Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)

本讲义围绕《海底两万里》选段的语言学习展开核心知识点，系统梳理charge、permit等核心词汇的多义及用法，解析非限制性定语从句、独立主格结构等复杂语法，结合阅读策略培养细节理解与推理能力，构建“故事导入-文本精读-语言拓展-练习巩固”的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过词汇链（如fascinate-fascination）和语法标注（如as if虚拟语气）提升语言运用，借助隐喻分析（沙床比作carpet）发展分析评价能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可通过词汇练习、句型通关查漏补缺，强化知识内化。

Unit 5　Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas [对应学生用书P105] TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES① UNDER THE SEA In 1866，a terrible sea creature is seen by several ships.Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax and his servant②，Conseil，join a ship to find and kill the creature.After a long journey into the Pacific Ocean，the creature is finally seen.While attacking[1] from the ship，Aronnax and Conseil，along with③ the whale hunter Ned Land，fall into the sea，and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine④.They are captured and taken inside the submarine，where they meet the man in charge⑤[2]，Captain⑥ Nemo[3].Ahead of⑦ its time，the submarine is also a secret from⑧ the rest of the world.In order to keep this secret，Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted⑨ to leave the submarine.While[4] Ned Land can think only of escaping，Aronnax and Conseil are fascinated⑩ by their adventures in the new underwater world.In this part adapted from⑪ a chapter⑫ of the book[5]，Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed... [1]＝While they are attacking。 [2]where引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明the submarine，where在从句中作地点状语。 [3]用作the man in charge的同位语。 [4]在此作并列连词，意为“而，然而”。 [5]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰this part。 And now，how can I look back upon⑬ the impression left upon⑭ me by that walk under the waters⑮[6]? Words are not enough to relate⑯ such wonders！Captain Nemo walked in front，one of his men following some steps behind[7].Conseil and I remained near each other，as if an exchange of⑰ words had been possible through our metal cases[8].I no longer felt the weight of my clothes，or of my shoes，of my air supply，or my thick helmet⑱，inside which my head shook like a nut⑲ in its shell[9]. [6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the impression。 [7]独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语；one of his men与动词follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 [8]as if引导的方式状语从句，从句中使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 [9]“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明my thick helmet。此处表示“在头盔里”，所以应用介词inside。 The light，which lit⑳ the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean，astonished㉑ me by its power.The solar rays㉒shone through the watery mass easily，and consumed㉓ all colour，and I clearly distinguished㉔ objects at a distance of㉕ a hundred and fifty yards.Beyond that[10] the colours darkened㉖ into fine shades of deep blue，and gradually㉗ disappeared.Truly this water which surrounded㉘ me was but㉙ another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere，but almost as clear[11].Above me was the calm surface of the sea[12].We were walking on fine㉚，even㉛ sand，not wrinkled㉜，as on a flat shore㉝，which keeps the impression of the waves.This dazzling carpet㉞，really a reflector㉟，drove away㊱ the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity㊲，which accounted for㊳ the vibration㊴ which passed through㊵ every atom㊶ of liquid.[13]Shall I be believed when I say that，at the depth of㊷ thirty feet，I could see as if I was in broad daylight㊸[14]? [10]指代前句中的a distance of a hundred and fifty yards。 [11]本句描述了主人公对水的感受，他将海水比喻为陆地上的空气，在语言表达了运用了两种比较方式，前面用“形容词比较级＋than”的结构，后面用“as＋形容词＋as”同级比较结构(本句的形容词clear后省略了as the Earth's atmosphere)。 [12]表语提前引起的倒装。正常语序是：The calm surface of the sea was above me。 [13][写作手法]此处使用了隐喻的修辞手法，营造出强烈的画面感，将水底沙床比作carpet，进而又将它比喻为reflector，intensity在此意为“光的强度”，呼应前面的dazzling，说明海底沙床把光线强有力地反射回去。which引导的非限制性定语从句“which accounted...liquid”进一步形象生动地描述其强度，该从句中还嵌套了另一个which引导的定语从句，修饰vibration，夸张地说明了光的反射强度之大。 [14]主从复合句。主句是疑问句“Shall I be believed？”，when引导的时间状语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又包含一个as if引导的方式状语从句。 (Adaptation from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne) ①league n.[C]里格(长度单位，约等于4 000米) ②servant n.[C]仆人，佣人；雇员，职员 ③along with...与……一起 语用　主语后跟along with引导的短语时，其谓语动词的数与短语前面的主语保持一致。 ④submarine n.[C]潜(水)艇adj.海底的，水下的 ⑤in charge负责，管理 charge n.[U] 主管，负责 ⑥captain n.[C]船长；(体育运动)队长 ⑦ahead of...在……前面 ahead adv.在前面 ⑧a secret from...不让……知晓的秘密 ⑨permit vt.允许，准许，许可； vi.& vt.使有可能 词链　fascinate(vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住)——fascination(n.[C，usually sing.]魅力；[U，sing]着迷)——fascinated(adj.)——fascinating(adj.迷人的) ⑪(be) adapted from...由……改编 adapt vt.改编，改写；使适应； vi.&vt.适应(新情况) ⑫chapter n.[C]章节 ⑬look back upon/on回顾，回忆 ⑭leave an impression on/upon sb给某人留下印象 ⑮waters n.熟词生义　[pl.]海域；水域 ⑯relate vt.熟词生义　讲述 ⑰an exchange of...……的交换 exchange n.[C，U]交换，交流；[C]交谈vt.交换；兑换 in exchange (for...)作为(对……的)交换 exchange sth for sth用某物交换某物 ⑱helmet n.[C]头盔，钢盔 ⑲nut n.[C]坚果(仁) 拓展　a hard/tough nut难对付的人 a hard/tough nut to crack棘手的问题，难办的事 ⑳light vt.照亮，使明亮 注意　light的过去式和过去分词均有两种形式：lighted或lit，但lit比lighted更常用．light的过去分词在句中作表语时通常用lit。作定语时通常用lighted。如： ◆The match is lit.火柴已点燃了。 He was holding a lighted match.他手里拿着根点燃的火柴。 ㉑astonish vt.使吃惊，使惊讶 ㉒solar rays阳光 ray n.[C]光线，光束 ㉓consume vt.消耗；吃，喝 词链　consume(vt.)—consumer(n.[C]消费者，顾客，用户)——consumption(n.[U]消费；消耗量) ㉔distinguish vt.看清；认出 ㉕at a distance of...在……远的地方 in the distance在远处 ㉖darken vi.&vt.(使)变暗，变黑 ㉗gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 gradual adj.逐渐的 ㉘surround vt.环绕，围绕 ㉙but adv.熟词生义　仅仅(＝ only) ㉚fine adj.熟词生义　颗粒细微的 ㉛even adj.熟词生义　平坦的，平滑的 ㉜wrinkled adj.有皱褶的 wrinkle vt.&vi.(使)起褶皱n.[C](布料或纸上的)褶皱；皱纹 ㉝shore n.[C，U]岸，滨 ㉞carpet n.[C，U]地毯 ㉟reflector n.[C]反射物，反光板 词链　reflect(vt.反映；反射)—reflection (n.[C]反映，显示；[U]沉思)—reflector(n.) ㊱drive away赶走，驱散 ㊲intensity n.[U]强烈，剧烈； [U，C](光、声等的)强度 intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的 ㊳account for...是……的原因 ㊴vibration n.[C，U]震颤，震动 ㊵pass through穿过，通过 ㊶atom n.[C]原子 ㊷at the depth of...在……深的地方 depth n.[C，U]深，深度 ㊸in broad daylight在大白天 文化百科 《海底两万里》主要讲述了1866年，海上发现了一头疑似为独角鲸的怪物，阿龙纳斯教授及其仆人康塞尔受邀参加追捕。在这个过程中，他们与捕鲸手内德·兰德不幸落水，这时他们发现这怪物并非独角鲸，而是一艘构造奇妙的潜水艇。于是他们跟随尼摩船长乘坐着这艘潜水艇在海底进行了两万里格的探险旅行。 海底两万里 1866年，多艘船只目击到一只可怕的海洋生物。生物学家皮埃尔·阿龙纳斯教授和他的仆人康塞尔乘船出海，前去寻找并杀死这只生物。经过一段漫长的太平洋之旅，他们终于看到了这只生物。从船上发起攻击时，阿龙纳斯、康塞尔和捕鲸手内德·兰德一起掉进海里，并发现这只“生物” 实际上是一艘潜水艇。他们被抓了起来并带进潜水艇里，在那里他们见到了管理者，尼摩船长。这艘潜水艇领先于当时的时代，对于世界上其他人而言也是个秘密的存在。为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诉他的三名新乘客，他们不得离开潜水艇。内德·兰德只想着逃跑，但阿龙纳斯和康塞尔对在水下新世界进行冒险非常着迷。这部分改编自该书的其中一章，阿龙纳斯描述了他们在海底漫步的经历…… 现在，我该怎样回顾那次水下漫步给我留下的印象呢？言语无法描述这样的奇事！尼摩船长走在前面，他的一个随从跟在身后，距离他几步远。康塞尔和我彼此紧挨着，好像我们可以通过金属外壳交谈似的。我已经感觉不到我的衣服、鞋子、氧气罐和这厚厚的头盔的重量。我的头在头盔里面摇来晃去，就像果仁在壳里晃动一般。 光照亮了海面以下三十英尺(1英尺＝30.48厘米)的土壤，这股力量让我震惊。阳光毫不费力地穿过了海水，把水中的所有颜色驱散，我可以看清一百五十码(1码＝0.91米)以内的物体。再往远处，颜色呈现出渐次变深的深蓝色，接着渐渐消失。真的，在我周围的水仿佛只是另一种空气，虽然密度较地球上的空气大，但几乎一样透明。在我之上是平静的海面。脚下的沙地又细又平，并不像平坦的海滩会随着海浪而褶皱。这块令人目眩的地毯简直是一块反光板，把太阳光线强有力地反射出去，光线所经之处的每个水分子都因此而振动。如果我说，在海面以下三十英尺(1英尺＝30.48厘米)的地方，可以像在大白天一样看得很清楚，会有人相信我吗？ (改编自儒勒·凡尔纳的《海底两万里》) [对应学生用书P107] Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．charge n.主管，负责 2．ahead adv.在前面 3．chapter n.章节 4．consume v. 消耗 5．broad adj.宽阔的 6．beneath prep.在……之下，在……正下方 7．resident n.居民，住户 8．male n.雄性动物 拓展单词 9．permit v.允许，准许，许可→permission n.许可，允许 10．relate v.相联系，有关联；讲述→relation n.亲属；关联→relationship n.关系；关联 11．astonish v.使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶 12．distinguish v.看清；认出→distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的 13．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 14．surround v.环绕，围绕→surroundings n.(复)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 15．depth n.深，深度→deep adj.深的→deepen v.加深 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．in charge 主管；负责 2．look back upon 回忆，回顾 3．leave an impression on/upon 给……留下印象 4．account for 是……的原因；解释；导致；占……(比例) 5．in broad daylight 在大白天 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．独立主格结构 Captain Nemo walked in front，one of his men following some steps behind (他的一个下属跟在身后，距离他几步远). 2．as if/though引导方式状语从句 Conseil and I remained near each other，as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases (好像我们可以通过金属外壳交谈似的). 3．完全倒装 Above me was the calm surface of the sea (是平静的海面). [对应学生用书P108] Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．Why didn't Captain Nemo permit the three passengers to leave the submarine? A．To make friends with them. B．To keep the secret of the submarine. C．To make them work for him. D．To make them walk on the sea bed. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The three people fall into the sea due to the storm. B．The three people are all fascinated by their adventures under the sea. C．Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax enjoys himself while under the sea. D．Captain Nemo treats the three people badly while under the sea. 3．What does “that” refer to in the sentence “Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue...”？ A．The solar light. B．The solar rays. C．All colours. D．Objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. 4．What do we learn from the last paragraph? A．Aronnax was astonished at the power of the light B．Aronnax couldn't distinguish objects under the sea C．Aronnax felt uncomfortable while under the sea D．Aronnax felt very lonely while travelling under the sea 答案　1—4　BCDA [对应学生用书P109] [核心词汇·练透] charge n.主管，负责 v.收(费)；(向……)要价；指责，控告 (1)charge (sb) for...　为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge up　给(电池)充电 (2)in charge (of...)　管理/负责(……) in the charge of...　由……掌管 take charge of...　负责/看管…… free of charge　免费 (教材原句)They are captured and taken inside the submarine，where they meet the man in charge，Captain Nemo. 他们被俘虏，并被带进潜水艇里，在那里他们遇到了负责人，尼摩船长。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)The company charged her with using the company's money for her own purposes. (2)The shop owner charged me nothing for the noodles，and I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. (3)Professor Smith is now in charge of (负责) the company，which was once in the charge of (由……负责) Professor White. (4)他冲进我的房间，要求知道发生了什么事。 He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on.(读后续写之动作描写) permit v.允许，准许，许可 n.许可证(→permission n.许可；允许) (1)permit sb to do sth　允许某人做某事 permit doing sth　允许做某事 time/weather permitting　如果时间/天气允许的话 (2)ask for permission　请求允许 without permission　未经允许 (教材原句)In order to keep this secret，Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine. 为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诉他的三名新乘客，他们不得离开潜水艇。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)We don't permit playing (play) basketball on the playground now. (2)He permitted his son to take (take) charge of the project which was expected to be completed within one month. (3)When asked why he walked in without permission (permit)，he just stared at us and said nothing. (4) 天气允许的话，将举办冬日远足活动，让我们亲近自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。 If weather permits/Weather permitting，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students' health awareness.(应用文写作之通知) relate v.相联系，有关联；讲述(→related adj.有关系的，有关联的→relation n.[U]关系；[C]亲属) (1)relate A to B 　把A与B联系起来 relate to　与……相关；涉及，谈到 (2)be related to　与……有关 (3)in relation to　关于；涉及 (教材原句)Words are not enough to relate such wonders! 言语不足以描述这样的奇遇！ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties(性质).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) (2)The good relation(relate) between human beings and nature is one of the key aspects in building a harmonious society. (3)图书馆里与阅读相关的活动，如读书俱乐部和阅读研讨会，吸引了许多读者。 The activities (that are) related to reading in the library，such as book clubs and reading workshops，attract many readers.(应用文写作之活动介绍) astonish v.使吃惊，使惊讶(→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到吃惊的→astonishment n.惊异；惊讶) (1)It astonishes sb that...　令某人惊讶的是…… (2)be astonished to do/that...　惊讶于…… (3)to one's astonishment 　令人吃惊的是 in astonishment　吃惊地 (教材原句)The light，which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean，astonished me by its power. (阳)光照亮了海面下三十英尺处的土壤，这股力量让我震惊。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Standing in the distance，they were astonished (astonish) to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. (2)To our astonishment，the dancer finished the performance with some astonishing skills.(astonish) (3)让我惊讶的是，一直在英语上有困难的汤姆，在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。 What made me astonished was that/It astonished me that Tom，who had always struggled with English，won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.(读后续写之细节描写) distinguish v.看清；认出；使出众(→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的) (1)distinguish A from B　区分A与B；使A区别于B distinguish (between) A and B　区分A与B (2)distinguish oneself (as...)　(作为……)杰出/著名 (3)be distinguished for...　因……而著称；以……而著名 (教材原句) The solar rays shone through the watery mass easily，and consumed all colour，and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards. 阳光轻易地穿透水层，并消除了所有的色彩，我能清晰地辨认出150码以内的物体。 [练通]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 (1)Shanghai Museum，a well-known and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad，is very professional in holding painting exhibitions. (2)The twins were so much alike that it was hard to distinguish one from the other. (3)Zhang Jiajie is famous for its attractive scenery and witnesses large numbers of tourists every year. →Distinguished for its attractive scenery，Zhang Jiajie witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.(分词作状语) surround v.环绕，围绕(→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n.周围的事物；环境) (1)surround...with...　用……包围…… be surrounded by/with...　被……环绕/包围 (2)in...surroundings　在……环境中 (教材原句)Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere，but almost as clear. 真的，在我周围的海水只是另一种空气，虽然密度较地面上的空气大，但清澈程度跟地面上的空气相仿。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级 (1)Inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond, surrounded(surround) by blooming flowers.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (2)Adjusting to new surroundings (surround) can be challenging for some people when they move to a new city. (3)Go on climbing to the top of the peak，and you will see all the surrounding (surround) hills. (4)The farm is surrounded by/with (被……围绕)green trees and located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm. →Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school，with a small river flowing through the farm. (分词作状语＋with 复合结构) [重点句型·通关] as if/though引导方式状语从句 as if/though意为“好像、似乎、仿佛”，可引导方式状语从句或表语从句。 (1)若as if/though引导的从句中的内容为非真实的情况，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式有： (2)若从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实，从句用陈述语气。 (3)省略形式：as if＋名词/不定式/分词/形容词(短语)/介词短语 (教材原句)Conseil and I remained near each other，as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases.康塞尔和我彼此紧挨着，好像我们可以通过金属外壳交谈似的。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)They looked at the old photo，laughing loudly as if they had returned(return) to their carefree childhood. (2)Initially，when we discussed my opinion，I felt he was eyeing me doubtfully as if to say (say)how stupid it was. (3)天空中云层密布，仿佛即将下大雨。 The clouds are gathering thickly in the sky as if it is going to rain heavily．(读后续写之环境描写) (4)小女孩沿着小路蹦蹦跳跳，欢快地唱着歌，好像她是世界上最幸福的人。 The little girl skipped along the path，singing merrily as if she were the happiest person in the world．(读后续写之人物描写) [对应学生用书P112] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．science fiction 科幻小说 2．a sea creature 海洋生物 3．ahead of 在……前面；早于 4．keep the secret 保守秘密 5．be fascinated by 对……着迷 6．be adapted from 改编自…… 7．below the surface of the ocean 在海平面以下 8．solar rays 阳光 9．at a distance of... 在……远的地方 10．on the flat shore 在平坦的海岸上 11．drive away 赶跑 12．at the depth of 在……的深度 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．The three accused，aged between 19 and 20，are charged (指控) with attempted murder. 2．Have you read all the papers that relate (相联系) to this subject? 3．The family survived on growing seasonal plants and trees.Their life is totally surrounded (围绕) by nature and beauty. 4．我家门前矗立着一棵千年古树。(完全倒装) In front of our house stands an old tree with a history of 1，000 years. 5．看到考试的结果，我是如此绝望，以至于我感觉好像被扔进了黑暗的世界。 Seeing the result of the exam，so desperate was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness． [对应学生用书P112] 探险故事 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．after a long journey into 在……上旅行很久 2．along with the whale hunter和捕鲸人一起 3．in order to keep this secret为了保守这个秘密 4．be not permitted to leave the submarine不被允许离开潜水艇 5．clearly distinguish objects at a distance of...清晰地辨认出……(距离)以内的物体 6．the calm surface of the sea平静的海面 7．a flat shore 一处平坦的海滩 补充词汇 8．raise international awareness引起国际关注 9．flee for one's life 逃生 10．be armed with用……武装起来 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．Ahead of its time，the submarine is also a secret from the rest of the world. 这艘潜水艇是一个超越时代的发明，并且一直是一个不为人知的秘密。 2．While Ned Land can think only of escaping，Aronnax and Conseil are fascinated by their adventures in the new underwater world. 尽管内德·兰德一心想要逃离这个地方，但阿龙纳斯与康塞尔已被他们在海底新世界的奇遇深深吸引住了。 3．And now，how can I look back upon the impression left upon me by that walk under the waters? 现在，我该如何追述水下漫步给我留下的印象呢？ 4．The light，which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean，astonished me by its power. 光线照亮了海面以下30英尺的土地，这股力量使我震惊。 其他表达 5．We flew through the tunnel and got into the time machine. 我们飞过隧道，进入了时光机器。 6．I was swimming in the sea when a big shark appeared several metres away from me. 我正在海里游泳，突然一条大鲨鱼出现在离我几米远的地方。 7．The little girl came to herself and found she was still sleeping under the tree. 小姑娘苏醒过来，发现自己依然睡在树底下。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．尽管为了保守这个秘密，他们不能离开时光机器，但是他们已经被时光机器里的奇遇深深地吸引了。 In order to keep this secret，they are not permitted to leave the time machine，but they are fascinated by their adventures in the time machine. 2．看起来我们是在平静的海面上，但是一股未知的力量使我们震惊。 It seemed as if we were on the calm surface of the sea，but an unknown power astonished us 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $