Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版)

本讲义围绕“潜入深海”主题展开语篇教学，涵盖沉船考古、深海生物、资源开发等内容，系统梳理核心词汇（如熟词生义“some”）、语法点（完全倒装、if型省略结构）及阅读、写作技能，通过词汇注释、语法解析、练习题等学习支架，帮助学生构建主题知识与语言能力的关联。 资料特色在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，以中国“蛟龙”号等案例渗透家国情怀，提升人类命运共同体意识；语法讲解结合实例（如倒装句“Lying under waters...”）和拓展练习，强化语言理解与表达；写作微练提供句型模板，培养思维品质。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可通过词汇训练、语法巩固弥补知识盲点。

Unit 5　Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas [对应学生用书P122] DIVING① DEEP 1 Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks②.【1】 All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners.Among these is the Esmeralda，the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.【2】Today，some③ 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail④，there is little—if any【3】—land on our planet left unexplored⑤.We have more detailed maps of the Moon，and even of Venus and Mars，than we do of Earth's own sea bed.【4】 【1】此处为现在分词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装。 ►Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.躺在地板上的是一个约十七岁的男孩。 【2】本句是倒装句，the earliest...Asia作主语the Esmeralda的同位语。 【3】if any表示“如果有的话”，是if型省略结构。 【4】画线部分为than引导的比较状语从句，do替代前面的have detailed maps。 2 Given⑥ our limited knowledge，it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to⑦ lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.【5】 As with⑧ the discovery of the Esmeralda，many archaeological finds⑨ are made in shallow waters⑩ near the coast.These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves.One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neapolis，discovered off the coast of Tunisia.Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the ruins of Neapolis are almost 2，000 years old.The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into⑪ a fascinating⑫ period in our history.However，we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure，darkness and extreme cold⑬ at vast depths.Fragments⑭ of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered. 【5】“it is no surprise that...”表示“……不足为奇”，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 3 Amazing biological⑮ discoveries are also being made.The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet's fish.In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.【6】Imagine bone­white coral⑯ 6，000 metres below the ocean's surface，growing at the rate of⑰ only one or two millimetres per year.Some of these could be 4，000 years old.Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye，a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent⑱ forehead.In the very⑲ deepest ocean trenches⑳ that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface，the pressure is equivalent to㉑ 50 aeroplanes stacked㉒ one on top of another.Yet there is still life to be found，even around the deep­sea volcanic openings㉓.These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet，even in the most extreme circumstances. 【6】本句的主干是In these waters are extraordinary creatures。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词these waters；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures，该从句中又包含一个as if引导的表语从句。 4 Furthermore，the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources，some of which are completely new to us【7】．Most notable㉔ of these is China's discovery of an ice­like substance㉕，known as “fire ice”，under the South China Sea.In addition，China's underwater vessels㉖，such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi，have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres.The Jiaolong even holds the record for㉗ the deepest dive by a manned submarine㉘，at 7，062 metres，giving China its place alongside㉙ the world's top ocean explorers.The research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed，as well as helping identify areas for deep­sea drilling㉚，taking deep­sea exploration into a whole new era.【8】 【7】画线部分为“代词＋of which”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词natural resources。 【8】本句的主干是The research is giving scientists a greater understanding as well as helping identify areas。过去分词短语conducted by these vessels作后置定语修饰主语The research；how引导宾语从句；现在分词短语taking deep­sea exploration into a whole new era作结果状语。 5 Being a tough environment㉛ of complete darkness，enormous㉜ pressure and intense㉝ cold【9】，the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of㉞ human exploration.However，through closer international scientific，economic and cultural cooperation，we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up㉟ our planet's final frontier㊱.Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery，and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today. 【9】画线部分为现在分词短语作状语，表示主语the ocean depths的状态。 ①dive/daɪv/vi.&n.[C]潜水；跳水 ②shipwreck/'ʃɪprek/n.[C]失事的船，沉船；[U，C]船舶失事，海难 ③some熟词生义adv.大约，差不多 Some thirty people attended the funeral.大约有三十人参加了葬礼。 ④set sail起航 ⑤unexplored/ˌʌnɪk'splɔːd/adj.无人涉足的，未画进地图的，未经勘察的 ⑥given熟词生义prep.考虑到，鉴于 Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。 ⑦continue to do sth继续做某事 ⑧as with正如；与……一样 ⑨archaeological finds考古发现 archaeological/ˌɑːkiə'lɒdʒɪkəl/adj.考古学的；考古的 ⑩shallow waters浅水区 ⑪offer a window into...提供了解……的窗口 window熟词生义n.[sing.]了解信息的渠道，窗口 ⑫fascinating/'fæsɪneɪtɪŋ/adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 ⑬extreme cold严寒，极度寒冷 ⑭fragment/'frægmənt/n.[sing.]碎片，片段 ⑮biological/ˌbaɪə'lɒdʒɪkl/adj.生物的；生物学的 biology/ˌbaɪ'ɒlədʒi/n.[U]生物 ⑯coral/'kɒrəl/n.[U]珊瑚 coral reef/island珊瑚礁/岛 ⑰at the rate of 按……速度；按……比率 ⑱transparent/træs'pærənt/adj.透明的 ⑲very熟词生义adv.(强调形容词最高级或置于own前)完全，十足 They wanted the very best quality.他们要最好的质量。 ⑳ocean trench海沟 trench/trentʃ/n.[C]海沟，大洋沟 ㉑be equivalent to等同于，相当于 equivalent/ɪ'kwɪv(ə)lənt/adj.相当的；等同的；等值的 Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.八公里约等于五英里。 ㉒stack/stæk/vt.(使)整齐地堆起；摞起 ㉓volcanic opening火山口 ㉔notable/'nəʊtəbl/adj.值得注意的；显著的；重要的 ㉕substance/'sʌbstəns/n.[C]物质，物品，东西 ㉖vessel/'vesl/n.[C]舰，船，轮船；血管 ㉗hold the record for...保持……的记录 ㉘manned submarine载人潜艇 manned/mænd/adj.有人控制的，需人操纵的 ㉙alongside prep.与……一起，与……同时 ㉚deep­sea drilling深海钻探 drilling/drɪlɪŋ/n.[C]钻探；勘探 ㉛tough environment艰苦的环境 ㉜enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的 ㉝intense/ɪn'tens/adj.很大的，十分强烈的 intense heat/cold/pain酷热/严寒/剧痛 ㉞beyond the reach of...超出……的范围 ㉟open up开辟 ㊱frontier/'frʌntɪə/n.[C]边界，边境，国界；尖端，边缘 潜入深海 1 全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸，它们都代表着若干世纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中就包括了“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早残骸。如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。(然而，)我们手中关于地球自身海底的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。 2 鉴于我们认知有限，探索海洋可以不断带来各种不同科学领域的发现就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一样，很多考古学发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟至今已有近2 000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以窥见那段精彩的历史。然而，我们才刚刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。 3 生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着多达地球上90%的鱼类。在200多米以下、阳光照不到的那些水域里，生存着一些看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中走出来的奇异生物。想象一下，在海平面下6 000米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的速度生长着，它们中有些可能已经存活了4，000年。漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是种奇特的鱼，眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。在海平面以下8，000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起，然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周围也有生命。这些发现帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最极端的环境下(的承受力)。 4 此外，海洋还是自然资源的宝贵来源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。最值得一提的便是中国在南海发现的冰状物质——被称为“可燃冰”。此外，中国的水下舰艇，如“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”号，一直在数千米深的水域探索。“蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜艇的最深下潜纪录7，062 米，使中国跻身于世界顶级海洋探索国之列。借助这些潜水器所完成的研究有利于科学家进一步了解海床的形成过程，帮助确定深海钻探区域，将深海勘探带入一个崭新的时代。 5 深海区域环境恶劣，完全黑暗、压强极大、极度寒冷，长期以来都是人类探索无法到达的区域。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济以及文化合作，我们都在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与者。人类正进入一个海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉脚下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。 [对应学生用书P124] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．millimetre n.毫米 2．furthermore adv.此外，而且；不仅如此 3．substance n.物质 4．vol n.(书的)卷，册 拓展词汇 5．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notably adv.显而易见地；显著地；特别，尤其 6．drilling n.钻探；勘探→drill v．钻(洞)；练习 n.钻；操练，训练 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．set sail 起航 2．continue to do继续做…… 3．offer a window into...为了解……提供了一扇窗 4．be equivalent to 等(同)于；相等(当)于…… 5．hold a record 保持一个纪录 6．beyond the reach of 无法达到；超出……的能力之外 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．完全倒装 (1)Lying under waters across the globe are(全球水域下沉睡着) an estimated three million shipwrecks. (2)Among these is(其中包括) the Esmeralda，the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia. 2．if型省略结构 Today，some 500 years after theEsmeralda set sail，there is little—if any(如果有的话)—land on our planet left unexplored. 3．It＋be＋过去分词＋that... It's argued that(人们争论) the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy，with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. [对应学生用书P125] Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What is the author's attitude to ocean exploration? A．Indifferent. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Cautious. 2．What can't we infer from the first paragraph? A．The Esmeralda set sail in the 16th century. B．After the Esmeralda，humans have made much progress in exploring Earth's furthest corner. C．The Esmeralda represents attempts to explore the Earth's furthest corner. D．There is still a little unexplored land on our planet. 3．The following have been discovered in the ocean depth EXCEPT ． A．natural resources B．extraordinary creatures C．shipwrecks D．fragments of the past 4．Why does the author give the examples of China? A．To show how powerful our country is. B．To show the progress our country has made. C．To show the oceans can provide priceless natural resources. D．To show how the sea bed is formed. 答案　1－4　BDDC [对应学生用书P125] [核心词汇·练透] hold the record for...　保持……的纪录 (1)hold/keep a record　保持纪录 break a record　打破纪录 set a record　创纪录 keep records/a record of　记录；把……记录下来 (2)It is recorded that...　据记载…… [经典例句] The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine. “蛟龙”号甚至保持着载人潜艇的最深下潜纪录。 [练通]——补全句子 (1) He planted a little apple tree and kept records of (记录)its growth every month. (2)The young athlete set a new record(创下一项新纪录) at the Winter Olympic Games. (3)It is recorded that(据记载) paper money has been used for over a thousand years in China. (4)Antarctica holds the record for(保持记录)a low temperature reading－125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. beyond the reach of...　超出……的范围；无法达到 beyond recognition　认不出来 beyond description　无法形容/描述 beyond compare　无与伦比，举世无双 beyond one's imagination　超乎某人的想象 beyond expression　无法表达 beyond one's control　某人无法控制 [经典例句] Being a tough environment of complete darkness，enormous pressure and intense cold，the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration. 因为是一个完全黑暗、压强极大和极度寒冷的恶劣环境，海洋深处长期以来一直是人类探索无法企及的。 [练通]——补全句子 (1)The power of the new technology is beyond imagination (超乎想象).It has changed our lives in many ways. (2) The climbers were aiming for the summit，which seemed just beyond the reach of their physical abilities(超出了他们身体能力所及的范围). (3)There was nothing we could do about it—the situation was beyond our control(我们无法控制). (4)My hometown has changed beyond recognition(认不出来)with rows of factories built on what used to be farmlands. [重点句型·通关] 完全倒装 完全倒装句 (1)表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，out，up，down，away，now，then等以及表示方位的介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装结构；其谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词； (2)作表语的分词或形容词，有时可以移至句首，对主语的动作或状态加以强调。 [经典例句] Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. 全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。 Among these is the Esmeralda，the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia. 其中包括“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早的残骸。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1) At the foot of the mountain runs(run) a small stream lined by trees with a history of over 1，000 years. (2)Typical for China is(be) the crosstalk show，where a pair of comedians entertain the audience with word play. (3) 铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来，迫不及待地想要享受课间休息时光，在阳光下玩耍。 As soon as the bell rang，out rushed the children，eager to enjoy their break time and play in the sunshine.(读后续写之动作描写) 如果句子的主语为代词，只将副词或介词短语提前，而句子的主语和谓语要用陈述语序，如“Here you are.”。 if型省略结构 在if引导的条件状语从句中，有时可省略从句中的there be 或从句中与主句相同的部分，在这类省略结构中有的已构成固定结构，这类结构常见的有： if so如果这样 if not不然 if necessary如果有必要 if possible如果有可能 if any如果有的话，即使有的话(主句为否定意义) if ever如果曾经有过的话，即使曾经有过的话也不(与表示否定意义的词语连用) [经典例句] Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored. 如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们的星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。 (1)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so(如果这样)，you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (2)We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary(如果必要的话).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) (3)(北师必修三 U9) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. If not(不然的话)，at least you have “listened to” another point of view. [对应学生用书P127] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．in the ocean depths在海洋深处 2．dive deep潜入深海 3．the sea bed 海床；海底 4．in various scientific fields在各个不同的科学领域 5．an archaeological find考古发现 6．shallow/deep waters浅/深水域 7．off the coast of靠近……海岸 8．overcome a challenge克服挑战 9．extreme cold极寒 10．an amazing discovery一个惊人的发现 11．science fiction科幻小说 12．one on top of another 一个一个摞成堆地 13．in the most extreme circumstances在最极端的环境/条件下 14．a valuable source宝贵的来源 15．natural resources 自然资源 16．an ice­like substance冰状物质 17．take...into a whole new era把……带入一个全新的时代 18．a global mission全球使命 19．open up开辟；打开；直抒胸怀 20．be familiar to sb 是某人所熟悉的 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．Every substance(物质)，no matter what it is，is composed of very small particles called molecules(分子). 2．The shoreline drilling(勘探) for oil and gas under the lake beds will be carried under strict supervision. 3．他保持着在太空中连续停留时间最长的纪录。 He holds the record for the longest consecutive amount of time spent in space. 4．如果有必要，我们可以把聚会推迟到下周。 If necessary，we can postpone the party until next week. 5．站在演讲厅前的是一位来自澳大利亚的著名科学家。(完全倒装) Standing in the front of the lecture hall was a famous scientist from Australia. [对应学生用书P128] 海洋探索 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．shipwreck n.失事的船；沉船 3．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的 4．substance n.物质 5．vessel n.船；舰 6．drilling n.钻探；勘探 7．set sail启航 8．beyond the reach of无法达到 补充词汇 9．underwater adj.水下的 10．channel n.航道；海峡 11．fleet n.舰队；机群 12．exploit v．开发；利用 13．be likely to be...很可能是…… Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks. 全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。 2．Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the ruins of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old. 据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟至今已有近2 000年的历史。 3．In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction. 在200多米以下、阳光照不到的深水水域里，住着一些看起来就像是刚从科幻小说中走出来的奇异的生物。 其他表达 4．However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. 然而，来自东方的商人和探险家从东向西航行，比哥伦布要早许多年。 5．These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. 这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．科研队从基地港启航，开始了他们的水下探险。 The scientific research team set sail from their base port and began their underwater expedition. 2．大西洋对岸的水下是一座规模巨大的城市，据认为是失落的亚特兰蒂斯城，它更有可能是亚特兰蒂斯文明存在过的证据。 Underwater across the Atlantic is a huge city，believed to be the lost city of Atlantis，which is more likely to be the evidence of the existence of Atlantis civilisation. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $