Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Using language-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)

本讲义聚焦英语语法中的“省略”现象，系统梳理词法（介词、替代性、不定式省略）和句法（简单句、并列句、状语从句、定语从句与名词性从句省略）两大模块，构建“概念定义-典型示例-即时演练”的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握省略规则。 资料特色在于语法与语言运用深度融合，通过“补全省略句”“语法与写作”等练习提升语言能力，对比不同省略情境（如不定式中to的保留与否）培养思维品质。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生通过实例回顾查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Unit 6　Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P124] 在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。 一、词法上的省略 1．介词的省略 (1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，但保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth spend some time (in) doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth ◆The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 (2)表示一段时间或方式的短语中的for，in，by，at 等常常省略；但是在否定句或引导介词短语位于句首强调持续时间时，for一般不可省略。 ◆The big fire lasted (for) two hours. 大火持续了两个小时。 ◆You may do it (in) your own way. 你可以按照自己的方式去做。 ◆She didn't say anything for several hours. 她几个小时一句话也没说。 [即时演练1]——补全下列句中省略的介词 (1)After spending some time in looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (2)There were plenty of empty seats on that night. (3)It was quite light and at any moment now the sun would rise. (4)I have some trouble in learning English，which makes me upset. 2．替代性省略 在某些情况下，当我们省略掉某个词、词组或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。 (1)省略的动词或动词加其他成分可以用do来代替。 ◆He speaks English more fluently than you do. 他说英语比你说得流利。 (2)在believe，expect，suppose，think和it appears/seems之后，表示同意前面说过的话时可以用so代替单词(形容词、副词)、词组或句子；表示对前面说过的话加以否定时，可以用not或not...so。 ◆—Can you finish your work today? ——你今天能完成工作吗？ —I think so./I don't think so./I think not. ——我认为能。/我认为不能。 (3)“So/Nor (Neither)＋谓语/助动词＋主语”这一句型用来替代前面提到的情况，表明它也适用于后者。 ◆—I don't think I can walk any further. ——我认为我不能再走了。 —Neither can I．Let's stop here for a rest. ——我也不能了。我们在这儿停下来休息一会吧。 hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用 not 的形式，不能用not...so的形式。 ◆—The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they? ——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ —I guess not. ——我猜是没做好。 [即时演练2]——用省略结构补全句子 (1)—Will it be sunny tomorrow? —I think so(我想是的).The weather forecast said the rain would stop tonight. (2) —I'm really excited about the upcoming trip. —So am I(我也是).I can't wait to see all the beautiful scenery. (3) —Can I leave early today? — I'm afraid not(恐怕不行).We still have a lot of work to finish. 3．不定式的省略 (1)有些动词(词组)，如 want，wish，expect，hope，would like，try，forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。 ◆I asked him to eat out，but he didn't want to. 我让他去外面吃，但他不想去。 (2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面的不定式可以省去to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不可省略。 ◆I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该怎么想怎么说。 ◆It is easier to say than to do. 说比做容易。 (3)感官动词(词组)see，look at，hear，listen to，watch 等和使役动词make，let，have等后面作宾补的不定式要省略to，但在此类动词(词组)的被动语态中，to要还原。 ◆They made the boy go to bed early. 他们让这个男孩儿早睡。 ◆The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩儿被迫早睡。 (4)作介词 but，except，besides的宾语，且前面又有实义动词 do的任何形式时，后面的不定式常省略to。 ◆All he could do was nothing but wait. 他所能做的只有等待。 (5)某些形容词如pleased，glad，happy等后面的不定式常省略 to 后的内容，但to要保留。 ◆—Will you join the game? ——你愿意参加这个游戏吗？ —I'd be glad to. ——我愿意。 当省略的动词不定式内含有be或作助动词用的have的任何形式时，to后要保留be或have。 ◆He didn't come，but he ought to have. 他没来，但他应该来的。 ◆—Are you a farmer? ——你是个农民吗？ —No，but I used to be. ——不是，但我过去是。 [即时演练3]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)She is often heard to sing (sing) an English song in the classroom. (2)The city now is much noisier than it used to be(be)，which not only disturbs people's daily lives but also has a negative impact on their physical and mental health. (3) The students were made to clean(clean) the classroom after school as a punishment for making too much noise during the class. (4) All he could do was nothing but wait and see(只有等等看) if the situation improved. 二、句法上的省略 1．简单句中的省略 (1)感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。 ◆What a hot day (it is)! 多热的天啊！ (2)在口语中，某些句子成分可以省略。 ◆(Will you) Have a drink? 你喝饮料吗？ ◆(Is there) Anything else to say? 还有别的要说吗？ [即时演练4]——补全下列省略句 (1)Have a seat，please! →You have a seat，please! (2)Looks like rain. →It looks like rain. (3)Let's do the dishes.I'll wash and you dry. →Let's do the dishes.I'll wash the dishes and you dry them/the dishes. (4)Got any idea about the plan? →Have you got any idea about the plan? 2．并列句中的省略 (1)省略共同的主语或宾语。 ◆Mr Li picked up an ID card on the road and (Mr Li) handed it to a policeman. 李先生在路上捡了一张身份证，并把它交给了警察。 (2)若主语不同而助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。 ◆Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做作业。 (3)若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主语和谓语。 ◆His advice made me happy，but (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 (4)若主语不同，但谓语及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 ◆I was born in winter in 2002 and Bob (was born in winter) in 2004. 我出生于2002年的冬天，而鲍勃出生于2004年的冬天。 [即时演练5]——写出下列句中可以省略的部分 (1)Some of us study Japanese，and others study English.第二个study (2)He has been out of drinking several months，but he returned to his old way later.but后的he (3)My friend didn't come to school，but I wonder why he didn't come to school.why后的he didn't come to school 3．状语从句中的省略 (1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if/as though，as，whether等引导的状语从句中，若从句谓语是be动词的某种形式，而从句主语又跟主句的主语相同或从句主语是it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。 ◆Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street. 横穿街道的时候要当心车辆。 ◆You shouldn't go to his party unless (you are) invited. 你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。 (2)在 as/so...as...，than，however，whatever，no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。 ◆I'm taller than he (is). 我比他高。 ◆I must get it done whatever the cost (may be). 无论付出什么代价，我都要把这件事情办完。 (3)在 if it is possible，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is常可省略。 ◆If (it is) possible，lend me your dictionary tonight. 如果可能的话，今晚把你的字典借给我。 4．定语从句与名词性从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后的关系代词whom，which，that等可省略；that在先行词way后作方式状语时可省略。 ◆I don't like the way (that) you treat the girl. 我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。 ◆He is the man (whom/who/that) you can depend on. 他是你能信赖的人。 (2)在know，think，consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的则不能省略。 ◆He said (that) the text was very important and that we should memorize it. 他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该把它记下来。 (3)在由which，when，where，how，why等引导的宾语从句中，有时引导词后的从句可全部或部分省略。 ◆She will come back，but he doesn't know when (she will come back). 她会回来的，可是他不知道她什么时候会回来。 (4)在与suggest，request，order，advise(表示建议、要求、命令)等相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should 可以省略。 ◆It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film. 有人建议我们去看这部电影。 [即时演练6]——单句语法填空/写出下列句中可以省略的部分 (1)While walking(walk) along the river bank，I saw many fish swimming in the river. (2)When asked (ask) a candy，the boy shook his head as if to say (say) “no”． (3)Among the many dangers which sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.which (4)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.that (5)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.that [对应学生用书P128] reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的(→rely v.依靠；依赖；信赖) rely on/upon　依靠；信赖 rely on/upon sb to do sth＝rely on/upon sb's doing sth　依靠/相信某人做某事 rely on/upon it that...　相信……，指望…… (教材原句)So，for accurate and reliable predictions，it's best to check an official，scientific report. 所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好核实官方的科学报告。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2024·全国甲卷)Almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on/upon to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (2)He is a reliable(rely) friend who always keeps his promises and supports me when I'm in trouble. (3)I recommend you to turn to your teachers for help.You can always rely on/upon them to help/helping (help) you out when you are in trouble. (4)你可以相信我的介绍和努力会加深参观者对中国传统文化的了解。 You can rely on it that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors' understanding of traditional Chinese culture.(应用文写作之申请信) rescue v.营救，解救 n.[U]救援，营救；[C]营救行动 (1)rescue...from...　把……从……营救出来 (2)come to/go to sb's rescue＝rescue sb　营救某人 rescue team/workers　救援队/救援人员 (教材原句) Amongst all the internatinal heavy rescue teams，the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive. 在所有国际重型救援队中，中国国际搜救队是第一支抵达的国际重型救援队。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)We should take action to rescue the endangered species from extinction and protect the ecological balance. (2)When they got injured in the accident，a doctor on the bus came to their rescue(营救他们). (3)当我们最终获救时，我们感到非常轻松，欣喜万分，以至于我们中有许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。 When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.(读后续写之情绪描写) claim v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；主张；索赔 n.要求；主张，声称 (1)claim to do sth 　声称/主张做某事 claim to have done sth　声称做过某事 claim that...　声称…… (2)It is claimed that...　有人主张……；据说…… (教材原句)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time，they destroyed buildings and forests，and claimed over 256 lives. 短时间内的特大降雪摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。 [练通]——写出下列句中claim的含义/补全句子 (1)I was just about to claim my luggage at the office when a woman stopped me，claiming that she must have met me somewhere before.认领；声称 (2)Having claimed so many precious lives，the pandemic reminds us that countries must work together for our shared future.夺去(生命) (3)Don't be taken in by advertisements claiming to help (help) you lose weight in a week. (4)It is claimed that (据说) humour not only affects patients' moods，but also helps them recover faster. threaten v.威胁到，危及；威胁，恐吓(→threat n.威胁；恐吓→threatening adj.恐吓的；威胁的→threatened adj.受到威胁的，感到危险的) (1)threaten to do sth　威胁要做某事 threaten sb with sth　用某事/某物威胁某人 (2)under threat (from...)　遭到(……的)威胁 a threat to...　对……的威胁 (教材原句)It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people. 它导致了一场严重的粮食危机，威胁到超过950万人的生计。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)There are many factors threatening (threaten) animals，but in most cases it is human activities that are causing animals to be endangered. (2)The man threatened to call (call) the police if they continued making noises. (3)Water is one of our most critical resources，but around the world it is under threat. (4)只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才不会成为野生动物和地球的威胁。 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet．(应用文写作之倡议书) [对应学生用书P130] Ⅰ.将下列句子改写成省略句 1．Only some of the rescue volunteers have done a first aid course but most of the rescue volunteers haven't done a first aid course. →Only some of the rescue volunteers have done a first aid course but most haven't． 2．While I was in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace，where I was amazed at the beautiful gardens and historic buildings. →While in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace，where I was amazed at the beautiful gardens and historic buildings. 3．I'm very sorry to have hurt your feelings，but I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. →I'm very sorry to have hurt your feelings，but I didn't mean to． 4．One side of the board should be painted blue，and the other side of the board should be painted yellow. →One side of the board should be painted blue，and the other yellow． 5．When I was cooking in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring. →When cooking in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring. Ⅱ.语法与写作(使用省略结构) 1．在老人的带领下，我们毫不费力地找到了隐藏在树林中的村庄。 With the old man leading us，we had no difficulty/trouble finding the village hidden in the woods. 2．如果你有梦想，就去努力实现它。即使结果没有达到预期，也不要放弃。 If you have a dream，work at it.If it doesn't turn out as expected，don't give up. 3．如果你不参加明天的开幕式，我也不去了。 If you don't attend the opening ceremony tomorrow，neither/nor will I． 4．幽默有助于我们减轻压力，放松自我。 Humor helps us lessen our tension and relax ourselves． 5．我白天可能有空。要是有空，我会过来看你。 I may be free in daytime.If so，I will come around and see you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $