UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ-(配套练习)【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(人教版)
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Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
Standing① in the cold wind made the hunter feel uncomfortable.The surrounding② environment was disappointing③.He decided to leave to avoid getting④ into trouble.But he was about to turn around and leave when he heard the roar of a tiger.The situation was frightening⑤.He knew that the government prohibited hunting⑥ tigers, so he needed to leave as soon as possible.Fortunately, the hunter’s car was not far from him.He returned to the car as quickly as possible. Leaving⑦ this forest had become what he most wanted to do at that moment!
①处动词-ing形式作主语;
②处动词-ing形式作定语;
③处动词-ing形式作表语;
④处动词-ing形式作宾语;
⑤处动词-ing形式作表语;
⑥处动词-ing形式作宾语;
⑦处动词-ing形式作主语。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
【先感悟】
诵读下列例句并感知加黑部分的共性
(1)(教材例句)We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
(2)(教材例句)However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
(3)(教材例句)Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
(4)We don’t allow smoking here or you’ll risk being fined by us.
(5)Whoever breaks the law will never escape being punished in the end.
【会发现】
以上句子中黑体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
【善归纳】
1.动词-ing形式作动词的宾语
可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记忆:
喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy、 consider、 imagine)
停止冒险可避免(stop、 risk、 avoid)
要求完成不拖延(require、 finish、 delay)
承认建议勤操练(admit、 suggest、 practise)
逃避介意可原谅(escape、 mind、 excuse)
忍受保持不喜欢(stand、 keep、 dislike)
其他动词还有advise、 allow、 permit、 miss、 appreciate等。
I suggest doing it in a different way.
我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事。
Would you mind opening the door?
你介意打开门吗?
I enjoy chatting with them.
我喜欢和他们聊天。
2.动词-ing形式作介词或者动词短语的宾语
这类动词短语有think of、 give up、 aim at、 put off、 insist on、 persist in、 be good at、 do well in、 keep on、 leave off、 feel like、 be tired (afraid、 capable、 fond) of、 set about等。
其中to作介词的动词短语有be used to、 object to、 devote oneself to、 stick to、 keep to、 respond to、 look forward to、 see to、 be accustomed to、 adapt to、 apply to、 get to、 get down to、 prefer ...to、 adjust to、 owe to、 react to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持按照自己的方法做。
The old couple have been used to living in the countryside.这对老夫妇已经习惯生活在乡下了。
3.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语皆可,但含义不同。常见的有
动词
宾语的形式
意义
forget
to do
忘记做……
doing
忘记做过……
remember
to do
记着要去做……
doing
记得做过……
动词
宾语的形式
意义
regret
to do
遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing
后悔做了……
try
to do
尽力做……
doing
尝试做……
mean
to do
打算做……
doing
意味着……
go on
to do
接着做(另外一件事)
doing
接着做(同一件事)
stop
to do (作目的状语)
停下来去做某事
doing
停止做某事
Try to write better in the exam.
考试时尽量要写得更好些。
Since the front door won’t open,why not try opening the back door?
既然前门打不开,为何不试一试开后门呢?
4.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于动词不定式的被动形式
need/want/require/deserve doing
=need/want/require/deserve to be done
The old temple needs
这座古庙需要修葺一下。
5.在allow、 advise、 encourage、 forbid、 permit、 recommend等动词后面直接跟宾语时,要用动词-ing形式;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其宾语补足语用带to的动词不定式。
We don’t allow smoking.我们不允许吸烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke.
我们不允许学生吸烟。
【运用练】 单句语法填空
①One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct) them.
②You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (walk) home in the snowstorm.
③His arm was not in a sling, and showed no sign of (damage).
④He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn’t risk (lose) the good opportunity.
⑤We would appreciate (inform) about the matter promptly.
二、动词-ing形式(动名词)作表语
【先感悟】
诵读下列例句并感知加黑部分的共性
(1)(教材例句)A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
(2)(教材例句)Perhaps the best example is smiling.
(3)The most important thing is getting there on time.
(4)Those comic books are very interesting to young people.
(5)His task is operating the large machine that has been running all along.
【会发现】
以上句子中黑体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作 。
【善归纳】
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1.现在分词作表语,往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。
The result of the game was disappointing.
比赛结果令人失望。
His life story sounds very moving.
他的人生故事听起来很感人。
名师点津
作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、 interesting、 encouraging、 exciting、 inspiring、 boring、 surprising、 puzzling、 amusing、 astonishing等,这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
2.动名词作表语多表示抽象性或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.
我厌烦独自在这里等待。
My hobby is collecting stamps.
我的爱好是集邮。
3.动词-ing形式作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释,这时主语和表语位置可以互换。
My job is looking after the children.
我的工作是照看这些孩子。
What I hate most is being laughed at.
=Being laughed at is what I hate most.
我最恨的就是被嘲笑。
【运用练】 单句语法填空
①The key to successful small talk is (learn) how to connect with others, not just to communicate with them.
②As far as I’m concerned, the result is very (disappoint).
③What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more (convince).
④By comparison, his worst habit is (smoke) while having dinner.
1.lack v.没有;缺乏n.缺乏;短缺的东西
教材原句 His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks confidence.
他与人交谈时缺乏眼神交流表明他缺乏自信。
【用法】
(1)for lack of ... 因缺乏……
a lack of ... 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的
be lacking in ... 缺少……
【佳句】 ①Though Jack lacked experience, he made up for it with enthusiasm.
虽然杰克缺乏经验,但是他以满腔的热情来弥补这一不足。
②Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
【写美】 一句多译
②由于缺乏足够的训练,我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。
→ , we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语作状语)
→ , we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(动词-ing短语作状语)
2.call on (短暂地)访问,拜访;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;号召
教材原句 We intended to visit the theme park but ended up calling on Professor Zhang.
我们原打算参观主题公园,但最后却拜访了张教授。
【用法】
call at (火车等)停靠;拜访(某地)
call back 回电话;收回
call for 需要;要求;接(人或物)
call off 取消
call up 给……打电话;使……想起
call out 召集;出动;大声叫唤
call in 叫……来(帮忙)
【佳句】 If necessary, I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficulty.如果有必要的话,我会号召我的同班同学给你捐款,以帮助你渡过难关。
【练透】 用call的相关短语填空
①The game was because of the bad weather.
②The old picture memories of his childhood.
③The problem is that this kind of work a lot of patience.
【写美】 完成句子
④在地球日的前一周,学校里贴满了海报,号召我们保护环境。
A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, .
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Your duties will be easy, which include (check) the post and distributing it.
2.Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day (look) at screens.
3.Our defeat was expected but it is (disappoint) nevertheless.
4.I’m writing to apologise for not (arrive) on time to pick you up yesterday.
5.It is (amaze) that not one of them saw the writing on the wall.
6.After (get) up, I used to invite my friends to go for a morning run in the park.
7.The little boy stopped (cry) when he saw the new toy car and began to play with it.
8.I am sorry to know that you are having trouble (deal) with your parents.
9.It is time that we should take action to prevent the river from (pollute).
10.The speech he delivered to the students was (inspire) and touched my heart.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.他每天忙于工作,这让他几乎没有时间和孩子一起玩。
He , which has made him have little time to play with his child.
2.每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。
can enlarge your vocabulary.
3.我梦想着环游世界,过上幸福的生活。
I around the world and .
4.如果你羞于和他交谈,那么你可以通过给他写信的方式告诉他你的感觉。
If you are too shy to talk with him, you can tell him about your feelings .
5.尽管我是一个残疾人,但我在日常生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。
While I’m a disabled man, I always in my daily life.
提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ
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Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【重难语法·要攻克】
一、会发现 宾语
运用练 ①correcting ②walking ③having been damaged ④losing ⑤being informed
二、会发现 表语
运用练 ①learning ②disappointing ③convincing ④smoking
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①lacking ②For lack of enough training; Lacking enough training
2.①called off ②called up ③calls for
④calling on us to protect our environment
【随堂检测·要过关】
Ⅰ.1.checking 2.looking 3.disappointing 4.arriving
5.amazing 6.getting 7.crying 8.dealing
9.being polluted 10.inspiring
Ⅱ.1.is busy working every day
2.Remembering some new words every day
3.dream of travelling; living a happy life
4.by writing him a letter/by writing to him
5.enjoy helping others
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