Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇与定语从句语法，系统梳理基础单词（如somewhat, correspond）、拓展词汇（如preference词形转换链）及重点短语（如leave an impression on sb），并递进讲解定语从句中关系代词、关系副词及“介词+关系代词”的用法，构建从词汇积累到语法应用的学习支架。 资料通过词形转换训练（如embarrass→embarrassed→embarrassment）、语法对比表格（如which与as用法差异）及即学活用练习（如preference的句型转换），提升学生语言能力与思维品质，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，有效衔接词汇与语法学习。

Unit 2　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．somewhat adv.有点，有几分，稍微 2．correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信 3．kindergarten n．幼儿园 4．recite vt.吟诵；列举 5．accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出 6．handwriting n．手写，书写，笔迹，书法 7．cite v．提及，列举；引用，引述 拓展单词 8．preference n．偏爱→prefer v．更喜欢(过去式preferred；现在分词preferring) 9．embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassment n．尴尬 10．intention [C]n.意图；计划→intend v．打算；计划；想要 11．behave vt.表现得体；有礼貌→behaviour n．行为 12．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．宽容；容忍 13．fluent adj.流利的；熟练的→fluency n．熟练；流利→fluently adv.流利地 14．cooperate vi.合作→cooperation n．合作 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．leave an impression on sb 给某人留下印象 2．have a preference for 偏好，偏爱 3．get straight to the point 直击要点 4．vary from society to society 因社会而异 5．be aware of 意识到…… 6．correspond with与……相一致 7．make up 组成，构成 8．sign up for Chinese classes 报名参加汉语课 9．be keen for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 10．broaden one's mind开阔心胸，开阔眼界 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home. 我刚开始理解英国人的交流方式，就要回国了。 2．There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please？” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind？” 有时像“你介意把果酱递给我吗？”这样的问题会遇到 “我为什么介意？”这样的回答。 3．Learning Chinese is becoming so popular that the language has been included in the education systems of more than 75 countries. 学习汉语如此受欢迎，以至于汉语已经被纳入了超过75个国家的教育体系。 [核心词汇·练透] preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物；爱好；喜爱；优先(权) (1)have a preference for 　偏爱；喜爱 (2)prefer vt. 更喜欢 prefer (doing) sth 更喜欢(做)某事 prefer (sb) to do sth 宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer (doing) sth to(doing)sth 喜欢(做)……胜过喜欢(做)…… 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… As far as I'm concerned，I have a preference for the interesting stories behind it. 就我而言，我更喜欢它背后有趣的故事。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Preference(prefer)will be given to graduates of this university. ②I usually choose Chinese food in preference to Western food. ③Having been exposed to abstract art too often，he gradually developed a preference for it. (2)一句多译 ④我宁愿先获得一些工作经验而不愿直接上大学。 a．I prefer to get some work experience first rather than go straight on to university. b．I would rather get some work experience first than go straight on to university. c．I prefer getting some work experience first to going straight on to university. d．I would get some work experience first rather than go straight on to university. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 (1)be embarrassed at/about 对……感到为难/尴尬 embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的 (2)embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难 It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do sth 做某事使某人窘迫 (3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪 to one's embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是 It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know Chinese table manners.如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，可能会让你的朋友感到尴尬。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①One day，this approach threw me into embarrassment (embarrass)． ②The more embarrassing (embarrass) or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes. ③He was embarrassed at/about being the centre of attention. ④He told a rather rude joke，and everyone present looked embarrassed(embarrass)． (2)完成句子 ⑤It embarrassed me to meet the young man again, for I had misunderstood him. 再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会过他。 ⑥ Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everyone was staring at her. 令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。 intention n. 意图，计划 (1)have no intention of doing sth　没有做某事的打算；无意做某事 with the intention of 怀着……的意图 with good intention 好意地；好心 without intention 无意地；非故意地 by intention 故意 (2)intend vi.& vt. 打算；计划；想要 intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事 had intended to do sth＝intended to have done sth 本来打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 intend sth for... 为……准备某物 We come here with the intention of learning knowledge. 我们来这里是打算学习知识的。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Using emojis can add humor and feeling，keeping intention (intend) clear. ②I had no intention of becoming an artist when I was young. ③They intended a large sum of money for the development of the tourist industry. ④The activity is intended to expose (expose)students to a wide range of English reading materials. (2)句型转换 ⑤He apologizes for his comments and says he didn't intend offending the community. → He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of offending the community. ⑥They had intended to go into the country for the day，but were put off by the traffic jams. →They intended to have gone into the country for the day，but were put off by the traffic jams. correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信 (1)correspond with/to...与……一致/相符/相类似 correspond with sb 与某人通信 (2)in correspondence with... 与……通信；和……一致 hold/keep up correspondence with (sb) 与(某人)保持通信联系 We have too many high­sounding words，and too few actions that correspond to/with them. 我们夸夸其谈的话太多，与之对应的行动却太少。 What we say should be in correspondence to/with what we do.我们应该言行一致。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The reality does not always correspond with one's expectations. ②I want to figure out why his answer to the question is not in correspondence (correspond) with mine. (2)一句多译 ③据我所知，从那时起，他和欧洲重要的学者都有书信往来。 a．As far as I know，he has corresponded with leading European scholars since then. b．As far as I know，he has been in correspondence with leading European scholars since then. c．As far as I know，he has held/kept up correspondence with leading European scholars since then. ④她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一致。 a．What she has just said isn't in correspondence with the views of the majority. b．What she has just said doesn't correspond with/to the views of the majority. tolerate vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 (1)tolerate (doing) sth　容忍/容许(做)某事 (2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of... 对……宽容；容忍…… (3)tolerance n. 容忍 show tolerance towards sb 容忍某人 Friends have to learn to tolerate annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.朋友之间必须学会忍受对方恼人的小毛病，并允许意见出现分歧。 [联想发散]　表示“容忍、忍受”的单词或短语还有：bear，stand，put up with等。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①I couldn't tolerate being interrupted (interrupt) when I was editing my book. ②We must learn to be tolerant of different cultures especially when we live in a multi­cultural society. ③As a teacher，you need to show tolerance towards your students' carelessness in study. (2)完成句子 ④I can't tolerate/stand/bear/put up with being laughed at in public. 我不能容忍在公共场合被嘲笑。 定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。 一、关系代词的用法 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 (1)先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very(恰恰，正好)，the last，all，no，few，little，any等修饰时。 This is one of the most exciting football games thatI have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。 (4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” (1)单句语法填空 ①BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that/which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. ②The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759. ③In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. ④Dr.Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. ⑤They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. ⑥Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les. (2)完成句子 ⑦First，the place which/that we've decided to visit－the Forest Park is not far away from the city. 首先，我们决定去的地方——森林公园离市内并不远。 ⑧From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that/which helps us to seek the truth. 从这次的经历中我学到，质疑可以成为帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。 ⑨This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。 ⑩Those who survived the floods could hardly believe what had happened. 那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。 二、关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 语法功能 转换为“介词＋关系代词” when 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which where 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/ on which why 表示理由或原因的名词：reason 作原因状语 ＝for which 我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。 [名师点津]　当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. ②Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s，when he gave it to his grandson. ③Some university students carried out a campaign where they spent their whole day without cell phones. ④Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills. (2)完成句子 ⑤It's a really beautiful school in our city，where many flowers and trees have been planted. 它在我们市真的是一个美丽的学校，那里种植着许多花和树。 ⑥My hometown isn't the little village it was/isn't what it was ten years ago，when there were oldhouses everywhere. 我的家乡已不再是十年前的那个小村庄了，那时到处都是旧房子。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以被some，many，most，each等不定代词替换 介词(短词)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系 代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which和whose 介词＋关系副词 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to 最近，我买了一个古花瓶，它的价格很合理。 He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever. 他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。 We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs. 我们正在寻找这本书的主人。 Lily might possibly come，in which case I'll ask her. 莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。 There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station. 我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①Professor Smith，for whom work matters most，is devoted to his research work. ②Many lessons are now available online，from which students can choose for free. ③She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years. (2)完成句子 ④Reading has a lot of advantages，one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills. 读书有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。 ⑤The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their thirties have devoted themselves to us. 我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们的一切都奉献给了我们。 用适当的关系词填空 1．The boy who/that was in the office yesterday is my brother. 2．This is the factory that/which I visited last year. 3．The exact year that/which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 4．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 5．The man who/that/whom you shook hands with just now is our English teacher. 6．I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read the book and know my feelings for her. 7．I bought a great many books, which I spent all my money on. 8．He failed in the exam again, as was expected. 9．But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 10．My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Adams expressed her preference (prefer) for New York, despite the fact that she's lived in California for six years. 2．At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 3．His embarrassing questions made me feel greatly embarrassed.(embarrass) 4．We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 5．Jenny's father opposed her going (go)there alone. 6．Bouvier returned to Europe with the intention (intend)of gathering further support for his cause. 7．These programs can be integrated into/with your existing software. 8．It is strange how two scientists studying the same problem can come to completely opposite (oppose) conclusions. 9．Dr.Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 10．I do want to tell you quite simply and sincerely (sincere) how much I look forward to that. 11．The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 12．Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. 13．It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 14．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members. 15．The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．巴赫于1750年去世，但直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才完全得到认可。(not until强调句型) Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical talent was fully recognized. 2．老师试图让新来的那名学生融入这个班级。(integrate) The teacher tried to integrate the newcomer into the class. 3．众所周知，旅行和阅读都可以拓宽我们的视野。(broaden one's mind) As is known to all, travel and reading can both broaden our minds. 4．举办此次活动的目的是为对中国文化感兴趣的外国交换生提供一个交流的机会。(intention) We hold the activity with the intention of providing a chance for foreign exchange students who are interested in Chinese culture. 5．说实话，我忍受不了孩子们哭个不停。(tolerate) To tell the truth, I can't tolerate children crying constantly. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $