内容正文:
Unit 12 Review 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词
音标
中文释义
词性
备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
review
/rɪˈvjuː/
复习;回顾;评论
v./n.
动词:review key points(复习重点);名词:final review(期末复习),例:We need to review Units 9-11 before the exam.(考试前我们需要复习9-11单元)
technology
/tekˈnɒlədʒi/
科技;技术
n.
不可数名词,modern technology(现代科技)、develop technology(发展科技),例:Technology has changed our life greatly.(科技极大地改变了我们的生活)
destiny
/ˈdestəni/
命运;天命
n.
可数名词,change destiny(改变命运)、face destiny(面对命运),例:Everyone should bravely face their own destiny.(每个人都应勇敢面对自己的命运)
character
/ˈkærəktə(r)/
人物;性格;角色
n.
可数名词,movie character(电影角色)、good character(良好品格),例:Ender is a character with courage and wisdom.(安德是一个兼具勇气与智慧的角色)
predict
/prɪˈdɪkt/
预测;预言
v.
搭配predict the future(预测未来)、predict trends(预测趋势),例:It’s hard to predict what will happen tomorrow.(很难预测明天会发生什么)
value
/ˈvæljuː/
重视;价值
v./n.
动词:value friendship(重视友谊);名词:the value of honesty(诚实的价值),例:We should value the time we spend with family.(我们应该珍惜与家人相处的时光)
handle
/ˈhændl/
处理;应对;把手
v./n.
动词:handle problems(处理问题);名词:door handle(门把手),例:He can handle difficult situations calmly.(他能冷静应对困难局面)
guilty
/ˈɡɪlti/
内疚的;有罪的
adj.
搭配feel guilty(感到内疚)、be guilty of(犯有……罪),例:She felt guilty for not keeping her promise.(她因没遵守承诺而感到内疚)
humankind
/ˌhjuːmənˈkaɪnd/
人类
n.
不可数名词,save humankind(拯救人类),例:Scientists are working hard to protect humankind from disasters.(科学家们正努力保护人类免受灾难)
lifestyle
/ˈlaɪfstaɪl/
生活方式
n.
可数名词,healthy lifestyle(健康的生活方式),例:A balanced diet is part of a healthy lifestyle.(均衡饮食是健康生活方式的一部分)
replace
/rɪˈpleɪs/
取代;替换
v.
搭配replace sb./sth.(取代某人/某物),例:Machines can’t replace human creativity.(机器无法取代人类的创造力)
violence
/ˈvaɪələns/
暴力;暴行
n.
不可数名词,against violence(反对暴力),例:We should say no to violence.(我们应该对暴力说不)
province
/ˈprɒvɪns/
省;省份
n.
可数名词,Liaoning Province(辽宁省),例:Harbin is a beautiful city in Heilongjiang Province.(哈尔滨是黑龙江省一座美丽的城市)
courage
/ˈkʌrɪdʒ/
勇气;胆量
n.
不可数名词,have the courage to do(有勇气做……),例:It takes courage to face difficulties.(面对困难需要勇气)
achievement
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/
成就;成绩
n.
可数名词,great achievement(伟大的成就),例:His achievements in science are widely praised.(他在科学领域的成就是广受赞誉)
magician
/məˈdʒɪʃn/
魔术师
n.
可数名词,famous magician(著名魔术师),例:The magician showed us amazing tricks.(魔术师给我们表演了精彩的魔术)
二、重点短语
英文短语
中文释义
搭配/例句
prepare for the future
为未来做准备
We should learn useful skills to prepare for the future.(我们应该学习有用的技能为未来做准备)
take into account
把……考虑在内
When choosing a job, we should take our interests into account.(选择工作时,我们应该考虑自己的兴趣)
in the future
在未来
People will live a more convenient life in the future.(未来人们会过上更便捷的生活)
take over
接管;接替
Computers will not take over all human jobs.(电脑不会接管所有人类的工作)
on the other hand
另一方面
Living in big cities is convenient; on the other hand, it’s crowded.(住在大城市很便捷,另一方面却很拥挤)
as a result
结果;因此
He studied hard; as a result, he passed the exam easily.(他努力学习,因此轻松通过了考试)
for example
例如;比如
Many animals help humans, for example, dogs guide the blind.(许多动物帮助人类,比如狗引导盲人)
feel guilty about
对……感到内疚
He felt guilty about forgetting his friend’s birthday.(他因忘记朋友的生日而感到内疚)
be up to sb.
由某人决定;取决于某人
It is up to you to decide when to start.(何时开始由你决定)
face destiny
面对命运
The hero chose to face his destiny bravely.(英雄选择勇敢面对自己的命运)
science fiction
科幻小说;科幻作品
I like reading science fiction because it’s imaginative.(我喜欢读科幻小说,因为它富有想象力)
in danger
处于危险中
The environment is in danger due to pollution.(由于污染,环境正处于危险中)
realize one’s dream
实现梦想
With hard work, everyone can realize their dreams.(通过努力,每个人都能实现自己的梦想)
三、核心句型
句型结构
中文释义
例句
备注(用法说明)
Although/Though/Even though + 从句, 主句
虽然/尽管/即使……,但是……
Although he is young, he has a lot of experience.(尽管他年纪小,却有丰富的经验)
让步状语从句,主句不可加but,even though语气最强
It is + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是……的/某人做某事真是……的
It is important for us to protect the environment.(对我们来说保护环境很重要)/ It is kind of you to help me.(你能帮我真是太好了)
for表“对某人来说”,of表“某人的品质”
Sb. may/might/could + 动词原形
某人/某物可能会……
He might not come to the party because he is busy.(他可能不会来参加派对,因为他很忙)
may/might/could表推测,might/could可能性更低,否定式为may not/might not
The + 名词 + that/who + 定语从句
……的……(人/物)……
The girl who won the competition is my classmate.(赢得比赛的女孩是我的同学)
that/who指代先行词,在从句中作主语或宾语
As a result, + 主句
结果……
He didn’t study hard; as a result, he failed the test.(他没努力学习,结果考试不及格)
表因果关系,引出结果,需用逗号与前句隔开
It is up to sb. to do sth.
做某事取决于某人;由某人负责做某事
It is up to the team to make the final decision.(最终决定由团队负责)
up to sb. 后接不定式,表“某人有责任/决定权”
There might be + 名词 + ...
可能会有……
There might be a heavy rain this evening.(今晚可能会有大雨)
表对未来事物存在的推测
Sb. be supposed to do sth.
某人应该做某事
We are supposed to finish our homework on time.(我们应该按时完成作业)
表“按规定/常理应该做某事”
四、语法综合梳理
1. 冠词(the/a/an/零冠词)核心用法整合
冠词类型
核心用法
例句
定冠词the
特指双方已知的人/物
Close the window, please.(请关上那扇窗户)
定冠词the
修饰序数词、形容词最高级
She is the best student in our class.(她是我们班最优秀的学生)
定冠词the
用于世界上独一无二的事物
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起)
不定冠词a/an
泛指某一类人/物中的一个
He is a doctor.(他是一名医生)/ She has an apple.(她有一个苹果)
零冠词
泛指的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词前
Dogs are loyal animals.(狗是忠诚的动物)/ Water is important.(水很重要)
零冠词
学科、语言、三餐、球类等名词前
I like English.(我喜欢英语)/ We have breakfast at 7 a.m.(我们早上7点吃早饭)
2. 情态动词may/might/could表推测进阶
情态动词
适用场景
语气强度
例句
may
对现在/未来的推测,表“可能”
较强(50%-70%)
He may come to the meeting.(他可能会来参加会议)
might
对现在/未来的推测,语气更委婉
较弱(30%-50%)
She might not attend the party.(她可能不会参加派对)
could
对现在/未来的推测,或过去的能力
较弱(30%-50%)
They could be lost in the forest.(他们可能在森林里迷路了)/ He could run fast when he was young.(他年轻时能跑得很快)
注意
否定推测用may not/might not(可能不),不能用can’t(不可能)
-
He may not be at home now.(他现在可能不在家)≠ He can’t be at home now.(他现在不可能在家)
3. 核心过渡词功能对比
过渡词
功能
例句
however
表转折(然而)
Technology is useful; however, it has disadvantages.(科技很有用,然而也有缺点)
on the other hand
表对比(另一方面)
The job pays well; on the other hand, it’s tiring.(这份工作薪水高,另一方面却很累)
as a result
表结果(因此)
The weather was bad; as a result, the trip was canceled.(天气不好,因此旅行取消了)
for example
表举例(例如)
Many students like sports, for example, basketball and running.(许多学生喜欢运动,例如篮球和跑步)
although/though
表让步(虽然)
Although he is busy, he always spends time with family.(尽管他很忙,还是总抽出时间陪家人)
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