摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单全面梳理了“Unit 6 A United Effort”单元内容,涵盖核心词汇、重点短语、核心句型及语法拓展(过去进行时)四大知识范畴,为学生搭建了从“词汇搭配记忆”到“句型情境应用”再到“语法结构掌握”的递进式学习架构。
清单采用“分类呈现+情境关联”的方式组织知识体系,如核心词汇“rescue”标注动词/名词双重词性及“rescue mission”搭配,核心句型“May I have your ticket and passport, please?”明确机场实用场景,培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。特别设计“语法信号词列表”和“例句功能备注”,如过去进行时的“while”“at this time yesterday”等信号词,不同基础学生可快速掌握,教师能据此设计分层教学,提升课堂效率。
内容正文:
Unit 6 A United Effort 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词
音标
中文释义
词性
备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
cooperate
/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/(英)/koʊˈɑːpəreɪt/(美)
合作;协作
v.
搭配cooperate with sb.(与某人合作),例:The two countries cooperated to save the whales.(两国合作拯救了鲸鱼)
cooperation
/kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/(英)/koʊˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn/(美)
合作;协作
n.
不可数名词,international cooperation(国际合作),例:Cooperation between nations can solve big problems.(国家间的合作能解决大问题)
rescue
/ˈreskjuː/
营救;解救
v./n.
动词:rescue sb./sth.(营救某人/某物);名词:a rescue mission(营救任务),例:The icebreaker helped with the whale rescue.(破冰船协助了鲸鱼营救行动)
whale
/weɪl/
鲸
n.
可数名词,gray whale(灰鲸),例:Two gray whales were trapped under the ice.(两条灰鲸被困在冰下)
icebreaker
/ˈaɪsbreɪkə(r)/
破冰船
n.
可数名词,Soviet icebreaker(苏联破冰船),例:An icebreaker cut a pathway through the thick ice.(破冰船在厚冰中开辟了一条通道)
trap
/træp/
困住;使陷入困境
v./n.
动词:be trapped(被困);名词:a trap(陷阱),例:The whales were trapped under the ice for two weeks.(鲸鱼被困在冰下两周)
urgent
/ˈɜːdʒənt/(英)/ˈɜːrdʒənt/(美)
紧急的;迫切的
adj.
搭配urgent request(紧急请求),例:They sent an urgent fax asking for help.(他们发送了紧急传真求助)
request
/rɪˈkwest/
请求;要求
v./n.
动词:request sth.(要求某物);名词:a formal request(正式请求),例:The environmentalist made a request for an icebreaker.(环保主义者请求调派破冰船)
detailed
/dɪˈteɪld/
详细的;细致的
adj.
搭配detailed photos(详细照片)、detailed plan(详细计划),例:They provided detailed maps of the ice area.(他们提供了冰区的详细地图)
involve
/ɪnˈvɒlv/(英)/ɪnˈvɑːlv/(美)
卷入;参与
v.
搭配be involved in(卷入;参与),例:Many countries were involved in the rescue.(许多国家参与了这次营救)
teammate
/ˈtiːmmeɪt/
队友;协作伙伴
n.
可数名词,work as teammates(作为队友合作),例:The Americans and Soviets became teammates in the rescue.(美国人和苏联人在营救中成为了协作伙伴)
Cold War
/ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː(r)/(英)/ˌkoʊld ˈwɔːr/(美)
冷战
n.
专有名词,例:The story happened during the Cold War.(这个故事发生在冷战期间)
Inuit
/ˈɪnjuɪt/
因纽特人;爱斯基摩人
n.
可数名词(单复数同形),the native Inuits(土著因纽特人),例:The Inuits tried to help the trapped whales.(因纽特人试图帮助被困的鲸鱼)
stretch
/stretʃ/
延伸;绵延
v.
搭配stretch for kilometers(绵延数公里),例:The ice stretched for kilometers around the whales.(冰在鲸鱼周围绵延数公里)
pathway
/ˈpɑːθweɪ/(英)/ˈpæθweɪ/(美)
小道;通道
n.
可数名词,a pathway through ice(冰中的通道),例:The icebreaker opened a pathway for the whales.(破冰船为鲸鱼开辟了一条通道)
meantime
/ˈmiːntaɪm/
在此期间;与此同时
adv.
搭配in the meantime(在此期间),例:In the meantime, the whales struggled to breathe.(在此期间,鲸鱼挣扎着呼吸)
immediately
/ɪˈmiːdiətli/
立即;马上
adv.
修饰动词,例:He contacted the government immediately after hearing the news.(听到消息后,他立即联系了政府)
politics
/ˈpɒlətɪks/(英)/ˈpɑːlətɪks/(美)
政治;政治学
n.
不可数名词,例:Some things are more important than politics.(有些事情比政治更重要)
politician
/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/(英)/ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃn/(美)
政治家;政客
n.
可数名词,例:The politicians agreed to cooperate for the rescue.(政治家们同意为营救合作)
broadcast
/ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/(英)/ˈbrɔːdkæst/(美)
广播;播送
v./n.
动词:broadcast a program(广播节目);名词:a radio broadcast(电台广播),例:The story was broadcast on national TV.(这个故事在全国电视上播出)
drama
/ˈdrɑːmə/(英)/ˈdræmə/(美)
戏剧;广播剧
n.
可数名词,a fictional drama(虚构广播剧),例:They listened to a drama about alien attacks.(他们听了一部关于外星人袭击的广播剧)
二、重点短语
英文短语
中文释义
搭配/例句
check in
(在机场)办理登机手续
You need to check in two hours before the flight.(你需要在航班起飞前两小时办理登机手续)
board a plane
登机;上飞机
Passengers began to board the plane at 10:50.(乘客们在10点50分开始登机)
economy class
(客机的)经济舱
He bought a ticket for economy class to save money.(为了省钱,他买了经济舱机票)
business class
(客机的)商务舱
This is the business class check-in counter.(这是商务舱办理登机手续的柜台)
window seat
靠窗的座位
Would you like a window seat or an aisle seat?(你想要靠窗的座位还是靠过道的座位?)
aisle seat
靠过道的座位
She chose an aisle seat for easier movement.(为了活动方便,她选了靠过道的座位)
in the meantime
在此期间;与此同时
The whales were struggling to breathe; in the meantime, the icebreaker was on its way.(鲸鱼在挣扎着呼吸,与此同时,破冰船正在赶来)
set aside
搁置;不顾
They set aside their differences to save the whales.(他们搁置分歧,拯救鲸鱼)
trap under
被困在……下面
The miners were trapped under the mine for three days.(矿工们被困在矿井下三天)
cut holes
凿洞;打孔
The Inuits cut large holes in the ice for the whales to breathe.(因纽特人在冰上凿了大洞,让鲸鱼呼吸)
work together
合作;共同努力
People from different countries worked together to solve the problem.(来自不同国家的人们共同努力解决了这个问题)
bring together
使团结;使聚集
The rescue mission brought the two countries together.(这次营救任务让两国团结在了一起)
be involved in
卷入;参与
He was involved in organizing the international cooperation.(他参与了国际合作的组织工作)
三、核心句型
句型结构
中文释义
例句
备注(用法说明)
May I have your ticket and passport, please?
请出示您的机票和护照好吗?
May I have your ticket and passport, please? I need to check you in.(请出示您的机票和护照好吗?我需要为您办理登机手续)
机场登机常用礼貌句型,用于核对乘客信息
Are you traveling alone?
您是独自旅行吗?
Are you traveling alone or with your family?(您是独自旅行还是和家人一起?)
询问乘客旅行随行情况
Do you have any baggage?
您有行李吗?
Do you have any baggage to check in?(您有需要托运的行李吗?)
询问乘客行李情况,可替换为Are you carrying any luggage?
Sb. was/were doing sth. when ...
某人正在做某事时,突然……
The whales were swimming near Alaska when they got trapped under the ice.(鲸鱼正在阿拉斯加附近游动,突然被困在了冰下)
过去进行时与一般过去时连用,表“背景+突发动作”
While sb. was/were doing sth., sb. else was doing sth.
当某人正在做某事时,另一个人正在做某事。
While the Inuits were cutting holes in the ice, the environmentalist was asking for help.(当因纽特人在冰上凿洞时,环保主义者正在求助)
表过去两个同时进行的动作
As a result, + 主句
结果……
They cooperated closely; as a result, the whales were saved successfully.(他们密切合作,结果鲸鱼成功获救)
表因果关系,引出结果
It was + adj. + to do sth.
做某事是……的。
It was unusual to see the two countries working together during the Cold War.(冷战期间,看到这两个国家合作是很罕见的)
it 作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式
Sb. decided to do sth. in order to ...
某人为了……决定做某事。
They decided to set aside their differences in order to save the whales.(为了拯救鲸鱼,他们决定搁置分歧)
in order to 表目的,可置于句首或句末
四、语法拓展:过去进行时(Past Continuous Tense)详解
1. 核心用法
用法
含义
例句
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
强调动作在过去特定时间点正在发生
What were you doing at 8 last night?(昨晚8点你正在做什么?)
表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作
动作持续于过去某一时间段内
They were preparing for the rescue for two days.(他们为营救准备了两天)
表示过去两个同时进行的动作
常用while连接,强调“同时进行”
While she was cooking, he was reading a book.(她做饭时,他正在看书)
表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行
突发动作用一般过去时,持续动作用过去进行时
The phone rang when I was having dinner.(我正在吃饭时,电话响了)
2. 结构形式
· 肯定式:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他
· 例:He was working on the plan.(他正在制定计划)/ They were cutting ice holes.(他们正在凿冰洞)
· 否定式:主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他
· 例:She was not (wasn’t) watching TV.(她没在看电视)/ They were not (weren’t) giving up.(他们没有放弃)
· 疑问式:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
· 例:Was he sleeping at that time?(那时他在睡觉吗?)/ Were they cooperating with each other?(他们在相互合作吗?)
3. 信号词
· 特定时间点:at 8 last night(昨晚8点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、when the accident happened(事故发生时)
· 时间段:from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon(昨天下午3到5点)、while(当……时)
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