Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版)

本高中英语讲义以敦煌为核心主题，系统梳理其作为古丝绸之路门户的历史地位、莫高窟壁画（含飞天特色）与藏经洞的文化价值，以及“一带一路”下的当代复兴。通过词汇解析（如heritage、depict）、句式支架（定语从句、with复合结构）和语篇逻辑，构建从历史到当代的文化理解框架。 资料特色在于融合文化意识与语言能力培养，如借壁画中多元文化元素（古希腊、印度风格）增强家国情怀，通过语法解析（倒装句、“so...that”结构）提升语言运用能力。设计练习题与写作微练，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Unit 3　Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P55] Unit 3　Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P55] WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 1 Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road，this city was the gateway① to and from Ancient China，a place where East met West【1】，and a green island in the middle of the desert.You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis② of Dunhuang ahead of them.【2】 【1】此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，where在从句中作地点状语。 【2】本句是主从复合句。how引导宾语从句，该从句中when引导时间状语从句。 2 Dunhuang's long and glorious③ history represents④ its significance⑤ as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥.Today，Dunhuang is a world­class tourist destination⑦ boasting⑧ sites with UNESCO­protected⑨ heritage⑩ status【3】．Now，we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves，of which there are more than 700【4】．Known as the Mogao Grottoes【5】，these ancient caves were carved out of⑪ the rock over a period of 1，000 years.If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together【6】．Look at these statues⑫！ You can see elements from Ancient Greece，India and Iran.Now look around the walls of the cave.Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view⑬．【7】 Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing⑭ area of⑮ 45，000 square metres. 【3】画线部分是现在分词短语作后置定语。此处world­class tourist destination与boast之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。 【4】画线部分是“介词(of)＋关系代词(which)”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代caves。 【5】画线部分是过去分词短语作状语，be known as...意为“作为……而出名”。 【6】画线部分是that引导的宾语从句，that指代先行词paintings and other artworks，在从句中作主语。介词to后是how引导的宾语从句。 【7】画线部分中so that引导目的状语从句，主句是一个祈使句。 3 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary⑯ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang【8】 shows the Apsaras，or “Flying Immortals”．Representations of these heavenly musicians，singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.Take a look at this mural.The Apsaras are depicted⑰ sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves⑱ flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.【9】 And here is another one.Move over here where you can see it in more detail⑲.The Apsaras are holding lotuses，playing musical instruments，dancing and throwing flowers.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak⑳ during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life，reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.【10】 【8】画线部分为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one type of mural，that在从句中作主语。 【9】本句是主从复合句。with their scarves flying是“with＋宾语＋现在分词”结构；as if引导方式状语从句。 【10】画线部分是现在分词短语作状语。 4 Now，something really extraordinary happened in 1900，when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds㉑ of the 20th century.In a sealed㉒ cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts㉓，paintings and scrolls㉔，as well as silk embroideries.【11】 We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly—the Library Cave is only a stone's throw㉕ from here.Dating from 405AD to 1002AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.【12】 Thanks to this ancient library，we now know that goods arrived㉖ in Dunhuang from as far away as North­east Europe，and that goods were also exported㉗ from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.The scrolls are so detailed㉘ that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang【13】，such as ceramics㉙，medicine，perfumes㉚ and fruit，to name just a few㉛.The scrolls also reveal ㉜ how many different communities lived side­by­side within this great city.However，the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.【14】 【11】画线部分中表地点的介词短语In a sealed cave位于句首，句子用了全部倒装。 【12】本句是主从复合句。Dating from...1002 AD是现在分词短语作状语；when引导定语从句。 【13】本句含有“so...that”结构。第一个that引导结果状语从句，这个状语从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，that指代先行词goods。 【14】本句是主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并在从句中作原因状语。 5 In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous㉝ as it used to be.【15】 Gradually，it faded㉞ from memory，even though it was once such a great city. 【15】本句是主从复合句。句中含“as...as...”结构，第二个as引导比较状语从句。 6 This century is bringing the Silk Road to life㉟ once more through the Belt and Road Initiative㊱.Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads㊲ since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo㊳ in 2017.Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen㊴ mutual㊵ cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place.【16】 【16】本句包含Given that引导的原因状语从句。 7 Now let's move on㊶ to the next cave... ①gateway/'ɡeɪtweɪ/n.[usually sing.]通向……的门户 ②oasis/əʊ'eɪsɪs/n.[C](沙漠中的)绿洲 ③glorious/'ɡlɔːriəs/adj.辉煌的；光荣的；极为宜人的 glorious history辉煌的历史 ④represent/ˌreprɪ'zent/vt.展示；表现 ⑤significance/sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəns/n. [U，C](尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思 significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的 attach significance to...认为……意义重大；重视 ⑥cultural and commercial exchange文化与商业交流 exchange/ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ/n.[C](不同国家人或团体之间的)交流，互访 ⑦tourist destination旅游胜地 ⑧boast/bəʊst/vt.(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物) ⑨UNESCO­protected受联合国教科文组织保护的 ⑩heritage/'herɪtɪdʒ/n.[usually sing.]遗产 ⑪be carved out of...用……雕刻而成的 ⑫statue/'stætʃuː/n.[C]雕像，塑像 ⑬get a better view看得更清楚 ⑭astonishing/ə'tɒnɪʃɪŋ/adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的 ⑮cover an area of...占地…… ⑯vary/'veəri/vi.变化 vary from...to...从……到……不等 ⑰depict/dɪ'pɪkt/vt.描绘，描画 ⑱scarf/skɑːf/n.[C]围巾，披巾，头巾 ⑲in more detail更为详细 ⑳peak/piːk/n.[usually sing.]顶点，高峰 ㉑find n.[C]发现物，被发现的人(尤指有趣、有价值或有用者) ㉒sealed/siːld/adj.密封的 seal vt.密封 seal sth(up)(with sth)(用某物)密封某物 ㉓manuscript/'mænjuskrɪpt/n.[C]手稿，原稿 ㉔scroll/skrəʊl/n.[C]纸卷，卷轴 ㉕throw熟词生义　n.[C]投掷的距离；抛，扔 a stone's throw很近的距离，不远处 We live just a stone's throw from here.我们就住在附近。 ㉖arrive vi.送达，寄到 Breakfast arrived while he was in the bathroom.早餐在他在浴室里时送到了。 ㉗export/ɪk'spɔːt/vt.&vi.输出，出口 [反义]import vt.进口 ㉘detailed/'diːteɪld/详细的，精细的 ㉙ceramics/sə'ræmɪks/n.[pl.]陶瓷制品 ㉚perfume/'pɜːfjuːm/n.香料 ㉛to name just a few 仅举几例 ㉜reveal/rɪ'viːl/vt.显示，透露，揭露 ㉝prosperous/'prɒspərəs/adj.繁荣的，兴旺的 ㉞fade/feɪd/vi.逐渐消失；vi.& vt.褪色 fade from...从……逐渐消失 ㉟bring...to life使……焕发生机 ㊱the Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议 initiative/ɪ'nɪʃətɪv/n.[C]倡议 ㊲crossroads/'krɒsrəʊdz/n.[C]活动中心，汇集地 ㊳the Silk Road International Cultural Expo丝绸之路国际文化博览会 [拓展]expo/'ekspəʊ/n.[C]展览会，博览会 ㊴strengthen/'streŋθ(ə)n/vt.&vi.加强；巩固 ㊵mutual/'mjuːtʃuəl/adj.相互的；共同的 ㊶move on(to sth)开始做(别的事)；换话题 欢迎来到敦煌！ 1 欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交会的地方，也是沙漠中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将会是怎样的。 2 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地、拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要去其中几个著名的洞窟。以“莫高窟”而闻名，这些古老的洞窟是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看它们！这些壁画的面积有45 000平方米，非常惊人。 3 敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活的场景不等。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都饰有这些天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。(你可以看到)飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、散花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信与乐观。 4 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞，藏有成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们如今才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来，这至今仍是个谜。 5 在明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。敦煌尽管曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。 6 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议使丝绸之路焕发生机。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。 7 现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟…… [对应学生用书P58] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．statue n.雕像；塑像 2．peak n.高峰，顶点 拓展词汇 3．strengthen v.加强→strength n.力量；力气→strong adj.坚强的；强壮的→strongly adv.强有力地；坚强地 4．coverage n.覆盖范围→cover v.覆盖 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be testimony to是……的证明 2．date from 追溯到…… 3．seal up 封闭，密封 4．fade from从……中消逝 5．bring...to life使复苏；(使)变得生动 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句 Now，we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves，of which there are more than 700(敦煌有700多个这样的洞窟). 2．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying(他们帔巾飘飘)，as if they are about to fly down to meet us. 3．介词短语置于句首，句子完全倒装 In a sealed cave(在一个封闭的洞窟里)，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden(藏有) thousands of manuscripts，paintings and scrolls，as well as silk embroideries. 4．“...not as/so＋形容词/副词＋as...”意为“和……不一样、不如……” In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be(不再像从前那样繁华). 5．“given that”意为“考虑到、鉴于” Given that(鉴于) the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. [对应学生用书P59] Ⅰ.What's mainly talked about in the passage? A．How the famous Library Cave was found. B．The importance of the old Silk Road. C．The Belt and Road Initiative. D．An introduction of Dunhuang. 答案　D Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Dunhuang has over 700 years old. B．Dunhuang has always been a world­class tourist destination. C．The ancient caves of the Mogao Grottoes have existed for 1，000 years. D．The statues in the caves contain many elements. 2．When was the painting of Apsaras the highest level? A．The Tang Dynasty. B．The Ming Dynasty. C．In the 1900s. D．Since 2017. 3．Why was Dunhuang less prosperous than before? A．Because the trade routes changed. B．Because it became deserts gradually. C．Because Europe and Asia had no trade. D．Because people were no longer interested in it. 4．Where will we most likely see the passage? A．Science reports. B．Tourism guidance. C．Sports reports. D．Family life section. 答案　1－4　DAAB 1．If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. [句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。“If you look up”为if引导的条件状语从句；“that are testimony to...together”为that引导的定语从句，在该从句中“how the...together”为how引导的宾语从句。 [翻译]　 如果你抬起头，你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。 2．The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us. [句式分析] “with their scarves flying”为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构作伴随状语；“as if they are...us”为as if引导的方式状语从句。 [翻译]　上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。 [对应学生用书P60] [核心词汇·练透] date from　追溯到…… (1)date back to＝date from　始于……；追溯到…… (2)out of date　过时的；陈旧的 up to date　最新式的；现代的 to date＝so far　至今；到目前为止 fix/set a date for　确定……的日期 [经典例句] Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. 这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年至1002年，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)The ancient church building which we paid a visit to the other day dates (date) from the sixth century. (2)Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology. (3)The printed book is not totally out of date(过时).(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) (4) 始于大约200年前的京剧是一种中国传统戏剧，它被看作中国文化的象征。 Beijing Opera dating back to about 200 years ago is a form of traditional Chinese theatre，which is considered as a symbol of Chinese culture.(应用文写作之传统文化) date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，而不用于被动语态。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。 bring...(back) to life　使……恢复生机；使……生动起来 come (back) to life　苏醒； 变得活跃； 恢复生气 lead/live a(n)...life　过着……的生活 full of life　充满活力 21世纪，“一带一路”的倡议使丝绸之路焕发了生机。 [练通]——补全句子 (1) The children in the playground were full of life (充满活力)，running and laughing loudly. (2) When the drowning boy came to life(苏醒过来)，an air of delight and excitement settled over the crowd. (3)These beautiful flowers brought my dull room to life(使我沉闷的房间焕发了生机)in the past days. strengthen　v．加强，(使)变强；增强(体质)(→strong adj.坚强的；强壮的→strength n.[U]力量，体力；[C]长处，强项) have the strength to do　有做……的力气/意志力 build up one's strength　增强体质 [经典例句] Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. 鉴于本次博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作，因此敦煌正是理想的会址。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)Knowing my strengths(strength) and weaknesses all too well，I decided to focus on the task of working with the subjects. (2) Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build up your strength(增强你的体质)，but also develop your character. (3)没有力气再往上爬了，但我最终还是凭借我的全部力量和决心成功登顶了这座山。 Though I didn't have the strength to climb any further，I finally made it to the top of the mountain with all my strength and determination．(读后续写之情感描写) [重点句型·通关] with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。 常见的with复合结构： ①with＋宾语＋doing (doing表示主动或正在进行的动作)； ②with＋宾语＋done (done表示被动或已完成的动作)； ③with＋宾语＋to do (to do表示将来的动作)； ④with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.(表示宾语的性质或状态)。 [经典例句] The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us. 上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。 [练通]——单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)With the hunting season canceled (cancel) in several European countries，this promises to be a spring of love for the animal kingdom. (2)With just two minutes to spare(spare) we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully，there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) (3)You helped me with my English，so I have made such great progress. →With you helping me with my English，I have made such great progress.(with复合结构) [对应学生用书P62] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．a travel brochure旅行手册 2．a gateway to通向……(更大地区)的门户 3．ahead of在……前面；早于 4．a long and glorious history悠久辉煌的历史 5．cultural and commercial exchange文化和商业交流 6．a world­class tourist destination世界级的旅游胜地 7．look around 环顾四周；寻找；参观 8．get a better view看得更清楚 9．cover an area of 覆盖/占地(多少面积) 10．be unique to(某地、某人或某民族)独具的；特有的 11．in more detail 更为详细 12．play musical instruments 弹奏乐器 13．reach a peak达到巅峰(状态)；到达顶点 14．be full of life 充满/生机 15．a stone's throw很近的距离 16．give sb a picture of向某人描绘/展现了……的画面 17．a vast range of各种各样的…… 18．to name just a few略举几例 19．a trade route贸易路线 20．the Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议 21．promote cultural exchange促进文化交流 22．strengthen mutual cooperation加强相互合作 23．move on to sth开始做(别的事)；换(话题) Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．The statue(塑像) is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of the country. 2．Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus.It can strengthen(加强) your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. 3．剪纸是我国的一种传统艺术形式，可以追溯到汉朝。 Paper­cutting，dating from/dating back to the Han Dynasty，is a traditional art form in our country. 4．这位教师能力很强，能真正把文学生动有趣地教给他的学生们。 The capable teacher can really bring literature to life for his students. 5．随着期末考试的临近，同学们一直忙于为其做准备。 With the final exam approaching，the students have been busy preparing for it. [对应学生用书P62] 历史与文化 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．statue n.雕像；塑像 2．mural n.壁画 3．scroll n.纸卷，卷轴 4．ceramics n.陶瓷制品 5．scholar n.学者 6．long and glorious history悠久而辉煌的历史 7．bring...to life使……焕发生机；使……复活/苏醒；使……生动有趣 8．be testimony to是……的证明 补充词汇 9．places of interest名胜古迹 10．businessmen from various countries来自各国的商人 11．cultural confidence文化自信 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. 你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将会是怎样的。 2．The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us. 上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。 3．In a sealed cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts，paintings and scrolls，as well as silk embroideries. 在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。 4．Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. 这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。 5．Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. 博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。 其他表达 6．Lhasa is a pearl of the snowy plateau.It is a holy land measured with heart rather than with feet. 拉萨是雪域高原的一颗明珠。它是用心而不是用双脚去丈量的圣地。 7．Xi'an has 3，100 years of historical deposition.When you set foot on this charming land，it's like walking into the long river of history. 西安有着3100年的历史沉淀。当你踏上这片迷人的土地时，就仿佛走进了历史的长河。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．追溯到一千多年前，楼兰是沙漠中一个繁荣的国家，当时在那里可以看到来自各国的商人。 Dating back to more than 1，000 years ago，Loulan was a prosperous country in the desert，where businessmen from various countries could be seen at that time. 2．向公众展示文物有助于提升文化自信。 Showing cultural relics to the public contributes to improving cultural confidence. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $