend v. 往往会；趋向；照料；照管；护理 tend to/towards sth 倾向于 tend to do 往往会做；倾向于做 tend to sb/sth 护理/照看某人/某物 There is a growing tendency among middle­school students that they will do some voluntary work during their vacation. 中学生越来越倾向于在假期里做一些志愿工作。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①There is a tendency (tend) for this disease to run in families. ②People tend to think (think)that the problem will never affect them. (2)完成句子 ③Young people have a tendency to conflict with their parents in opinions. 年轻人往往会和父母在观点上有冲突。 ④He tends to sacrifice his own interest for the group benefit. 为了集体利益，他倾向于牺牲自己的利益。 [重点句型·通关] Over time，the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.随着时间的推移，难以发音的音节被更熟悉的音节所取代。 [分析点拨]　that are difficult to pronounce为“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 使用此结构须具备两个前提条件： (1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系； (2)常用形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable, good，interesting，exciting等。 温馨提示：此结构中，不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Today's homework was easy to do，so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. 今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成它然后出去玩耍了。 ②Although the lady looks elegant，actually she is hard to get along with. 尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，实际上却很难相处。 ③Among the four seasons in a year，summer is my favorite.The morning air is so good to breathe. 在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨空气呼吸起来棒极了。 The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even Looks like the native language.借词使用的时间越长，听起来甚至看起来就会越像母语。 [分析点拨]　The longer...，the more...为“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构。 (1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”相当于主句； (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化； (3)“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Usually，the stranger (strange) the idea is，the more it gets noticed. ②Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under，the better your performance will be (be)． (2)完成句子 ③I firmly believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying，the more benefits we will get in our daily study and work. 我坚信，我们越是意识到这句名言的重要性，我们在日常学习和工作中所获得的益处就越多。 It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流才得以更加便捷。 [分析点拨]　本句为强调句型，强调的是介词短语through those words。 (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。多用于强调句子的主语、宾语和状语。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/was it＋被强调部分 ＋that/who十句子其他部分？ (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词(被强调部分)＋ is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ (4)not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分。 [即学活用] (1)完成句子 ①But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life. 但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。 ② Was it five years ago that we got together last time? 我们上次相聚是在五年前吗？ ③The patient looks much better. What is it that has made him what he is today? 那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？ ④It wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. 直到我完成了电影学习，我才开始追逐我的演艺事业。 (2)句式升级 ⑤People say，“Guilin's scenery is peerless in the world.” Not until I visited the place did I find it really worthy of the reputation. →People say，“Guilin's scenery is peerless in the world.” It was not until I visited the place that I found it really worthy of the reputation. (强调句型) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．All the signs point to a successful year ahead. 2．They were completely absorbed (absorb) in each other. 3．He thinks we are living in a fully integrated (integrate) society. 4．It is not a good idea to replace meals with snacks. 5．She gave the word it's French pronunciation (pronounce)． 6．The church is still in use today. 7．There is a new train line to enable (enable) easier access to the stadium. 8．I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job. 9．I felt very isolated (isolate) in my new job. 10．The government has agreed to lift restrictions (restrict) on press freedom. 11．There is a certain novelty (novel) value in this approach. 12．The smell is very familiar to me. 13．The firm says it unknowingly (know) published incorrect statistics. 14．The magazine is aimed specifically (specific) at working women. 15．There will be improvements in efficiency (efficient) at the factory. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning. 他们对胜利的可能性显得出奇地悲观。(pessimistic about) 2．He is not alone in finding her hard to work with. 并不只是他一人认为和她难以共事。(be alone in) 3．It comes as no surprise to learn that they broke their promises. 得知他们食言并不让人觉得意外。(come as no surprise) 4．He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners. 他根据俘虏提供的证据得出了自己的结论。(base...on...) 5．He will put off the picnic until next weekend, when everyone will be free. 他将把郊游推迟到下周末，那时大家都有空。(非限制性定语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $