UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦动词-ing形式作宾语和表语核心语法点，通过情境短文回顾其作主语、定语等功能建立知识关联，再分两模块按“先感悟教材与补充例句—会发现共性—善归纳规律（如接动名词动词口诀、与不定式区别等）—运用练巩固”的学习支架展开，系统构建语法认知。 资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维语法观为指导，“先感悟”环节结合教材例句增强熟悉度，“善归纳”用口诀、表格对比提升思维品质，练习涵盖单句、写作及语篇题型，课中助教师引导学生感知归纳，课后助学生自主查漏补缺，全面提升语言能力与学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语 　　Standing① in the cold wind made the hunter feel uncomfortable.The surrounding② environment was disappointing③.He decided to leave to avoid getting④ into trouble.But he was about to turn around and leave when he heard the roar of a tiger.The situation was frightening⑤.He knew that the government prohibited hunting⑥ tigers， so he needed to leave as soon as possible.Fortunately， the hunter’s car was not far from him.He returned to the car as quickly as possible. Leaving⑦ this forest had become what he most wanted to do at that moment！ ①处动词-ing形式作主语； ②处动词-ing形式作定语； ③处动词-ing形式作表语； ④处动词-ing形式作宾语； ⑤处动词-ing形式作表语； ⑥处动词-ing形式作宾语； ⑦处动词-ing形式作主语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、动词-ing形式作宾语 【先感悟】 诵读下列例句并感知加蓝部分的共性 （1）（教材例句）We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. （2）（教材例句）However， you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany， as it is not considered polite. （3）（教材例句）Elsewhere， people favour shaking hands， bowing from the waist， or nodding the head when they meet someone else. （4）We don’t allow smoking here or you’ll risk being fined by us. （5）Whoever breaks the law will never escape being punished in the end. 【会发现】 以上句子中蓝体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作　宾语　。 【善归纳】 1.动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记忆： 喜欢考虑要想象（enjoy、 consider、 imagine） 停止冒险可避免（stop、 risk、 avoid） 要求完成不拖延（require、 finish、 delay） 承认建议勤操练（admit、 suggest、 practise） 逃避介意可原谅（escape、 mind、 excuse） 忍受保持不喜欢（stand、 keep、 dislike） 其他动词还有advise、 allow、 permit、 miss、 appreciate等。 I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事。 Would you mind opening the door？ 你介意打开门吗？ I enjoy chatting with them. 我喜欢和他们聊天。 2.动词-ing形式作介词或者动词短语的宾语 这类动词短语有think of、 give up、 aim at、 put off、 insist on、 persist in、 be good at、 do well in、 keep on、 leave off、 feel like、 be tired （afraid、 capable、 fond） of、 set about等。 其中to作介词的动词短语有be used to、 object to、 devote oneself to、 stick to、 keep to、 respond to、 look forward to、 see to、 be accustomed to、 adapt to、 apply to、 get to、 get down to、 prefer ...to、 adjust to、 owe to、 react to等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持按照自己的方法做。 The old couple have been used to living in the countryside.这对老夫妇已经习惯生活在乡下了。 3.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） doing 接着做（同一件事） stop to do （作目的状语） 停下来去做某事 doing 停止做某事 Try to write better in the exam. 考试时尽量要写得更好些。 Since the front door won’t open，why not try opening the back door？ 既然前门打不开，为何不试一试开后门呢？ 4.下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式 need/want/require/deserve doing ＝need/want/require/deserve to be done The old temple needs 这座古庙需要修葺一下。 5.在allow、 advise、 encourage、 forbid、 permit、 recommend等动词后面直接跟宾语时，要用动词-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其宾语补足语用带to的动词不定式。 We don’t allow smoking.我们不允许吸烟。 We don’t allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①One learns a language by making mistakes and 　correcting　 （correct） them. ②You can’t imagine what difficulty we had 　walking　 （walk） home in the snowstorm. ③His arm was not in a sling， and showed no sign of 　having been damaged　 （damage）. ④He got well-prepared for the interview， for he couldn’t risk 　losing　 （lose） the good opportunity. ⑤We would appreciate 　being informed　 （inform） about the matter promptly. 二、动词-ing形式（动名词）作表语 【先感悟】 诵读下列例句并感知加蓝部分的共性 （1）（教材例句）A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. （2）（教材例句）Perhaps the best example is smiling. （3）The most important thing is getting there on time. （4）Those comic books are very interesting to young people. （5）His task is operating the large machine that has been running all along. 【会发现】 以上句子中蓝体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作　表语　。 【善归纳】 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1.现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。 The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 His life story sounds very moving. 他的人生故事听起来很感人。 名师点津 作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、 interesting、 encouraging、 exciting、 inspiring、 boring、 surprising、 puzzling、 amusing、 astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 2.动名词作表语多表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 What I am tired of is waiting here alone. 我厌烦独自在这里等待。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 3.动词-ing形式作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释，这时主语和表语位置可以互换。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作是照看这些孩子。 What I hate most is being laughed at. ＝Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最恨的就是被嘲笑。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①The key to successful small talk is 　learning　 （learn） how to connect with others， not just to communicate with them. ②As far as I’m concerned， the result is very 　disappointing　 （disappoint）. ③What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more 　convincing　 （convince）. ④By comparison， his worst habit is 　smoking　 （smoke） while having dinner. 1.lack v.没有；缺乏n.缺乏；短缺的东西 教材原句　His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks confidence. 他与人交谈时缺乏眼神交流表明他缺乏自信。 【用法】 （1）for lack of ...　　　因缺乏…… a lack of ...　　缺乏…… （2）lacking adj.　　短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in ...　　缺少…… 【佳句】　①Though Jack lacked experience， he made up for it with enthusiasm. 虽然杰克缺乏经验，但是他以满腔的热情来弥补这一不足。 ②Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Though 　lacking　 （lack） money， his parents managed to send him to a university. 【写美】　一句多译 ②由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 →　For lack of enough training　， we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.（介词短语作状语） →　Lacking enough training　， we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.（动词-ing短语作状语） 2.call on （短暂地）访问，拜访；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请；号召 教材原句　We intended to visit the theme park but ended up calling on Professor Zhang. 我们原打算参观主题公园，但最后却拜访了张教授。 【用法】 call at　　（火车等）停靠；拜访（某地） call back　　回电话；收回 call for　　需要；要求；接（人或物） call off　　取消 call up　　给……打电话；使……想起 call out　　召集；出动；大声叫唤 call in　　叫……来（帮忙） 【佳句】　If necessary， I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficulty.如果有必要的话，我会号召我的同班同学给你捐款，以帮助你渡过难关。 【练透】　用call的相关短语填空 ①The game was 　called off　 because of the bad weather. ②The old picture 　called up　 memories of his childhood. ③The problem is that this kind of work 　calls for　 a lot of patience. 【写美】　完成句子 ④在地球日的前一周，学校里贴满了海报，号召我们保护环境。 A week before Earth Day， posters were put up around our school， 　calling on us to protect our environment　. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Your duties will be easy， which include 　checking　 （check） the post and distributing it. 2.Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day 　looking　 （look） at screens. 3.Our defeat was expected but it is 　disappointing　 （disappoint） nevertheless. 4.I’m writing to apologise for not 　arriving　 （arrive） on time to pick you up yesterday. 5.It is 　amazing　 （amaze） that not one of them saw the writing on the wall. 6.After 　getting　 （get） up， I used to invite my friends to go for a morning run in the park. 7.The little boy stopped 　crying　 （cry） when he saw the new toy car and began to play with it. 8.I am sorry to know that you are having trouble 　dealing　 （deal） with your parents. 9.It is time that we should take action to prevent the river from 　being polluted　 （pollute）. 10.The speech he delivered to the students was 　inspiring　 （inspire） and touched my heart. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.他每天忙于工作，这让他几乎没有时间和孩子一起玩。 He 　is busy working every day　， which has made him have little time to play with his child. 2.每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。 　Remembering some new words every day　 can enlarge your vocabulary. 3.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。 I 　dream of travelling　 around the world and 　living a happy life　. 4.如果你羞于和他交谈，那么你可以通过给他写信的方式告诉他你的感觉。 If you are too shy to talk with him， you can tell him about your feelings 　by writing him a letter/by writing to him　. 5.尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在日常生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。 While I’m a disabled man， I always 　enjoy helping others　 in my daily life. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.People will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet by 　eating　 （eat） more fast food. 2.I still remember 　visiting　 （visit） a friend who’d lived here for five years and she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 3.It is high time that we should take immediate action to prevent the river from 　being polluted　 （pollute）. 4.The key to a successful small talk is 　learning　 （learn） how to connect with others， not just communicate with them. 5.I think I’ll have to give up 　playing　 （play） football because of the coming examination. 6.Scientists have responded by 　noting　 （note） that hungry bears may be gathering around human settlements. 7.A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 　being　 （be） Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. 8.What worries me most is her 　staying　 （stay） too late every night. 9.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 　dying　 （die） early by running. 10.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 　looking　 （look） directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.我们航空工业的发展是非常令人振奋的。 The development of our aviation industry is 　quite encouraging/inspiring　. 2.他的任务之一就是为爬山准备一些食物和饮用水。 One of his tasks 　is preparing some food and drinking water　 for the climbing. 3.他自从退休后就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。 He has been dreaming of 　travelling along the Silk Road　 since he retired. 4.莫言写的这本书值得再读一次。 This book written by Mo Yan is worth 　reading again　. 5.当我们再次执行这项任务的时候，我们必须尽量避免犯同样的错误。 When we carry out this task again，we must try to avoid 　making the same mistakes　. Ⅰ.完形填空 　　Throughout history， people have always communicated with each other not only by speech but also by 　1　 of the hands and body.It is， 　2　， only in the last few years that such communication has been studied widely.This kind of communication is 　3　 to be body language or non-verbal communication. 　　People sometimes wonder whether you know 　4　 body language works.It is of course possible to read books on the subject but you also need to 　5　 time watching people’s movements.A 　6　 is a particularly good place for such a thing， as there people can be seen openly 　7　 anger， sorrow， happiness， impatience （不耐烦） and many other human 　8　 by means of movements. 　　If you 　9　 the sound on your television and try to understand what is happening simply by watching the picture， you will learn 　10　 about communication without words.By turning the sound back up 　11　 five minutes or so， it is possible to check how 　12　 your understanding is. 　　Having studied the art of body language， you will have an 　13　 at a boring party.You will be able to sit on your own for the whole evening and 　14　 yourself by both watching and interpreting （解读） the 　15　 language of all the other people there. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。纵观历史，人们之间的交流不仅局限于语言的交流而且也通过肢体语言进行交流。 1.A.shake　 B.touch C.movements　 D.senses 解析：C　人们通过手和身体的动作进行交流。shake摇动，挥动；touch接触；movement动作，移动，运动；sense感官，感觉。 2.A.whatever　 B.whenever　　 C.wherever　 D.however 解析：D　根据only in the last few years that ...可知，此处与上文之间存在转折关系，用however。 3.A.imagined　 B.considered　　 C.expected　 D.found 解析：B　这种交流被认为是肢体语言或非语言交流。imagine想象；consider认为，看作；expect预计，期望；find发现。 4.A.why　 B.what　　 C.how　 D.where 解析：C　本句中的动词work是不及物动词，不缺少宾语，排除代词what；再根据句意“……你是否知道身势语是如何起作用的”可知，应选择how。 5.A.save　 B.use　　 C.pass　 D.spend 解析：D　spend可以用于词组spend time doing sth，其他三个词没有这个用法。 6.A.railway station　 B.kindergarten　　 C.classroom　 D.village 解析：A　根据openly和anger， sorrow， happiness， impatience等可知，railway station （火车站）是一个人群特别密集的地方，可能在众目睽睽之下出现各种各样的表情。 7.A.speaking　 B.offering　　 C.expressing　 D.feeling 解析：C　express常与anger， sorrow， happiness等表示情感的词连用。 8.A.expressions　 B.emotions　　 C.opinions　 D.characteristics 解析：B　anger， sorrow， happiness和impatience等属于人的情感。expression表情；emotion情感；opinion看法；characteristic特征。 9.A.turn over　 B.turn on　　 C.turn off　 D.turn down 解析：D　根据下文By turning the sound back ...or so可知，此处指把音量调低，turn down与turn up相对。turn over翻转，仔细考虑；turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn down调低。 10.A.even more　 B.even less　　 C.too much　 D.too little 解析：A　本文是讲述身势语的作用，此处表示“借助画面你也许会知道得更多”。 11.A.each　 B.every　　 C.all　 D.both 解析：B　表示“每隔多久/每……”要用“every＋一段时间”。 12.A.well　 B.quick　　 C.exact　 D.strange 解析：C　此处表示“核实一下自己理解的准确程度”。well身体健康的；quick迅速的；exact准确的；strange奇怪的。 13.A.appointment　 B.action　　 C.advantage　 D.accident 解析：C　对于掌握了身势语艺术的人来说，应该是具备了一种优势。 14.A.enjoy　 B.help　　 C.behave　 D.teach 解析：A　因为是参加聚会，所以过得愉快。enjoy oneself过得愉快；help oneself自取，自用；behave oneself规规矩矩；举止得体；teach oneself自学。 15.A.body　 B.spoken　　 C.written　 D.facial 解析：A　根据本段第一句中的body language可得出答案body。body language身势语；spoken language口语；written language书面语；facial language面部语言。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　I have never liked my English name.My parents didn’t know that Cindy was short for Cynthia， or that Cindy Brady was the Cindy of the moment.They 16.　　　　　　 （choose） it because it sounds like my Chinese name， Shin-tzer. 　　My name isn’t full of flowers like most Chinese girls’ names.My grandfather wanted me to have 17.　　　　　　 （strong） of character， not mere physical beauty.“Cindy” seems colorless by comparison.It’s just a couple of syllables that sound good together. 　　I grew up 18.　　　　　　 （speak） English and eating with a fork.Yet the customs about names are extremely 19.　　　　　　 （tradition）， down to our use of an ancient naming poem. 　　Most Chinese names are 20.　　　　　　 of a kind， a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family’s hopes for the child.It was March when my brother and his wife 21.　　　　　　 （expect） their second boy.The emails began to fly as we conferred about the baby’s Chinese name.My brother’s wife is Korean， so the name had to sound good 22.　　　　　　 Korean， too.One thing was certain — his name would contain the word “shi”， or “world”， 23.　　　　　　 can also mean “generation”.We are on the 24.　　　　 （six） word of a couplet that my family has used to name its 25.　　　　　　 （son） for generations. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己名字的由来及成长经历，介绍了中国人起名的特点及寓意。 16.chose　考查时态。父母为作者起名字发生在过去，所以此处用一般过去时。 17.strength　考查名词。作者的祖父想让作者性格坚毅。have在此处为实义动词，意为“有”，后跟名词作宾语。 18.speaking　考查非谓语动词。作者是从小就讲英语和用叉子吃饭长大的。此处的主语I与动词speak之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填speaking。and eating with a fork也是提示。 19.traditional　考查形容词。然而关于名字的风俗是非常传统的。此处应用形容词作表语。 20.ones　考查代词。此处为泛指，且与下文中的two words相呼应，所以此处用代词one的复数形式表示泛指。 21.were expecting　考查时态。此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用过去时态，且表示过去某一阶段持续的动作，故用过去进行时。 22.in　考查介词。表示用某种语言用介词in。 23.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the word “shi”， or “world”，故填which。 24.sixth　考查序数词。此处表示第六个字，应用序数词。 25.sons　考查名词复数。此处指给祖祖辈辈的子孙起名，应用复数。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $