Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版)

本高中英语讲义聚焦被动语态核心语法点，系统梳理其构成（含不同时态、情态动词及不定式的被动形式）、主动表被动的特殊情况（谓语动词如look/sell的属性用法、非谓语动词want/need后的主动表被动等）及使用注意事项（不及物动词无被动、感官动词变被动加to等），构建从基础到特殊用法的学习支架。 资料亮点在于结合高考真题设计即时演练，助力语言能力提升，通过对比主动与被动用法培养思维品质，核心词汇与句型练习强化学习能力。课中教师可依托实例讲解语法规则，课后学生能通过填空和写作练习巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Unit 2　Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P39] 一、被动语态的构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成：系动词be＋过去分词。在被动语态中，by 后常跟动作的执行者。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 1．被动语态的时态、形式(以动词do为例) 时态形式 构成 例句 现在时 一般式 am/is/are done A friend is never known till a man has need.[谚语] 患难识挚友。 进行式 am/is/are being done He has to go to work on foot because his car is being repaired.他的车正在修理中，因此，他得步行上班。 完成式 has / have been done I have been told that we will move to the new school next month.我被告知下个月我们将搬去新校。 过去时 一般式 was/were done All the students were inspired by the inspiring speech.所有的学生都被这场鼓舞人心的演讲鼓舞了。 进行式 was/were being done The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 完成式 had been done When we got there the work had been finished.我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 将来时 一般式 will/shall be done The school sports meeting will be held next week.校运动会将在下星期举行。 过去式 would/ should be done The teacher told us that a new experiment would be performed the next day.老师告诉我们第二天有一个新的实验要做。 (1)情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。 ◆Nowadays，solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。 (2)不定式的被动语态 ①一般式(to be done)：表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其(几乎)同时发生。 ②完成式(to have been done)：表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 ◆The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。 ◆The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这本书已被译成多种语言。 [即时演练1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2025·全国一卷) “The players' personalities are revealed (reveal)during the game，and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds. (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) A statue commemorating(纪念) Shakespeare and Tang was put(put) up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. (3)(2024·全国甲卷) What should be done (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. (4)(2023·天津卷)The wooden tower that is being restored(restore) will be open to tourists soon，and the work is almost finished. 二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1．谓语动词的主动表示被动 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 ◆Whether we can have a holiday next week remains unknown. 我们还不知道下周能否放假。 (2)当open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆That kind of shirt cleans easily. 那种衬衫容易洗干净。 ◆This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．非谓语动词的主动表被动 (1)在 want，need，require等少数表示“需要”的动词后用动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 ◆The house needs cleaning(＝to be cleaned). 这所房子需要打扫。 ◆This wall requires repairing(＝to be repaired). 这面墙需要修理。 (2)某些作表语的形容词(如easy，hard，difficult等)后，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆He is easy to get along with.很好相处。 ◆This question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。 [即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)I need to go(go) home now，because my coat need mending(mend). (2)After the concert，Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional.It needed sharing/to be shared(share) in public. (3)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain)around that level ever since. (4)The bag was very heavy to carry(carry)，so the boy had to ask his father to help. 三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题 1．不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不能用于被动语态的动词(短语)：appear，belong，disappear，come true，happen/take place/occur，remain(剩余)，last(持续)，break out，come out(出版)，come up(提出)，lose heart，run out(用完)。 2．在主动语态里，动词see，make，hear，watch，notice等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to。 ◆They made him go there alone. →He was made to go there alone by them. 他们让他独自去那里。 3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。 ◆We gave him the letter.＝He was given the letter by us.＝The letter was given to him by us. 我们把那封信给他了。 4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类动词短语(如look after，put on)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。 ◆She often looks after the old. →The old are often looked after by her. 她经常照看老人。 [即时演练3]——将下列句子改为被动语态 (1)She bought her mother a new coat. →Her mother was bought a new coat by her. →A new coat was bought for her mother by her. (2)We should make full use of our spare time to develop our interests. →Our spare time should be made full use of to develop our interests. (3)I heard him sing in the classroom after school. →He was heard to sing in the classroom after school by me. [对应学生用书P42] [核心词汇·练透] stick to　坚持 stick out　伸出，突出 stick with　继续做/使用；不放弃 be/get stuck in...　被困在…… [经典例句] You'll never get your dream job as a market analyst if you don't stick to it. 如果你不坚持，你永远也不会得到你梦想的工作——市场分析师。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. (2)Now that you have made your promise，you are supposed to stick to it. (3)被困在森林里，孩子们紧紧依偎在父母身边，他们稚嫩的脸上充满了恐惧。 Stuck in the forest，the children huddled close to their parents，their small faces filled with fear.(读后续写之情绪描写) [重点句型·通关] 现在分词(短语)作结果状语 (1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示意料之中、自然而然的结果，分词前可加thus以示强调；常位于句末，用逗号与主句隔开； (2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料或不好的结果，其前常加only表示强调。 [经典例句] In China，a man from Jiangsu Province graduated from university at the age of 88，making him the oldest university graduate in the country. 在中国，江苏省一位88岁的老人从大学毕业，使他成为全国年龄最大的大学毕业生。 [练通]——单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations，greatly reducing(reduce) waterfowl habitat. (2) Tom jumped into the house with joy，only to find(find) the house empty. (3)Online learning itself has some imperfections，and makes it difficult for us not to be affected. →Online learning itself has some imperfections，making it difficult for us not to be affected．(现在分词作状语) [对应学生用书P43] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The more regularly they can be inspected(inspect)，the more railway safety，reliability and on­time performance will be improved (improve). 2．Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like — frequently by plane — is viewed/has been viewed (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 3．Currently，about 35，000 works are being displayed(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre，and it would take a lifetime to see everything. 4．The parts of a museum open to the public are called(call) galleries or rooms. 5．And，as more children were born，more food was needed(need). 6．The woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was being operated(operate) on. 7．They are trying to make sure that the project will be finished(finish) by deadline. 8．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days. 9．Children younger than 12 would be allowed(allow) only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day，and after 9 p．m.，they would be banned from logging on (登录)，said Tencent. 10．The opinion that learning is a lifelong process has been expressed(express) by education experts throughout the years. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．最近，“气候焦虑”一词被用来更好地描述我们对气候变化日益增长的担忧。 Recently the term “climate anxiety” has been used to better describe our growing concerns about climate change. The girl is/was often heard to sing happily in her room. 3．这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。 My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 4．下周我们学校将举办一系列以与自然和谐相处为主题的教育活动。 A series of educational activities will be held in our school with the theme of living in harmony with nature in the coming week. 5．如果你仔细思考，这里没有什么问题难以解决。 No problem here is difficult to work out，if you think carefully enough. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $