Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)

本讲义围绕富兰克林风筝实验真实性探讨这一核心，系统整合课文理解、核心词汇（如attach, account, come up with）、语法点（“more than one+名词单数”作主语、同位语从句、虚拟语气）及实验报告写作，构建“输入-内化-输出”的学习支架，助力学生衔接语言知识与思维能力。 该资料以质疑精神培养思维品质，通过分析实验真实性引导学生批判性思考，结合词汇语法分层练习提升语言能力，写作模板助力学习能力发展。课中思考题促进互动探究，课后练习巩固知识，实现语言学习与思维发展的深度融合，辅助教学与学生自主查漏补缺。

Unit 3　Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas [对应学生用书P63] FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT： How Much Is True? [标题赏析]本文标题以疑问句的形式呈现，紧扣文章内容，对富兰克林著名的风筝实验的真实性进行怀疑和求证，简明扼要地说明了本文要讨论的问题，点出了文章主旨；同时设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。 Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning① has introduced② generations of children to science.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of fact[1]. [1]that引导宾语从句，suggest在此意为“表明”，故从句使用陈述语气。 The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752[2].At that time，there was much interest in electricity.People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else[3].Franklin was one of them.He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it④[4].A metal⑤ key was attached⑥ to the string.A flash of lightning⑦ hit the kite，and electricity was conducted⑧ through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock⑨.This，he said，proved that lightning was a form of electricity. [2]that引导的表语从句。 [3]if引导的宾语从句，if在此意为“是否”。 [4]“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，a piece of string 与tie之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。 For many years，schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has[5] been amazed by his bravery and his scientific⑩ approach to⑪ looking for the truth.Franklin，along with⑫ many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth⑬ and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. [5]此处属于“more than one＋可数名词单数”结构，意为“不止一个……”，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 [思考]课文中共出现了三处“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语的句子，请找出其余两处并体会该用法。 However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely⑭ true.Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place⑮[6]，more than one scientist has questioned what really happened[7].The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from⑯ the electric shock[8]. [6]although引导让步状语从句。 [7]what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。 [8]虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with⑰ his theory of gravity⑱.In fact，more than one account⑲ suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof⑳ that it hit him on the head[9]. [9]此处“that while...head”是that引导的宾语从句，该从句中又包含一个主从复合句。其中while引导让步状语从句；that it hit him on the head为同位语从句，解释说明proof的内容。 Admittedly㉑，fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always[10] believe everything we read or hear－even if it is a great story[11]. [10]部分否定。 [11]让步状语从句。 ①lightning n.[U]闪电 ②introduce vt.熟词生义　使初次了解，使尝试 introduce sb to sth使某人初次了解某事/物 ③fiction n. [C，U]虚构的事，想象的事；[U]小说 ④tie...to...将……系在……上 ⑤metal n.[C，U]金属 ⑥attach vt.系，绑；贴 ⑦a flash of lightning一道闪电 flash n.[C]闪光，闪耀 ⑧conduct vt.传导(热或电等能量) ⑨electric shock n.[C]触电，电击 ⑩ scientific adj.科学(上)的 ⑪approach to (doing) sth(做)某事的方法 拓展　表示“方式，方法”的短语荟萃： the method of/for (doing)sth(做)某事的方法 by means of...借助……方法 in a(n)...manner用……方法 ⑫along with...是短语介词，意为“与……一起”，用于连接两个并列的名词或代词。 语用　主语后跟有along with引导的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持“数”的一致。情况相同的还有together with、as well as等。 ⑬establish the truth证实真相 establish vt.熟词生义　证实，确定 ⑭ entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 ⑮take place发生。指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。 思考　我们之前还学过happen，break out，occur的用法，请说明它们的不同之处。 ⑯die from/of死于…… ⑰come up with想出，想到(主意、答案等)。相当于put forward。 ⑱gravity n.[U]重力，引力 Newton's law of gravity牛顿万有引力定律 ⑲account n.[C]叙述，描述 ⑳proof n.[U，C]证据，证明 proof of...……的证明 There is no proof that...没有证据证明…… ㉑admittedly adv.(尤用于句首)诚然，无可否认 富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？ 本杰明·富兰克林有关闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能只是杜撰，而非事实。 这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国制宪元勋兼科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。在那时，人们对于电兴趣浓厚，想要知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上绑了一根绳子，然后将其放上天。绳子上还绑着一把金属钥匙。一道闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导至钥匙上。随后富兰克林用手指触摸钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明闪电是电的一种形式。 许多年来，学校都会讲授富兰克林闪电实验的故事。数代学生都曾为他的勇敢和探索真理的科学方式而惊叹不已。富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道激励了我们，并教导我们科学实验对于证实真相并促成日后的科学发现和发明而言很重要。 然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。尽管已证实富兰克林进行了这一实验，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出过质疑。绳子和钥匙相关的细节是真的，不过科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的触摸了钥匙，他肯定会因触电而亡。 科学家经常会质疑已为人接受的观点，因为他们想要查明真相。一些科学家甚至曾质疑过苹果掉在牛顿头上而促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。事实上，不少记述表明牛顿确实受到了掉落苹果的启发，但没有证据显示苹果砸在了他的头上。 诚然，虚构的故事往往比事实更有趣。人们从富兰克林的科学探索精神受到的启发远胜于事实本身。不过，在科学领域，事实应通过实验和研究证明，我们不能全盘相信我们读到或听到的事情——哪怕它是一个精彩的故事。 [对应学生用书P65] Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．draft v.起草，草拟 2．experiment n. (科学)实验 3．metal n.金属 4．flash n.闪光 5．conduct v.传导(热、电) 6．account n.记述，描述 7．procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 拓展单词 8．declaration n.声明，宣告→declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称 9．attach v.系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，附属于→attachment n.依恋；(机器的)附件；附加装置；附属物 10．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 11．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的 12．proof n.证明，证据→prove v.证明是；被发现是 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．tie...to... 把……栓/系在……上 2．along with 与……一起；连同……一起 3．establish the truth 证实真相 4．take place发生；进行 5．die from死于 6．come up with想出； 提出 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．“more than one＋可数名词单数” 意为“不止一个……”(其作主语，谓语动词用单数形式) (1)More than one generation of schoolchildren (数代学生)has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. (2)Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place，more than one scientist (不少科学家)has questioned what really happened. 2．“neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……” However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true (这个故事以及实验细节都不完全真实). 3．(1)while引导让步状语从句 (2)that引导同位语从句 In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple (虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果)，there is no proof that it hit him on the head (苹果砸在了他的头上). 4．部分否定 But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always believe (不应该总是轻信) everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story. [对应学生用书P65] Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The role of the metal key. B．Franklin's opinion about science. C．People's different opinions on lightning. D．The purpose and process of Franklin's experiment. 2．What are people inspired by in Franklin's story? A．His touching on the metal key. B．The stormy weather with lightning. C．His bravery and scientific approach. D．The kite with a key tied to the string. 3．What is the purpose of the story of Newton? A．To show the accepted story is true. B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple. C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity. D．To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists. 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．To see is to believe. B．Every extremity is a fault. C．Books should be read with reservation. D．Imagination is the source of creation. 答案　1—4　DCDC [对应学生用书P66] [核心词汇·练透] attach v.系，绑；贴；使依恋；重视(→attached adj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于→attachment n.[C]附属物；附件；[U]爱慕；依恋) (1)attach...to...　把……附在……上；把……固定到……上 attach importance/significance to...　认为……重要/有意义 (2)be attached to　附属于；依恋 (教材原句)A metal key was attached to the string. 绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I have attached my photo to my last email，please check it in the attachment (attach). (2)They sent the injured to the hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby. (3)我们应该高度重视海洋保护，因为它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且维护了自然的平衡。 We should attach great significance/importance to ocean protection，because not only does it offer us sufficient food，but it maintains the balance of nature.(应用文写作之倡议书) come up with 提出；想出 catch up with　跟上 put up with　忍受 break up with　和……分手 keep up with　跟上；了解(消息/形势等) end up with　以……结束 make up with　和……和好 (教材原句)Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. 一些科学家甚至曾质疑过苹果掉在牛顿头上而促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。 [练通]——补全句子 (1)Would you come up with some suggestions (提出一些建议) on how to connect sentences logically? (2)Friends have to learn to put up with (忍耐)annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions. (3)Smith was walking at a very quick pace and I had to jog to keep up with him (跟上他). account n.[C]记述，描述；账目，账户vi.解释，说明；(数量上、比例上)占 (1)give an account of...描述…… on account of 　因为，由于 on no account　决不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) take account of...＝take...into account　将……考虑在内 (2)account for...　是……的原因；解释；占(一定数量或比例) (教材原句) In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不少资料表明，虽然牛顿确实受到了掉落苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果砸在了他的头上。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)He couldn't account for his strange behavior at the party，leaving everyone confused. (2)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. (3)We put off the sports meeting on account of the bad weather (由于天气不好). (4)如果你能考虑我的申请并给我机会，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account and give me the chance.(应用文写作之申请信) [重点句型·通关] that引导同位语从句 (1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，多出现在fact，news，idea，doubt，thought，question，promise，truth，report，possibility等名词的后面，解释说明名词的具体内容； (2)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导；that在从句中不作任何成分，无具体的意义，只起连接作用，但是不可省略； (3)引导同位语从句的连接词还有whether，what，which，when，where，why，how等。 (教材原句)In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不少资料表明，虽然牛顿确实受到了掉落苹果的启发，但没有证据表明这个苹果砸在了他的头上。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may be abandoned. (2)I have no idea what we can do with these waste materials in the future. (3)听到学校篮球队赢得比赛的消息，我们都很兴奋，欢呼并互相拥抱庆祝。 We were all excited at the news that our school basketball team won the game，cheering and hugging each other in celebration.(读后续写之情绪＋动作描写) 　that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别 类别 功能 引导词that的作用 同位语从句 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词内容的体现 只起连接作用，不作成分，但一般不能省略 定语从句 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语 [对应学生用书P68] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．apart from 除……外(别无)；除……外(尚有) 2．be known as 以……而出名；被称作 3．introduce sb to sth 使某人初次接触某事物 4．fly a kite 放风筝 5．attach...to ……把……附在……上；认为……有(重要性、意义) 6．a flash of lightning 一道闪电 7．an electric shock 触电 8．be amazed by /at 对……感到吃惊 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．This book has given us a vivid account (描述) of the life in the desert. 2．Bob attached (赋予) great importance to physical exercise.He goes jogging every morning. 3. 约翰和汤姆都不知道怎样拼写这个单词。 Neither John nor Tom knows how to spell the word. 4．我们希望人们认识到许多吸烟者死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 We want people to realize that many smokers die from the diseases related to smoking. 5．(2024·郑州一中期末) 我相信我们能想出一个更好的方法来解决这个问题。 I am sure we can come up with a better way to solve the problem. [对应学生用书P68] 实验报告描写 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．a famous experiment with lightning一个关于闪电的著名实验 2．get an electric shock 感受到电击 3．scientific approach to looking for the truth追寻真理时采用的科学手段 4．establish the truth 求证事实 5．come up with the theory of gravity提出万有引力定律 补充词汇 6．do/carry out the experiment做实验 7．under the instructions of sb在某人的指导下 8．take notes (of...)做(……的)记录 9．react with...与……产生反应 10．draw/come to the conclusion得出结论 11．make good preparations for the experiment为实验做好充分准备 12．do the experiment as follows按照如下做实验 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. 人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。 2．This，he said，proved that lightning was a form of electricity. 他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。 3．...more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. ……不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。 其他表达 4．The experiment is designed to prove whether air pressure really exists. 这个实验的目的是要证明是否存在大气压。 5．With the purpose of proving whether these two metals react，we are going to carry out an experiment in the lab. 为了证实这两种金属是否会发生反应，我们将在实验室进行一项实验。 6．Through the experiment，you can further learn about the theory of gravity. 通过实验，你可以进一步了解万有引力定律。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．实验的目的是找出镁(magnesium)在空气中加热后，其重量是否发生变化并做好记录。 The aim of the experiment is to find out if there's a change in weight after magnesium is heated in the air and take notes of it. 2．当所有材料都准备好了，你就可以在老师的指导下做实验了。 When all these materials are prepared，you can carry out the experiment under the instructions of the teacher. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $