Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

本高中英语讲义围绕“责任”主题，系统梳理基础词汇（如privilege, mercy）、拓展词汇（如guidance→guide）、重点短语（如make a difference to）及核心句型（如not...but..., whatever/however引导从句），通过阅读匹配、选择及填空练习构建从输入到输出的学习支架。 资料融入中国谚语“玉不琢，不成器”渗透文化意识，通过阅读段落匹配、推理选择培养思维品质，核心词汇“即学活用”和句型转换练习提升语言能力。课中助力教师引导互动，课后便于学生自主回顾，弥补知识盲点。

Unit 1　Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment & Further study Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．privilege n．荣幸；特殊利益 vt.给予特权，特别优待 2．embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱 3．mercy n．仁慈，宽恕 4．likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且 5．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 7．integrity n．诚实正直；完整，完好 8．sow vt.& vi.(sowed, sown) 播种，种 9．harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt.& vi. 收割，捕猎 10．rejoice vi.非常高兴，深感欣喜 11．quote n．引语，原话 vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明 拓展单词 12．guidance n．指导；导航→guide n．向导；导游；指导者；指南v.指导；指引；解释 13．fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点→faulty adj.有过失的；不完美的；有缺点的→faultless adj.完美的，无缺点的 14．organic adj.有机的，统一的，绿色的；生物的→organism n．生物，有机组织，有机体系 15．discouraged adj.灰心的，泄气的→discourage v．使气馁；劝阻→discouragement n．气馁；劝阻；挫折； 16．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save v．救，挽救；避免；节省；储蓄→saver n．救助者，节俭的人→savings n．储金；积蓄；存款 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．in store for sb 即将发生在某人身上，等待着某人 2．meet deadlines for your schoolwork 按时完成作业 3．follow your teachers' guidance 听从老师的指导 4．go far beyond... 远远不止…… 5．set out to do sth 开始着手做某事 6．make a difference to... 对……有影响，起作用 7．contribute to 促成，有助于 8．weigh on sb 使某人焦虑不安，加重某人的思想负担 9．for the benefit of society at large 为了整个社会的利益 10．set aside our personal feelings and interests 不顾我们的个人情感和利益 11．pursue the interests of the majority 追求大多数人的利益 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you, but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. 但愿你们已经学会不去把责任当作困扰你们的一种负担，而是把它当作支撑你们未来发展的一个基础。 2．As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. 在日常生活中，你们会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。 3．Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be. 无论你打算做什么， 无论多么困难，都要竭尽全力。 4．So, dear students, take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities, so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you. 所以，亲爱的同学们，通过承担起自己的责任，迈出你们进入成人世界的第一步，这样，对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年期都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。 5．However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good­for­nothing if not carved.” 然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。” Ⅰ.Read and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　A．Responsibility is a foundation supporting your future development. Para.2 B．Call on the students to take their responsibility. Para.3 C．Greeting and opening of the speech. Para.4 D．Students must take responsibility in their learning and daily life. Para.5 E．It is time to fully accept your passage into adulthood. Para.6 F．Responsibility for your actions is important for the advance of society. 答案　Paras.1～6　CEADFB Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. 1．What is the author's purpose in giving the speech? A．To ask students finish their homework on time. B．To congratulate the students on their new school life. C．To encourage the students to take their responsibility. D．To present his personal thoughts about senior high school life. 答案　C 2．Why does the author mention“anchor”in Paragraph 3? A．To show the importance of direction in ship sailing. B．To stress the impact of waves and winds in ship sailing. C．To show that responsibility is a heavy burden in one's life. D．To show the importance of responsibility in one's behaviours. 答案　D 3．When a person gives his or her best in whatever he or she sets out to do，what kind of virtue does he or she possess? A．The virtue of courage. B．The virtue of determination. C．The virtue of honesty. D．The virtue of integrity. 答案　B 4．What does the story of boy who threw the starfish into the sea show? A．It shows the starfish deserves saving. B．It shows the importance of protecting the ocean. C．It shows anyone can make a difference to the world. D．It shows the boy is very brave and clever. 答案　C Ⅲ.Master the key content of the text. Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks using the proper words according to the text. Honoured guests，teachers and students，it is my pleasure and privilege 1.to welcome (welcome) you here today and present my thoughts on this very special occasion. Students，the time has arrived for you to 2.fully(full) accept your passage into adulthood.At school，you have gradually understood the 3.importance(important)of a well­developed sense of responsibility.Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you，4.but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. As students，you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.This 5.means(mean) meeting deadlines for your schoolwork，following your teachers' guidance and always 6.aiming (aim)for academic excellence.However，your responsibilities go far beyond your studies.Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life will help build a strong character. Apart 7.from personal development，assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society.The little things you do can make 8.a difference！Working together，we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society. Just as the Chinese saying goes，“Jade is good­for­nothing if not 9.carved(carve)．”Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest 10.will be (be) great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life! [核心词汇·练透] privilege n．荣幸；特殊利益 vt.给予特权，特别优待 (1)It is a privilege to do sth　有幸做某事 have the privilege to do/of doing sth 有做某事的特权 (2)be privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的 As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years，Chris says that it has been a privilege to be a witness to China's great progress.作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The young engineer felt very privileged (privilege) because he got a month off work on full pay. (2)完成句子 ②It is said that only members have the privilege to use it. 据说只有会员才有特权使用它。 ③All athletes feel privileged to take part in the Olympic Games. 能参加奥运会，所有的运动员都感到非常荣幸。 mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕 (1)beg/ask for mercy　乞求宽恕 对……怜悯或宽恕 (2)without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of... 任由……摆布或控制 (3)merciful 仁慈的 At the mercy of the strong wind，the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight. 在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ②He didn't finish his work in time and we had no mercy on him at all. ③They asked her to be merciful(mercy) to the little girl. (2)句型转换 ④It was lucky that she wasn't seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue arrived.(用mercy 改写) →It was a mercy that she wasn't seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue arrived. guidance n．指导；导航 under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb　在某人的指导下 if it had not been for one's guidance 要不是有某人的指导 If it had not been for your guidance，I wouldn't have won the prize. 要不是您的指导，我就不会获得这个奖。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Under your professional guidance/Under the professional guidance of you，we have had a better command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations. 在您的专业指导下，我们的英语水平比以前有所提高，并在最近的考试中取得了令人满意的成绩。 ②If it had not been for Mr Wang's guidance，we can't produce the stage play successfully. 如果不是王老师的指导，我们不可能成功制作这部舞台剧。 discouraged adj. 灰心的 (1)discourage sb from doing sth　阻止某人做某事 (2)discouragement n. 阻止；泄气；挫折 (3)be/get discouraged 变得灰心，泄气 (4)discouraging adj. 令人泄气的 Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. 不要因任何失败而气馁，因为你永远不知道你离胜利有多近。 [联想发散]　常见的“动词＋sb/sth＋from...”结构有：save sb/sth from...使某人/某物免于……；rescue sb/ sth from...拯救某人/某物以免……；ban/prohibit/forbid sb/sth from...禁止某人/某物做某事；prevent/stop/keep/discourage sb/sth from...阻止某人/某物做某事等。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged(discourage)and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. ②Instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging (discourage)，just accept it as a part of the journey. ③The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great discouragement (discourage)to him. ④Considering the difficulty of looking for a new job，I discouraged him from giving up the job. (2)完成句子 ⑤In my opinion，parents should discourage their children from spending too much time playing computer games.依我看来，家长应该阻止孩子花费太多的时间玩电脑游戏。 make a difference 有作用或影响；区别对待 (1)make a difference to对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference(to...) (对……)有些/没作用或影响 (2)tell the difference(between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……) Small efforts made by everyone can make a great difference to our society.每个人的微小努力都会对我们的社会起到巨大作用。 [即学活用] (1)句型转换 ①You can tell my twin brother and me apart by this mark on my face. →You can tell the difference between my twin brother and me by this mark on my face. (2)完成句子 ②Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish. 只有我们言行一致才能在我们希望完成的事情上有所贡献。 ③Those who are content with their present situations may make no difference in life. 那些满足于现状的人在生活中可能不会有大的作为。 　　　　 [重点句型·通关] Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you，but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.希望你们已学会了正确对待责任，不是把责任当作一种沉重的负担，而是作为一个将支撑自己未来发展的基础。 [分析点拨]　not...but...“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个并列的介词短语。 not...but...连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有： (1)not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构。 (2)neither...nor...　“既不……也不……” (3)either...or... “或者……或者……” [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely. ②Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes(take)great interest in the piano lessons now. (2)完成句子 ③I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born，but what you are doing and how you do it in your life. 我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。 ④Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses，but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions. 我们不仅上排球和篮球课，而且我们学校还举办各种各样的体育比赛。 Always give your best in whatever you set out to do，however difficult that might be.无论你打算做什么，无论多么困难，都要竭尽全力。 [分析点拨]　whatever为“疑问词＋ever”引导的宾语从句，however则是“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句。 (1)“疑问词＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”可以互换。 (2)“no matter＋疑问词”只引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。 [即学活用] (1)句型转换 ①Whatever the result is，we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best. (2)完成句子 ②Whatever decision he made，I would support it. 无论他作出什么决定，我都会支持的。 ③It takes three hours，whichever route you take. 无论你走哪一条路都需要三个小时。 ④Whenever/No matter when I'm in trouble，my friend will come to help me. 不管我什么时候陷入麻烦，我的朋友都会来帮助我。 So，dear students，take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities，so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you. 所以，亲爱的同学们，通过承担起自己的责任，迈出你们进入成人世界的第一步，这样，对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年期都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。 [分析点拨]　本句中so that引导目的状语从句。 (1)so that可引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为的是，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)。 (2)in order that也可引导目的状语从句，但so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。 (3)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或in order to/so as to句型。 (4)so that也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”。 [即学活用] (1)句型转换 ①They made a lot of lively programs so that they could attract more children. → They made a lot of lively programs so as to/in order to attract more children. (2)完成句子 ②Keep to the track so that you don't get lost! 沿着小路走，以免迷路！ ③He injured his foot so that he was unable to play in the match. 他的脚受伤了，因此无法参加比赛。 ④In order that she could catch the first bus，she got up very early. 为了能够赶上第一班公共汽车，她起得很早。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Surprises were also in store for me. 2．His research is for the betterment (better) of mankind. 3．The doctor said he should not lift heavy weights (weigh)． 4．He made one big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job. 5．Her confidence grew with the passage (pass) of time. 6．He is responsible for the entire project. 7．She had the pleasure (please) of seeing him look surprised. 8．I have met him on several occasions. 9．They are our honoured (honour) guests. 10．Hopefully (hope), we will arrive before dark. 11．The children were very courageous (courage)． 12．She got the job by virtue of her greater experience. 13．His parents tried their best to discourage him from being an actor. 14．Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault(faulty)? 15．Activities all take place under the guidance(guide) of an experienced tutor. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Students should involve themselves in community activities where/in which they can get experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。 2．Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that. 希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。 3．It was a great privilege but also a big responsibility because we were expected to win everything, to be champions. 这是一个很大的权力，同时，这也是巨大的责任。因为人们期待我们赢得所有的东西，我们必须是冠军。 4．The most cruel beast in the world is time, because time without mercy waits for no one. 世界上最残忍是时间；因为时间不等人，时间不留情。 5．I was disappointed at/by the result of the basketball game because we played so well yet still lost. 我很沮丧，因为尽管我们表现得很好，这场篮球赛还是输了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $