Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版)

本讲义聚焦定语从句核心知识点，系统梳理关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose, as）、关系副词（when, where, why）及“介词＋关系代词”结构的用法规则，通过表格对比（如that和which适用情况）、例句解析（如whose表所属）搭建知识支架，衔接高考真题即时演练与语法写作应用，形成从基础规则到语境运用的递进脉络。 资料特色在于融入2023-2025年全国卷真题即时演练，助力学生在真实语境中提升语言运用能力（语言能力），通过对比分析that/which用法、归纳as的特殊句式（如such...as）培养逻辑思维（思维品质）。课中教师可依托表格、例句开展精准教学，课后学生通过分层练习（填空、写作）巩固语法规则，有效查漏补缺，提升自主学习效率（学习能力）。

Unit 4　Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P90] 定语从句是由关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why等引导的从句。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 定于1月18日在我们学校礼堂举行的比赛将聚焦中国传统文化。 ◆He is the writer that/whom/who you are looking forward to visiting. 他就是你一直渴望拜访的那个作家。 ◆They live in a house whose windows face north. 他们住在一所窗户朝北的房子里。 whom，which，that在从句中作宾语时可省略，但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that。 2．that和which的用法区别 宜用that 的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等或被不定代词修饰时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等限定词修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词/形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 宜用which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且其前有介词时 你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗？ ◆This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 ◆Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ ◆China Daily attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《今日中国》吸引了全球的读者群，这说明世界上越来越多的人想要了解中国。 3．as和which的用法区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as意为“正如……、正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句之后，意为“这一点、这件事”，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 正如我们预料的那样，他反对这个计划。 ◆I failed again in the match，which was a great pity. 我在比赛中又失败了，这真是太遗憾了。 as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于以下句式：“such＋名词＋as(像……一样的、像……之类的)”“the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)”。 ◆Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 ◆I want the same phone as my friend bought yesterday. 我想要一个跟我朋友昨天买的一样的手机。 [即时演练1]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2025·全国一卷) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go，or weiqi in Chinese，which originated in China more than 4，000 years ago. (2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念)Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­upon­Avon，William Shakespeare's hometown. (4)(2024·全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell­ Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978，took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (5)(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life. 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 ◆Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ ◆The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 reason作先行词时，若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。 ◆The boss didn't want to hear any reason that/which you might give. 老板不想听你可能给出的任何理由。 [即时演练2]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2025·全国二卷) Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang，China with my Chinese husband and his family，where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains，chickens are always free­range，and central heating doesn't exist. (2)The reason why he lives far away from his parents hasn't been known to us. (3)The film brought the time back to me when I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents. (4)I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 ◆The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体叫氧气，离开了它我们就不能生存。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。 ◆The committee consists of 20 members，five of whom are women. 这个委员会有20 名成员，其中有5名是女性。 “名词＋of＋which/whom”引导定语从句时，可换成whose引导定语从句。 ◆I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. ＝I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 [即时演练3]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children，artists，writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. (2)He paid the boy ten dollars to wash the windows，most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. (3)I made friends with Susan and Alice in that school，both of whom were interested in astronomy. (4)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (5)I'm very grateful to Mr Zhang，without whose encouragement I couldn't have been admitted to a key university. [对应学生用书P93] make ends meet　使收支仅能相抵 bring...to an end＝put an end to...　使……结束；终止 at the end (of...)　在(……的)尽头 in the end　最后，终于 come to an end　结束 by the end of　到……结束时 on end　不停地，连续地；竖着 [经典例句] You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet. 你将不得不支付账单和处理预算，使收支平衡。 [练通]——补全句子 (1)With the high cost of living，it's becoming increasingly difficult for many families to make ends meet(收支相抵). (2) It was your efforts and determination that put an end to(结束) the natural disaster. (3)—Jim，can you work this Sunday? —Why me? I've been working for two weeks on end(连续). (4)By the end of last month(到上个月月底)，I had learned all the songs and the pains paid off in the end(最终). (5)The conference came to an end(结束)，leaving a lot of questions to be settled. go into debt(＝get/run into debt)　陷入债务之中，负债 get out of debt　摆脱债务(表示动作) in debt　欠债(表示状态) out of debt　不欠债(表示状态) pay off one's debts　还清某人的债务 [经典例句] Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt. 避免购买奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。 [练通]——补全句子 (1) Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just put you in debt(负债). (2) What made Tom happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts(还清了所有的债务). (3)Now some people go into debt(负债) just because they always want to keep up with the latest fashion trends and buy designer clothes. [对应学生用书P94] Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1．The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. 2．It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. 3．These are the reasons why more and more people have turned to online learning these days. 4．I was in the middle of the Amazon with my wife，who was there as a medical researcher. 5．In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 6．They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals. 7．It's helpful to put ourselves in a situation where we can see ourselves more clearly. 8．The students who are talented in computers are responsible for designing and making the video. 9．We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing. 10．As is known to all，Professor Li is extremely popular among students. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。 They talked in such simple English as children could understand． 2．我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。 We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 3．我们都很钦佩你对我们提及的那位科学家以及他所取得的成就。 The scientist and his achievements that you told us are admired by us all. 4．他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全理解它的意思。 He told us a story in English，whose meaning/ the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely. 5．很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $