专题14 八年级下册Unit6 Living with nature 课内解析篇-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题14 八年级下册Unit6 Living with nature 课内解析篇 课文解析1 1 It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me.I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking anew interest in the ancient wisdom. In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to. our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". They help people understand why nature works this way.Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings,too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. 1.Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees.活泼的鸟儿在树上唱着甜美的歌。（教材P85） sweetly /swi:tli/ adv.悦耳动听地，好听地 由“sweet（adj. 悦耳的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 She sang sweetly, and everyone in the room stopped to listen.她唱得悦耳动听，房间里所有人都停下来聆听。 sweet的常见用法： 2.I’m so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom.我很高兴看到许多人，尤其是年轻人，正在对古老的智慧产生新的兴趣。（教材P85） （1）especially与specially especially 尤其；特别 常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充，后跟名词、代词、介词短语或从句等。该词不用于句首。 specially 专门；特地 多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事，可修饰动词、形容词或副词。 It is hot here in summer, especially this summer, so I went specially to the mall to buy an air conditioner yesterday.这儿的夏天很热，尤其是今年夏天，所以我昨天特地去商场买了一台空调。 （2）wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n.智慧，知识，学问 Xuankong Temple shows the ancient Chinese wisdom in both engineering and design.悬空寺展现了古代中国在工程和设计方面的智慧。 She made a very wise decision. 她做了一个非常明智的决定。 You need to manage your time wisely. 你需要明智地管理你的时间。 3.In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings.在我的帖子下面的数百条评论中，其他人也分享了类似的回忆和感受。（教材P85） below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep.在……的下面 表示低于某一数量或水平，还可表示低于某一地点或位置。其反义词为above“高于；在……上面”。 At over 152 metres below the surface of the water, the daylight is almost gone. 在水面以下超过152米处，日光几乎完全消失。 We are flying above the clouds.我们正在云层上面飞行。 辨析below与under below 表示在某物的下方,但不一定是在正下方 反义词:above under 表示在某物的正下方 反义词:over ［副词］在下面；以下 For more information, see below.详情请看下面。 4.The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China”.二十四节气被称为“中国的第五大发明”。（教材P85） be known as 以……而闻名 其后可接表示职业、称呼或身份地位的名词。 He was known as a writer.他以作家的身份而闻名。 This special plant, known as seagrass, grows in the ocean.这种特殊的植物，被称为海草，生长在海洋中。 5.People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities.人们会用传统活动来庆祝它们的到来。（教材P85） arrival /əˈraɪvəl/ n.到来 是arrive（v.到达；到来）的名词形式。 His arrival brought us a lot of joy. 他的到来给我们 带来了很多欢乐。 We are sorry for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车晚点感到抱歉。 拓展［可数名词］到达者；［不可数名词］（新技术、新思想的）引进，推行 The first arrivals at the concert got the best seats. 最早来到音乐会的人坐上了最好的座位。 The arrival of AI has changed our lives. 人工智能的推行改变了我们的生活。 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.My parents are busy ____________(work) on weekends. 2.I met a _____________(village) on my way. Then I asked her the way to Sunshine Farm. 3.Lily said she would arrive soon. We are all looking forward to her ____________(arrive). 4.You can relax here. Sometimes you may hear the birds sing songs ____________(sweet). 【答案】1.working    2.villager    3.arrival    4.sweetly     二.单项选择 1.Water can turn into ice when the temperature is zero. A.above　　     B.below C.over　　　 D.under 【答案】B解析　根据常识可知,温度低于零度的时候,水可以变成冰,below符合题意。 2.Ants are also their clever use of natural tools. A.known for　　　B.full of C.known as　　　 D.busy with 【答案】A解析　此处表示“蚂蚁还以灵巧地使用自然工具而闻名”,be known for符合题意。 3.In the day, when she saw him ________some leaves with his trunk(象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. A.pick up　　　 B.take up C.give up　　　 D.set up 【答案】A解析　pick up捡起;take up占用,开始从事;give up放弃;set up成立。此处表示“用他的象鼻捡起一些叶子”,pick up符合题意。 4.Besides landscapes, Wu also learned a lot in painting human figures. He was 　　　 good at it and developed his special painting skills. A.hardly　　     B.especially C.differently　　 D.clearly 【答案】B解析　hardly几乎不;especially特别,尤其;differently不同地;clearly清晰地。此处表示“他特别擅长于此,并发展了他特殊的绘画技巧”,especially符合题意。 三.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.那个男人出生在巴黎,但他在伦敦长大。 The man was born in Paris, but he _________ _______ in London. 2.我们都渴望再次见到你。 We all _________ _______ meet you again. 3.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书之一。 This is ________ _______ ________ _______ interesting books I’ve ever read. 4.在我们试图找出答案之前,知道问题是什么是很重要的。 It is important to know _________ the question _______ before we try to find out the answer. 【答案】1.grew    up 2.long    to 3.one  of the most 4.what    is 课文解析2 A river of life below the earth 1 You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 2 It's known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet burn!It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand.Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than 1,000 wells. They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals. Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China 4 Today, the area faces a water shortage. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 1.①You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.你可能还记得《西游记》中的 火焰山。（教材P92） ②They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番。（教材P92） （1）probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv.很可能，大概→近义词为possibly/likely/maybe 表示推测。常用于肯定句中，位于助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后，实义动词之前。 It will probably rain tomorrow. 明天很可能会下雨。 I was probably even more nervous than you were!我可能比你还要紧张！ 拓展probable[形容词]很可能的 It is probable that we will win.我们很可能会赢。 （2）west /west/ n.西部 It’s raining in the west of the city.这座城市的西边正在下雨。 拓展A.[名词]西，西方 The trade from China to the West helped to spread the popularity of tea.从中国到西方的贸易助力推动了茶叶的普及。 East or west, home is best.金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。 B.[形容词]向西的；西部的 用于名词前作定语。 Jenny lives in the west part of the town.珍妮住在镇子的西边。 C.[副词]向西；朝西 They went west towards California.他们向西朝着加利福尼亚去了。 拓展western［形容词］西方的；向西的；西部的 表示“西方（国家）的”时,首字母常大写。 Western people eat with knives and forks while Chinese people use chopsticks. 西方人用刀叉吃饭，而中国人用筷子。 （3）east /i:st/ n.东部 in the east of 在……的东部（内部） on the east of 在……的东部（外部,接壤） to the east of 在……的东部（外部,不接壤） Shandong is in the east of China.山东在中国的东部。（内部） Jiangxi Province is on the east of Hunan Province.江西省在湖南省的东边。（江西和湖南接壤） Fujian Province is to the east of Hunan Province.福建省在湖南省的东边。（福建和湖南不接壤） 拓展（1）[名词]东；东方 He turned and walked away towards the east.他转身往东走去。 （2）［形容词］东方的；东部的 I don’t know the east coast well.我不太熟悉东海岸。 （3）［副词］向东；朝东 The plane flew east.飞机向东飞了。 表示方位的词： 2.That’s enough to make your feet burn! It may sound crazy...这足以让你的脚感到灼热！听起来可能很疯狂……（教材P92） crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj.疯狂的 可作定语或表语。 What a crazy idea!这个想法真疯狂！（作定语） You must be crazy to say that to your boss.你对老板说那种话，一定是疯了。（作表语）#1.2 拓展［形容词］热衷的，狂热的 be crazy about=be mad about对……着迷；热衷于…… Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood.孟翔在童年时期痴迷于电影和音乐。 3.How do people survive in such a terrible climate?人们是如何在如此恶劣的气候条件下生存的？（教材P92） Did anyone survive the earthquake？有人在地震中活下来吗？（作及物动词） Red squirrels depend on their thicker winter fur and food hidden in autumn to survive.红松鼠依靠它们更为厚实的冬季皮毛和在秋季储存的食物来生存。（作不及物动词） 拓展 survivor［名词］幸存者 There were no survivors of the plane crash.这场飞机失事中没有幸存者。 4.That’s nearly as long as the Yellow River!那几乎与黄河一样长!（教材P93） as long as 和……一样长 属于as...as...结构。 Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers.大多数灯笼鱼只有你的手指那么长。 拓展 （1）只要 引导条件状语从句。当主句为一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词时，其引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。 As long as you drive carefully, you. .will be very safe. 你只要小心开车，就会很安全。 You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard. 你可以出去玩，只要不出后院。#1.2.2 （2）长达；长达……之久 Keep going for as long as possible.能坚持多久就坚持多久。 5.And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools!令人惊讶的是，所有这些都是仅用手工工具完成的！（教材P93） amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv.惊人地；了不起地 由“amazing（adj.惊人的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 Amazingly, the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany.令人惊讶的是，这本书一路传到了国外，最后到了德国。 拓展amazed adj.大为惊奇的 amaze v.使惊奇 amazing adj.惊人的 She was amazed when she saw the small village. Its clean fields and simple houses can amaze visitors. The village is an amazing example of living in harmony with nature, and it looks amazingly peaceful. 她看到那个小村庄时大为惊奇。整洁的田地和简单的房屋能让游客感到惊讶。这个村庄是人与自然和谐共生的一个绝佳例子，它看起来宁静得令人惊叹。 6.No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. 难怪它是中国古代的三大工程之一。（教材P93） among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep.在……（人员）中，是……之一 ［介词］用于三者或三者以上的情况。 Among the three actors, Mr. Black is the most humorous.这三个演员中，布莱克先生最幽默。 Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024.得益于多层面的合作，中国在2024年的森林面积增幅居全球之首。 辨析among与between#2 among 用于三者或三者以上 She is popular among us. She always likes to help others.她在我们当中很受欢迎。她总是喜欢帮助他人。 between 通常指两者之间 Is there a connection between music and language?音乐和语言之间有联系吗？ 7.There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use.来自山区的供水减少，降水量减少，而用水量却大幅增加。（教材P93） increase /ˈɪnkri:s/ n. 增加，增多；增长 During Guyu, the temperature usually rises a lot and rain increases.谷雨期间，气温通常会大幅回升，降雨量也会增加。 They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.他们预计骑自行车的人数会急剧增加。 ［动词］增长；增多；增加 increase by增长了（后接百分比或倍数） increase to增长到（后接具体数字） We need to increase productivity.我们需要提高生产力。 The hit of this video increased to 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it increased by 10%.这个视频的点击量增加到了200万，与昨天相比，增加了10%。 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.My hometown is in the ____________ (west) part of Hunan Province. 2.They are planning to open a factory in the ____________ (east) part of the city. 3.The man sitting next to Hailey took action ____________(help) her. 4.There is a _____________(short) of fresh water on the island. Let,s help the people living there. 5.I could hardly recognize him. He __________(sure) changed a lot! 【答案】1.western    2.eastern    3.to help 4.shortage    5.surely     二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 probably　enough　among underground　increase 1.The population is _____________ at a rate of about 6% per year. 2.I don’t know where Lily is. I think she is ___________ in the library. 3.We don’t have ___________ money to buy the black car. Let’s choose a cheaper one. 4.There is an ________________ station near here. I will wait for you there. 5.Plants died of cold and illness spread _____________ people. 【答案】1.increasing    2.probably    3.enough    4.underground    5.among     三.单项选择 1.As we know, Shanghai is a beautiful city and it is 　　 　the east of China. A.in　　　 B.on　　　 C.to　　　 D.for 【答案】A解析　根据地理知识可知,上海位于中国(内部)的东部,in the east of符合题意。 2.You should keep a good balance 　     　 these two chemicals. A.between　　　 B.among C.over　　　 D.through 【答案】A解析　此处表示“你应该在这两种化学物质之间保持良好的平衡”,表示“在两者之间”要用between。 3.They believe that bees can fly as as 10 kilometers if necessary, though most of the time, bees don’t go that far. A.old　　　 B.older　　     C.far　　　 D.farther 【答案】C解析　as...as结构中要用形容词或副词的原级,可排除选项B和D。根据“10 kilometers”可知,此处是在说距离,可排除选项A。故选C。 4.Jack is so and he always does something surprising and never listens to his parents. So don’t learn from him. A.kind　　　 B.polite　　　 C.silent　　     D.crazy 【答案】D解析　kind友好的;polite有礼貌的;silent沉默的;crazy疯狂的。根据“他总是做出一些出人意料的事情,而且从不听从他父母的话”可知,此处表示“Jack非常疯狂”,crazy符合题意。 四．任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·天津西青·期末） Today, more and more children use smartphones (智能手机) too much in their everyday life. This could be bad for their health and development. Parents may be wondering what the phones are actually doing to their kids’ health. Here are some of the ways that too much screen time may influence (影响) kids. Sleep Children’s sleep can be influenced by smartphone use. And the same is true for adults. Too much screen time has a strong connection with shorter total sleep time in children. How long can be seen as overuse? It means using phones for more than an hour each day. Anxiety (焦虑) According to a recent study, more hours of screen time will cause lower well-being (幸福) in ages 2 to 17. High users of screens (more than 7 hours a day) in teenagers are found to be more than twice as likely to feel worried and unhappy. Focus The long-time use of smartphones also reduces the attention span (持续时间) in children. It may influence other functions (功能) of the brain, including the ability to remember things. And it is easy for them to fall behind in their learning, because they can’t put their whole heart into the study. 1．Using smartphones too much could be bad for children’s . 2．Overuse means using phones for more than each day. 3．More hours of screen time will cause lower well-being in . 4．The long-time use of smartphones may reduce the attention span . 5．In this passage, the writer talked about ways all together that too much screen time may influence kids. 【答案】1．health and development 2．an hour/one hour/1 hour 3．ages 2 to 17 4．in children 5．three/3 【导语】本文主要讲述了过度使用智能手机对儿童健康和发展的负面影响，包括睡眠、焦虑和注意力三个方面。 1．根据“more and more children use smartphones (智能手机) too much in their everyday life. This could be bad for their health and development.”可知，过度使用智能手机可能对儿童的健康和发展有害。故填health and development。 2．根据“How long can be seen as overuse? It means using phones for more than an hour each day.”可知，过度使用指每天使用手机超过一个小时。故填an hour/one hour/1 hour。 3．根据“According to a recent study, more hours of screen time will cause lower well-being (幸福) in ages 2 to 17.”可知，在2岁到17岁的孩子中，看屏幕的时间越长，幸福感越低。故填ages 2 to 17。 4．根据“The long-time use of smartphones also reduces the attention span (持续时间) in children.”可知，长时间使用智能手机可能会降低儿童的注意力时长。故填in children。 5．根据“Sleep”、“Anxiety (焦虑)”和“Focus”可知，在这篇文章中，作者讨论了太多的屏幕时间可能影响孩子的三个方面，分别为睡眠、焦虑和注意力。故填three/3。 单词背诵 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.sweetly /ˈswiːtli/ adv. 悦耳动听地，好听地 2.villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə/ n. 村民 3.wheat /wiːt/ n. 小麦 4.childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年，儿童时代 5.countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡下，农村 6.province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省 7.especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其 8.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，知识，学问 9.below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. 在……的下面 10.arrival /əˈraɪvəl/ n. 到来 11.calendar /ˈkælɪndə/ n. 历法 12.webpage /ˈwebpeɪdʒ/ n. 网页 13.energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 14.safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地，无危害地 15.bee-keeping 　 n. 养蜂 16.accord /əˈkɔːd/ v. 与某事物相符（一致） 17.according to 　 据……所示，按……所说 18.energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源 19.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 20.desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠，荒漠 21.charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. （使）充电 22.environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 生态环境 23.resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ n. 资源（指土地、矿产等） 24.natural resources 　 自然资源 25.probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能，大概 26.west /west/ n. 西部 27.east /iːst/ n. 东部 28.mid-summer /ˌmɪdˈsʌmə/ n. 仲夏 29.crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 疯狂的 30.rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ n. 雨量 31.survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 活下来；幸存 32.underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ adj. 地（面）下的 33.canal /kəˈnæl/ n. 运河 34.amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv. 惊人地；了不起地 35.among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……（人员）中，是……之一 36.shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 37.increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ n. 增加，增多；增长 $ 专题14 八年级下册Unit6 Living with nature 课内解析篇 课文解析1 1 It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me.I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking anew interest in the ancient wisdom. In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to. our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". They help people understand why nature works this way.Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings,too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. 1.Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees.活泼的鸟儿在树上唱着甜美的歌。（教材P85） sweetly /swi:tli/ adv.悦耳动听地，好听地 由“sweet（adj. 悦耳的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 She sang , and everyone in the room stopped to listen.她唱得悦耳动听，房间里所有人都停下来聆听。 sweet的常见用法： 2.I’m so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom.我很高兴看到许多人，尤其是年轻人，正在对古老的智慧产生新的兴趣。（教材P85） （1）especially与specially especially 尤其；特别 常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充，后跟名词、代词、介词短语或从句等。该词不用于句首。 specially 专门；特地 多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事，可修饰动词、形容词或副词。 It is hot here in summer, this summer, so I went to the mall to buy an air conditioner yesterday.这儿的夏天很热，尤其是今年夏天，所以我昨天特地去商场买了一台空调。 （2）wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n.智慧，知识，学问 Xuankong Temple shows the ancient Chinese wisdom in both engineering and design.悬空寺展现了古代中国在工程和设计方面的智慧。 She made a very decision. 她做了一个非常明智的决定。 You need to manage your time . 你需要明智地管理你的时间。 3.In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings.在我的帖子下面的数百条评论中，其他人也分享了类似的回忆和感受。（教材P85） below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep.在……的下面 表示低于某一数量或水平，还可表示低于某一地点或位置。其反义词为above“高于；在……上面”。 At over 152 metres the surface of the water, the daylight is almost gone. 在水面以下超过152米处，日光几乎完全消失。 We are flying the clouds.我们正在云层上面飞行。 辨析below与under below 表示在某物的下方,但不一定是在正下方 反义词:above under 表示在某物的正下方 反义词:over ［副词］在下面；以下 For more information, see below.详情请看下面。 4.The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China”.二十四节气被称为“中国的第五大发明”。（教材P85） be known as 以……而闻名 其后可接表示职业、称呼或身份地位的名词。 He was known a writer.他以作家的身份而闻名。 This special plant, known seagrass, grows in the ocean.这种特殊的植物，被称为海草，生长在海洋中。 5.People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities.人们会用传统活动来庆祝它们的到来。（教材P85） arrival /əˈraɪvəl/ n.到来 是arrive（v.到达；到来）的名词形式。 His brought us a lot of joy. 他的到来给我们 带来了很多欢乐。 We are sorry for the late of the train. 我们为火车晚点感到抱歉。 拓展［可数名词］到达者；［不可数名词］（新技术、新思想的）引进，推行 The first at the concert got the best seats. 最早来到音乐会的人坐上了最好的座位。 The of AI has changed our lives. 人工智能的推行改变了我们的生活。 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.My parents are busy ____________(work) on weekends. 2.I met a _____________(village) on my way. Then I asked her the way to Sunshine Farm. 3.Lily said she would arrive soon. We are all looking forward to her ____________(arrive). 4.You can relax here. Sometimes you may hear the birds sing songs ____________(sweet). 二.单项选择 1.Water can turn into ice when the temperature is zero. A.above　　     B.below C.over　　　 D.under 2.Ants are also their clever use of natural tools. A.known for　　　B.full of C.known as　　　 D.busy with 3.In the day, when she saw him ________some leaves with his trunk(象鼻) and put them into his mouth, she was pleased. A.pick up　　　 B.take up C.give up　　　 D.set up 4.Besides landscapes, Wu also learned a lot in painting human figures. He was 　　　 good at it and developed his special painting skills. A.hardly　　     B.especially C.differently　　 D.clearly 三.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.那个男人出生在巴黎,但他在伦敦长大。 The man was born in Paris, but he _________ _______ in London. 2.我们都渴望再次见到你。 We all _________ _______ meet you again. 3.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书之一。 This is ________ _______ ________ _______ interesting books I’ve ever read. 4.在我们试图找出答案之前,知道问题是什么是很重要的。 It is important to know _________ the question _______ before we try to find out the answer. 课文解析2 A river of life below the earth 1 You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 2 It's known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet burn!It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand.Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than 1,000 wells. They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals. Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China 4 Today, the area faces a water shortage. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 1.①You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West.你可能还记得《西游记》中的 火焰山。（教材P92） ②They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番。（教材P92） （1）probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv.很可能，大概→近义词为possibly/likely/maybe 表示推测。常用于肯定句中，位于助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后，实义动词之前。 It will rain tomorrow. 明天很可能会下雨。 I was even more nervous than you were!我可能比你还要紧张！ 拓展probable[形容词]很可能的 It is that we will win.我们很可能会赢。 （2）west /west/ n.西部 It’s raining in the of the city.这座城市的西边正在下雨。 拓展A.[名词]西，西方 The trade from China to the helped to spread the popularity of tea.从中国到西方的贸易助力推动了茶叶的普及。 East or , home is best.金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。 B.[形容词]向西的；西部的 用于名词前作定语。 Jenny lives in the part of the town.珍妮住在镇子的西边。 C.[副词]向西；朝西 They went towards California.他们向西朝着加利福尼亚去了。 拓展western［形容词］西方的；向西的；西部的 表示“西方（国家）的”时,首字母常大写。 people eat with knives and forks while Chinese people use chopsticks. 西方人用刀叉吃饭，而中国人用筷子。 （3）east /i:st/ n.东部 in the east of 在……的东部（内部） on the east of 在……的东部（外部,接壤） to the east of 在……的东部（外部,不接壤） Shandong is the east of China.山东在中国的东部。（内部） Jiangxi Province is the east of Hunan Province.江西省在湖南省的东边。（江西和湖南接壤） Fujian Province is the east of Hunan Province.福建省在湖南省的东边。（福建和湖南不接壤） 拓展（1）[名词]东；东方 He turned and walked away towards the east.他转身往东走去。 （2）［形容词］东方的；东部的 I don’t know the east coast well.我不太熟悉东海岸。 （3）［副词］向东；朝东 The plane flew east.飞机向东飞了。 表示方位的词： 2.That’s enough to make your feet burn! It may sound crazy...这足以让你的脚感到灼热！听起来可能很疯狂……（教材P92） crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj.疯狂的 可作定语或表语。 What a crazy idea!这个想法真疯狂！（作定语） You must be crazy say that to your boss.你对老板说那种话，一定是疯了。（作表语）#1.2 拓展［形容词］热衷的，狂热的 be crazy about=be mad about对……着迷；热衷于…… Meng Xiang was crazy films and music during his childhood.孟翔在童年时期痴迷于电影和音乐。 3.How do people survive in such a terrible climate?人们是如何在如此恶劣的气候条件下生存的？（教材P92） Did anyone the earthquake？有人在地震中活下来吗？（作及物动词） Red squirrels depend on their thicker winter fur and food hidden in autumn to .红松鼠依靠它们更为厚实的冬季皮毛和在秋季储存的食物来生存。（作不及物动词） 拓展 survivor［名词］幸存者 There were no of the plane crash.这场飞机失事中没有幸存者。 4.That’s nearly as long as the Yellow River!那几乎与黄河一样长!（教材P93） as long as 和……一样长 属于as...as...结构。 Most lanternfish are just your fingers.大多数灯笼鱼只有你的手指那么长。 拓展 （1）只要 引导条件状语从句。当主句为一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词时，其引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。 As long as you drive carefully, you be very safe. 你只要小心开车，就会很安全。 You can go out to play you stay in the backyard. 你可以出去玩，只要不出后院。#1.2.2 （2）长达；长达……之久 Keep going for as long as possible.能坚持多久就坚持多久。 5.And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools!令人惊讶的是，所有这些都是仅用手工工具完成的！（教材P93） amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv.惊人地；了不起地 由“amazing（adj.惊人的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 , the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany.令人惊讶的是，这本书一路传到了国外，最后到了德国。 拓展amazed adj.大为惊奇的 amaze v.使惊奇 amazing adj.惊人的 She was when she saw the small village. Its clean fields and simple houses can visitors. The village is an example of living in harmony with nature, and it looks peaceful. 她看到那个小村庄时大为惊奇。整洁的田地和简单的房屋能让游客感到惊讶。这个村庄是人与自然和谐共生的一个绝佳例子，它看起来宁静得令人惊叹。 6.No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. 难怪它是中国古代的三大工程之一。（教材P93） among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep.在……（人员）中，是……之一 ［介词］用于三者或三者以上的情况。 the three actors, Mr. Black is the most humorous.这三个演员中，布莱克先生最幽默。 Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area all countries in 2024.得益于多层面的合作，中国在2024年的森林面积增幅居全球之首。 辨析among与between#2 among 用于三者或三者以上 She is popular among us. She always likes to help others.她在我们当中很受欢迎。她总是喜欢帮助他人。 between 通常指两者之间 Is there a connection between music and language?音乐和语言之间有联系吗？ 7.There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use.来自山区的供水减少，降水量减少，而用水量却大幅增加。（教材P93） increase /ˈɪnkri:s/ n. 增加，增多；增长 During Guyu, the temperature usually rises a lot and rain .谷雨期间，气温通常会大幅回升，降雨量也会增加。 They expect a sharp in the number of bike riders.他们预计骑自行车的人数会急剧增加。 ［动词］增长；增多；增加 increase by增长了（后接百分比或倍数） increase to增长到（后接具体数字） We need to productivity.我们需要提高生产力。 The hit of this video increased 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it increased 10%.这个视频的点击量增加到了200万，与昨天相比，增加了10%。 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.My hometown is in the ____________ (west) part of Hunan Province. 2.They are planning to open a factory in the ____________ (east) part of the city. 3.The man sitting next to Hailey took action ____________(help) her. 4.There is a _____________(short) of fresh water on the island. Let,s help the people living there. 5.I could hardly recognize him. He __________(sure) changed a lot! 二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 probably　enough　among underground　increase 1.The population is _____________ at a rate of about 6% per year. 2.I don’t know where Lily is. I think she is ___________ in the library. 3.We don’t have ___________ money to buy the black car. Let’s choose a cheaper one. 4.There is an ________________ station near here. I will wait for you there. 5.Plants died of cold and illness spread _____________ people. 三.单项选择 1.As we know, Shanghai is a beautiful city and it is 　　 　the east of China. A.in　　　 B.on　　　 C.to　　　 D.for 2.You should keep a good balance 　     　 these two chemicals. A.between　　　 B.among C.over　　　 D.through 3.They believe that bees can fly as as 10 kilometers if necessary, though most of the time, bees don’t go that far. A.old　　　 B.older　　     C.far　　　 D.farther 4.Jack is so and he always does something surprising and never listens to his parents. So don’t learn from him. A.kind　　　 B.polite　　　 C.silent　　     D.crazy 四．任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·天津西青·期末） Today, more and more children use smartphones (智能手机) too much in their everyday life. This could be bad for their health and development. Parents may be wondering what the phones are actually doing to their kids’ health. Here are some of the ways that too much screen time may influence (影响) kids. Sleep Children’s sleep can be influenced by smartphone use. And the same is true for adults. Too much screen time has a strong connection with shorter total sleep time in children. How long can be seen as overuse? It means using phones for more than an hour each day. Anxiety (焦虑) According to a recent study, more hours of screen time will cause lower well-being (幸福) in ages 2 to 17. High users of screens (more than 7 hours a day) in teenagers are found to be more than twice as likely to feel worried and unhappy. Focus The long-time use of smartphones also reduces the attention span (持续时间) in children. It may influence other functions (功能) of the brain, including the ability to remember things. And it is easy for them to fall behind in their learning, because they can’t put their whole heart into the study. 1．Using smartphones too much could be bad for children’s . 2．Overuse means using phones for more than each day. 3．More hours of screen time will cause lower well-being in . 4．The long-time use of smartphones may reduce the attention span . 5．In this passage, the writer talked about ways all together that too much screen time may influence kids. 单词背诵 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.sweetly /ˈswiːtli/ adv. 悦耳动听地，好听地 2.villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə/ n. 村民 3.wheat /wiːt/ n. 小麦 4.childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年，儿童时代 5.countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡下，农村 6.province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省 7.especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其 8.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧，知识，学问 9.below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. 在……的下面 10.arrival /əˈraɪvəl/ n. 到来 11.calendar /ˈkælɪndə/ n. 历法 12.webpage /ˈwebpeɪdʒ/ n. 网页 13.energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 14.safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地，无危害地 15.bee-keeping 　 n. 养蜂 16.accord /əˈkɔːd/ v. 与某事物相符（一致） 17.according to 　 据……所示，按……所说 18.energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源 19.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 20.desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠，荒漠 21.charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. （使）充电 22.environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 生态环境 23.resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ n. 资源（指土地、矿产等） 24.natural resources 　 自然资源 25.probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能，大概 26.west /west/ n. 西部 27.east /iːst/ n. 东部 28.mid-summer /ˌmɪdˈsʌmə/ n. 仲夏 29.crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 疯狂的 30.rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ n. 雨量 31.survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 活下来；幸存 32.underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ adj. 地（面）下的 33.canal /kəˈnæl/ n. 运河 34.amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv. 惊人地；了不起地 35.among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……（人员）中，是……之一 36.shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 37.increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ n. 增加，增多；增长 $