Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版)

本高中英语讲义聚焦重点词汇与状语从句两大核心知识点，系统梳理基础词汇（如burden, resign）、拓展词汇（如socialist→social→socialism）的词形变化、搭配及语境运用，同步整合时间、条件、让步等六大状语从句的分类讲解与对比辨析，构建“词汇奠基—语法巩固”的学习支架。 资料以“核心词汇练透+语法对点突破”为特色，词汇部分通过单句语法填空、句式升级等“即学活用”设计提升语言能力，语法部分借助when/while/as用法对比表格等直观形式培养思维品质。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后练习题助力学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Unit 1　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．burden n. (责任、义务等的)重担，负担 2．geophysicist n. 地球物理学家 3．resign vt.& vi. 辞职，辞去 4．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 5．superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量高的 6．guilty adj. 感到内疚、惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 7．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 8．forgive vt.& vi.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕，免除(债务) 9．cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊 10．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料 11．parcel n. 包裹，小包；一块地 vt.裹好，打包 12．bow n．蝴蝶结 vi.鞠躬 13．pause vi.停顿，暂停 n．停顿，停顿的时间 14．sew vi.& vt.(sewed, sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上 15．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 拓展单词 16．socialist adj.社会主义的 n. 社会主义者→social adj.社会的→socialism n．社会主义 17．mineral n．矿物，矿物质→mine n．矿→miner n．矿工 18．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photograph n．照片→photography n．摄影；摄影技术 19．guilty adj.感到内疚、惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guiltily adv.内疚地→guilt n．内疚 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．bear the heavy burden 担负重担 2．practise core socialist values 践行社会主义核心价值观 3．a white lie 善意的谎言 4．share the same tastes 趣味相投 5．take/assume responsibility 承担责任 6．devote oneself to doing致力于…… 7．make substantial contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献 8．be ashamed of/at...为……感到羞愧 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country. 黄大年在他的工作领域表现杰出，并对他的国家做出了巨大贡献。 2．His missions to map the world under the Earth's surface helped discover valuable mineral resources and brought China's knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world's finest. 他的绘制地表下面的世界的任务帮助发现了有价值的矿物资源，并使中国在这一领域的知识和技术位列世界前茅。 [核心词汇·练透] burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担 (1)a burden on/to...　是……的负担 bear/take on/carry/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担 (2)burden sb/oneself with sth 装载某物；使某人负担某物 be burdened with... 负重；为……所累 Only when we put down those unnecessary burden can we go all the way.只有放下那些无谓的负担，我们才能一路潇洒前行。 There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I'll take on/bear the burden. 尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①His invalid father is becoming a burden on/to him. ②Nowadays students are burdened (burden)with heavy homework. ③He took a part­time job in summer holiday to burden himself with his school fees. (2)句式升级 ④He was burdened with endless paperwork，so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语) →Burdened with endless paperwork，he didn't have time to accompany his family. resign vi.& vt. 辞职，辞去 resign one's post/position　　辞去职务 resign from... 从……辞职 resign as... 辞去作为……的职务 resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 resign...to... 把……委托给…… He resigned from this company in order to take a more challenging job. 他从这家公司辞职，目的是想找一份更具有挑战性的工作。 We should never resign ourselves to being defeated. 我们将永远不甘心于被打败。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Mary resigned her pet dog to her neighbour while travelling abroad. ②Lots of young people resigned from the company to go to small cities because of higher house price in big cities. (2)完成句子 ③In order to look after her sick mother，my friend decided to resign her position as manager. 为了照顾生病的母亲，我的朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。 ④The team refused to resign themselves to defeat/being defeated. 该队不甘失败。 ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (1)be/feel ashamed of　因……感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth 不好意思做某事 (2)shame n.羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事 vt.使羞愧(或惭愧) It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾 What a shame/pity! 真可惜！ to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是 In class，students should not be ashamed of asking/to ask the teacher questions. 在课堂上，学生们不应该耻于向老师问问题。 [联想发散]　“be＋adj.＋of”结构的短语：be afraid of害怕，be proud of对……感到自豪，be full of 充满，be free of 免于……，be short of 缺乏等。 [即学活用] (1)单句语法填空 ①We are often ashamed (shame) of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures. ②It's a shame that many students don't have self­discipline when they learn on the Internet. ③So ashamed (shame) was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face. (2)完成句子 ④People should feel ashamed of polluting their environment. 人们应该为污染环境而感到内疚。 ⑤I was once ashamed to admit my weakness，but now I have no such feeling and I save myself much discomfort. 我曾经羞于承认自己的弱点，但现在我没有这种感觉了，这让我免去了很多不适。 复习状语从句 一、时间状语从句 1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句 连词 含义 用法 when 当……时候 可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 while 当……时候 只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比 as 一边……一边……，随着 常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 (1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly等，另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 (2)在hardly/scarcely...when/before...和no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than，before或when所在的从句用一般过去时；当hardly，scarcely或no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 3．till，until和not...until/till的用法 until，till两者均表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。not...until...，not...till...两者均表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可用于句首，而till不可放在句首，till一般不用于强调句型。 4．before与since引导的时间状语从句 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还没来得及……就……；……才……；趁着…… It will (not) be ＋一段时间＋before“(没有) 过……(时间)就……” It was not/won't be long before...“不久就……” It was ＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……” since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时) every time 　每次 each time 每次 any time 任何时候 next time 下次 all the time (在某段时间内)一直 the first/last time 第一次/最后一次 the day/year... 那天/年…… [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary ( 传奇的 ) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river. ②Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. ③The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”． (2)完成句子 ④As the summer vacation is approaching，I will be free for almost three months. 随着暑假临近，我将有大约三个月的空闲时间。 ⑤Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us. 无论何时我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。 二、条件状语从句 1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有 if，unless，as/so long as，in case (万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing/suppose (that)，assuming that (假设)等。 2．only if和if only的区别 only if意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。if only意为“但愿；要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。 [对点练]　 (1)单句语法填空 ①Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support. ②If we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone. ③The sales of houses in our city fell by 40 percent last month，and it will be 48 percent if we don't count low­price houses provided for poor residents. ④Life doesn't count for much unless you're willing to do your small part to leave our children a better world. (2)完成句子 ⑤If you're interested in the Chinese folk art，please e­mail me. 如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。 ⑥As long as we have a strong will ，we'll be able to get over any difficulty. 只要我们有强大的信念，就能够克服任何困难。 三、让步状语从句 1．although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序，as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)although与though都可以与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。 3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋­ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 (2)whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。 4．whether...or(not)．..引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...表示“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 [对点练]　 (1)单句语法填空 ①Although/Though he could give her sympathy，any practical help was almost beyond him. ②A pair of red shoes—whether they are for sports，dances or just fashion—is a must­have for every Chinese woman's shoe collection. ③While/Though/Although the Internet has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive. (2)完成句子 ④ Though/Although(I am)buried in books these days，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself. 虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。 ⑤We still have a long way to go even if/though our project has been carried out smoothly so far. 即使目前为止我们的工程进行得很顺利，也仍然有很长的一段路要走。 ⑥However/No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other. 无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。 四、地点和原因状语从句 1．地点状语从句 地点状语从句可用where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。 [名师点津]　where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可替换成“介词＋which”；而状语从句前则无先行词。 2．原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有： because因为　as由于 since既然 now that既然 seeing that由于；鉴于 in that由于；因为 considering(that)考虑到；鉴于 (1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。 (2)since，now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。 (3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中(注意比较：for连接的是并列句)。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply because they are incapable (无能力的) of succeeding. ②Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her. ③The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. (2)完成句子 ④Now that you have got a job ，you should learn to be independent of your parents. 既然你已找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。 ⑤We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 五、目的和结果状语从句 1．目的状语从句 (1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/might/would＋动词原形”。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 [名师点津]　 当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。 (2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句 for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。 2．结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有： so that　以至于 so...that... 如此……以至于…… such...that... 如此……以至于…… so...that...与such...that...引导结果状语从句的结构形式为： [名师点津]　 (1)在so...that...和such...that...结构中，当“so＋ adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 (2)除结果状语从句外，too...to...，...enough to...，so...as to...，such...as to...等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。 [对点练]　 (1)单句语法填空 ①On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. ②Such an honest person is he that you can turn to him when you are in trouble. ③Well­educated employees can undertake most common jobs easily，so the efficiency of the society is guaranteed. ④We should protect our environment from being polluted so that our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life. (2)完成句子 ⑤It was such an exciting activity that we all enjoyed ourselves very much. 这是如此激动人心的一次活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。 ⑥I'll speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I said. 我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。 六、方式和比较状语从句 1．方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有： as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述句语气。 2．比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as...as，not as/so...as，比较级＋than引导。 [名师点津]　what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if/though he had done something very clever. (2)完成句子 ②Look at the clouds！It looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。 ③Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。 ④The old lady treats the boy as if/thought he were her own son. 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。 单句语法填空(用适当的连词填空) 1. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me until the bus arrived. 2．I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whenever/if necessary. 3. When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 4．On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 5．We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it's at home, or at school. 6．—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much. —Even though/ Though/ Although it is not your style, that doesn't mean it is bad. 7．Watch out for injuries while exercising.Stop as soon as you begin to feel any pain. 8．One of the earliest known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years after it was first invented. 9．The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance. 10．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．For several months after seed is sown/sowed(sow), nothing can be seen to show that there will be a harvest. 2．When they leave school, they will be equipped (equip) for obtaining office jobs. 3．“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes. 4．Education is seen as a means of human betterment (better)． 5．Hundreds of disappointed (disappoint) fans were unable to get tickets for the game. 6．She's the perfect candidate for the job. 7．Strange as/though it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 8．He can't bear being laughed (laugh) at. 9．Sherman was relieved for a moment, but then he felt cheated (cheat)． 10．Suppose/Supposing (suppose) that he does not come, shall we go without him? 11．He was found guilty of murder. 12．We have caused enough harm by our thoughtless (thought), irresponsible, selfish behaviour. 13．I had hardly got to the office when my wife phone me to go back home at once. 14．Hereforshire Health Authority needs to make savings (save) of six hundred thousand pounds which it overspent this year. 15．Do not leave the building until instructed (instruct) to do so. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．昨天晚上我妹妹制作了一个飞机模型，以便她能帮助她的朋友学习科学。(so that) My sister made a model plane so that she could help her friend study the science last night. 2．昨晚经过她的房子时，我看到她正在画画。(感官动词＋sb＋doing) When I passed by her house last night, I saw her drawing pictures. 3．光传播得很快，我们很难想象它的速度。(倒装) So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 4．我每次乘船都晕船。 Every time I took a boat, I got seasick. 5．你可以随意去你喜欢去的任何地方。 You are free to go wherever you like to go. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $