专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意（复习讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦阅读理解主旨大意核心考点，系统整合文章标题、文章大意、段落大意三大题型，按考情精解、知能架构、考点攻坚逻辑分层，通过考点梳理（必备知识总结）、方法指导（关键词法等解题技巧）、真题训练（近三年真题示例及解读）环节，帮助学生构建解题框架，突破概括难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用逆向法、串联法等解题策略，如结合2025年全国一卷真题用高频词“rush through”提炼标题，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。设置分层练习（真题+模拟题），通过“主题句法定位主旨句”等策略，保障有限时间内高效突破，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供精准指导。

专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查文章标题 4 真题动向 考查考生通过分析、归纳、总结等手段，提炼、概括文章标题的能力 必备知识 总结文章标题解题指导1.文章标题类设问方式2.文章标题的特点3.错误选项的特点4.解题技巧5.思维方法 关键能力 能力1 根据文章中的主题句提炼、概括文章标题。 能力2 根据文章中的各段大意总结文章标题。 命题预测 考向1 考查根据主题句或主题段提炼文章标题 考向2 考查根据文章整体，总结各段大意，最后归纳出文章标题 考点二 考查文章大意题 11 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查总结文章大意的能力 必备知识 文章大意解题指导1.解题思路2. 文章大意类设问方式3.解题技巧 命题预测 考向 在具体语篇情境中考查总结文章大意 考点三 考查段落大意题 19 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查概括段落大意的能力 必备知识 段落大意题解题指导1.整体思路2.段落大意类设问方式3.解题技巧 命题预测 考向 在具体语境中考查段落大意 命题轨迹透视 从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解考查主旨大意题1-2个，题目难度较大。命题趋势：在语篇中考查学生快速提炼、概括文章大意的能力，强化语阅读能力的提升。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 文章标题 （2025年全国一卷·阅读理解31；2.5分） （2025年全国二卷·阅读理解31；2.5分） （2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解C31，2.5分） (2024·全国甲卷B27，2.5) （2024年1月浙江高考真题D35，2.5） (2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解D35) 文章大意 （2025年北京卷·阅读理解D34，2.5分）（2025年天津第一次卷·阅读理解C50，2.5分） (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷· C31） （2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B 篇） 段落大意 （2025年全国二卷·阅读理解D 34，2.5分）（2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解D 35，2.5分）(2025·天津第一次卷·阅读理解D54，2.5) (2024·新课标I卷B 26） （2023·1月浙江卷·阅读理解C31） 2026命题 预测 预计在2026年高考中，会以多种体裁和题材语篇为命题情景，考查考生提炼、概括文章主旨大意的能力，阅读理解中的主旨大意题是必考点。 考点一 考查文章标题 1．（2025年全国一卷·阅读理解31；2.5分） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 命题解读 新情境：文章以西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性为命题情境，培养学生的关注社会生活环境的意识。 新考法：考查考生根据生活现象的介绍，概括文章标题的能力。 新角度：本题命题人打破常规以问句的形式为标题，考查角度新颖。 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 关注文章中的高频词rush through (匆匆通行) 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。当文章中没有明确的主题句时，可以从文章的每个段落中寻找反复出现的中心词，即高频词(也叫主题词)。这个高频词往往体现了文章的主旨大意。 2.（2025年全国二卷·阅读理解31；2.5分）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 命题解读 新情境：文章从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起，介绍了绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。 新考法：考查考生通过概括各段大意总结文章标题的能力。 新角度：本题命题人打破常规以主题句或主题段形式提炼文章标题的思路，考查角度新颖。 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 找出每段的主题句，概括出文章的主旨大意 虽然有些文章开头和结尾没有明显的主题句，但是每个段落都围绕一个主题来写，考生可以找出每段的主题句，弄清每个段落主要讲了什么内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后对它们进行归纳和提炼，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想。 3.（2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解C31，2.5分） A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 31．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 总结文章标题解题指导 标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。 1.文章标题类设问方式 ·The best title of the passage is ________. ·Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ·What would be the best title for the passage? ·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______. 2.文章标题的特点 ①概括性：能概括全文并体现文章的主旨； ②针对性：内涵相符，范围一致； ③新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球； ④精准性：不改变原文的意思和感情色彩 ⑤简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。 3.错误选项的特点 过于笼统， 不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出全文或全段所述内容 以偏概全， 主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点 移花接木， 偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案 无中生有， 生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系 4.解题技巧： 关键词法 反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词 主题句法 根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题 串联法 分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题 逆向法 根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项 5.思维方法： 要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。 ① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； ② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项； ③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。 能力1 根据文章中的主题句提炼、概括文章标题。 能力2 根据文章中的各段大意总结文章标题。 1.（2026·T8联考）Dark chocolate, mainly solid cocoa, is widely believed to be a healthier treat, often credited with benefits like lowering blood pressure and boosting brainpower. These claims are largely linked to flavanols (黄烷醇), compounds abundant in cocoa. However, a closer look at the scientific evidence suggests that we should be careful about eating dark chocolate. While some short-term studies, frequently funded by chocolate companies, suggested potential advantages, their results have been inconsistent. More importantly, they are too brief to reveal the long-term effects of regular consumption. Observational studies, which simply note correlations (相关性), found that people who eat more dark chocolate tend to be healthier. But this could be because they often have higher incomes and better overall lifestyles, not because of the chocolate itself. To settle the debate, a big randomized experiment was conducted. It involved older adults who took daily cocoa-flavanol supplements for several years. The findings were clear: the flavanols made no significant difference to the risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. There was one positive note — a reduction in cardiovascular (心血管的) deaths — but this single outcome is not solid proof of benefit. Crucially, obtaining a high share of flavanols from commercial dark chocolate introduces serious disadvantages. To counter cocoa’s bitterness, manufacturers add large amounts of sugar. It means a person would also consume a substantial portion of the daily recommended limit of fat, which is known to raise cholesterol (胆固醇) and harm heart health. A far healthier way to get flavanols is from foods like apples, nuts, strawberries, or green tea. Ultimately, the celebrated health benefits of dark chocolate appear to be rooted more in marketing and wishful thinking than in robust science. While enjoying it as an occasional treat is fine, relying on it as a health food is misguided. True wellness comes from a balanced diet rich in various fruits, vegetables, and beans—not from a single, sugary treat. 31．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Bitter Truth About Dark Chocolate B．A Guide to Choosing Healthy Chocolate C．The Impact of Flavanols on Your Health D．Marketing vs. Science in the Food Industry 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇第一段“Dark chocolate, mainly solid cocoa, is widely believed to be a healthier treat, often credited with benefits like lowering blood pressure and boosting brainpower. These claims are largely linked to flavanols, compounds abundant in cocoa. However, a closer look at the scientific evidence suggests that we should be careful about eating dark chocolate.(人们普遍认为，以固体可可为主的黑巧克力是更健康的零食，常被认为具有降低血压、增强脑力等益处。这些说法主要与可可中富含的黄烷醇化合物有关。然而，仔细审视科学证据会发现，我们对食用黑巧克力应持谨慎态度)”即引出对黑巧克力健康宣称的质疑。随后，文章第二、三段分析相关科学证据的薄弱之处，第四段揭示其高糖高脂的健康风险，最后一段总结其健康益处更多源于营销。全文核心在于揭示关于黑巧克力健康的“苦涩真相”。A项“The Bitter Truth About Dark Chocolate (黑巧克力的苦涩真相)”准确概括了这一主题，是文章最佳标题。故选A项。 2.（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）Dolphin communication has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range of noises to work together and stay connected. Some sounds even act like names, helping dolphins recognize one another. Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The scientists began by training an AI language model — DolphinGemma, which used 40 years of data from Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. The recordings and videos were collected by researchers at the Wild Dolphin Project (WDP). They captured not only the sounds dolphins made but also the context in which they were used. Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sound like buzzing or squeaking. Dolphins use them to talk, play, and navigate their way. The next step is to test if these AI-generated sounds work on dolphins. To do this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, two divers will wear CHAT and swim alongside the dolphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. Thea Taylor is the director of the Sussex Dolphin Project. She is not part of the DolphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it's the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said. Regardless of the outcome, the DolphinGemma team hopes their project will show how smart dolphins are. “Maybe understanding them would make us connect differently — and realize that these species have the right to a healthy existence,” says WDP founder Dr. Denise Herzing. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dolphins Play with AI. B．AI Translates Dolphin Language. C．AI Dives into Dolphin Talk. D．Dolphins Use AI to Communicate. 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). (如今，谷歌和佐治亚理工学院的研究人员希望借助人工智能，去理解海豚的语言，甚至有可能和它们进行交流。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕人工智能助力研究海豚交流展开，“AI Dives into Dolphin Talk(人工智能探索海豚的语言)” 这个标题既点明了核心工具人工智能，又突出了研究对象海豚的交流，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。 考点二 考查文章大意题 1. （2025年北京卷·阅读理解D34，2.5分） The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合题意。故选A。 2. （2025年天津第一次卷·阅读理解C50，2.5分）There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell. Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers. A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours (气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs. Ethyl mercaptan, a chemical added to natural gas so we can detect leaks, requires the amount equal to just three drops in a space the size of an Olympic swimming pool for us to detect it. It is true that our sense of smell is different from our other senses. While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel. For example, hunger or the bodily memory of an illness might create opposite reactions to the same food smell. These cross-sensory (跨感官的) influences on our smell perceptions might seem like a shortcoming, but it is rather a feature, not a problem. The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling. Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences. Smells link together impressions from all the senses, connecting them to our internal states: hunger, emotions, memories and expectations. That is why the loss of the ability to smell often leaves people depressed with a bad appetite and a lack of enjoyment from eating and drinking. Smelling makes us live our life more vividly. Spending more time among the smells of nature is an excellent way to increase our nasal (鼻子的) intelligence. 50．What does the passage focus on? A．How the sense of smell assists the working of other senses. B．How the sense of smell functions by involving other senses. C．How all the senses operate together to bring us a vivid world. D．How we can train ourselves to be sensitive smellers. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers.(事实上，人类是敏感的嗅觉动物)”结合文章围绕嗅觉展开，核心论述嗅觉并非独立运作，而是结合视觉、听觉、情绪等其他感官，通过预测、评估等过程发挥作用。由此可知，这篇文章的重点是嗅觉是如何通过与其他感官的相互作用而发挥作用的。故选B。 3.（2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B 篇） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。 记叙文的文章大意：纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。 本题是一篇记叙文，文章大意需要归纳总结文中的主要内容。 4.（2020·全国新课标II·阅读理解B 篇） Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study. C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program. 【答案】B　 【解析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。 科研报告或调查报告：反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，内容主要包括“科研实验 结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有 according to a study, a study showed/proved, this is suggested by the results of new research on, scientists recently reported, a study claimed 等。 文章大意解题指导 1.解题思路 2. 文章大意类设问方式 ·What's the main idea/point of the passage? ·The passage is mainly about ________. ·The passage is mainly concerned about ________. ·Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ·Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? ·In this passage the author discusses primarily ________. ·The subject discussed in this text is ________. ·The general/main idea of the passage is about ________. 3.解题技巧： 方法1：主题句法 解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。 (1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句 (2)根据行文标志来定位主题句 转折词 如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。 总结词 如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。 疑问句 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。 方法2：高频词法 全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 方法3：逆向思维法 在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。 1.（2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考）Last spring, Shiri Melumad, a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, gave a group of 250 people a simple writing assignment: Share advice with a friend on how to lead a healthier lifestyle. To come up with tips, some were allowed to use a traditional Google search, while others could rely only on summaries of information generated automatically with Google’s artificial intelligence. The people using AI-generated summaries wrote advice that was generic, obvious and largely unhelpful — eat healthy foods, stay hydrated and get lots of sleep!The people who found information with a traditional Google web search shared more subtle advice about focusing on the various pillars of wellness, including physical, mental and emotional health. The tech industry tells us that chatbots and new AI search tools will supercharge the way we learn and thrive, and that anyone who ignores the technology risks being left behind. But Dr. Melumad’s experiment, like other academic studies published so far on AI’s effects on the brain, found that people who rely heavily on chatbots and AI search tools for tasks like writing essays and research are generally performing worse than people who don’t use them. Welcome to the era of “brain rot”, the slang term to describe a deteriorated mental state from engaging with low-quality internet content. When we write with ChatGPT, are we even writing? The most high-profile study this year about AI’s effects on the brain came out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where researchers sought to understand how tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT could affect how people write. The study, which involved 54 college students, had a small sample size, but the results raised important questions about whether AI could suppress people’s abilities to learn. For part of the study, students were asked to write an essay ranging from 500 to 1,000 words, and they were divided into different groups: One group could write with the help of ChatGPT, a second group could look up information only with a traditional Google search, and a third group could rely only on their brains to compose their assignment. The students wore sensors that measured electrical activity in their brains. The ChatGPT users showed the lowest brain activity, which was unsurprising since they were letting the AI chatbot do the work. But the most striking revelation arose after the students finished the writing exercise. One minute after completing their essays, the students were asked to quote any part of their essay. The vast majority of ChatGPT users (83 percent) could not recall a single sentence. In contrast, the students using Google’s search engine could quote some parts, and the students who relied on no tech could recite lots of lines, with some even quoting almost the entirety of their essays literally. “It has been one minute, and you really cannot say anything?” said Nataliya Kosmyna, the research scientist at MIT Media Lab who led the study, about the ChatGPT users. “If you don’t remember what you wrote, you don’t feel ownership. Do you even care?” 34．Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of the text? A．AI tools are useless for academic tasks. B．Using AI may reduce mental engagement and memory maintenance. C．Traditional search engines are better than AI for all tasks. D．Students should avoid using technology in writing assignments. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章围绕两项研究展开，Melumad博士的实验发现依赖AI会输出缺乏细节的内容，MIT的研究则表明使用ChatGPT会降低大脑活跃度、导致使用者难以回忆自己的作品。核心主旨是使用AI可能减少精神投入（大脑活跃度低）和记忆保持（难以回忆内容）。故选B项。 2.（2026·陕西省铜川市高三一模）William Butler Yeats was born into a wealthy, artistic Irish family in Dublin in 1865. It was his father’s career as an artist that took the family to London for four years during Yeats’ boyhood. His mother was from Sligo. It was she who introduced William to the Irish folktales which permeated (渗透)his early poetry. Yeats attended art school in Dublin, but he soon left to concentrate on poetry. It was apparent that his medium was not the brush but the pen. He first began writing poetry at the age of seventeen, and two short works were published in The Dublin University Review in 1885. Yeats’s childhood and young manhood were spent between London, Sligo and Dublin, and each of these places contributed something to his poetic development. His devotion to Ireland was so intense that he returned to live in the wildest of its counties, to integrate himself with the problems of his own land, and express a life that had never been given full expression. From the countryside around Sligo he got something much more earthly — a knowledge of the life of the peasantry and of their folklore (民俗). Heavily influenced by the works of Shelley, he wrote in a conventional fashion about what every seventeen-year-old boy worries about. But as he matured as a poet, he turned to the writings on the Irish folkloric subjects that he would become the most famous for. He explored history and community through a complex blend (融合)of landscape and fantasy that inspired the next generation of Modernist poets. He learned to see his poetry as a contribution to a rejuvenated Irish culture. With the cooperation of a few others, Yeats helped to establish not only the Gaelic League but also the Irish Literary Theater. He also re-created folklore and perfected a poetry of music. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923, and remains to this day one of Ireland’s best-selling and most recognized poetic figures. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．An established Irish poet. B．The features of Irish folklore. C．The rejuvenation of Irish poetry. D．A brief introduction to Irish literature. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段介绍叶芝的出生背景、早期创作经历；第二段讲述其成长地点对诗歌创作的影响及回归乡村的经历；第三段说明其诗歌风格的转变及创作特色；第四段介绍他对爱尔兰文化的贡献；最后一段提及他获得诺贝尔文学奖及至今的地位。全文围绕叶芝这位爱尔兰诗人的生平、创作及成就展开，核心是对他的简要介绍。A项“一位杰出的爱尔兰诗人”符合全文对叶芝生平、创作及成就的介绍。故选A项。 考点三 考查段落大意题 1．（2025年全国二卷·阅读理解D 34，2.5分）节选It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。 段落大意题考查的是段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 2.（2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解D 35，2.5分）节选Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。 3.(2025·天津第一次卷·阅读理解D54，2.5)节选Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. 54．What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. (有时我们所遭遇的限制是根本性的。存在着一些自然法则，即便我们的大脑变得再先进，我们也可能永远无法理解。还有一些实验我们可能永远无法进行。我们或许永远无法验证是什么导致了宇宙的诞生，以及是什么导致了宇宙诞生的原因。这就是科学可能永远无法取得突破的地方。)”可知，第4段传达了有些关于宇宙的谜题远远超出了科学探索的范畴。故选A。 4.(2024新课标I卷)B篇 26题 Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 记叙文往往没有明显的主题句，因为记叙文以记叙和描述性的语言讲述人和物的故事，所以，在总结段意时，我们要从字里行间中体会、感悟作者的意图，总结出段落大意。 5.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇节选） This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (　)32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. 【答案】B 【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same…the accuracy of the estimate will go down.”可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消,就会产生更准确的估计,独立估计的平均因误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式。 段落大意题解题指导 1.整体思路 2.段落大意类设问方式 ·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...? ·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________. ·The first paragraph is mainly about ________. ·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1? ·What is the first paragraph mainly about? 3.解题技巧： 段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。 1.（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）Established in 2012, The Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids. Prospective members have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit (存) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and follow other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops. 25．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．A novel way to recycle solid waste. B．Benefits of joining the student bank. C．The bank’s establishment and history. D．Membership requirements for the bank. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Established in 2012, The Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids. Prospective members have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit (存) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and follow other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.(成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家面向儿童的合作银行。有意加入的成员必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物，并设立储蓄目标。一旦被接受，所有银行“合作伙伴”必须每月至少再存入一公斤可回收物，并遵守其他要求，如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。)”可知，本段主要介绍了加入该银行成为会员的要求。故选D项。 2.（2026·浙江省宁波市鄞州区鄞州中学适应性考试）Revealing how the youngest brains remember may help advance understanding of language acquisition and could have implications for parenting and early education. More generally, the mysterious workings of memory early in life may hold clues about why we lose memory in the normal course of aging. 35．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the study. B．Kids’ language learning. C．Parenting in early education. D．Memory loss in aging. 【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中“Revealing how the youngest brains remember may help advance understanding of language acquisition and could have implications for parenting and early education. More generally, the mysterious workings of memory early in life may hold clues about why we lose memory in the normal course of aging.(揭示最年幼的大脑如何记忆可能有助于增进对语言习得的理解，并可能对育儿和早期教育产生影响。更一般地说，生命早期记忆的神秘运作可能为我们为何在正常衰老过程中失去记忆提供线索。)”由此可知，最后一段主要讨论了揭示最年幼的大脑如何记忆的重要性，包括对语言习得的理解、对育儿和早期教育的影响，以及对人类在正常衰老过程中失去记忆的原因的启示。因此，最后一段主要讲述了研究的意义。故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查文章标题 4 真题动向 考查考生通过分析、归纳、总结等手段，提炼、概括文章标题的能力 必备知识 总结文章标题解题指导1.文章标题类设问方式2.文章标题的特点3.错误选项的特点4.解题技巧5.思维方法 关键能力 能力1 根据文章中的主题句提炼、概括文章标题。 能力2 根据文章中的各段大意总结文章标题。 命题预测 考向1 考查根据主题句或主题段提炼文章标题 考向2 考查根据文章整体，总结各段大意，最后归纳出文章标题 考点二 考查文章大意题 10 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查总结文章大意的能力 必备知识 文章大意解题指导1.解题思路2. 文章大意类设问方式3.解题技巧 命题预测 考向 在具体语篇情境中考查总结文章大意 考点三 考查段落大意题 17 真题动向 在语篇情境中考查概括段落大意的能力 必备知识 段落大意题解题指导1.整体思路2.段落大意类设问方式3.解题技巧 命题预测 考向 在具体语境中考查段落大意 命题轨迹透视 从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解考查主旨大意题1-2个，题目难度较大。命题趋势：在语篇中考查学生快速提炼、概括文章大意的能力，强化语阅读能力的提升。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 文章标题 （2025年全国一卷·阅读理解31；2.5分） （2025年全国二卷·阅读理解31；2.5分） （2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解C31，2.5分） (2024·全国甲卷B27，2.5) （2024年1月浙江高考真题D35，2.5） (2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解D35) 文章大意 （2025年北京卷·阅读理解D34，2.5分）（2025年天津第一次卷·阅读理解C50，2.5分） (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷· C31） （2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B 篇） 段落大意 （2025年全国二卷·阅读理解D 34，2.5分）（2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解D 35，2.5分）(2025·天津第一次卷·阅读理解D54，2.5) (2024·新课标I卷B 26） （2023·1月浙江卷·阅读理解C31） 2026命题 预测 预计在2026年高考中，会以多种体裁和题材语篇为命题情景，考查考生提炼、概括文章主旨大意的能力，阅读理解中的主旨大意题是必考点。 考点一 考查文章标题 1．（2025年全国一卷·阅读理解31；2.5分） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 命题解读 新情境：文章以西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性为命题情境，培养学生的关注社会生活环境的意识。 新考法：考查考生根据生活现象的介绍，概括文章标题的能力。 新角度：本题命题人打破常规以问句的形式为标题，考查角度新颖。 关注文章中的高频词rush through (匆匆通行) 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。当文章中没有明确的主题句时，可以从文章的每个段落中寻找反复出现的中心词，即高频词(也叫主题词)。这个高频词往往体现了文章的主旨大意。 2.（2025年全国二卷·阅读理解31；2.5分）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 命题解读 新情境：文章从一个室内植物网店销售火爆说起，介绍了绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内植物的健康生活。 新考法：考查考生通过概括各段大意总结文章标题的能力。 新角度：本题命题人打破常规以主题句或主题段形式提炼文章标题的思路，考查角度新颖。 找出每段的主题句，概括出文章的主旨大意 虽然有些文章开头和结尾没有明显的主题句，但是每个段落都围绕一个主题来写，考生可以找出每段的主题句，弄清每个段落主要讲了什么内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后对它们进行归纳和提炼，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想。 3.（2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解C31，2.5分） A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 31．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The future of gardening is WILD． B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C．Matrix gardens need more CARE. D．Old garden plots work WONDERS. 总结文章标题解题指导 标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。 1.文章标题类设问方式 ·The best title of the passage is ________. ·Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ·What would be the best title for the passage? ·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______. 2.文章标题的特点 ①概括性：能概括全文并体现文章的主旨； ②针对性：内涵相符，范围一致； ③新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球； ④精准性：不改变原文的意思和感情色彩 ⑤简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。 3.错误选项的特点 过于笼统， 不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出全文或全段所述内容 以偏概全， 主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点 移花接木， 偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案 无中生有， 生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系 4.解题技巧： 关键词法 反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词 主题句法 根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题 串联法 分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题 逆向法 根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项 5.思维方法： 要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。 ① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； ② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项； ③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。 能力1 根据文章中的主题句提炼、概括文章标题。 能力2 根据文章中的各段大意总结文章标题。 1.（2026·T8联考）Dark chocolate, mainly solid cocoa, is widely believed to be a healthier treat, often credited with benefits like lowering blood pressure and boosting brainpower. These claims are largely linked to flavanols (黄烷醇), compounds abundant in cocoa. However, a closer look at the scientific evidence suggests that we should be careful about eating dark chocolate. While some short-term studies, frequently funded by chocolate companies, suggested potential advantages, their results have been inconsistent. More importantly, they are too brief to reveal the long-term effects of regular consumption. Observational studies, which simply note correlations (相关性), found that people who eat more dark chocolate tend to be healthier. But this could be because they often have higher incomes and better overall lifestyles, not because of the chocolate itself. To settle the debate, a big randomized experiment was conducted. It involved older adults who took daily cocoa-flavanol supplements for several years. The findings were clear: the flavanols made no significant difference to the risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. There was one positive note — a reduction in cardiovascular (心血管的) deaths — but this single outcome is not solid proof of benefit. Crucially, obtaining a high share of flavanols from commercial dark chocolate introduces serious disadvantages. To counter cocoa’s bitterness, manufacturers add large amounts of sugar. It means a person would also consume a substantial portion of the daily recommended limit of fat, which is known to raise cholesterol (胆固醇) and harm heart health. A far healthier way to get flavanols is from foods like apples, nuts, strawberries, or green tea. Ultimately, the celebrated health benefits of dark chocolate appear to be rooted more in marketing and wishful thinking than in robust science. While enjoying it as an occasional treat is fine, relying on it as a health food is misguided. True wellness comes from a balanced diet rich in various fruits, vegetables, and beans—not from a single, sugary treat. 31．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Bitter Truth About Dark Chocolate B．A Guide to Choosing Healthy Chocolate C．The Impact of Flavanols on Your Health D．Marketing vs. Science in the Food Industry 2.（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）Dolphin communication has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range of noises to work together and stay connected. Some sounds even act like names, helping dolphins recognize one another. Now, researchers at Google and Georgia Tech hope to understand dolphin speech — and maybe even talk to them — with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The scientists began by training an AI language model — DolphinGemma, which used 40 years of data from Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. The recordings and videos were collected by researchers at the Wild Dolphin Project (WDP). They captured not only the sounds dolphins made but also the context in which they were used. Once ready, DolphinGemma could produce sounds similar to the recordings. About half were just ocean noise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dolphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sound like buzzing or squeaking. Dolphins use them to talk, play, and navigate their way. The next step is to test if these AI-generated sounds work on dolphins. To do this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, two divers will wear CHAT and swim alongside the dolphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dolphin whistle to “ask” for an object, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the object back and forth. If a dolphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. Thea Taylor is the director of the Sussex Dolphin Project. She is not part of the DolphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautions that the researchers must be sure the dolphins are communicating — not just copying sounds to get the object. “We have to think whether that's actually an understanding of language — or whether it's the same as teaching a dog to sit because they get a reward,” Taylor said. Regardless of the outcome, the DolphinGemma team hopes their project will show how smart dolphins are. “Maybe understanding them would make us connect differently — and realize that these species have the right to a healthy existence,” says WDP founder Dr. Denise Herzing. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dolphins Play with AI. B．AI Translates Dolphin Language. C．AI Dives into Dolphin Talk. D．Dolphins Use AI to Communicate. 考点二 考查文章大意题 1. （2025年北京卷·阅读理解D34，2.5分） The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 2. （2025年天津第一次卷·阅读理解C50，2.5分）There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell. Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers. A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours (气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs. Ethyl mercaptan, a chemical added to natural gas so we can detect leaks, requires the amount equal to just three drops in a space the size of an Olympic swimming pool for us to detect it. It is true that our sense of smell is different from our other senses. While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel. For example, hunger or the bodily memory of an illness might create opposite reactions to the same food smell. These cross-sensory (跨感官的) influences on our smell perceptions might seem like a shortcoming, but it is rather a feature, not a problem. The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling. Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences. Smells link together impressions from all the senses, connecting them to our internal states: hunger, emotions, memories and expectations. That is why the loss of the ability to smell often leaves people depressed with a bad appetite and a lack of enjoyment from eating and drinking. Smelling makes us live our life more vividly. Spending more time among the smells of nature is an excellent way to increase our nasal (鼻子的) intelligence. 50．What does the passage focus on? A．How the sense of smell assists the working of other senses. B．How the sense of smell functions by involving other senses. C．How all the senses operate together to bring us a vivid world. D．How we can train ourselves to be sensitive smellers. 3.（2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B 篇） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 记叙文的文章大意：纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。 本题是一篇记叙文，文章大意需要归纳总结文中的主要内容。 4.（2020·全国新课标II·阅读理解B 篇） Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study. C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program. 科研报告或调查报告：反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，内容主要包括“科研实验 结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果，因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有 according to a study, a study showed/proved, this is suggested by the results of new research on, scientists recently reported, a study claimed 等。 文章大意解题指导 1.解题思路 2. 文章大意类设问方式 ·What's the main idea/point of the passage? ·The passage is mainly about ________. ·The passage is mainly concerned about ________. ·Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ·Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? ·In this passage the author discusses primarily ________. ·The subject discussed in this text is ________. ·The general/main idea of the passage is about ________. 3.解题技巧： 方法1：主题句法 解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。 (1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句 (2)根据行文标志来定位主题句 转折词 如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。 总结词 如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。 疑问句 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。 方法2：高频词法 全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 方法3：逆向思维法 在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。 1.（2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考）Last spring, Shiri Melumad, a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, gave a group of 250 people a simple writing assignment: Share advice with a friend on how to lead a healthier lifestyle. To come up with tips, some were allowed to use a traditional Google search, while others could rely only on summaries of information generated automatically with Google’s artificial intelligence. The people using AI-generated summaries wrote advice that was generic, obvious and largely unhelpful — eat healthy foods, stay hydrated and get lots of sleep!The people who found information with a traditional Google web search shared more subtle advice about focusing on the various pillars of wellness, including physical, mental and emotional health. The tech industry tells us that chatbots and new AI search tools will supercharge the way we learn and thrive, and that anyone who ignores the technology risks being left behind. But Dr. Melumad’s experiment, like other academic studies published so far on AI’s effects on the brain, found that people who rely heavily on chatbots and AI search tools for tasks like writing essays and research are generally performing worse than people who don’t use them. Welcome to the era of “brain rot”, the slang term to describe a deteriorated mental state from engaging with low-quality internet content. When we write with ChatGPT, are we even writing? The most high-profile study this year about AI’s effects on the brain came out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where researchers sought to understand how tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT could affect how people write. The study, which involved 54 college students, had a small sample size, but the results raised important questions about whether AI could suppress people’s abilities to learn. For part of the study, students were asked to write an essay ranging from 500 to 1,000 words, and they were divided into different groups: One group could write with the help of ChatGPT, a second group could look up information only with a traditional Google search, and a third group could rely only on their brains to compose their assignment. The students wore sensors that measured electrical activity in their brains. The ChatGPT users showed the lowest brain activity, which was unsurprising since they were letting the AI chatbot do the work. But the most striking revelation arose after the students finished the writing exercise. One minute after completing their essays, the students were asked to quote any part of their essay. The vast majority of ChatGPT users (83 percent) could not recall a single sentence. In contrast, the students using Google’s search engine could quote some parts, and the students who relied on no tech could recite lots of lines, with some even quoting almost the entirety of their essays literally. “It has been one minute, and you really cannot say anything?” said Nataliya Kosmyna, the research scientist at MIT Media Lab who led the study, about the ChatGPT users. “If you don’t remember what you wrote, you don’t feel ownership. Do you even care?” 34．Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of the text? A．AI tools are useless for academic tasks. B．Using AI may reduce mental engagement and memory maintenance. C．Traditional search engines are better than AI for all tasks. D．Students should avoid using technology in writing assignments. 2.（2026·陕西省铜川市高三一模）William Butler Yeats was born into a wealthy, artistic Irish family in Dublin in 1865. It was his father’s career as an artist that took the family to London for four years during Yeats’ boyhood. His mother was from Sligo. It was she who introduced William to the Irish folktales which permeated (渗透)his early poetry. Yeats attended art school in Dublin, but he soon left to concentrate on poetry. It was apparent that his medium was not the brush but the pen. He first began writing poetry at the age of seventeen, and two short works were published in The Dublin University Review in 1885. Yeats’s childhood and young manhood were spent between London, Sligo and Dublin, and each of these places contributed something to his poetic development. His devotion to Ireland was so intense that he returned to live in the wildest of its counties, to integrate himself with the problems of his own land, and express a life that had never been given full expression. From the countryside around Sligo he got something much more earthly — a knowledge of the life of the peasantry and of their folklore (民俗). Heavily influenced by the works of Shelley, he wrote in a conventional fashion about what every seventeen-year-old boy worries about. But as he matured as a poet, he turned to the writings on the Irish folkloric subjects that he would become the most famous for. He explored history and community through a complex blend (融合)of landscape and fantasy that inspired the next generation of Modernist poets. He learned to see his poetry as a contribution to a rejuvenated Irish culture. With the cooperation of a few others, Yeats helped to establish not only the Gaelic League but also the Irish Literary Theater. He also re-created folklore and perfected a poetry of music. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923, and remains to this day one of Ireland’s best-selling and most recognized poetic figures. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．An established Irish poet. B．The features of Irish folklore. C．The rejuvenation of Irish poetry. D．A brief introduction to Irish literature. 考点三 考查段落大意题 1．（2025年全国二卷·阅读理解D 34，2.5分）节选It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 段落大意题考查的是段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 2.（2025年1月浙江卷·阅读理解D 35，2.5分）节选Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The quality of genderless products. B．The upside of gendering a product. C．The meaning of anthropomorphism. D．The stereotypes of men and women. 3.(2025·天津第一次卷·阅读理解D54，2.5)节选Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. 54．What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 4.(2024新课标I卷)B篇 26题 Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 记叙文往往没有明显的主题句，因为记叙文以记叙和描述性的语言讲述人和物的故事，所以，在总结段意时，我们要从字里行间中体会、感悟作者的意图，总结出段落大意。 5.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇节选） This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (　)32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. 要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式。 段落大意题解题指导 1.整体思路 2.段落大意类设问方式 ·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...? ·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________. ·The first paragraph is mainly about ________. ·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1? ·What is the first paragraph mainly about? 3.解题技巧： 段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。 1.（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）Established in 2012, The Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids. Prospective members have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit (存) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and follow other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops. 25．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．A novel way to recycle solid waste. B．Benefits of joining the student bank. C．The bank’s establishment and history. D．Membership requirements for the bank. 2.（2026·浙江省宁波市鄞州区鄞州中学适应性考试）Revealing how the youngest brains remember may help advance understanding of language acquisition and could have implications for parenting and early education. More generally, the mysterious workings of memory early in life may hold clues about why we lose memory in the normal course of aging. 35．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the study. B．Kids’ language learning. C．Parenting in early education. D．Memory loss in aging. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $