Unit 1 单元知识回扣-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

本高中英语讲义系统梳理25个核心单词、14组词形转换、7个重点短语及4种核心句型，构建从基础词汇到词汇拓展，再到固定搭配和语法结构的递进式学习支架，各环节均配有针对性训练题巩固应用。 该资料以“对应训练”为特色，通过单词填空、词形转换练习提升语言理解与表达能力，借助句型补全培养分析推断的思维品质。系统设计助力学生主动调适学习策略，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后便于学生回顾强化，弥补知识盲点。

Unit 1　单元知识回扣 1．diamond n. 钻石 2．worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．collar n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍 4．inch n. 英寸；少量，短距离 5．outline vt. 概述，略述n. 概述；轮廓线，略图 6．arrest n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕 7．wire vt. 给(某人)打电报；接通(电源)n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网 8．criminal n. 罪犯adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 9．ward n．病房 10．mineral n. 矿物，矿物质 11．superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 12．photographer n. 摄影师，拍照者 13．cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗vi. 作弊，舞弊 14．wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.&vi. (使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 15．likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且 16．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期 17．guidance n. 指导，导航 18．fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点 19．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点 20．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整，完好 21．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 22．garbage n. 垃圾；废话 23．saving n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金 24．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金，红利 25．sow vt.&vi.(sowed，sown) 播种，种 [对应训练] 选用本单元核心单词的适当形式填空 1．It is well­known that diamond is the hardest known mineral. 2．Is it worthwhile quarrelling with him over such a small matter? 3．In winter，I usually turn up my collar against the wind. 4．She is four inches shorter than her sister. 5．A wire is a long thin piece of metal that is used to fasten things or to carry electric current. 6．A ward is a separate room or area in a hospital for people with the same type of medical condition. 7．She became a photographer, travelling around the world with her camera in her hand. 8．It is a shame to cheat in the exam. 9．When do farmers usually sow the seeds? 10．Organic vegetables taste more delicious than those treated with chemical fertilizers. 11．We worked day and night so that I could meet the deadline. 12．Wrinkles are lines which form on someone's face as they grow old. 13．Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault? 14．I want to withdraw 500 RMB from my saving account. 1．barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才→bare adj. 祼体的，裸露的；(树木)光秃秃的，(土地)荒芜的；无遮盖的，没有保护的；空的；最基本的，最简单的 vt.揭开；脱掉(衣服) 2．appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt. 安排，确定(时间、地点)；任命，委派→appointed adj. 约定的，指定的 3．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi. 依赖，依靠→reliability n. 可靠性 4．bless vt. (表示惊奇)；祝福→blessing n. 幸事，幸运 5．suspect vt.&vi.疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspicious adj.怀疑的；猜疑的→suspicion n．怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑 6．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n. 无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n. 清白，无辜，无罪；天真，纯真 7．legal adj. 合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→illegally adv. 非法地 8．socialist adj. 社会主义的 n．社会主义者→social adj.社会的，社会上的；社交的，交际的→society n. 社会；学会；协会；社团 9．resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去→resigned adj.逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的→resignation n. 辞职；辞呈 10．guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n. 内疚，悔恨；犯罪，罪行；罪责，罪过 11．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n. 羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt.使羞愧；使丢脸 12．forgive vt.&vi. 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)→ forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕 13．disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt. 使人失望→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，让人失望的人或事 14．discouraged adj. 灰心的→discourage vt. 阻拦，阻止，劝阻；使灰心，使泄气，使丧失信心→discouraging adj.令人沮丧的→discouragement n. 泄气；使人泄气的人/事 [对应训练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．There was no way that she could persuade the judges of her innocence (innocent)． 2．It was a blessing (bless) that no one was killed or injured in the accident. 3．We are looking for an assistant who is both reliable (rely) and hard­working. 4．She made an appointment (appoint) for her son to see the doctor. 5．He earned so little money that he could barely (bare) support his family. 6．John had a guilty (guilt)look on his face because he didn't hand in his work on time. 7．I feel very disappointed (disappoint) that you are unable to support me on this project. 8．When you have done something wrong, admit it and ask for forgiveness (forgive)． 9．I felt very discouraged (discourage) when he threw cold water on my idea. 10．You should be ashamed (shame) of yourself for telling such lies. 11．Mr Morgan has offered his resignation (resign) and it has not been accepted yet. 12．They became suspicious (suspect)of his behaviour and contacted the police. 1．tear down 拆毁，拆除 2．make one's fortune 发财 3．lose contact 失去联系 4．arm in arm 臂挽着臂 5．under arrest 被逮捕 6．at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置，对……无能为力 7．weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 [对应训练] 选用重点短语并用其适当形式填空 1．The old houses were torn down last year and a park is being built there. 2．He left school early and went to a big city to make his fortune. 3．He was rather depressed after his unemployment and losing contact with his former colleagues. 4．The old couple walked away, arm in arm. 1．完全倒装句 In the doorway of a store stood a man (一个男人站在一家店门口)，with an unlit cigar in his mouth. 2．形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth结构 Twenty years is a long time，but not long enough to change (没有长到改变)the shape of a man's nose. 3．not...but...“不是……而是……” Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibilitynot (不是)as a weight that burdens you, but (而是)rather as a foundation which will support your future development. 4．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Sow the seeds of success today (今天播下成功的种子)and your harvest will be great tomorrow. [对应训练] 补全句子 1．On the door hung a big sign. 门上挂着一个大招牌。 2．The ice on the river is thick enough to walk on it. 河上的冰厚的足够能在上面行走。 3．It is not I but you who are to blame. 该受到责备的不是我而是你。 4．Using your head，you will have a good idea. 动动脑筋，你就会想出一个好办法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $