Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试卷-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Unit4 Space Exploration单元测试卷（答案） 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 1-5: ABBBC 6-10: BBBDB 11-15: BB B CC 第二节（七选五） 16-20: C G A D E 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 21-25: BBBCA 26-30: BACCC 31-35: ADBAC 第二节 语法填空 36. administered 37. has been / is 38. unseen 39. establishing 40. planned 41. achievement 42. highlighting 43. to 44. closer 45. unlocking 第三部分 翻译句子 46. Manned spaceflight requires overcoming many technological and physiological challenges. 47. This probe/rover is designed to study the atmosphere and soil of Mars. 48. The International Space Station is a shining example of international/cross-border cooperation. 49. Exploring the universe not only satisfies our curiosity but also drives technological progress. 50. Scientists are searching for signs of possible life in the solar system. 第四部分 书面表达（参考范文） I believe human space exploration should continue for several compelling reasons. Firstly, it drives technological innovation. The extreme challenges of space force us to develop new technologies, which often lead to practical applications on Earth, such as improved medical devices and water purification systems. Secondly, it addresses fundamental human questions about our origins and place in the universe. Finding evidence of life elsewhere or understanding planetary changes can teach us more about our own planet and future. Exploration is part of human nature, and by reaching into space, we secure our future and expand our knowledge for all humanity. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 Space Exploration单元测试卷（试题） 考试时间：90分钟 总分：100分 班级： 姓名： 学号： 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The dream of reaching space became a reality on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite. This tiny beeping sphere, no larger than a beach ball, marked the beginning of the Space Age and triggered the “Space Race” between the USSR and the USA. Just a few years later, on April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth, uttering the famous phrase, “Poyekhali!” (Let’s go!). These early achievements demonstrated the incredible potential of rocket technology and human courage, shifting space exploration from science fiction to a new frontier of scientific and national competition. 1. What event marked the official beginning of the Space Age? A. The launch of Sputnik 1. B. The first moon landing. C. Yuri Gagarin’s flight. D. The founding of NASA. 2. What was the immediate geopolitical consequence of Sputnik 1’s launch? A. It ended the Cold War. B. It started the “Space Race.” C. It proved Earth was round. D. It united all countries for space exploration. 3. What is Yuri Gagarin most famous for? A. Building the first rocket. B. Being the first human to orbit Earth. C. Landing on the moon. D. Inventing the satellite. B The Apollo program, run by NASA, achieved one of humanity’s greatest feats. On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 lunar module “Eagle” landed on the Moon’s Sea of Tranquility. Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins orbited above. Armstrong’s words, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind,” echoed around the world. The Apollo missions (11 through 17) brought back hundreds of kilograms of moon rocks, vastly expanding our scientific understanding of the Moon’s composition and history. This “Giant Leap” was not just a technological triumph but a symbol of what humanity can accomplish through determination and international effort in science. 4. Who stayed in the command module while Armstrong and Aldrin walked on the Moon? A. Yuri Gagarin. B. Michael Collins. C. A Soviet cosmonaut. D. Mission Control on Earth. 5. What was a major scientific contribution of the Apollo missions? A. They discovered water on the Moon immediately. B. They proved no one could live in space. C. They brought back lunar samples for study. D. They found buildings on the Moon. 6. How does the author describe the moon landing’s significance beyond technology? A. As a purely American victory. B. As a symbol of human potential and accomplishment. C. As the end of space exploration. D. As an event only important for scientists. C Modern space exploration is increasingly a global partnership, not a competition. The International Space Station (ISS) is the prime example. A joint project of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada, it has been continuously inhabited by astronauts since 2000. Aboard the ISS, scientists conduct experiments in microgravity that are impossible on Earth, advancing fields like medicine, biology, and materials science. These experiments have led to developments in water purification, drug development, and understanding muscle atrophy. The ISS demonstrates that when nations collaborate, the benefits of space exploration can be shared by all, paving the way for future joint missions to the Moon and Mars. 7. What is the key feature of the International Space Station mentioned in the text? A. It is owned and operated by a single country. B. It is an example of international cooperation. C. It is located on the Moon. D. It is no longer in use. 8. What major advantage does the ISS’s microgravity environment provide? A. It makes everything heavier. B. It allows for experiments impossible on Earth. C. It prevents any scientific research. D. It is only useful for astronomical observation. 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit from ISS research? A. Advances in water purification. B. Progress in drug development. C. Understanding muscle loss in space. D. Inventing a new rocket fuel. D The next giant target for human spaceflight is Mars. However, a crewed mission presents enormous challenges. The journey itself could take 6-9 months one-way, exposing astronauts to long-term radiation and microgravity effects. Landing on Mars is complex due to its thin atmosphere. Astronauts would then have to live and work on the Martian surface for over a year before the planets align for a return trip. They would need to produce their own oxygen and possibly water from Martian resources—a process called “in-situ resource utilization.” Robotic missions like NASA’s Perseverance rover are currently exploring Mars, searching for signs of past life and testing technologies needed for future human visits. While the challenges are immense, solving them will push the boundaries of engineering, medicine, and human resilience, with potential spin-off benefits for life on Earth. 10. What is the greatest challenge mentioned for the journey to Mars? A. The cost of the spaceship. B. The long travel time and associated health risks (radiation, microgravity). C. The lack of interesting scenery. D. The difficulty of finding Mars in the sky. 11. What does “in-situ resource utilization” on Mars likely mean? A. Using resources brought entirely from Earth. B. Using resources found on Mars to support the mission. C. Abandoning all resources. D. Selling Martian resources. 12. What is the current role of robotic missions like Perseverance? A. They are preparing to bring astronauts home. B. They are exploring and testing technologies for future human missions. C. They are building cities on Mars. D. They have finished all work about Mars. 13. The phrase “spin-off benefits” in the last sentence refers to ______. A. problems caused by space exploration B. unexpected useful applications for Earth that result from solving space challenges C. the spinning of planets D. financial losses 14. What is the author’s overall attitude towards a crewed Mars mission? A. Dismissive, seeing it as impossible. B. Fearful of the dangers. C. Acknowledging the challenges but recognizing its potential value. D. Angry about the high cost. 15. Which statement best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A. Mars is too dangerous and should not be explored. B. Robotic missions are useless. C. A human mission to Mars is extremely challenging but could drive innovation and is being prepared for by current robotic exploration. D. We already have all the technology needed to go to Mars. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Explore Space? Common Questions Answered Many people wonder why we invest resources in space exploration when there are pressing problems on Earth. Here are some key responses to this important question. Technological and Medical Advances. The challenges of space force us to innovate. ___16___ For example, the need for miniaturized, powerful computing for spacecraft helped drive the development of modern microchips. Research on the International Space Station has led to advances in osteoporosis treatment and water purification systems used worldwide. Earth Observation and Protection. Satellites are vital for monitoring climate change, tracking weather patterns, managing natural resources, and assisting in disaster response. ___17___ Without satellites, our understanding and ability to protect our planet would be severely limited. Economic Opportunities. The “space economy” is growing, including satellite telecommunications, GPS navigation, and asteroid mining. ___18___ It creates high-tech jobs and can lead to new industries. Inspiration and Education. Space exploration captures the human imagination. It inspires young people to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). ___19___ The Human Spirit. Exploration is a fundamental part of who we are. Pushing boundaries answers deep questions about our place in the universe and whether life exists elsewhere. The knowledge gained belongs to all humanity. Solving Earth’s problems and exploring space are not mutually exclusive. ___20___ The curiosity and ingenuity sparked by reaching for the stars have always been key drivers of human progress. A. These activities generate significant economic value. B. Therefore, we should stop all space programs immediately. C. The solutions developed often have practical applications on Earth. D. It reminds us that we share one fragile planet. E. In fact, they can work together, as space technology often provides tools to address terrestrial issues. F. Space exploration is only for entertainment. G. They give us a global perspective on environmental issues. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I was ten years old when I first saw the live stream of a spacecraft landing on Mars. The grainy images, the tense voices of mission control, and then the ___21___ cheer when “Touchdown confirmed!” was announced—it all captivated me. That night, I lay in bed, staring at the ceiling, imagining myself standing on the red, dusty surface, looking up at a small, blue dot in the sky: Earth. That dream became an ___22___. I devoured books on rockets and planets. I built model rockets that often crashed but sometimes soared. In school, I focused on physics and math, the ___23___ of spaceflight. My parents, though not scientists, always encouraged my curiosity. “The sky is not the limit,” my father would say with a wink. The path was not easy. The training to become an astronaut is famously ___24___, demanding peak physical and mental fitness, engineering knowledge, and the ability to remain calm under extreme pressure. There were moments of ___25___, especially during difficult university courses. But the image of that Mars landing, the symbol of human ___26___, always pulled me forward. Years later, I found myself not on Mars, but in a mission control center. I was part of the team ___27___ a robotic rover on the Martian surface. My job was to analyze geological data. One day, our rover drilled into a rock that showed clear signs of once having been laid down in ___28___. This was a major clue in the search for past life. As the data flashed on my screen, I felt that same thrill I had as a ten-year-old. I wasn’t standing on Mars, but through the “eyes” and “hands” of our machine, I was ___29___ it. I realized then that exploration takes many forms. Not every explorer wears a spacesuit. Some design the spacecraft, some write the software, some analyze the data. We are all part of a vast, ___30___ effort to extend human presence and understanding into the cosmos. My childhood dream adapted, but it never died. It transformed from a desire for personal ___31___ to a commitment to contributing to a collective human achievement. Space exploration, I learned, is a relay race across generations. We stand on the shoulders of the engineers of Sputnik, the courage of Gagarin, and the brilliance of the Apollo teams. Our work today builds the ___32___ for the next generation who may indeed walk on Mars. Now, when I talk to students, I tell them my story. I tell them that passion is the fuel, but ___33___ is the engine. I tell them that their dream might change shape, and that’s okay. The important thing is to let that curiosity guide them towards science, learning, and the ___34___ to solve great puzzles. Whether they become astronauts, engineers, or doctors, the spirit of exploration—the drive to see what’s over the next hill, or on the next planet—can ___35___ everything they do. Look up, I say. The universe is waiting. 21. A. silent B. sudden C. polite D. nervous 22. A. obstacle B. obsession C. option D. order 23. A. languages B. foundations C. histories D. arts 24. A. relaxing B. rewarding C. rigorous D. random 25. A. doubt B. pride C. humor D. peace 26. A. weakness B. ingenuity C. conflict D. origin 27. A. operating B. building C. repairing D. drawing 28. A. fire B. wind C. water D. space 29. A. leaving B. fearing C. touching D. remembering 30. A. individual B. competitive C. collaborative D. secret 31. A. glory B. wealth C. safety D. freedom 32. A. wall B. bridge C. stage D. foundation 33. A. luck B. persistence C. talent D. fame 34. A. desire B. reluctance C. inability D. trick 35. A. limit B. describe C. inspire D. simplify 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space program, ___36___ (administer) by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), has made remarkable strides in recent decades. The Chang’e lunar exploration program, named after the mythical Chinese moon goddess, ___37___ (be) a series of increasingly complex missions. Chang’e 4 made history in 2019 by achieving the first-ever soft landing on the far side of the Moon. Its rover, Yutu-2, continues to explore this ___38___ (see) terrain. The program’s future aims include collecting and returning lunar samples and potentially ___39___ (establish) a robotic research station. Furthermore, China has successfully launched the core module of its ___40___ (plan) space station, Tiangong (Heavenly Palace), and sent crews of taikonauts (Chinese astronauts) to live and work there. This ___41___ (achieve) marks China as the third country to independently master human spaceflight technology. International scientists have been invited to propose experiments for Tiangong, ___42___ (highlight) a move toward cooperation. These accomplishments are not just about national pride; they contribute ___43___ global scientific knowledge. They demonstrate China’s growing technological capability and its commitment to becoming a major player in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. The journey is long, but each mission, each launch, brings humanity one step ___44___ (close) to ___45___ (unlock) the mysteries of our cosmic neighborhood. 第三部分 翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，要求使用括号内所给的单词或短语。 46. 载人航天飞行需要克服许多技术和生理上的挑战。(manned spaceflight) 47. 这个探测器被设计用来研究火星的大气和土壤。(be designed to) 48. 国际空间站是跨国合作的一个光辉典范。(a shining example of) 49. 探索宇宙不仅满足了我们的好奇心，也推动了科技进步。(not only...but also...) 50. 科学家们正在寻找太阳系中可能存在生命的迹象。(signs of) 第四部分 书面表达（满分15分） 假设你是李华，你校英文报“Science & Future”专栏正在征文，讨论太空探索的价值。请你写一篇短文，阐述你认为人类为什么应该继续探索太空，并给出至少两个理由。 注意：词数80左右。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $