Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语核心语法点，系统梳理作定语时的位置（前置、后置及形容词化过去分词）、意义（及物动词表被动完成、不及物动词表完成）及与-ing形式、不定式被动形式的区别，再延伸至作宾语补足语在keep/leave等动词及with复合结构中的用法，辅以即时训练与词汇拓展，构建“语法规则-实例解析-巩固练习-词汇关联”的学习支架。 资料通过分层讲解（如done/being done/to be done对比表）和情境化练习（单句语法填空、综合填空）培养思维品质，即时训练提升语言运用能力，词汇拓展（charge/announce等）结合语法巩固学习能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可借助练习查漏补缺，强化语法与词汇综合运用。

Unit 4 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 一、过去分词作定语 1．作定语时的位置 (1)前置定语 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。 I found a broken cup on the floor. 我发现地板上有一只打破的杯子。 I found it hard to understand her spoken English. 我发现很难理解她的英语口语。 (2)后置定语 过去分词(短语)作定语时，往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 The computer center opened last year is very popular among the students in the school. ＝The computer center which was opened last year is very popular among the students in the school. 去年开放的计算机中心很受这个学校学生的欢迎。 His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading. ＝His novels which are loved by many readers are well worth reading. 他的小说深受读者喜爱，很值得一读。 (3)某些过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的有moved、interested、disappointed、shocked、puzzled等。 From his disappointed look, I knew he didn't pass the exam. 从他失望的表情来看，我知道他没有通过考试。 [即时训练1]　单句语法填空 ①I'm writing to invite you to join us in seeing a film called (call) My people, My country. ②Last week, I attended the opening ceremony designed (design) for Senior Three students in our school. ③Tsinghua University，founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. ④Most of the artists invited (invite) to the party were from South Africa. ⑤Anyone interested (interest) in model airplanes and the knowledge of space is warmly welcomed. 2．作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。 We are trying to repair the damaged houses for the villagers. 我们正努力为村民们修复受损的房屋。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. 会议上提出的计划将很快被执行。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天，地上覆盖着落叶。 The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the earth. 升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供了必需的光和热。 3．过去分词与动词­ing形式作定语时的区别 (1)语态上不同：动词­ing形式表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。 The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai Conservatory of Music. 在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。 The question discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great importance. 昨天会议上讨论过的那个问题很重要。 (2)时间关系上不同：动词­ing形式表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country. 另一方面，我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。 As is known to us, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 4．过去分词、动词­ing形式的被动形式与动词不定式的被动形式作定语时的区别 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 正在进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 [即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ①Polluted (pollute) air and water are harmful to people's health. ②The man walking (walk) around the playground is my father. ③There are still many problems to be solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep、leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He passed away，leaving his works unfinished. 他去世了，留下他的著作尚未完成。 You should keep me informed of the result of the exam. 你应该告知我考试结果。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have、get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构表示“让某事被做”。 He wants to get his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。 I'd appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to have my written English improved in a short period. 如果您能提出一个在短时间内提高我的书面英语的好方法，我将不胜感激。 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果。 The teacher spoke aloud to make himself heard. 老师为了使自己被听见而大声说话。 3．感官动词see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When people are having meals or waiting for buses, you can always find them addicted to their phones. 当人们吃饭或者等公交的时候，你会发现他们痴迷于玩手机。 The next morning, people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like、want、wish、expect、order等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager wished the work finished at the end of this week. 经理希望在本周末完成这项工作。 5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 With every problem settled, he began to think of making a journey. 随着每一个问题的解决，他开始考虑进行一次旅行。 With most of his time wasted in playing computer games, he failed in the exam. 由于大部分时间都浪费在玩电脑游戏上，所以他考试不及格。 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①I need a new passport, so I will have to have my photograph taken(take). ②He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested (interest) in his lectures. ③The teacher ordered the composition turned (turn) in at the end of this week. ④When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded (surround) by some doctors and nurses. ⑤I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed (fix) on the book. ⑥The boss wouldn't like the topic discussed (discuss) at the meeting. charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电 (1)free of charge　　免费 in charge (of) 负责，主管 in the charge of 由……负责，主管 take charge of 负责，主管 (2)charge sb for... 因……收某人的费 charge sb with... 指控某人…… [经典佳句]　If you are interested in Chinese paintings，you can visit the gallery located in the center of the city free of charge. 如果你对中国画感兴趣，你可以免费参观位于市中心的画廊。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Keep your phone charged(charge) whenever and wherever you are. ②When learning that he could have delicious dinner free of charge，tears of gratitude rolled down his cheeks. ③我将负责即将召开的主题班会，所以我写信是想征求您的建议。 ★I will be/take charge of the approaching theme class meeting，so I am writing to ask for your proposals. ★The approaching theme class meeting will be in the charge of me，so I am writing to ask for your proposals. 熟词生义：The moment we got into the helicopter, the bear charged at us with all its might. v．向前冲 announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称 (1)announce sth to sb 　向某人宣告某事 It's announced that... 据宣布…… (2)announcement n. 宣布，声称 make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 (3)announcer n. 播音员；报幕员 [经典佳句]　When the teacher announced the result to the class, I wasn't surprised at all but quite excited! 当老师向全班宣布结果的时候， 我一点都不感到意外， 而是很激动！ [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When we finally reached the ticket office, we heard it announced(announce) that all tickets had been sold out. ②I'm glad to hear you are competing for the position of English announcer(announce) on our school radio station. ③据宣布，成人礼将在下周日上午九点举行，并将持续三个小时。 It is announced that the coming­of­age ceremony will be held at 9 a．m. next Sunday and will last three hours. amount n．数量；金额 v．总计，共计；相当于，等于 the amount of...　　 ……的数量 a large/small amount of 大量的/少量的(修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数) large/small amounts of 大量的/少量的(修饰不可数名词，谓语用复数) [经典佳句]　The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year，which gradually ruins their health. 青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A large amount of money was (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood­stricken area last week. ②Large amounts of money were (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood­stricken area last week. ③我拥有大量的教学经验，适合这项志愿者工作。 Having a large amount of/large amounts of teaching experience, I am suitable for the voluntary job. 指津：修饰不可数名词的短语： a great deal of; a large amount of ; much。 approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 (1)approach sb/sth　　靠近/接近某人/某物 (2)(an) approach to (doing)sth 接近，近似；(做)某事的方法(途径) with...approaching 在某事/物快到的时候 at the approach of 在……快到的时候 [经典佳句]　As David approached the finish line, all the runners cheered him on. 当大卫接近终点线时，所有的运动员都为他加油。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/猜测加黑体词的含义/完成句子 ①At the meeting, they discussed three different approaches (approach) to the study of maths. ②Approaching(approach) the car, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. ③All the approaches to the airport were cut off because of the heavy snow.通道 ④中秋节快到了，我想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。(应用文之邀请信) With the Mid­Autumn Festival approaching, I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it. 指津：各种各样的“做事的方法”：the approach to (doing) sth　the way to do/of (doing) sth　the means of (doing) sth　the method of (doing) sth generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 (1)be generous to sb　 对某人慷慨 be generous with sth 在某方面大方 It's generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事很慷慨 (2)generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 [经典佳句]　Without your generous support and patient guidance, we wouldn't have achieved such great success. 没有你的慷慨支持和耐心指导，我们不会取得这么大的成功。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Everybody likes to get along with someone who is generous with his time and money. ②Without your generous help，I wouldn't have made such great progress in English and as a result，I can't thank you enough for your generosity(generous). ③伯纳德手里拿着钱，感谢他们的慷慨帮助，感激之泪涌上了眼眶。(读后续写之心理描写) With the money in his hand, Bernard thanked them for their generous help, tears of gratitude welling up in his eyes. 单句语法填空 1．During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined (join) up. 2．My grandparents live in the countryside. They keep a dog called (call) Ah Bao. 3．Soldiers came to rescue those buried (bury) under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes, and shelters for the homeless. 4．She was fluent in Chinese while I had difficulty with my spoken (speak) English. 5．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 6．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend) with his students. 7．To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2023. 8．The money raised(raise) at the evening will be sent to the earthquake survivors as soon as possible. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $