专题15 八年级下册Unit6 Living with nature 语法、写作篇-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题15 八年级下册Unit6 Living with nature 语法、写作篇 宾语从句 一．疑问词引导的宾语从句 　　当特殊疑问句充当句子的宾语时,由原来的疑问词作为连接词,这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不可省略。疑问词引导的宾语从句也要用陈述语序。 常见连接词的含义及功能如下: 连接词 含义 功能 连 接 代 词 who 谁(主格) 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的 what 什么 which 哪个 连 接 副 词 when 什么时候 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作状语。 where 什么地方 how 怎样,如何 why 为什么 He asked them what they did at the weekend.他问他们周末做了什么。(what在宾语从句中作宾语) Do you know when he was born?你知道他是何时出生的吗?(when在宾语从句中作时间状语) 注意 连接代词who与whom都指人。who为主格,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom为宾格,在从句中作宾语。 I don't know who is playing the piano next door.我不知道谁正在隔壁弹钢琴。(who在宾语从句中作主语) Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now?你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗? (whom在宾语从句中作宾语) 二． 宾语从句的时态问题 在含有宾语从句的复合句中: (1)主句如果是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况选用时态。 主句 宾语从句 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he works in a library. 他在图书馆工作。 that he is working in a library. 他目前在图书馆工作。 that he has worked in a library since 1985. 自1985年以来,他一直在图书馆工作。 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he worked in a library last year. 去年他在图书馆工作。 that he was working in a library when we first met him. 我们第一次见到他时,他在图书馆工作。 (2)主句如果是过去时态,从句通常也用与过去有关的时态。 The teacher said that the students were having an exam. 老师说学生们正在考试。 The foreign guests told me that they had learnt a lot during their stay in China. 这些外国客人告诉我,他们在中国逗留期间学到了很多东西。 (3)当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理、客观事实或现在看来仍然是真实的情况时,从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。 Mother told me that honesty is the best policy. 妈妈告诉我诚实总是上策。 (4)在口语中,为了强调从句涉及的某一状态在说话时仍在继续,动作是习惯性的、反复出现的,动作正在进行或尚未发生时,或主从句中所发生的动作时间在同一天,两者相隔很短时,宾语从句有时也用一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。 Mary said that she usually reads a book before going to bed. Mary说她睡觉前通常会看书。 She said that she is flying to Beijing next week.她说她下周要飞往北京。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25九年级上·山东东营·期末）—Would you please tell me ? —They’re Miss White’s. A．when the robots were bought B．why the robots were made C．which city the robots were taken to D．who the robots belong to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这些机器人属于谁吗？ ——它们是怀特小姐的。 考查宾语从句。when the robots were bought机器人是什么时候买的；why the robots were made机器人为什么被制造；which city the robots were taken to机器人被带到哪个城市；who the robots belong to机器人属于谁。根据“They’re Miss White’s.”可知，此处询问机器人属于谁。故选D。 2．（24-25九年级上·四川遂宁·期末）—What did Jenny say to you just now? —She wanted to know _______. A．when will we have the art festival B．who broke the window of the classroom C．if our sports meeting will be put off D．where did I go for a picnic 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Jenny刚才对你说什么了？——她想知道是谁打破了教室的窗户。 考查宾语从句。根据“She wanted to know...”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除选项A、D；主句是一般过去时，从句时态也用相应的过去时，排除选项C。故选B。 3．（25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考）Mum asked Lucy ________. A．if could they walk along this way B．which gate they could go C．which was the way to that street D．why to have a rest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈问露西哪条路是通往那条街的。 考查宾语从句的语序和结构。在宾语从句中，应使用陈述句语序，排除A；选项B中的go后缺少介词to，表达错误；选项D是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，why后一般不接不定式，应用why引导的宾语从句，排除D。结合选项可知，只有C选项符合语境，句子是which引导的宾语从句，且是陈述语序。故选C。 4．（25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考）—Could you tell me ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. You can ask the policeman over there. A．where was the zoo B．how can I get to the zoo C．which is the way to the zoo D．is there a zoo near here 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我去动物园的路怎么走吗？——对不起，我不知道。你可以问那边的警察。 考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除ABD选项；C选项中，which作主语，is是系动词，the way to the zoo为表语，符合宾语从句的语序规则。故选C。 5．（24-25八年级下·云南文山·期末）—Can you tell me ________? —It’s YOLO (《热辣滚烫》). A．which movie do you like best B．which movie you like best C．why do you like the movie best D．why you like the movie best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪部电影吗？——是《热辣滚烫》。 考查宾语从句。句中“Can you tell me...”后跟宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后，排除A和C；根据答语“It’s YOLO.(《热辣滚烫》)”可知，问的是“你最喜欢哪部电影”，故选B。 6．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期中）I do not know ________ gold medal this is. But I know its owner must be worried. A．who B．which C．whose D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道这个金牌是谁的。但我知道它的主人一定很担心。 考查疑问词辨析。who谁；which哪一个；whose谁的；where哪里。“gold medal”金牌，为名词，根据句意，空格处需要一个能表示“谁的”的疑问代词，表示所有关系，询问金牌的归属，故选C。 7．（2024·上海·模拟预测）Alice couldn’t find out ________, so she handed it to the teacher. A．whose book was it B．who’s the book C．whose book may it D．whose book it was 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Alice找不出这是谁的书，所以她把它交给了老师。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为宾语从句，语序为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”的语序，排除选项A和C。根据“she handed it to the teacher”可知，此处指不知道这是谁的书。用whose引导宾语从句。故选D。 8．（2025九年级上·江苏南京·专题练习）—Do you know ________ the new museum will open? —Next month, I think. A．when B．where C．why D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道新博物馆什么时候开放吗？——我认为，下个月。 考查疑问词辨析。when什么时候；where在哪里；why为什么；how如何。根据答句Next month“下个月”表示时间，可知空白处需填入询问时间的疑问词。故选A。 9．（25-26八年级下·全国·开学考试）—Could you tell me ________ the nearest supermarket is? —Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing. It’s on your right. A．what B．how C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我最近的超市是在哪里吗？——沿着这条街走，在第一个十字路口左转，它在你的右边。 考查疑问词辨析。what什么；how如何；where哪里；when什么时候。根据答句“Go along this street and turn left...”可知，回答的是超市的具体位置和方向，因此应使用询问地点的疑问词where。故选C。 10．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道我怎样能保护我的眼睛。你能给我一些建议吗？——首先，你应该避免长时间看手机屏幕。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why为什么，询问原因；where在哪里，询问地点；how怎样，询问方式；which哪一个，通常用于在一定范围内进行选择。根据答语“First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.”可知，这是在给出保护眼睛的方式建议，所以问句是在询问“怎样保护眼睛”，应该用how来引导宾语从句。故选C。 11．（25-26九年级上·湖北武汉·月考）The idiom “Time and tide wait for no man” tells us ________. A．how can we achieve success B．what people do for their goals C．why we should value time D．where we can wait for the man 【答案】C 【详解】句意：习语“时不我待”告诉我们为什么我们应该珍惜时间。 考查宾语从句。how can we achieve success我们如何能取得成功；what people do for their goals人们为他们的目标做什么；why we should value time为什么我们应该珍惜时间；where we can wait for the man我们可以在哪里等那个人。分析句子，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除选项A；根据习语“Time and tide wait for no man”可知，这个习语告诉我们为什么要珍惜时间，故选C。 12．（24-25九年级上·江苏镇江·期末）The manager asked the worker _________, but he didn’t get any replies. A．how long did he stay in the office B．how could he work out the problem C．why he was late again D．whether he can help repair the machine 【答案】C 【详解】句意：经理问那个工人为什么又迟到了，但他没有得到任何答复。 考查宾语从句。how long did he stay in the office他在办公室待了多久，疑问语序；how could he work out the problem他怎么能解决这个问题，疑问语序；why he was late again他为什么又迟到了，陈述语序；whether he can help repair the machine他是否能帮忙修理这台机器，陈述语序。根据“The manager asked the worker…”可知，此处是宾语从句，应该用陈述语序，排除A、B选项；主句时态是一般过去时，从句时态遵循“主过从必过”原则，D选项为一般现在时，不符合语境。故选C。 13．（24-25八年级上·四川雅安·期末）—Peter, do you know if Tim ______ back tomorrow? —If he ______ back, I’ll let you know. A．comes; will come B．will come; comes C．comes; comes D．will come; will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——彼得，你知道蒂姆明天是否会回来吗？——如果他回来，我会让你知道。 考查宾语从句和条件状语从句的时态。分析句子“Peter, do you know if Tim…back tomorrow?”可知，第一个if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，因有tomorrow表示将来，需用一般将来时，即填will come；分析句子“If he…back, I’ll let you know.”可知，第二个if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，需用一般现在时，即填comes。故选B。 14．（25-26九年级上·吉林长春·月考）The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．travel B．travels C．travelled D．travelling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 考查动词时态。根据句子结构可知，“that light...faster than sound”为宾语从句，在宾语从句中，当描述的是客观事实或普遍真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。本句描述的是光传播速度比声音快这一客观事实，所以从句用一般现在时，主语“light”为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“travels”。故选B。 15．（2025九年级上·江苏镇江·专题练习）—Do you know ________? —In two days. A．when will the meeting start B．when the meeting started C．when does the meeting start D．when the meeting will start 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道会议什么时候开始吗？——在两天后。 考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know...?”可知，空格处应为宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，故排除A和C；根据答句“In two days”可知，表示将来时间，故宾语从句需用一般将来时。故选D。 16．（云南省丽江市2025年初中毕业生英语第一次模拟检测试卷）— Can you tell me __________? — Sure. I run every morning and play basketball on weekends. A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何保持健康的吗？ ——当然。我每天早上跑步，周末打篮球。 考查宾语从句语序。宾语从句中必须使用陈述句语序 (主语+谓语)。选项B和C错误地使用了疑问句语序；据回答“I run every morning and play basketball on weekends.”可知，内容描述的是保持健康的方式，而非单纯锻炼时间，因此询问“如何保持健康”更贴合语境。故选A。 17．（江苏省泰州市初级中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期第二次模拟测试英语试题）The two-hour documentary describes _________ in the future. A．how Suzhou will be like B．what will Suzhou be like C．how Suzhou will be D．what Suzhou will like 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这部两小时的纪录片描述了苏州未来会是什么样子。 考查宾语从句。how Suzhou will be like中“how”与“be like”搭配不当；what will Suzhou be like，使用了疑问句语序，错误；how Suzhou will be，用于询问事物状态，且使用了陈述语序；what Suzhou will like中“like”为动词，意为“喜欢”，不符合语境，所以C项符合。故选C。 18．（25-26七年级上·北京·月考）I ________ to interrupt others while they are talking. A．think it is not polite B．don’t think it is polite C．think it’s polite D．don’t think it’s not polite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为在别人说话时打断他们是不礼貌的。 考查否定前移。根据“to interrupt others while they are talking.”以及常识可知，“打断别人说话”这一行为是不礼貌的，因此排除C/D；在英语中，当“think”的主语是第一人称，且“think”后接宾语从句表示否定意义时，通常否定前移，即把否定词放在主句的谓语动词前，而宾语从句用肯定形式。故选B。 19．（24-25八年级下·全国·课后作业）—Chinese is too hard for Tom. —Really? But I  ________ it ________ a problem if he works hard. A．think; will be B．think; isn’t C．don’t think; will be D．don’t think; won’t be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——中文对汤姆来说太难了。——真的吗？但如果他努力学习，我认为这不是问题。 考查宾语从句。在think后的宾语从句中，主语是第一人称，从句是否定时要转移，即主句否定而从句肯定；后半句的条件状语从句“if he works hard”表示假设，主句需用一般将来时will be。选项C的“will be”符合语法逻辑，而选项D的“won’t be”与“don’t think”形成双重否定，导致语义矛盾。故选C。 二．完成句子 1．（24-25八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）我不确定他是否能赢得这场比赛 。       I am not sure he can win the match not. 【答案】 whether or 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“是否”的翻译，结合所给的空格数量及句中末尾处“not”可知，此处用whether...or not表示“是否”。故填whether；or。 2．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期中）你能告诉我咱们明天什么时候出发吗？ Could you tell me tomorrow? 【答案】 when we will leave 【详解】中英对照可知，空处意为“咱们什么时候出发”，we“我们”，when“何时”，will“将要”，leave“出发”；根据“Could you tell me”可知，本句是包含宾语从句的主从复合句，在英语中，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故填when；we；will；leave。 3．（24-25八年级下·全国·随堂练习）你知道昨天学校里发生什么事了吗？ Did you know at the school yesterday? 【答案】 what happened 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“发生了什么事”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查宾语从句，应用what引导宾语从句，同时作从句的主语；happen“发生”，动词；又根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式happened。故填what；happened。 4．（24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业）——你知道它们是怎样走路的吗？ ——不知道。 —Do you know they ? —No, I don’t know. 【答案】 how walk 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“怎样”和“走路”。此句为宾语从句，时态遵循“主现从不限”，空处位于从句，且语序为陈述句语序，表经常性、习惯性动作用一般现在时。how“怎样”，walk“走路”，动词，主语为they，动词walk用原形。故填how；walk。 5．（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）老师告诉我们本次学校旅行取决于天气。 Our teacher told us that the school trip the weather. 【答案】 depended on 【详解】结合中文提示可知，此处缺少depend on“取决于”，是固定短语，结合“told”可知，动词用过去式，故填depended；on。 6．（23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期末）你知道在哪里我能买到吃的东西？ Do you know where buy something to eat? 【答案】 I can 【详解】此处是where引导的宾语从句，I“我”，can“能”。故填I；can。 7．（23-24八年级下·全国·课前预习）我认为他们不允许人们在湖里游泳。 I think they people in the lake. 【答案】 don’t allow to swim 【详解】allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，swim“游泳”，think后接的宾语从句，用否定迁移，think是实义动词，主语是I，谓语的否定形式为don’t think，故填don’t；allow；to；swim。 8．（23-24八年级下·广东·课前预习）史密斯先生，我得提醒你10分钟后有个会议。 Mr. Smith, I have to you you’ll have a meeting in ten minutes. 【答案】 remind that 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺“提醒”，其对应的英文表达为remind，动词，不定式to后应用其动词原形，故第一空应用remind；且“you’ll have a meeting in ten minutes”为宾语从句，表示补充说明提醒的内容，remind sb. that意为“提醒某人某事”，第二空应用that引导宾语从句。故填remind；that。 9．（23-24八年级下·广东·课后作业）我要浏览一下报纸，看看昨天发生了什么事。 I will look through the newspaper to see yesterday. 【答案】 what happened 【详解】分析句子，设空处缺“发生了什么”。what“什么”；happen“发生”，结合“yesterday”可知时态为一般过去时，动词happen用过去式。故填what；happened。 10．（23-24八年级下·贵州铜仁·期中）我问妈妈我们能否在家举办一次派对。 I asked my mother whether have a party at hone. 【答案】 I could 【详解】分析句子，该句是宾语从句，应该使用陈述语气。I我；结合“I asked my mother”可知，从句也应该用过去时，could能。故填I；could。 11．（22-23八年级下·湖北黄石·期末）我能做自己喜欢做的事情的同时还能帮助别人。 I can do I love to and at the same time. 【答案】 what do help others 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺少“所……的”，英语用what，此处引导宾语从句，love to do“喜欢做”，help others“帮助别人”，此处是and连接的并列部分，第三空与第一空前的do并列，也用动词原形，故填what；do；help；others。 写作精讲 本单元的话题是“人与自然”,要求学生根据所给的提示内容写一篇以“人与自然”为主题的书面表达。该话题常见的体裁是记叙文、说明文和应用文,通常涉及的细分话题有:①介绍如何保护地球或环境;②介绍如何保护野生动物;③讲述自己和大自然有关的一次经历和感受。 写作实例 　　近年来,世界多地自然灾害频发,引起了全球对地球保护的思考。请以“The Earth Is Our Home”为题,写一篇以“保护地球”为话题的短文。 　　要点提示:(1)现状(cut down too many trees;kill a lot of wild animals;more natural disasters) (2)我们应该如何做? 　注意:(1)必须包含上述信息,可适当发挥;(2)词数100左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。 The Earth Is Our Home The Earth is our home and we only have one Earth. 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文。    2.时态:以一般现在时为主。    3.人称:第一、三人称。 4.必备词句: （1）in danger 处于危险中; （2）wild animal 野生动物; （3）natural disaster 自然灾害; （4）around the world 遍及全世界; （5）make laws 制定法律; （6）live a green life 过环保的生活; （7）set up 成立; （8）stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事; （9）plant crops 种植庄稼; （10）plastic bag 塑料袋; （11）food chain 食物链; （12）clean up 打扫干净; （13）turn off lights 关灯 （14）save energy 节约能源; （15）People cut down too many trees to make space for buildings and farmlands. 人们砍伐了太多的树木,为楼房和农田腾出空间。 （16）We’re never too young to change the world. 我们永远不会因为太年轻而无法改变世界。 （17）Everyone knows that climate change is a big problem for the Earth. 所有人都知道气候变化对地球来说是一个大问题。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 The Earth Is Our Home The Earth is our home and we only have one Earth. However, our Earth is in danger now. There are some reasons why the Earth is in danger. People cut down too many trees to make space for buildings and farmlands. People kill a lot of wild animals for their fur, bones and some other parts of their bodies. Also, more and more natural disasters happen around the world every year. It’s time for us to save the Earth now. First, the government should make laws to stop these people. Second③, we shouldn't buy fur coats any more. Lastly, we should live a green life to save energy. In these ways, I believe our Earth will be better. 随堂训练 （1） 　　你校自然爱好者协会正在招募新成员,假如你是李平,请根据以下信息提示,给协会主席写一封英文申请信,申请加入该协会。 　　内容要点:1.Personal information;2.Beautiful nature; 3.Environmental problems;4.Active action。 　　注意:1.词数120左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数; 2.申请信需包括提供的所有信息,可适当发挥,使申请信连贯、通顺。 Dear Chairperson, 　　I would like to join the Nature Lovers Society. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Li Ping 【答案】 Dear Chairperson, I would like to join the Nature Lovers Society. 　　First, let me introduce myself. I’m Li Ping. I’m a Grade 8 student. I like reading books about biology in my free time. 　　Every weekend, I go out for a walk with my family. Green trees, beautiful flowers and even grass on both sides of the roads are the beautiful things that catch our eyes. Sometimes we see some lovely small animals and hear birds singing. 　　But sadly, we know that some people cut down too many trees and hunt some wild animals for money. That’s the reason why I want to be a nature protector of the Nature Lovers Society. I will design posters to tell more people how important it is to protect our nature. What’s more, I will plant more trees with my family. If I can become a member of the Nature Lovers Society, I will be very happy. You can call me at 2865666 or email me at liping@edu.com. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Li Ping （2） 每年的4月22日是“世界地球日”,节约资源、保护环境是每个人义不容辞的责任。作为中学生,我们应从学校和家庭入手,从自己做起,从小事做起,让自己的家和学校更绿色、更美丽。请以“我可以做些什么让我的　　　更绿色、更美丽”为题,写一篇不少于60词的短文。 内容提示: 1.What resources can you save? 2.What can you do to protect the environment? 要求:短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名及其他相关信息。 Things I Can Do To Make My 　     Greener And More Beautiful 【答案】 Things I Can Do To Make My School   Greener And More Beautiful We should protect the environment because the Earth is our home and it is our duty to protect it. As for the students, everyone must do something to protect the school environment. First of all, when I don't need the light, I will turn it off immediately. What's more, I will never litter in the school. Finally, I will use both sides of the paper as much as possible.　 　　In a word, I will try my best to protect the school environment. I believe that everyone can help make the Earth a better place. （3） 假如你是李雷，你们班级正就“保护地球，从我做起”这一话题开展征文。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。请根据表格内容，谈谈你周边的环境问题，在保护环境方面你通常是怎么做的，以及你这样做的感受。 环境问题 不关灯、不关水、乱扔垃圾、工厂排污水、汽车尾气…… 采取措施 节约水电、绿色出行、绿色购物、回收利用…… 感想 自己对环境保护的认识 …… 提示词语：减少reduce；尾气gas Many people pay little attention to protecting our environment, so pollution is more and more serious. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Many people pay little attention to protecting our environment, so pollution is more and more serious. Some people waste water, food, and other things. As a student, I always remember these three words: reduce, reuse, recycle. For example, I turn off the lights when I leave the room and I turn off the tap when I brush my teeth. I don’t use paper cups in my daily life. We often collect plastic bottles in our classroom. What’s more, I always take a bus to school instead of asking my parents to drive me. I feel happy to do these things, because I believe if everyone of us does a little, we will make a difference to our environment. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意要点齐全，可适当补充。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出话题，介绍环境问题； 第二步，介绍环保措施； 第三步，介绍自己对环境保护的认识。 [亮点词汇] ①recycle循环利用 ②turn off关闭 ③What’s more此外 [高分句型] ①For example, I turn off the lights when I leave the room and I turn off the tap when I brush my teeth. (when引导时间状语从句) ②I feel happy to do these things, because I believe if everyone of us does a little, we will make a difference to our environment. (because引导原因状语从句) （4） 世界地球日即将来临，为增加学生的环保知识，提升保护树木的意识，学校环保社团正在举行“保护树木，爱护地球”为主题的英文演讲比赛活动。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点，完成一篇演讲稿，号召大家一起行动起来，保护树木。 The importance (重要性) of trees 1. clean the air 2.（请自行补充1-2点） The problem cut down lots of trees Ways to protect trees 1. Plant more trees 2.（请自行补充1-2点） 要求： 1. 70词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥： 3.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范： 4.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名。 Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. I am glad to speak here today. I would like to talk about protecting trees and helping the Earth. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. I am glad to speak here today. I would like to talk about protecting trees and helping the Earth. Trees are crucial because they clean the air, making it fresh for us to breathe. Also, they provide habitats for countless animals and prevent soil erosion. However, many trees are being cut down. To protect trees, we can plant more trees. Besides, we should recycle paper to reduce the need for cutting trees. And we must stop illegal logging. Let’s take action now to protect our trees and the Earth. 【详解】［总体分析］ ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿。 ②时态：主要运用“一般现在时”。 ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏题目要求中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 ［写作步骤］ 第一步，表明写作意图。直接点明演讲主题是关于保护树木和帮助地球。 第二步，具体阐述。先从树木对环境和生物的多方面益处进行阐述，强调树木的不可或缺性；再指出树木被砍伐的现状，引发听众对问题的关注；接着详细说明保护树木的具体行动，使听众清楚了解可以采取的措施。 第三步，书写结语。以呼吁的方式，鼓励大家立刻行动起来。 ［亮点词汇］ ①provide...for...为……提供…… ②cut down砍伐 ③take action采取行动 ［高分句型］ Trees are crucial because they clean the air, making it fresh for us to breathe.（because引导原因状语从句） （5） 你的老师Miss Lin要求你们以小组为单位写一篇主题为保护动植物的倡议性文章，以下是你们小组成员的观点，请根据以下表格要点提示，完成作文。 Protect Man’s Best Friend Jim 动物帮助我们做很多事情，动物给人提供食物 Anna 植物清新空气，使生活更便利 你的观点 动物……（请补充至少一个点） 植物……（请补充至少一个点） 你们的倡议 停止伤害、砍伐 保护动植物，让地球更美好 注意： 1. 作文必须包括表格所有信息； 2. 词数：80词左右； 3. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 Protect Man’s Best Friend Animals and plants are our best friends. They help us a lot in our daily lives. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 Protect Man’s Best Friend Animals and plants are our best friends. They help us a lot in our daily lives. Here are the opinions of our group members. Jim says that animals help us do many things, animals provide food for people. Anna says that plants freshen the air and make our life more convenient. In my opinion, animals are our good friends, so we should get along with them. The plants provide us with food, so they are so important for us. We should stop harming animals and cutting down trees. In a world, we have only one earth so we should coexist peacefully! Let’s protect animals and plants, make the earth a better place. 【详解】[总体分析] 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注心不要遗漏“信息提示”中保护动植物的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图借用“简单介绍保护动植物”来引出重点介绍的内容； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容，从“Jim的观点、Anna的观点、你的观点、你们的倡议等”几个方面重点介绍保护动植物的具体情况； 第三步，书写结语表达“保护动植物，让地球更美好”的愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①daily live日常生活 ②provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物 ③stop doing停止做某事 [高分句型] ①Here are the opinions of our group members.（here be句型） ②Let’s protect animals and plants, make the earth a better place.（let’s引导的祈使句） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15 八年级下册Unit6 Living with nature 语法、写作篇 宾语从句 一．疑问词引导的宾语从句 　　当特殊疑问句充当句子的宾语时,由原来的疑问词作为连接词,这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不可省略。疑问词引导的宾语从句也要用陈述语序。 常见连接词的含义及功能如下: 连接词 含义 功能 连 接 代 词 who 谁(主格) 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的 what 什么 which 哪个 连 接 副 词 when 什么时候 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作状语。 where 什么地方 how 怎样,如何 why 为什么 He asked them what they did at the weekend.他问他们周末做了什么。(what在宾语从句中作宾语) Do you know when he was born?你知道他是何时出生的吗?(when在宾语从句中作时间状语) 注意 连接代词who与whom都指人。who为主格,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom为宾格,在从句中作宾语。 I don't know who is playing the piano next door.我不知道谁正在隔壁弹钢琴。(who在宾语从句中作主语) Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now?你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗? (whom在宾语从句中作宾语) 二． 宾语从句的时态问题 在含有宾语从句的复合句中: (1)主句如果是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况选用时态。 主句 宾语从句 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he works in a library. 他在图书馆工作。 that he is working in a library. 他目前在图书馆工作。 that he has worked in a library since 1985. 自1985年以来,他一直在图书馆工作。 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he worked in a library last year. 去年他在图书馆工作。 that he was working in a library when we first met him. 我们第一次见到他时,他在图书馆工作。 (2)主句如果是过去时态,从句通常也用与过去有关的时态。 The teacher said that the students were having an exam. 老师说学生们正在考试。 The foreign guests told me that they had learnt a lot during their stay in China. 这些外国客人告诉我,他们在中国逗留期间学到了很多东西。 (3)当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理、客观事实或现在看来仍然是真实的情况时,从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。 Mother told me that honesty is the best policy. 妈妈告诉我诚实总是上策。 (4)在口语中,为了强调从句涉及的某一状态在说话时仍在继续,动作是习惯性的、反复出现的,动作正在进行或尚未发生时,或主从句中所发生的动作时间在同一天,两者相隔很短时,宾语从句有时也用一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。 Mary said that she usually reads a book before going to bed. Mary说她睡觉前通常会看书。 She said that she is flying to Beijing next week.她说她下周要飞往北京。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25九年级上·山东东营·期末）—Would you please tell me ? —They’re Miss White’s. A．when the robots were bought B．why the robots were made C．which city the robots were taken to D．who the robots belong to 2．（24-25九年级上·四川遂宁·期末）—What did Jenny say to you just now? —She wanted to know _______. A．when will we have the art festival B．who broke the window of the classroom C．if our sports meeting will be put off D．where did I go for a picnic 3．（25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考）Mum asked Lucy ________. A．if could they walk along this way B．which gate they could go C．which was the way to that street D．why to have a rest 4．（25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考）—Could you tell me ________? —Sorry, I don’t know. You can ask the policeman over there. A．where was the zoo B．how can I get to the zoo C．which is the way to the zoo D．is there a zoo near here 5．（24-25八年级下·云南文山·期末）—Can you tell me ________? —It’s YOLO (《热辣滚烫》). A．which movie do you like best B．which movie you like best C．why do you like the movie best D．why you like the movie best 6．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期中）I do not know ________ gold medal this is. But I know its owner must be worried. A．who B．which C．whose D．where 7．（2024·上海·模拟预测）Alice couldn’t find out ________, so she handed it to the teacher. A．whose book was it B．who’s the book C．whose book may it D．whose book it was 8．（2025九年级上·江苏南京·专题练习）—Do you know ________ the new museum will open? —Next month, I think. A．when B．where C．why D．how 9．（25-26八年级下·全国·开学考试）—Could you tell me ________ the nearest supermarket is? —Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing. It’s on your right. A．what B．how C．where D．when 10．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes. Can you give me some advice? —First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 11．（25-26九年级上·湖北武汉·月考）The idiom “Time and tide wait for no man” tells us ________. A．how can we achieve success B．what people do for their goals C．why we should value time D．where we can wait for the man 12．（24-25九年级上·江苏镇江·期末）The manager asked the worker _________, but he didn’t get any replies. A．how long did he stay in the office B．how could he work out the problem C．why he was late again D．whether he can help repair the machine 13．（24-25八年级上·四川雅安·期末）—Peter, do you know if Tim ______ back tomorrow? —If he ______ back, I’ll let you know. A．comes; will come B．will come; comes C．comes; comes D．will come; will come 14．（25-26九年级上·吉林长春·月考）The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．travel B．travels C．travelled D．travelling 15．（2025九年级上·江苏镇江·专题练习）—Do you know ________? —In two days. A．when will the meeting start B．when the meeting started C．when does the meeting start D．when the meeting will start 16．（云南省丽江市2025年初中毕业生英语第一次模拟检测试卷）— Can you tell me __________? — Sure. I run every morning and play basketball on weekends. A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise 17．（江苏省泰州市初级中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期第二次模拟测试英语试题）The two-hour documentary describes _________ in the future. A．how Suzhou will be like B．what will Suzhou be like C．how Suzhou will be D．what Suzhou will like 18．（25-26七年级上·北京·月考）I ________ to interrupt others while they are talking. A．think it is not polite B．don’t think it is polite C．think it’s polite D．don’t think it’s not polite 19．（24-25八年级下·全国·课后作业）—Chinese is too hard for Tom. —Really? But I  ________ it ________ a problem if he works hard. A．think; will be B．think; isn’t C．don’t think; will be D．don’t think; won’t be 二．完成句子 1．（24-25八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）我不确定他是否能赢得这场比赛 。       I am not sure he can win the match not. 2．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期中）你能告诉我咱们明天什么时候出发吗？ Could you tell me tomorrow? 3．（24-25八年级下·全国·随堂练习）你知道昨天学校里发生什么事了吗？ Did you know at the school yesterday? 4．（24-25七年级下·全国·课后作业）——你知道它们是怎样走路的吗？ ——不知道。 —Do you know they ? —No, I don’t know. 5．（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）老师告诉我们本次学校旅行取决于天气。 Our teacher told us that the school trip the weather. 6．（23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期末）你知道在哪里我能买到吃的东西？ Do you know where buy something to eat? 7．（23-24八年级下·全国·课前预习）我认为他们不允许人们在湖里游泳。 I think they people in the lake. 8．（23-24八年级下·广东·课前预习）史密斯先生，我得提醒你10分钟后有个会议。 Mr. Smith, I have to you you’ll have a meeting in ten minutes. 9．（23-24八年级下·广东·课后作业）我要浏览一下报纸，看看昨天发生了什么事。 I will look through the newspaper to see yesterday. 10．（23-24八年级下·贵州铜仁·期中）我问妈妈我们能否在家举办一次派对。 I asked my mother whether have a party at hone. 11．（22-23八年级下·湖北黄石·期末）我能做自己喜欢做的事情的同时还能帮助别人。 I can do I love to and at the same time. 写作精讲 本单元的话题是“人与自然”,要求学生根据所给的提示内容写一篇以“人与自然”为主题的书面表达。该话题常见的体裁是记叙文、说明文和应用文,通常涉及的细分话题有:①介绍如何保护地球或环境;②介绍如何保护野生动物;③讲述自己和大自然有关的一次经历和感受。 写作实例 　　近年来,世界多地自然灾害频发,引起了全球对地球保护的思考。请以“The Earth Is Our Home”为题,写一篇以“保护地球”为话题的短文。 　　要点提示:(1)现状(cut down too many trees;kill a lot of wild animals;more natural disasters) (2)我们应该如何做? 　注意:(1)必须包含上述信息,可适当发挥;(2)词数100左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。 The Earth Is Our Home The Earth is our home and we only have one Earth. 审题指导 1.体裁:说明文。    2.时态:以一般现在时为主。    3.人称:第一、三人称。 4.必备词句: （1）in danger 处于危险中; （2）wild animal 野生动物; （3）natural disaster 自然灾害; （4）around the world 遍及全世界; （5）make laws 制定法律; （6）live a green life 过环保的生活; （7）set up 成立; （8）stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事; （9）plant crops 种植庄稼; （10）plastic bag 塑料袋; （11）food chain 食物链; （12）clean up 打扫干净; （13）turn off lights 关灯 （14）save energy 节约能源; （15）People cut down too many trees to make space for buildings and farmlands. 人们砍伐了太多的树木,为楼房和农田腾出空间。 （16）We’re never too young to change the world. 我们永远不会因为太年轻而无法改变世界。 （17）Everyone knows that climate change is a big problem for the Earth. 所有人都知道气候变化对地球来说是一个大问题。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 The Earth Is Our Home The Earth is our home and we only have one Earth. However, our Earth is in danger now. There are some reasons why the Earth is in danger. People cut down too many trees to make space for buildings and farmlands. People kill a lot of wild animals for their fur, bones and some other parts of their bodies. Also, more and more natural disasters happen around the world every year. It’s time for us to save the Earth now. First, the government should make laws to stop these people. Second③, we shouldn't buy fur coats any more. Lastly, we should live a green life to save energy. In these ways, I believe our Earth will be better. 随堂训练 （1） 　　你校自然爱好者协会正在招募新成员,假如你是李平,请根据以下信息提示,给协会主席写一封英文申请信,申请加入该协会。 　　内容要点:1.Personal information;2.Beautiful nature; 3.Environmental problems;4.Active action。 　　注意:1.词数120左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数; 2.申请信需包括提供的所有信息,可适当发挥,使申请信连贯、通顺。 Dear Chairperson, 　　I would like to join the Nature Lovers Society. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Li Ping （2） 每年的4月22日是“世界地球日”,节约资源、保护环境是每个人义不容辞的责任。作为中学生,我们应从学校和家庭入手,从自己做起,从小事做起,让自己的家和学校更绿色、更美丽。请以“我可以做些什么让我的　　　更绿色、更美丽”为题,写一篇不少于60词的短文。 内容提示: 1.What resources can you save? 2.What can you do to protect the environment? 要求:短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名及其他相关信息。 Things I Can Do To Make My 　     Greener And More Beautiful （3） 假如你是李雷，你们班级正就“保护地球，从我做起”这一话题开展征文。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。请根据表格内容，谈谈你周边的环境问题，在保护环境方面你通常是怎么做的，以及你这样做的感受。 环境问题 不关灯、不关水、乱扔垃圾、工厂排污水、汽车尾气…… 采取措施 节约水电、绿色出行、绿色购物、回收利用…… 感想 自己对环境保护的认识 …… 提示词语：减少reduce；尾气gas Many people pay little attention to protecting our environment, so pollution is more and more serious. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （4） 世界地球日即将来临，为增加学生的环保知识，提升保护树木的意识，学校环保社团正在举行“保护树木，爱护地球”为主题的英文演讲比赛活动。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点，完成一篇演讲稿，号召大家一起行动起来，保护树木。 The importance (重要性) of trees 1. clean the air 2.（请自行补充1-2点） The problem cut down lots of trees Ways to protect trees 1. Plant more trees 2.（请自行补充1-2点） 要求： 1. 70词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥： 3.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范： 4.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名。 Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. I am glad to speak here today. I would like to talk about protecting trees and helping the Earth. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （5） 你的老师Miss Lin要求你们以小组为单位写一篇主题为保护动植物的倡议性文章，以下是你们小组成员的观点，请根据以下表格要点提示，完成作文。 Protect Man’s Best Friend Jim 动物帮助我们做很多事情，动物给人提供食物 Anna 植物清新空气，使生活更便利 你的观点 动物……（请补充至少一个点） 植物……（请补充至少一个点） 你们的倡议 停止伤害、砍伐 保护动植物，让地球更美好 注意： 1. 作文必须包括表格所有信息； 2. 词数：80词左右； 3. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 Protect Man’s Best Friend Animals and plants are our best friends. They help us a lot in our daily lives. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $