专题05 八年级下册Unit1 Career talks 语法、写作篇-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题05 八年级下册Unit1 Career talks 语法、写作篇 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语和谓语之间的具体关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 　　主动语态的句子中,主语是动作的执行者。 　　被动语态的句子中,主语是动作的承受者。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。 Lots of students love this English song. (主动语态,句子的主语Lots of students是动作love的执行者) This English song is loved by lots of students. (被动语态,句子的主语This English song是动作love的承受者) 一． 一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态一般由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 被动语态的句式 例句 一般现在时 主语+am/is/are+ 动词过去分词+其他. English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。 一般将来时 主语+will/be going to+be+动词过去分词+其他. The new film will/is going to be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。 二．被动语态的运用 　　一般来说,在下面几种情况中会用到被动语态: (1)需要强调动作的承受者时。The new student is welcomed by the whole class. 新同学受到全班的欢迎。 (2)不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Electricity is used to work machines.电被用来开动机器。 (3)为礼貌起见,避免提及动作的执行者时。I am told not to make a noise.有人告诉我不要吵闹。 (4)当动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。Look! The street is covered with snow。看!街上都是雪。 三． 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法 注意(1)不及物动词(短语)如happen、rise、appear、take place等没有被动语态。 (2)动词短语如talk about、pay attention to、take care of等在变为被动语态时,其中的介词不可漏掉。 (3)在主动语态的句子中,感官动词(see、watch、hear等)和使役动词(make、let等)后面常接省略to的动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,不能省略to。 People often see Betty help the old lady with her housework.→Betty is often seen to help the old lady with her housework.(人们)经常看到Betty帮那位老太太做家务。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级下·江西宜春·期末）—Beijing is not the first city in China to fine (罚款) eaters on the subway. —Yes. People who eat on the subway in Hong Kong ________ with up to 2,000 Hong Kong dollars. A．punished B．have punished C．were punished D．are punished 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）Many tall buildings ________ in our city every year. A．has built B．were built C．are building D．are built 3．（24-25八年级下·安徽蚌埠·期末）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent D．is made; is sent 4．（24-25八年级下·山东东营·期末）A lot of water ________ in Shanghai every year. It’s a big problem. A．wastes B．is wasting C．wasted D．is wasted 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I __________ ten more minutes. A．give B．will give C．will be given D．am given 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—When shall we go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League (江苏足球城际联赛)? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．will be finished C．will finish D．has finished 7．（24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期末）—Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor’s office now? —Not yet. Please wait here until your name ________. A．calls B．will call C．is called D．is calling 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Let’s play soccer, Jack.     —Sorry. I need one more hour before my project ________. A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏苏州·期末）—Mr. Wu, when can we start the science experiment (实验)? —Only after the safety rules ________ clearly. A．are explained B．will be explained C．were explained D．have explained 10．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）—What will happen if lots of jobs ________ over by AI? —That is a good question. But at the same time, AI will create more jobs. A．will take B．are taken C．will be taken D．take 二．填空 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）You can’t come into this garden until you (allow) to. 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）Many trees (plant) on the hill every spring. 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, though many tasks are done by AI, teachers’ care can never (copy). 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）We are to keep the books for two weeks. (allow) 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）He will finish the work if he (give) another 2 hours tomorrow. 6．（24-25八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）You are (suppose) to study hard. 7．（23-24八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期末）In our class, every student (ask) to obey the class rules. The teacher often tells us not to break them. 8．（23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期末）German and English (speak) in Germany. 9．（23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期末）Letters and postcards (bring) to people’s homes by the postman. 10．（23-24八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）What language (speak) in Canada. 三．语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 If you’re interested in photography, there’s a little museum in Tokyo that you should probably visit. It is in the basement (地下室) of 1 building. Camera World calls it “the world’s 2 (good) camera museum”. The Japan Camera Industry Institute (JCII) first 3 (open) it in 1989. They want to protect these cameras because they are full 4 stories. The museum has 5 (thousand) of cameras. It introduces the history of cameras and photography around the world. It also has a special part that explains how Japanese cameras 6 (develop) since the 1800s. The museum is in quite a 7 (peace) location, even though it’s in the middle of the busy city. Visitors can 8 (simple) pick up some of the cameras to look at how people used them. Workers have cut some camera models in half 9 (show) their inside parts. It’s a must-visit for any photography lover, 10 don’t miss it! 写作精讲 本单元的话题为“职业”,要求学生根据所给信息介绍某人的职业,涉及的人物可以是名人,如科学家、运动员或对国家有突出贡献的人,也可以是自己熟悉的人,如父母、老师等。该话题对应的体裁属于以记人为主的记叙文,在描述人物的事迹时,常用一般过去时。 写作实例 　　假如你校英语社团将举办以“The Hero in My Heart”为题的征文活动,请你根据以下提示内容用英语写一篇短文,简要介绍你心中的英雄——航天员邓清明。提示内容如下: (1)邓清明于1966年出生于江西省,虽然家庭贫困,但他学习勤奋刻苦; (2)1998年,他成为我国十四名首批航天员之一; (3)尽管多年来一直作为后备航天员(backup astronaut),但他认真对待每一次训练; (4)经过24年10个月,他终于实现了自己的太空梦; (5)我认为…… 　　要求:(1)包含所有提示内容,可适当发挥;(2)100词左右。 The Hero in My Heart 审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文。    2.时态:以一般过去时为主。    3.人称:以第三人称为主。 4.必备词句: （1）leave a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象; （2）come true 成为现实; （3）learn from sb. 向某人学习; （4）give up 放弃; （5）in the west of... 在……的西部; （6）be interested in... 对……感兴趣; （7）learn to do sth. 学习做某事; （8）catch one’s eyes 吸引某人的目光; （9）decide to do sth. 决定做某事; （10）be well-known for... 因……而闻名; （11）more and more 越来越多; （12）learn from sb. 向某人学习; （13）set a good example for sb. 为某人树立一个好榜样; （14）make a difference 产生影响  （15）Although he served as a backup astronaut for many years, he took every training session seriously and never missed any one of them. 尽管他担任后备航天员多年,但他认真对待每一次训练,从未错过任何一次。 （16）Her story has inspired people all over the world to go after their dreams. 她的故事激励了世界各地的人追逐他们的梦想。  （17）Jason’s story shows that small actions can make a big difference. 杰森的故事说明了小的行动能产生大的影响。 （18）I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me to help others. 我会继续努力工作,鼓励更多我身边的人去帮助别人。 谋篇布局 The Hero in My Heart Among many space heroes in our country’s history, Deng Qingming is the hero in my heart. He leaves a deep impression on me. Deng Qingming was born in Jiangxi in 1966. His family was poor, but he studied hard at school. In 1998, Deng became one of the first group of 14 astronauts for the space programme in our country. Although he served as a backup astronaut for many years, he took every training session seriously and never missed any one of them. After waiting for 24 years and 10 months, Deng finally made his space dream come true and went into space on the Shenzhou-15 spaceship. 　　I think Deng Qingming is a great man. I should learn from him. I will never give up② when things don’t go my way. 随堂训练 （1） 　　“英雄”就在我们身边。这些“英雄”可能是我们的亲人、同学、朋友、老师……请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你心目中的“小人物,大英雄”。 　　提示:(1)你心目中的英雄是谁;(2)讲述一件让你印象深刻的事;(3)对你的影响。 　　要求:(1)语意连贯,层次清晰,书写工整;(2)不少于80词。 （2） 你将参加英语作文比赛，题目是“My Small Step to Grow”，请根据以下提示完成作文，分享你的成长故事。 要点如下： （1）上学期在英语课上，当老师提问时你总是很紧张，害怕在众人面前说话。 （2）你没有放弃而是下定决心慢慢练习。 （3）你对着镜子练习说英语，在课堂上回答简单问题。 （4）现在你感觉自信了，并认识到…… 要求： （1）词数：80词左右。 （2）结构合理，层次清楚。 （3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。 （4）开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Small Step to Grow Everyone has small shortcomings (缺点), but facing and changing them helps us grow. I had such an experience last term. （3） 每个人心中都有自己喜欢并崇拜的英雄。假如你心中的英雄是中国著名科学家——“水稻之父”袁隆平（Yuan longping）, 请以“My hero”为题，写一篇80左右的英语短文介绍科学家袁隆平。 提示： 1930：出生于北京； 1950~1953：在西南农学院（Southwest Agricultural College）学习； 1974：发明了水稻的新品种（develop a new kind of rice）； 20 世纪 80 年代：周游世界并给出水稻的建议（travelld around the world and give advice about growing rice）； 2004：赢得世界粮食奖（win World Food Prize）； 2021：去世，享年 91 岁； Now：许多国家比以前种植更多水稻（many countuies of the world grow more rice than before），他被称为“杂交水稻之父”（the Father of Hybrid Rice）。 对他的评价：…… My hero Yuan Longping is a hero in my heart. （4） 越来越多的学校意识到中学生生涯规划（career planning）的重要性。下周你校英文报刊将举办学生生涯规划展，请根据以下图示，描绘你的生涯规划并投稿。 注意： （1）须全面反映图文信息； （2）文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； （3）词数 90左右。 （5） 知人者智，自知者明。作为初中生，我们只有认识自己，明确自己的目标才能更好地进行决策和安排。近期，班级将开展一个职业生涯规划主题班会，假如你是Li Hua，请以“My Career Planning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你的职业规划。 内容包括： 1. 请从性格、爱好和特长中至少两个方面介绍你自己； 2. 根据以上自我分析，介绍你的职业理想； 3. 为了你的职业理想，接下来打算怎么做。 写作要求：     1. 语言通顺，条理清晰，书写规范，内容可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名； 3. 词数80—100词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 * career 职业 My Career Planning Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’m very happy to share my career planning with you. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 八年级下册Unit1 Career talks 语法、写作篇 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语和谓语之间的具体关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 　　主动语态的句子中,主语是动作的执行者。 　　被动语态的句子中,主语是动作的承受者。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。 Lots of students love this English song. (主动语态,句子的主语Lots of students是动作love的执行者) This English song is loved by lots of students. (被动语态,句子的主语This English song是动作love的承受者) 一． 一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态一般由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 时态 被动语态的句式 例句 一般现在时 主语+am/is/are+ 动词过去分词+其他. English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。 一般将来时 主语+will/be going to+be+动词过去分词+其他. The new film will/is going to be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。 二．被动语态的运用 　　一般来说,在下面几种情况中会用到被动语态: (1)需要强调动作的承受者时。The new student is welcomed by the whole class. 新同学受到全班的欢迎。 (2)不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Electricity is used to work machines.电被用来开动机器。 (3)为礼貌起见,避免提及动作的执行者时。I am told not to make a noise.有人告诉我不要吵闹。 (4)当动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。Look! The street is covered with snow。看!街上都是雪。 三． 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法 注意(1)不及物动词(短语)如happen、rise、appear、take place等没有被动语态。 (2)动词短语如talk about、pay attention to、take care of等在变为被动语态时,其中的介词不可漏掉。 (3)在主动语态的句子中,感官动词(see、watch、hear等)和使役动词(make、let等)后面常接省略to的动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,不能省略to。 People often see Betty help the old lady with her housework.→Betty is often seen to help the old lady with her housework.(人们)经常看到Betty帮那位老太太做家务。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级下·江西宜春·期末）—Beijing is not the first city in China to fine (罚款) eaters on the subway. —Yes. People who eat on the subway in Hong Kong ________ with up to 2,000 Hong Kong dollars. A．punished B．have punished C．were punished D．are punished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——北京不是中国第一个在地铁上对食客罚款的城市。——是的。在香港地铁上吃东西的人最高被罚2000港币。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语People“人”和动词punish“惩罚”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，所以空处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）Many tall buildings ________ in our city every year. A．has built B．were built C．are building D．are built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每年在我们城市，许多高楼被建造。 考查被动语态。主语Many tall buildings与选项核心词build之间为被动关系，需被动语态。根据“every year”可知，本句需一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done，主语为复数，be动词用are。故选D。 3．（24-25八年级下·安徽蚌埠·期末）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent D．is made; is sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在中国制造的茶每年被运往许多不同的国家和地区。 考查非谓语和被动语态。根据句子结构，第一个空需要填入定语修饰“the tea”，“tea”与“make”之间是被动关系，用过去分词“made”作定语，构成“the tea made in China”（中国制造的茶）；第二个空是句子的谓语，“tea”与“send”之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是每年发生的情况，用一般现在时的被动语态“is sent”。故选C。 4．（24-25八年级下·山东东营·期末）A lot of water ________ in Shanghai every year. It’s a big problem. A．wastes B．is wasting C．wasted D．is wasted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上海每年有大量的水被浪费。这是个大问题。 考查动词的时态和被动语态。wastes浪费，一般现在时主动语态；is wasting正在浪费，现在进行时主动语态；wasted浪费，一般过去时主动语态；is wasted被浪费，一般现在时被动语态。分析句子可知，主语water此处表示被动含义，表示“水被浪费”，使用被动语态。根据时间状语“every year”可知，一般现在时表示习惯性或经常性动作，时态是一般现在时。故选D。 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I __________ ten more minutes. A．give B．will give C．will be given D．am given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的项目完成了吗？——现在还没有。如果再给我十分钟，我会完成的。 考查if引导的条件状语从句和一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Not yet. I’ll finish it if I...ten more minutes.”可知这里是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，所以从句要用一般现在时，故排除B、C选项。又因为句子主语是I，是动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态，被动语态的结构为“be动词+动词的过去分词”。故选D。 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—When shall we go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League (江苏足球城际联赛)? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．will be finished C．will finish D．has finished 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去看江苏足球城际联赛？——直到明天工作完成。 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，答句的完整句子是“We shall not go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League until the work...tomorrow.”，until引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时，主语“the work”和动词finish是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done。故选A。 7．（24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期末）—Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor’s office now? —Not yet. Please wait here until your name ________. A．calls B．will call C．is called D．is calling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——对不起，现在轮到我进医生的办公室了吗？——还没有。请在这里等候，直到有人叫你的名字。 考查时态语态。句子主语“your name”与动词call之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，此处是until引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，空处所在的从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Let’s play soccer, Jack.     —Sorry. I need one more hour before my project ________. A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们踢足球吧，杰克。——对不起。我还需要一个小时才能完成我的项目。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“I need one more hour before my project ….”可知，此处为before引导的时间状语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时，主语project和动词为被动关系，其结构为be+done，主语为单数，be动词用is。故选D。 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏苏州·期末）—Mr. Wu, when can we start the science experiment (实验)? —Only after the safety rules ________ clearly. A．are explained B．will be explained C．were explained D．have explained 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——吴老师，我们什么时候可以开始科学实验？——只有在安全规则被明确解释之后。 考查被动语态和时态。根据“Only after the safety rules...clearly”可知，规则应该是被解释清楚，且此处after引导时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，故从句需用一般现在时，故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，即am/is/are done的结构。故选A。 10．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）—What will happen if lots of jobs ________ over by AI? —That is a good question. But at the same time, AI will create more jobs. A．will take B．are taken C．will be taken D．take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——如果大量工作被人工智能取代，会发生什么情况？ ——这是个好问题。但与此同时，人工智能也会创造更多工作岗位。 考查时态和语态。“jobs”和“take over”之间是被动关系，即工作被取代，要用被动语态，其结构为be+过去分词；if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，此处主语jobs是复数，用are。故选B。 二．填空 1．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）You can’t come into this garden until you (allow) to. 【答案】are allowed 【详解】句意：直到你被允许进去，你才能进入这个花园。主语you和动词allow之间是被动关系，句子是until引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are allowed。 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）Many trees (plant) on the hill every spring. 【答案】are planted 【详解】句意：每年春天山上都会种许多树。分析句子可知，主语“Many trees”与动词“plant”之间是被动关系，表示“树被种植”，因此要用被动语态；根据“every spring”可知，时态为一般现在时；一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语“Many trees”是复数，be动词用are，plant的过去分词是planted。故填are planted。 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, though many tasks are done by AI, teachers’ care can never (copy). 【答案】be copied 【详解】句意：—— 你认为人工智能未来能完全取代教师的工作吗？—— 不，尽管很多任务由人工智能完成，但教师的关怀永远无法被复制。“copy”是动词，意为“复制”，此处“teachers’ care”与“copy”之间是被动关系，即关怀被复制，所以应用被动语态“be+过去分词”，“can”后接动词原形，“copy”的过去分词是“copied”，该短语在句中作谓语。故填be copied。 4．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）We are to keep the books for two weeks. (allow) 【答案】allowed 【详解】句意：我们被允许保留这些书两周。allow“允许”，主语we与allow之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构为be done，allow的过去分词为allowed。故填allowed。 5．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）He will finish the work if he (give) another 2 hours tomorrow. 【答案】is given 【详解】句意：如果明天再给他两小时，他会完成这项工作。本句为if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；从句主语“he”与动词“give”之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is + given”。故填is given。 6．（24-25八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）You are (suppose) to study hard. 【答案】supposed 【详解】句意：你应该努力学习。be supposed to do sth.表示“应该做某事”，固定搭配。故填supposed。 7．（23-24八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期末）In our class, every student (ask) to obey the class rules. The teacher often tells us not to break them. 【答案】is asked 【详解】句意：在我们班，每个学生都被要求遵守班规。老师经常告诉我们不要打破它们。根据“ every student ... to obey the class rules”和提示词ask可知，此处为被动语态，结构为“be动词+动词的过去分词”。根据“The teacher often tells us not to break them.”可知，时态为一般现在时。主语为every student，故be动词应用is，ask的过去分词为asked。故填is asked。 8．（23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期末）German and English (speak) in Germany. 【答案】are spoken 【详解】句意：德语和英语在德国被说。分析句子可知，主语“German and English”与动词speak存在被动关系；再根据此句是阐述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，故本句要用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done；主语“German and English”为复数，be动词用are，speak的过去分词为spoken。故填are spoken。 9．（23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期末）Letters and postcards (bring) to people’s homes by the postman. 【答案】are brought 【详解】句意：邮递员把信件和明信片带到人们家里。此句时态为一般现在时，主语Letters and postcards与动词bring是被动关系，应该用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+done”，主语是复数，be动词用are，bring的过去分词为brought。故填are brought。 10．（23-24八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）What language (speak) in Canada. 【答案】is spoken 【详解】句意：加拿大说什么语言。根据“What language…in Canada.”可知主语language与动词speak之间是被动关系，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，language为不可数名词，be动词则用is；动词用过去分词形式spoken表被动。故填is spoken。 三．语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 If you’re interested in photography, there’s a little museum in Tokyo that you should probably visit. It is in the basement (地下室) of 1 building. Camera World calls it “the world’s 2 (good) camera museum”. The Japan Camera Industry Institute (JCII) first 3 (open) it in 1989. They want to protect these cameras because they are full 4 stories. The museum has 5 (thousand) of cameras. It introduces the history of cameras and photography around the world. It also has a special part that explains how Japanese cameras 6 (develop) since the 1800s. The museum is in quite a 7 (peace) location, even though it’s in the middle of the busy city. Visitors can 8 (simple) pick up some of the cameras to look at how people used them. Workers have cut some camera models in half 9 (show) their inside parts. It’s a must-visit for any photography lover, 10 don’t miss it! 【答案】1．a 2．best 3．opened 4．of 5．thousands 6．have developed 7．peaceful 8．simply 9．to show 10．so 【导语】本文主要介绍了东京一家位于地下室的小型相机博物馆，展示了世界各地的相机和摄影历史。 1．句意：它位于一栋建筑的地下室。根据“It is in the basement of...building.”可知，它位于一栋建筑的地下室，此处泛指“一栋”建筑，building为辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。 2．句意：Camera World称它为“世界上最好的相机博物馆”。根据“the world’s...camera museum”可知，它是世界上最好的相机博物馆，good变为最高级“best”，表示“最好的”，作定语，修饰名词camera museum。故填best。 3．句意：日本相机产业研究所 (JCII) 于1989年首次开放了它。根据“in 1989.”可知，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，open的过去式为opened。故填opened。 4．句意：他们想保护这些相机，因为它们充满了故事。根据“they are full...stories”可知，此处为“be full of”，表示“充满了……”。故填of。 5．句意：这个博物馆有数千台相机。根据“The museum has...of cameras.”可知，空前无具体数字，空后有of，此处表示“好几千”，thousands of“数千”。故填thousands。 6．句意：它还有一个特别的部分，解释了日本相机自19世纪以来是怎样发展的。根据“since the 1800s”可知，此处表示从19世纪持续到现在，用现在完成时，谓语结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Japanese cameras”为复数，因此用have，develop的过去分词为developed。故填have developed。 7．句意：这个博物馆位于一个相当宁静的位置，尽管它位于繁忙的城市中心。空后有名词location，名词peace应变为形容词“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”，作定语，符合语境。故填peaceful。 8．句意：游客可以简单地拿起一些相机，看看人们是如何使用它们的。simple为形容词，此处应变为副词“simply”，意为“简单地”，修饰动词pick up。故填simply。 9．句意：工作人员将一些相机模型切成两半，以展示它们的内部结构。根据“Workers have cut some camera models in half...their inside parts.”可知，工作人员将一些相机模型切成两半的目的是展示它们的内部结构，此处用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to show。 10．句意：这是任何摄影爱好者必去的地方，所以不要错过！根据“It’s a must-visit for any photography lover, ...don’t miss it!”可知，这是任何摄影爱好者必去的地方，所以不要错过，此处为因果关系，so“因此，所以”，符合语境。故填so。 写作精讲 本单元的话题为“职业”,要求学生根据所给信息介绍某人的职业,涉及的人物可以是名人,如科学家、运动员或对国家有突出贡献的人,也可以是自己熟悉的人,如父母、老师等。该话题对应的体裁属于以记人为主的记叙文,在描述人物的事迹时,常用一般过去时。 写作实例 　　假如你校英语社团将举办以“The Hero in My Heart”为题的征文活动,请你根据以下提示内容用英语写一篇短文,简要介绍你心中的英雄——航天员邓清明。提示内容如下: (1)邓清明于1966年出生于江西省,虽然家庭贫困,但他学习勤奋刻苦; (2)1998年,他成为我国十四名首批航天员之一; (3)尽管多年来一直作为后备航天员(backup astronaut),但他认真对待每一次训练; (4)经过24年10个月,他终于实现了自己的太空梦; (5)我认为…… 　　要求:(1)包含所有提示内容,可适当发挥;(2)100词左右。 The Hero in My Heart 审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文。    2.时态:以一般过去时为主。    3.人称:以第三人称为主。 4.必备词句: （1）leave a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象; （2）come true 成为现实; （3）learn from sb. 向某人学习; （4）give up 放弃; （5）in the west of... 在……的西部; （6）be interested in... 对……感兴趣; （7）learn to do sth. 学习做某事; （8）catch one’s eyes 吸引某人的目光; （9）decide to do sth. 决定做某事; （10）be well-known for... 因……而闻名; （11）more and more 越来越多; （12）learn from sb. 向某人学习; （13）set a good example for sb. 为某人树立一个好榜样; （14）make a difference 产生影响  （15）Although he served as a backup astronaut for many years, he took every training session seriously and never missed any one of them. 尽管他担任后备航天员多年,但他认真对待每一次训练,从未错过任何一次。 （16）Her story has inspired people all over the world to go after their dreams. 她的故事激励了世界各地的人追逐他们的梦想。  （17）Jason’s story shows that small actions can make a big difference. 杰森的故事说明了小的行动能产生大的影响。 （18）I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me to help others. 我会继续努力工作,鼓励更多我身边的人去帮助别人。 谋篇布局 The Hero in My Heart Among many space heroes in our country’s history, Deng Qingming is the hero in my heart. He leaves a deep impression on me. Deng Qingming was born in Jiangxi in 1966. His family was poor, but he studied hard at school. In 1998, Deng became one of the first group of 14 astronauts for the space programme in our country. Although he served as a backup astronaut for many years, he took every training session seriously and never missed any one of them. After waiting for 24 years and 10 months, Deng finally made his space dream come true and went into space on the Shenzhou-15 spaceship. 　　I think Deng Qingming is a great man. I should learn from him. I will never give up② when things don’t go my way. 随堂训练 （1） 　　“英雄”就在我们身边。这些“英雄”可能是我们的亲人、同学、朋友、老师……请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你心目中的“小人物,大英雄”。 　　提示:(1)你心目中的英雄是谁;(2)讲述一件让你印象深刻的事;(3)对你的影响。 　　要求:(1)语意连贯,层次清晰,书写工整;(2)不少于80词。 【答案】 A Hero in My Heart 　　Everyone has a hero in his/her heart. My hero is my mother. I admire her because she has been working hard all the time and never gives up. 　　She once had to take a difficult exam. In order to pass it, she had to finish reading two books. However, she didn’t have so much time because she had to go to work and look after me. One night when I woke up, I found that she was still studying in her bedroom. I was deeply moved by what she did. I was proud of her because she succeeded in passing the exam. 　　All in all, I regard my mother as my hero. What she does always encourages me to study hard. （2） 你将参加英语作文比赛，题目是“My Small Step to Grow”，请根据以下提示完成作文，分享你的成长故事。 要点如下： （1）上学期在英语课上，当老师提问时你总是很紧张，害怕在众人面前说话。 （2）你没有放弃而是下定决心慢慢练习。 （3）你对着镜子练习说英语，在课堂上回答简单问题。 （4）现在你感觉自信了，并认识到…… 要求： （1）词数：80词左右。 （2）结构合理，层次清楚。 （3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。 （4）开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Small Step to Grow Everyone has small shortcomings (缺点), but facing and changing them helps us grow. I had such an experience last term. 【答案】      My Small Step to Grow    Everyone has small shortcomings (缺点), but facing and changing them helps us grow. I had such an experience last term.     In English class last term, I always felt nervous when the teacher asked questions. I was afraid of speaking in front of others. However, I didn’t give up. I decided to practice step by step. I practiced speaking English in front of a mirror and answered simple questions in class. Now, I feel much more confident. I dare to speak out loud in class.      I realize that small steps can lead to big changes. Growth needs courage and patience. 【总体分析】题材：材料作文（个人成长故事） 时态：一般过去时（叙述经历）和一般现在时（当前状态与感悟） 提示：需涵盖4个要点，开头已给出，词数80左右。 【写作步骤】第一步：描述过去的问题（要点1）——使用一般过去时说明英语课上的紧张情绪。 第二步：说明努力过程（要点2&3）——用连接词衔接，具体描述练习方法（镜子前练习、课堂回答）。 第三步：总结现状和感悟（要点4）——过渡到现在，强调自信提升并点明成长启示。 【亮点词汇】①be afraid of害怕 ②give up放弃 ③confident自信的 【高分句型】①I always felt nervous when the teacher asked questions.（运用when引导的时间状语从句） ②I realize that small steps can lead to big changes.（运用that引导的宾语从句） （3） 每个人心中都有自己喜欢并崇拜的英雄。假如你心中的英雄是中国著名科学家——“水稻之父”袁隆平（Yuan longping）, 请以“My hero”为题，写一篇80左右的英语短文介绍科学家袁隆平。 提示： 1930：出生于北京； 1950~1953：在西南农学院（Southwest Agricultural College）学习； 1974：发明了水稻的新品种（develop a new kind of rice）； 20 世纪 80 年代：周游世界并给出水稻的建议（travelld around the world and give advice about growing rice）； 2004：赢得世界粮食奖（win World Food Prize）； 2021：去世，享年 91 岁； Now：许多国家比以前种植更多水稻（many countuies of the world grow more rice than before），他被称为“杂交水稻之父”（the Father of Hybrid Rice）。 对他的评价：…… My hero Yuan Longping is a hero in my heart. 【答案】 My hero Yuan Longping is a hero in my heart. He was born in Beijing. He studied in Southwest Agricultural College from 1950 to 1953. In 1974, he developed a new kind of rice—Hybrid Rice. In the 1980s, he travelled around the world and gave advice about growing rice. In 2004, he won World Food Prize. In 2021, he died in Changsha at the age of 91. Because of his efforts, many countuies of the world grow more rice than before. He is called the “father of hybrid rice”. He has made a great contribution to the agriculture of the world. In my opinion, Yuan Longping is a great scientist who is worthy of the praise of the whole world. In honor of him, we must save food in our daily life and try to make contributions to our country. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文。 ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”。 ③提示：文章为第三人称，介绍科学家袁隆平，要点介绍完整，适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接短文开头，根据要点，介绍袁隆平的生平及成就； 第二步，针对其生平的介绍，谈谈你的评价并书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①at the age of在……岁时 ②because of因为 ③made a great contribution to对……做出巨大贡献 [高分句型] Yuan Longping is a great scientist who is worthy of the praise of the whole world.（who引导的定语从句） （4） 越来越多的学校意识到中学生生涯规划（career planning）的重要性。下周你校英文报刊将举办学生生涯规划展，请根据以下图示，描绘你的生涯规划并投稿。 注意： （1）须全面反映图文信息； （2）文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； （3）词数 90左右。 【答案】 Hello everyone. As the saying goes, opportunities always go to those who are prepared, so career planning not only helps me improve and enhance myself, but also allows us to move forward with goals. I want to become a doctor in 10 years because I want to treat patients. In order to achieve my dream, I am now working hard to learn cultural knowledge and strive to be admitted to a good university. Then I also need to exercise because only with good health can I better achieve my dreams. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：根据所给提示完成写作，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍生涯规划的意义； 第二步，具体阐述你的生涯规划； 第三步，最后介绍你打算如何做。 [亮点词汇] ①opportunity机会 ②not only...but also...不但……而且…… ③enhance提高 ④allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 ⑤move forward前进 ⑥achieve one’s dream实现梦想 ⑦strive to努力 [高分句型] Then I also need to exercise because only with good health can I better achieve my dreams.(倒装句) （5） 知人者智，自知者明。作为初中生，我们只有认识自己，明确自己的目标才能更好地进行决策和安排。近期，班级将开展一个职业生涯规划主题班会，假如你是Li Hua，请以“My Career Planning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你的职业规划。 内容包括： 1. 请从性格、爱好和特长中至少两个方面介绍你自己； 2. 根据以上自我分析，介绍你的职业理想； 3. 为了你的职业理想，接下来打算怎么做。 写作要求：     1. 语言通顺，条理清晰，书写规范，内容可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名； 3. 词数80—100词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 * career 职业 My Career Planning Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’m very happy to share my career planning with you. 【答案】 My Career Planning Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’m very happy to share my career planning with you. First, let me tell you about myself. I’m an outgoing and creative person, I love drawing and solving puzzles. My friends say I’m a good team player too! Thinking about my future, I dream of becoming a designer. I believe my art skills and love for problem-solving will make me excellent in these fields. I want to design beautiful and useful houses that bring joy to people’s lives. To achieve my dream, I plan to focus on art and math in school. I’ll also join art clubs to improve my skills. Learning and practicing will help me grow into a successful designer! I hope I can get your support on my journey! Let’s do it together. Thank you. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时和一般将来时； ③提示：根据提示内容介绍自己的职业规划，适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出话题，从性格、爱好和特长中至少两个方面介绍你自己； 第二步，介绍你的职业理想； 第三步，介绍为了你的职业理想，接下来打算怎么做。 [亮点词汇] ①dream of梦想 ②focus on集中注意力 [高分句型] ①Thinking about my future, I dream of becoming a designer. (现在分词作状语) ②I want to design beautiful and useful houses that bring joy to people’s lives. (that引导的定语从句) ③To achieve my dream, I plan to focus on art and math in school. (动词不定式作目的状语) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $