Unit 4 Section 4 Reading for Writing-(配套练习)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(人教版)

[对应知能达标训练P54] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Such is Liu Yang，the first Chinese woman astronaut (航天员). 2．As a result，the gravity (引力) of the Earth is about six times as great as that of the moon. 3．We should sort out the rubbish，hoping that we might recycle (循环利用) some，which will surely benefit us a great deal. 4．Exercise is an important part of every astronaut's daily life to prevent muscle(肌肉) loss. 5．Thanks for your help with my study; I wouldn't have passed the test otherwise(否则). 6．A lack of oxygen(氧气) may have a bad influence on the brain development in the unborn child. 7．They had sufficient money to support their family after they arrived in Canada. 8．I had thought about arguing with the teacher about that，but I didn't have enough courage. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my independence (independent). 2．Having (have) a positive attitude to study is the reason why I respect you. 3．China's economy plays an important role in the global (globe) economy. 4．Lacking (lack) money，he had to take up the job even though he had no interest in it. 5．If we can use recycled (recycle) materials，we will cause less pollution to the Earth. 6．Everyone is required to work out regularly (regular) and keep healthy. 7．Though we are young and our power is limited (limit)，every effort we make counts! 8．Sending astronauts into space has helped people to find ways to solve(solve) the world's problems. Ⅲ.应用文写作——话题写作之太空探索 1．Many people attach great importance to exploring space． 许多人认为探索太空非常重要。 2．It can provide the world with many different benefits，such as developing new resources. 它可以提供给世界许多不同的益处，例如开发新资源。 3．After all，not only are our resources on the Earth limited but they are also running out． 毕竟，我们地球上的资源不仅有限而且快耗尽了。 4．However，others argue against space exploration. 然而，其他人反对太空探索。 5．Exploring space may result in many fatal problems. 探索太空也许会导致许多致命的问题。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 People hold different views on whether much money and energy should be spent on 1.exploring (explore) space. Now a number of satellites 2.are orbiting (orbit) Earth，many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis，the scientists can provide 3.useful (use) recommendations and advice for farmers.4.As a result，space­based science has helped farming in its efforts 5.to grow (grow) enough food to feed Earth's increasing population. Space exploration has a big impact on our lives.High­end products are made to a higher standard because of 6.advanced (advance) technology.Today，space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries，and everyday products such as memory foam pillows，7.and smartphone cameras，are changing our lives. Sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems.Seeing pictures of our planet as 8.an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.In order to provide for such a 9.rapidly (rapid) increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets 10.that/which could one day be our new home.All in all，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The 60­foot­tall rocket took off in West Texas，sending a group of six people into space and giving them a few minutes of weightlessness before they landed by parachute (降落伞). Most of the passengers paid a secret sum of money for their seats.But Katya Echazarreta，an engineer and science communicator，was selected by a nonprofit organization to join this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants.The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space and allow them to experience the overview effect，which was reported by astronauts who say that viewing the Earth from space gives them a great change in their view. “Looking down，you see everyone is down there，all of our past，all of our difficulties，everything—everything is there，”Echazarreta said.“When I came back down，it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want to do.” Echazarreta is the first Mexican­born woman to travel into space.She moved to the United States with her family at the age of seven.She recalled that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her she might have to repeat a grade.“It just really fueled me and after that，I just studied harder，” Echazarreta said.Later she was the main breadwinner in her family.She had sometimes up to four jobs at the same time，just to try to successfully graduate from college. She worked in NASA before and didn't see other female engineers like her，which inspired her to popularize science among the public.These days，Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University.She also has a following of more than 330，000 fans on social media，and hosts a science­focused video series. [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选中去太空，返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业，期待更多的人能体验上太空。 1．Why was Echazarreta chosen to travel into space? A．She made great efforts to set up a nonprofit organization. B．She supported the project with a big sum of money. C．She was considered to be an excellent woman. D．She was an expert in space science. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段“But Katya Echazarreta，an engineer and science communicator，...from a pool of thousands of applicants.”可知，Katya Echazarreta是一名工程师和科学传播者，且从众多的申请者中被选中去太空，由此可推断出她很优秀。故选C。 2．What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned from space travel? A．To make women scientists known to the public. B．To share the beauty of space on social media. C．To encourage the public to learn science. D．To help more people travel into space. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “当我回来的时候，这完全加强了我的愿望：继续让不同背景的人进入太空，做他们想做的任何事”可知，从太空回来之后，Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。 3．Which of the following can replace the word “fueled” in paragraph 4? A．Beat. B．Drove. C．Confused. D．Attracted. 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词所在句的后部分“and after that，I just studied harder (而且自那以后，我只是更努力地学习)”可知，老师提醒她可能要留级反而激励了她努力学习。Beat打败；Drove驱使；Confused使迷惑；Attracted吸引。故选B。 4．What kind of person is probably Echazarreta? A．Inspiring and hardworking. B．Humorous and outgoing. C．Talented and creative. D．Calm and confident. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“最近，Echazarreta正在约翰霍普金斯大学攻读工程硕士学位。她还在社交媒体上拥有超过33万粉丝，并主持了一个以科学为主题的系列视频节目”可知，Echazarreta本来就很优秀，还在攻读学位，这说明她很勤奋，而且她所做的事鼓舞人心，让大家备受鼓舞。故选A。 B Astronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole，which is located in a distant galaxy (星系).The black hole is 500 million trillion km away and was photographed by a network of eight telescopes across the world.It was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The announcement was made in Washington，Brussels，Santiago，Shanghai，Taipei and Tokyo.Details have been published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Prof Heino Falcke，of Radboud University in the Netherlands，who proposed the experiment，told BBC News that the black hole was found in a galaxy called M87.“What we see is larger than the size of our entire Solar System，” he said.“It has a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Sun.And it is one of the heaviest black holes that we think exists.It is an absolute monster，the heavyweight champion of black holes in the Universe.” The image shows an intensely bright “ring of fire”，as Prof Falcke describes it，surrounding a perfectly circular dark hole.The bright halo is caused by very heated gas falling into the hole.The light is brighter than all the billions of other stars in the galaxy combined — which is why it can be seen at such distance from Earth.The edge of the dark circle at the center is the point at which the gas enters the black hole，which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull，not even light can escape. “It is remarkable that the image we observe is so similar to that which we get from our theoretical calculations.So far，it looks like Einstein is correct once again.” said Dr Ziri Younsi，of University College London — who is part of the EHT collaboration. Chinese scientists were involved in the observation through a telescope in Hawaii.They were also highly involved in follow­up data processing and theoretical analysis，said Shen Zhiqiang，head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and a member of the EHT international team. Shanghai and Taipei were selected as two of the cities to hold news conferences，together with Washington，Brussels，Santiago and Tokyo，a recognition of China's contribution. “In the fields of astronomy，radio astronomy，and space astrophysics，China has made a significant contribution to this global project，” Falcke said. [语篇解读]　新闻报道。文章主要报道了天文学家拍摄到首张黑洞照片，并对黑洞和这张照片进行了详细说明。 5．What does the underlined word in Para.4 mean? A．Saying hello to somebody. B．A circle of light. C．Not having much distance. D．A hole in something. 解析　B　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The image shows an intensely bright ‘ring of fire’，as Prof Falcke describes it，surrounding a perfectly circular dark hole.”和后文“is caused by very heated gas falling into the hole”可知，照片上的黑洞边缘有一圈明亮的光，这圈光是由落入黑洞的高温气体造成的。由此可知，划线词意思为“一圈光”。故选B。 6．What can we learn about the black hole from Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Its large gravitational pull is so strong that light cannot escape. B．The light of its ring is as bright as all the other stars in the galaxy. C．It has a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Moon. D．It is one of the lightest black holes that exists. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“The edge of the dark circle at the center is the point at which the gas enters the black hole，which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull，not even light can escape.”可知，这个黑洞的万有引力非常大，连光线都无法逃脱。故选A。 7．Which is the role played by Chinese scientists in the experiment? A．Playing an important part. B．Leading the experiment. C．Just processing the data. D．Starting the experiment. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Chinese scientists were involved in the observation through a telescope in Hawaii.They were also highly involved in follow­up data processing and theoretical analysis”和最后一段“In the fields of astronomy，radio astronomy，and space astrophysics，China has made a significant contribution to this global project”可知，在实验中，中国科学家发挥了重要作用。故选A。 8．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A Book about Black Holes B．How Einstein Discovered a Black Hole C．How a Black Hole Is formed D．First Image of a Black Hole Taken 解析　D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Astronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole，which is located in a distant galaxy (星系).”可知，文章主要介绍了天文学家拍摄到首张黑洞照片，并对黑洞和这张照片进行了详细说明。由此可知，D选项“拍摄到的首张黑洞照片”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge.It's a long，dangerous journey.And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. 1 Launching things into space is expensive.“To get to Mars，we already have the technology，” says Michael Flynn.“The problem is，it's costly.” 2 Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff，why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship? Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide——the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space.Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it's done here on Earth—with living plants.Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food，and give off oxygen.But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. 3 Algae are tiny plants that live in water.The algae will live in bags in the walls too，fed by poop and sunlight，eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe. 4 It's compact (紧密的)，efficient，and doesn't need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down.A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature. Alas，the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space.If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect­like creatures that live in soil.When they find themselves in danger，they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out.In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. 5 A．Algae can be a good choice. B．Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft. C．But Flynn thinks he has a solution. D．So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge. E．If only we could train them to fly a spaceship. F．This onboard recycling system has many advantages. G．The more you take，the more rockets you must launch，and the more it costs. [语篇解读]　说明文。介绍了关于火星之旅的挑战、成本问题以及一种可能的解决方案——使用Water Walls回收系统，并提到了藻类作为可能的选择，以及这种系统的一些优势。 1．解析　D　根据前文“Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge.It's a long，dangerous journey.And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need.”可知，设空位于段尾是对前文的总结，所以D项“So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.”符合文意，是对前文的总结，宇航员需要带上很多东西，但是空间有限，所以充满了打包的挑战。故选D。 2．解析　C　根据第二段“Launching things into space is expensive.‘To get to Mars，we already have the technology，’ says Michael Flynn.‘The problem is，it's costly.’”可知，此处是讲述送东西到火星，成本太高；由后文“Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff，why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship？”可知，此处提出了一种解决方法。故选C。 3．解析　A　根据空处前文“Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food，and give off oxygen.But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft.”可知，植物很难在航天器中生长；由下文“Algae are tiny plants that live in water.The algae will live in bags in the walls too，fed by poop and sunlight，eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe.”可知，此处应引出藻类的话题，所以A项“Algae can be a good choice.”符合文意，提出解决方案，引出下文。故选A。 4．解析　F　设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“It's compact (紧密的)，efficient，and doesn't need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down.A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature.”可知，本段在讲述Water Walls回收系统的优点。故选F。 5．解析　E　设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Alas，the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space.If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect­like creatures that live in soil.When they find themselves in danger，they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out.In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years.”可知，此处是在讲述水熊虫这种生物对于宇宙航行的优势，所以E项“If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.”是对前文提到的水熊虫的假设，符合文意。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren't talented or clever enough.However，Scott Kelly，a former commander of the International Space Station, 1 it's wrong. As a kid，he was 2 and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well.He couldn't 3 what the teachers were saying，spending most of his time in school 4 ．Therefore，he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school，and he even thought he would never find his 5 ． That all 6 when he picked up and read The Right Stuff，Tom Wolfe's classic account of the pioneer Americans who first explored space. 7 at last，he was determined to be a(n) 8 which meant doing well in science classes.From then on he 9 to do well in it. After so many years of daydreaming，it wouldn't be easy.But he started thinking about it like a game.The more he 10 his study skills，the more he gained and the better he got. 11 ，it became a(n) 12 with himself to see how good he could get.No one was more surprised than him when a former daydreamer started getting straight A's in 13 ，which is extremely necessary to be an astronaut. So we need to stop 14 the statement that science is just too hard.If you have been told “you are not fit to learn science” or “your brain doesn't think that way”，just 15 the comments! Everyone who wants to learn this object can do so — they just have to be willing to do the work. [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章主要介绍斯科特·凯利如何从一个对学习不感兴趣的学生成长为一名优秀的宇航员的故事。 1．A.believed B．guessed C．proved D．thought 解析　C　句意：然而，国际空间站前指挥官斯科特·凯利证明这是错误的。A.believed相信；B.guessed猜测；C.proved证明；D.thought想，认为。根据下文“Everyone who wants to learn this object can do so — they just have to be willing to do the work.”可知，Scott Kelly用自己的经历证明“科学职业对于没有天赋或不够聪明的学生来说过于复杂”的观点是错误的。故选C。 2．A.absent­minded B．amazed C．devoted D．confused 解析　A　句意：小时候，他对科学和其他所有科目都不感兴趣，并且心不在焉。A.absent­minded心不在焉的；B.amazed惊讶的；C.devoted专注的，投入的；D.confused困惑的。根据下文“and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well”以及“Therefore，he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school”可知，Scott Kelly对科学和其他科目不感兴趣，而且成绩非常糟糕，说明他上课的时候总是心不在焉。故选A。 3．A.work on B．set about C．think about D．focus on 解析　D　句意：他无法集中精力听老师在说什么，他在学校大部分时间都在做白日梦。A.work on从事于；B.set about开始做；C.think about考虑；D.focus on集中注意力于。根据上文“As a kid，he was 2 and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well.”可知，Scott Kelly上课的时候总是心不在焉，所以他无法集中注意力去听老师讲课的内容。故选D。 4．A.investigating B．daydreaming C．watching D．learning 解析　B　句意：他无法集中精力听老师在说什么，他在学校大部分时间都在做白日梦。A.investigating调查；B.daydreaming做白日梦；C.watching观看；D.learning学习。根据下文“After so many years of daydreaming，it wouldn't be easy.”可知，Scott Kelly上课的时候一直在做白日梦。故选B。 5．A.advantages B．achievements C．dreams D．opportunities 解析　C　句意：因此，他的成绩很差，勉强从高中毕业，他甚至认为自己永远不会找到自己的梦想。A.advantages优点；B.achievements成就；C.dreams梦想；D.opportunities机会。根据上文“he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school”可知，Scott Kelly的学习成绩很差，因此他对自己失去了信心，认为自己无法找到自己的梦想。故选C。 6．A.finished B．realized C．happened D．changed 解析　D　句意：当他拿起并阅读了汤姆·沃尔夫的《太空先锋》时，这一切都发生了改变。A.finished完成；B.realized意识到；C.happened发生；D.changed改变，变化。根据下文“at last，he was determined to be a(n) 8 which meant doing well in science classes.From then on he 9 to do well in it.”可知，Scott Kelly受到了《太空先锋》这本书的鼓舞，决定成为一名宇航员，因此他的想法和态度都发生了改变。故选D。 7．A.Encouraged B．Disappointed C．Satisfied D．Shocked 解析　A　句意：最后，他受到鼓舞，决心成为一名宇航员，这意味着他要在科学课上表现出色。A.Encouraged受鼓舞的；B.Disappointed失望的；C.Satisfied满意的；D.Shocked震惊的。根据下文“he was determined to be a(n) 8 ”可知，Scott Kelly受到了《太空先锋》这本书的鼓舞，决定成为一名宇航员。故选A。 8．A.writer B．astronaut C．scientist D．teacher 解析　B　句意：最后，他受到鼓舞，决心成为一名宇航员，这意味着他要在科学课上表现出色。A.writer作家；B.astronaut宇航员；C.scientist科学家；D.teacher教师。根据下文“which is extremely necessary to be an astronaut”可知，Scott Kelly决心成为一名宇航员。故选B。 9．A.determined B．managed C．refused D．continued 解析　A　句意：从那时起，他决心要在科学上取得好成绩。A.determined决心；B.managed设法做到；C.refused拒绝；D.continued继续。根据上文“he was determined to be a(n) 8 which meant doing well in science classes”可知，Scott Kelly从想成为宇航员的时候起，就下定决心改变自己的学习状况。故选A。 10．A.planned B．practiced C．arranged D．applied 解析　B　句意：他越是练习学习技巧，收获就越多，成绩也变得越好。A.planned计划；B.practiced练习；C.arranged安排；D.applied应用。根据下文“the more he gained and the better he got”可知，Scott Kelly通过不断练习学习技巧来提高自己的学习能力和成绩。故选B。 11．A.Particularly B．Surprisingly C．Fortunately D．Finally 解析　D　句意：最终，这变成了一场与自己的竞赛，看看自己能变得多优秀。A.Particularly特别地；B.Surprisingly惊人地；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.Finally最终。根据上文“The more he 10 his study skills，the more he gained and the better he got”可知，Scott Kelly通过不断练习和学习逐渐提高了自己的学习能力和成绩，这个过程是一个逐步发展的过程，最终他达到了一个与自己竞赛的阶段。故选D。 12．A.exchange B．deal C．competition D．comparison 解析　C　句意：最终，这变成了一场与自己的竞赛，看看自己能变得多优秀。A.exchange交换；B.deal交易；C.competition竞赛；D.comparison比较。根据空后“with himself to see how good he could get”可知，Scott Kelly将提升自己的成绩视为一场和自己的竞赛。故选C。 13．A.school B．science C．study D．class 解析　B　句意：当一个曾经的做白日梦者开始在科学课上获得全A的成绩时，没有人比他更惊讶。A.school 学校；B.science 科学；C.study 学习；D.class 班级，课。根据上下“ 7 at last，he was determined to be a(n) 8 which meant doing well in science classes.”，Scott Kelly的目标是要成为宇航员，因此他需要在科学上取得好成绩。故选B。 14．A.commenting B．breaking C．confirming D．spreading 解析　D　句意：所以我们需要停止传播“科学太难”的说法。A.commenting评论；B.breaking打破；C.confirming确认；D.spreading传播。根据上文“Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren't talented or clever enough.”和下文“If you have been told ‘you are not fit to learn science’ or ‘your brain doesn't think that way’，just 15 the comments！”可知，此处指不要继续让这种负面观点传播下去。故选D。 15．A.apply B．ignore C．return D．handle 解析　B　句意：如果你被告诉“你不适合学习科学”或“你的大脑不是这样思考的”，那就忽略这些评论吧！A.apply 应用；B.ignore 忽略；C.return 返回；D.handle 处理。根据上文“So we need to stop 14 the statement that science is just too hard.”可知，“你不适合学习科学”或“你的大脑不是这样思考的”这样的观点是错误的，所以我们可以忽视这些评论。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $