Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版)

Unit 1　Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P11] 一、一般时态 (一)一般现在时(am/is/are或do/does) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等表示习惯的副词(词组)连用。 ◆I often read books in my spare time. 业余时间我经常看书。 (1)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，如go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等。 ◆The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. 火车今晚7：25开。 (2)如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 ◆You'll make great progress if you work hard! 你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。 (二)一般过去时(was/were或did) 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。 ◆I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago. 三年前我从一中毕业。 有些句子虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect，want等。 ◆I didn't know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 (三)一般将来时 1．will/shall do will/shall do表示将来要发生的动作或产生的状态。will可用于各种人称，而shall多用于第一人称，常与tomorrow，next year，next month，this evening，in a few days等表示将来的时间状语连用。 ◆I will/shall go to visit him next week. 下周我将去拜访他。 (1)will可以表示根据当时的情况所做的临时的打算。 ◆—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday. —Oh，I didn't know.I will see him after work. ——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。 ——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。 (2)表示单纯的将来的will 通常不用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中，在这些状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 ◆I'll tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow. 如果明天见到他，我将会告诉他实情。 2．主语＋am/is/are＋going to do (1)表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情。 ◆What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？ (2)表示说话者根据某种迹象认为最近或将来要发生的事情(常指自然现象)。 ◆Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。 3．主语＋am/is/are＋to do 表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。 ◆Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？ ◆No one is to leave the room without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得离开这个房间。 4．主语＋am/is/are＋about to do “be (just) about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要……，就要……”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但常与when连用。 ◆I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我刚要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。 (四)过去将来时(would/should do) 表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。would do也可以表示过去某种习惯性的行为。 ◆She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 ◆Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。 [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 (1)(2025·全国一卷) A decent winner always tries (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态)of respect for the other side. (2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. (3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about were(be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is (be) similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. (4)(2024·全国甲卷) They were (be) part of a 15­member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (5)The weather forecast says it will be(be) cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight. 二、进行时态 1．现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 ◆All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 同学们正在教室里复习功课。 (1)现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词(短语)。 ◆Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight. 史密斯先生今晚去南京。 (2)当现在进行时与always，forever，continually，constantly等频度副词连用时强调重复的动作，表示某种感情色彩(如赞许、厌烦、满意等)。 ◆She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 2．过去进行时(was/were doing) 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。 ◆What were you doing at this time last week? 上周这个时候你在干什么？ 3．将来进行时(will be doing) 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 p．m.tomorrow等。 ◆This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema to see a film. 明天这个时候他们会坐在电影院里看电影。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空 (1)I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling(smile) at us. (2)—Hi，let's go skating. —Sorry，I'm busy right now.I am filling(fill) in an application form for a new job. (3)Daniel's family will be enjoying(enjoy) their holiday in Mount Huang this time next week. 三、完成时态 (一)现在完成时(has/have done) 1．表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，这一用法实际上表示的是因果关系，动作的完成是因，现在的情况是果。常用的时间状语有already，just，yet，before，lately，recently，ever，never，often等。 ◆I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time. 我已经提前制订了学习计划。 2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有since＋过去时间点、 for＋时间段，so far，in the last/past few years，in recent years，up to now，these few days等。 ◆We have learned English for eight years. 我们学英语八年了。 3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某个时间前已经完成的动作。 ◆Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后能来我办公室一下吗？ (1)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别： 两者都表示发生在过去的动作。现在完成时表示过去的动作与现在的关系，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在没有联系。 ◆Mr Smith has lived in Beijing for 5 years. 史密斯先生已经在北京住了五年了。(现在还在北京住着) ◆Mr Smith lived in Beijing for 5 years. 史密斯先生在北京住了五年。(现在已不在北京住着了) (2)下列句型中常用现在完成时： ①This/That/It is/will be the first/second/...time ＋that从句 ②This/That/It is the＋最高级＋名词＋that从句 ◆It is the first time I have driven a car. 这是我第一次开车。 ◆This is the most interesting film that he has made. 这是他拍的最有趣的电影。 (二)过去完成时(had done) 1．表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。 ◆By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 letters. 到昨晚九点钟，我们已经收到200封信。 2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 ◆I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候，我在公共汽车站已经等了20分钟。 3．表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 ◆He had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他本想去帮忙，但没能及时赶到那里。 常使用过去完成时的句型： (1)This/It/That was the first/second/...time＋that从句； (2)It/This was the＋最高级＋名词＋that从句； (3)hardly...when.../no sooner...than...(一……就……)，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 (三)将来完成时(shall/will have done) 表示将来某时之前或某动作之前已经完成的动作，或一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作。 ◆I shall have finished the report by next Friday. 到下周五我就完成这份报告了。 ◆By next Monday，she will have studied here for three years. 到下周一，她在这里学习就要满三年了。 [即时演练3]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·北京卷) Up to now，China has established (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. (2)(2023·浙江卷1月)Over the past few years，many solar farm developers have transformed (transform)the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators，resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. (3)(2025·湖南九校联盟第二次联考)By the Shang Dynasty，these symbols had become (become) a well­developed writing system. (4)Hopefully in 2026 we will no longer be e­mailing each other，for we will have developed(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. (5)I had hoped(hope) to take a holiday this year，but it turned out to be impossible due to unexpected work commitments. 四、完成进行时态 现在完成进行时(has/have been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语有all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 ◆I have been learning German since five years ago. 五年来我一直在学德语。 ◆I have been cycling to work for the last two weeks. 这两个星期以来我一直骑车上班。 [即时演练4]——单句语法填空 (1)He has been preparing(prepare) for the contest for months，so he is sure to win the first prize. (2)Since then，I have been trying(try) to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. (3)Since I was young，my parents have been telling(tell) me “hard work builds character”． [对应学生用书P15] admission　n.允许进入(加入)(→admit vt.& vi.准许进入；承认； 接收) (1)apply for admission to...　申请加入…… gain/obtain admission to...　获准进入/加入…… admission charges/prices　入场费/票价 (2)admit (doing) sth　 承认(做了)某事 admit sb/sth to be＋adj./n.　承认某人/某物是…… admit...to/into...　允许……进入/加入…… [经典例句] I've been recommended for admission to study physics at my dream university. 我已经被保送到我梦想的大学学习物理。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted(admit)free. (2) She apologized to me and admitted taking/having taken (take) my umbrella by mistake. (3)It's said that history is written by the victors，and those victors set the standards for admission(admit) to the genius club. (4)得知你被一所重点大学录取，我写信向你表示祝贺。 Learning that you have been admitted into/to a key university，I am writing to offer my congratulations.(应用文写作之祝贺信) make up one's mind　做出决定，拿定主意 change one's mind　改变主意 bear/keep...in mind　记住…… come to mind　突然被记起/想起 fix one's mind on/upon...　将注意力集中于…… read one's mind　看出某人的心思 bring/call...to mind　(使)想起…… put one's mind to　全神贯注于 [经典例句] I can't make up my mind what the right thing to do is. 我拿不定主意该做什么。 make up one's mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)With so much noise around，the boy could not fix his mind on/upon what he was doing at all. (2)I think it's high time that you made up your mind/should make up your mind (下决心)to choose a career which suits you best. (3)He is so stubborn that it's no use persuading him to change his mind (改变主意) once he makes a decision. (4)无论何时你情绪失控，牢记一点：只有拥有良好的心态，你才能成功。 Whenever your emotion is out of control，just keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you achieve success．(倒装句)(读后续写之主旨升华) pass up　放过，放弃，错过(机会) pass by　经过(……旁边) pass sth on (to sb)　把某物传给(某人)；把某物递给(某人) pass down　世代相传，流传 pass away　亡故，去世 pass out　昏迷，失去知觉 [经典例句] I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam. 我认为错过这次不参加考试就被录取的机会是非常遗憾的。 [练通]——用pass的相关短语填空/完成句子 (1)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.(2023·全国甲卷) (2)Jennifer Jones，15，told friends in her class that she was feeling unwell.She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to hospital.(译林必修一 U4) (3)如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或是关心它的未来，你一定不能错过这个好机会！ If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn't pass up this excellent opportunity！(应用文写作之邀请信) put off　推迟……，使……延期 put forward　提出(观点、建议) put on　穿上；上演 put away　将……收起，储存 put up with　容忍，忍受 put down　放下；写下；镇压 put aside　储存……备用；把……放在一边 put up　建造；提高；张贴 put through　接通(电话)；完成 [经典例句] Can you put off making a decision until you've spoken to your high school advisor? 你能不能先和你的高中指导老师谈谈再做决定？ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century，Gunter put his phone down and started the car.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) (2)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (3) A suggestion has been put forward/up that we should recycle the textbooks. (4) 保持友谊的方法是学会容忍朋友的缺点，并努力发现他们的优点。 The way of keeping friendship is to learn to put up with some of friends' shortcomings and try to discover their advantages.(应用文写作之建议信) weigh up　仔细考虑，权衡 (1)weigh vi.　[用作系动词]重量是……； vt.　称重量；认真考虑，权衡 (2)weight n.　重量；体重 lose weight　减肥，减轻体重 put on/gain weight　增加体重 watch one's weight　控制体重 [经典例句] Then we can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision. 然后我们可以权衡各种选择再试着做出决定。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight(weigh).(2024·全国甲卷) (2)It is important to weigh up the pros and cons before the final decision is made. (3)Jack put on/gained weight(体重增加) last year，but he managed to lose weight(减肥) by taking exercise quickly.Now he's still watching his weight(控制体重) by dieting and doing sports. participation　n.参加，参与(→participate vi.参加，参与→participant n.参加者，参与者) (1)participation in　参与…… (2)participate in...　参与…… [经典例句] In addition to participation in school，a part­time job—such as working in a café or in an office administration role—can also be helpful in this transition. 除了上学，兼职——比如在咖啡厅或行政办公室工作——在这个过渡中也很有帮助。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Participants (participate) were randomly divided into two groups.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. (2) Participating/Participation(participate) in some after­school activities can make you gain much experience. (3)有一个重要的班会要参加，这个周末我不能和你一起出去郊游了。 With an important class meeting to participate in，I can't go outing with you this weekend.(with复合结构)(应用文写作之道歉信) [对应学生用书P17] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood(misunderstand) what they were being asked. 2．My mother was putting(put) her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her. 3．We do hope that the school will carry (carry) out more similar activities in the future. 4．In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing(do) all they can over the past five hours. 5．Although she is busy with her study，she goes(go) to visit her grandparents twice a month. 6．Make the best of your precious time and study harder! This time next year you will be enjoying(enjoy) the colorful campus life in your dream university! 7．When summer comes(come)，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 8．The report details the progress we have made(make) over the last year. 9．They made up their minds that they would buy(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 10．—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop. —I'm glad we will be operating(operate) them in the years ahead. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷写作) 从那时起，我写过很多不错的作品，现在我是一位知名作家。 Since then，I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer． 2．到上学期期末我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3．我今天上午一直给他打电话，打了很多次，但都没有回应。 I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer. 4．这些天我们忙于收拾行李，我们将于后天离开。 These days we are busy packing our suitcases and we are leaving the day after tomorrow． 5．今天下午我没空，因为我要去为一位朋友送行。 I won't be free this afternoon because I will be seeing a friend off． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $