UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义围绕屠呦呦发现青蒿素及医学贡献这一核心主题，构建“Pre-reading人物讨论引入-While-reading架构分析与细节解读-Post-reading思维提升与语法应用”的学习支架，涵盖段落结构梳理、细节题训练、难句语法拆解及开放性问题探讨，形成完整知识脉络。 该资料突出语言能力与文化意识融合，通过中医古籍启发青蒿素发现的案例渗透家国情怀，难句分析（如非限制性定语从句、非谓语动词）提升语言理解能力，开放性问题（屠呦呦成功因素）培养思维品质。课中辅助分层教学，课后词汇语法练习及拓展阅读助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Discuss and answer the following questions. 　Do you know these people of achievement？ Try to say something about them. ①Tu Youyou：　discovering artemisinin and saving millions of lives　 ②Helen Keller：　overcoming blindness and deafness to inspire people with disabilities　 ③Albert Einstein：　developing the theory of relativity and profoundly changing physics and our understanding of the universe　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.Complete the sentences below about the structure of this passage. 2.What is the main idea of the passage？ The passage is mainly about Tu Youyou’s 　discovery of artemisinin and her great contributions to the medical field　. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph？（　　） A.A great many people die from malaria every year. B.The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. C.Malaria has done much harm to the people in Africa. D.Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases. 2.Where did Tu Youyou get inspiration for her discovery of artemisinin？（　　） A.Scientific papers. B.Medical dictionaries. C.Western medical works. D.Ancient Chinese medical texts. 3.What can we infer about Tu Youyou from the last paragraph？（　　） A.She was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine. B.She and her team had tested many times before they succeeded. C.She was modest and proud of traditional Chinese medicine. D.She was clever and determined while doing some research. 4.Where does this text probably come from？（　　） A.A TV interview.　　 B.A medical report. C.A book review.　　 D.A newspaper. 答案：1－4　BDCD 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou （co-winner）， whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin， a crucial new treatment for malaria. 句式分析：本句是　复合　句。whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词　Tu Youyou （co-winner）　； a crucial new treatment for malaria是　artemisinin　 的同位语。 自主翻译：　本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦（得主之一），她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。　 2.In 1967， the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria， and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 句式分析：本句是and连接的　并列　句。the Chinese government formed a team of scientists是一个简单句，with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria作后置定语，修饰a team of scientists； Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen是另一个简单句，过去分词　chosen　 作后置定语，表示被动，修饰名词短语the first researchers。 自主翻译：　1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。　 3.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood， and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria， but this did not work either. 句式分析：本句是　but　 连接的并列句。句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列　宾语　；obtained from this是过去分词短语作　后置定语　，修饰liquid， to treat malaria是动词不定式短语作　目的　状语。 自主翻译：　之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 1.What do you think is the secret to Tu Youyou’s success？ 　In my opinion， it is Tu Youyou’s passion for medical science and devotion to saving people’s lives that lead her to great success.　 2.What can we learn from Tu Youyou？ 　Actually， we can learn a lot from Tu Youyou， such as her enthusiasm for science， her persistence in research， and her devotion and dedication to her country and people.She will always be a source of inspiration for all of us.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　Tu Youyou， a famous female chemist and 1.　scientist　 （science）， was born in Ningbo， Zhejiang Province on 30 December 1930.In 1951， she was 2.　admitted　 （admit） into Peking University Medical School， majoring 3.　in　 making medicine and graduated in 1955.After 4.　graduation　 （graduate） she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1969， she became 5.　the　 head of the project and performed numerous tests.In 1971， Tu’s team succeeded in 6.　discovering　 （discover） and developing artemisinin to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world， for 7.　which　 she won many big awards.To our excitement and delight， she 8.　was awarded　 （award） the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on 6 October 2015， becoming the first Chinese woman 9.　to win　 （win） the Nobel Prize.We are called on to learn from her and devote 10.　ourselves　 （we） to scientific research. TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 　　6 October 2015 This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology① or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou （co-winner②），[1]whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin③，[2]a crucial④ new treatment for malaria⑤.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives， and has led to improved⑥ health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year， and about 600，000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital⑦ part of the treatment for malaria， and [3] is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 　　[1]whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是Tu Youyou （co-winner）， whose在从句中作research的定语。 　　[2]a crucial new treatment for malaria作同位语，解释说明artemisinin的具体内容。 　　[3]be thought to do sth意为“被认为做某事”，是句型It is thought that ...的变形。 　　Tu Youyou， [4]a committed⑧ and patient scientist， was born in Ningbo， China， on 30 December 1930， and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated， she worked at the China Academy⑨ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967， the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑩ of discovering a new treatment for malaria， and Tu Youyou was among [5]the first researchers chosen.In the beginning， Tu Youyou went to Hainan， [6]where malaria was more common， to study malaria patients.In 1969， she became the head of the project in Beijing， and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts [7]to find traditional botanical⑪ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts， and evaluated⑫ 280，000 plants for their medical properties⑬.From their research， they discovered and tested 380 distinct⑭ ancient Chinese medical treatments [8]that showed promise⑮ in the fight against malaria. 　　[4]a committed and patient scientist是Tu Youyou的同位语。 　　[5]过去分词chosen作后置定语，修饰the first researchers。 　　[6]where malaria was more common是where引导的非限制性定语从句。 　　[7]to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 　　[8]that showed promise in the fight against malaria是定语从句，that在从句中作主语，指代先行词treatments；that也可换作which，且不可省略。 　　One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract⑯ from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested a collection of⑰dried wormwood⑱ leaves but found no effect.[9]They then tried boiling⑲ fresh wormwood， and using the liquid⑳ obtained㉑ from this to treat malaria， but this did not work㉒ either. Their project got stuck㉓.However， Tu Youyou would not acknowledge㉔ defeat㉕.She analysed㉖ the medical texts again， and by chance， she found one sentence [10]suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded [11]that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently㉗ destroyed its medical properties.[12]Using a lower temperature to draw out㉘ the extract， she found a substance㉙ [13]that worked.After failing more than 190 times， the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted㉚ on testing the medicine on themselves [14]to make sure that it was safe.Later， the medicine was tested on malaria patients， [15]most of whom recovered.This medicine， [16]which was called artemisinin， soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 　　[9]句中boiling fresh wormwood与using the liquid obtained from this是并列的动词-ing短语作宾语；其中obtained from this是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the liquid；but是并列连词。 　　[10]suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood是动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰one sentence。 　　[11]that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties是that引导的宾语从句，其中boiling the sweet wormwood是动词-ing短语作从句的主语。 　　[12]Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract是动词-ing短语作方式状语，状语中动作use由句子逻辑主语she发出。 　　[13]that worked是定语从句，修饰先行词a substance。 　　[14]动词不定式短语to make sure that it was safe作目的状语，其中that it was safe是宾语从句。 　　[15]most of whom recovered是“代词＋介词＋引导词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词patients。 [16]which was called artemisinin是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词medicine。 According to Tu Youyou， the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort㉛.Upon㉜ hearing [17]that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize， she said，“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me， and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine㉝.[18]It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific㉞ research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. ” 　　[17]that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize是宾语从句，其中had been awarded是过去完成时的被动语态形式。 　　[18]句中for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world是动词不定式的复合结构，在句中作真正的主语，It作形式主语。 ①physiology n.生理学；生理机能 ②co-winner n.共同获奖者 此处co-是名词前缀，表示“一起；共同；联合”。 ③artemisinin n.[药]青蒿素 ④crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 ⑤malaria n.疟疾 ⑥improved adj.改善的；改进的 ⑦vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital for/to 对……极其重要 It is vital to do sth做某事是极其重要的 ⑧committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等） commit oneself to （sth/doing sth/do sth） 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等） ⑨academy n.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校 academic adj.学业的；学术的 ⑩objective n.目标；目的 adj.客观的 with the objective of 目的是 ⑪botanical adj.植物学的 ⑫evaluate vt.评价；评估 ⑬property n.性质；特征；财产 ⑭distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 ⑮promise n.获得成功的迹象；可能性（熟词生义） ⑯extract n.提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出 exact adj.精确的；准确的（易混词） ⑰a collection of 一批，一些 ⑱wormwood n.蒿；洋艾 ⑲boil vt.& vi.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点 boiling adj.炽热的；很热的 ⑳liquid n.液体adj.液体的；液态的 solid n.固体adj.固体的 ㉑obtain vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行 ㉒work vi.起作用（熟词生义） ㉓get stuck 被卡住；被困住 ㉔acknowledge vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 acknowledge defeat 承认失败 ㉕defeat n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 ㉖analyse vt.分析 analysis n.分析 ㉗apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的 ㉘draw out 抽出；取出 ㉙substance n.物质；物品；事实根据 ㉚insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 insist on 坚决要求 ㉛team effort团队努力（的结果） ㉜upon（＝on） prep.一……就…… ㉝traditional Chinese medicine传统中医 ㉞scientific adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的 scientific research 科学研究 scientific discovery 科学发现 参考译文 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖 　2015年10月6日 　　本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦（得主之一），她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，改善了很多人的健康状况。全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾，其中约60万人死于该种疾病。青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。 　　屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部（原北京医学院）。毕业后，她就职于北京的中国中医研究院。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。起初，屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。1969年，她在北京成了该项目的负责人，并决定从中医药古方中寻找应对疟疾的传统植物疗法。她的团队研读了2，000多篇（个）中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药学属性。通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。 　　一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一组干青蒿叶，但是发现无效。之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。她再次分析医药文献，碰巧发现其中有一句话建议采用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。随后，该药物被试用于疟疾患者，其中大多数人康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。 　　据屠呦呦所说，青蒿素的发现是团队共同努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我个人。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民。这项成功印证了传统中医药的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。” Ⅰ.课文词块默写 1.　a committed and patient scientist　　一位尽心尽力且有耐心的科学家 2.　traditional Chinese medicine　 中医（TCM） 3.　become a vital part of the treatment　　　成为治疗的重要部分 4.　get stuck　　　被卡住；被困住 5.　a team effort　　　团队的努力 6.　be awarded to Tu Youyou　　　被授予屠呦呦 7.　with the objective of　　　目的是…… 8.　be spread around the world　　　在全世界被传播 9.　graduate from Peking University Medical School　　　毕业于北京大学医学院 10.　a crucial new treatment　　一种关键性新型治疗方法 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。 　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria， and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.　 2.当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说…… 　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize， she said ...　 3.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。 　It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.　 阅读理解 A 　　In 2010， Justin Horner was driving down a busy freeway in Portland， Ore.， when his tire blew out.He pulled over to the side of the road and made a sign that said he needed help. 　　Three hours later， a van finally pulled up.Out came a family of four.They were Latino， and their young daughter acted as translator between her parents’ Spanish and Horner’s English， so that they could work together to fix Horner’s car. 　　They took about an hour， starting with the father finding a log on the side of the road， and using it to lift the car.When they finished， the mom pulled out a big jug of water， and they drank and washed their hands. 　　“I just thanked them and I tried to give her money，” Horner recalled.“ I only had a $20 bill， and I just thought， you know， it’s the least I could do.And she just wouldn’t take it.” But Horner was adamant （坚决的）， and eventually he put the money in her hand， and walked away. 　　Then he heard their small daughter call out， to ask Horner if he was hungry.Indeed he was， and she came over with a pancake from their cooler.They exchanged thank yous， she got into the van， and the family started to drive away. 　　“As they’re trying to get into traffic， I unwrapped the pancake and my money was in the pancake，” Horner said.Horner immediately ran over to the van to get the father’s attention. 　　“He rolls down his window.He sees me coming and he’s just shaking his head.And I keep saying like， ‘Por favor， por favor’ — I’m holding a bill out，” Horner remembered.“And with this big smile on his face， he just says， ‘Today you， tomorrow me.’” The man then gave Horner a wave， rolled up the window， and drove off.The last thing Horner saw was the young girl waving goodbye through the window.He never saw them again. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当Justin Horner的车在高速公路上爆胎时，一位陌生人及其家人的及时出现并帮他修好了车；当他拿出20美元感谢对方时，对方拒绝了，同时说了一句很经典的话——Today you， tomorrow me. 1.What happened to Horner on his way in Portland？（　　） A.He got lost.　 B.His food ran out. C.His car broke down.　 D.He was stuck in traffic. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Justin Horner was driving down a busy freeway in Portland， Ore.， when his tire blew out可知，Justin Horner在俄勒冈州波特兰市一条繁忙的高速公路上开车时，轮胎爆了。 2.Why did the small daughter give Horner a pancake？（　　） A.To express her thanks.　　 B.To show her kindness. C.To win Horner’s recognition.　　 D.To give back Horner’s money. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，那位父亲帮助作者修好了汽车，他的女儿给作者一块煎饼，煎饼里放着作者送给对方（作为感谢费）的20美元。 3.What did the father mean by saying “Today you， tomorrow me”？（　　） A.Everyone should be kind.　　 B.Everyone can be in trouble. C.Everyone should learn to repair a car.　　 D.Everyone should be grateful to others. 解析：B　推理判断题。结合上文内容以及这位父亲说“Today you， tomorrow me.”这句话的情景可知，他想表达的意思是：今天你会遇到麻烦，明天我可能也会遇到麻烦。 4.Which of the following can best describe the father’s behaviour？（　　） A.Change danger into safety.　　 B.Offer fuel in snowy weather. C.Act bravely for a just cause.　　 D.Risk one’s life to save others. 解析：B　推理判断题。综合全文可知，当故事主人公Justin Horner在高速公路上汽车爆胎、手足无措时，一位陌生人及其家人的及时出现并帮他修好了车。因此用“雪中送炭”来形容他的行为是最恰当的。 B Heman Bekele， the 15-year-old from Annandale who was named the 2024 Time Kid of the Year， added another award to his list of achievements.The Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes named Bekele a winner， earning him an award of $10，000 to support his research. 　　Bekele developed a bar of soap that helps treat skin cancer.He started the research process at age 11， inspired by the lack of affordable health care and high levels of sun exposure that happens to workers in Ethiopia in Africa， where he was born and raised.Bekele remembers seeing people there working outside in the sun without protecting their skin and he learned about the dangers of cancer from his parents. 　　“When I came to America， I realized how serious the situation is，” Bekele recalls.“Right now there are no affordable and accessible alternatives to the really pricey treatment on the market.” 　　A few years ago， Bekele came across imiquimod， a drug known for treating certain skin cancers.He started thinking about how to make it more accessible for those in the early stages of the disease.He envisioned a bar of soap as a simple and affordable way to deliver this crucial medication， potentially reducing the high costs associated with skin cancer treatment.However， Bekele still needed to ensure that imiquimod would remain on the skin even after the soap was washed off.He solved this by mixing it with a lipid-based nanoparticle. 　　This isn’t the first time the teen earned national recognition for his invention.In 2023， he became America’s Top Young Scientist by 3M and Discovery Education.He was also Time’s 2024 Kid of the Year. “A lot of people have this mindset that everything’s been done， there’s nothing left for me to do，” Bekele told TIME.“To anybody having that thought， I’d say we’ll never run out of ideas in this world.Just keep inventing.Keep thinking of new ways to improve our world and keep making it a better place.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国15岁男孩Heman Bekele由于发明了治疗皮肤癌的肥皂，在被评为2024年美国《时代》“年度少年”之后，又获得一项殊荣——格洛丽亚·巴伦青少年英雄奖。 5.What made Heman Bekele start developing the cancer-fighting soap？（　　） A.The awards he had received.　　 B.The cruel reality he witnessed. C.His interest in making inventions.　　 D.His curiosity about medical science. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，Heman Bekele受到现实的激励，开始研发治疗皮肤癌的肥皂。他所目睹的现实主要包括：非洲埃塞俄比亚工人缺乏医疗保健、经受高强度的阳光辐射，以及治疗皮肤癌药物极其昂贵等。 6.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to？（　　） A.Treating skin cancer.　　 B.Washing off the soap. C.Reducing the costs of treating cancer.　　 D.Making imiquimod remain on the skin. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段语境可知，咪喹莫特是一种能有效对抗皮肤癌的药物，而Heman Bekele需要解决的难题是当肥皂泡沫被水冲洗掉后确保咪喹莫特仍然留在皮肤上。 7.What can we learn about Heman Bekele？（　　） A.He has won three famous titles.　　 B.He has always been living in Africa. C.His research began when he was 12.　　 D.His parents suffered from skin cancer. 解析：A　细节理解题。综合第一段和倒数第二段可知，Heman Bekele共获得了三个著名头衔，它们分别是：“美国顶尖青年科学家”、《时代》“年度少年”以及“格洛丽亚·巴伦青少年英雄”。 8.What message does Bekele try to convey in the last paragraph？（　　） A.Creativity knows no bound.　　 B.There is no end to learning. C.Hard work pays off in the end.　　 D.Everyone can make a difference. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，本段Heman Bekele主要强调好点子、好想法是取之不尽、用之不竭的，也就是说创造和发明是没有尽头的。 核心词汇集释 1.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 教材原句　Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria， and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。 【用法】 （1） 对……极其重要 （2）It is vital to do sth 做某事是极其重要的 It is vital that ...（should） do sth　　……做某事是极其重要的 【佳句】　It is vital that we should respect the opinions of others， even when we disagree.This allows us to learn from different angles. 我们尊重他人的观点是极其重要的，即使在意见不合时也是如此。这让我们能够从不同的角度学习。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It is vital 　to forgive　 （forgive） others when they make mistakes.Holding onto anger only makes us feel worse， while forgiving helps us heal and move forward. 【写美】　一句多译 ②对老师来说，满怀热情地激励学生是极其重要的。 →　It is vital for/to teachers　 to inspire students with enthusiasm. →　It is of vital importance for/to teachers　 to inspire students with enthusiasm. 2.committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 教材原句　Tu Youyou， a committed and patient scientist， was born in Ningbo， China， on 30 December 1930， and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学部（原北京医学院）。 【用法】 （1）be committed to （doing） sth致力于（做）某事 （2）commitment n.　　　　投入；奉献；承诺 make a commitment to （doing） sth　　承诺/保证（做）某事 （3）commit vt.承诺；保证；犯（错、罪等） vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等） commit oneself to （sth/doing sth/do sth）　承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等） 【佳句】　（2024·全国甲卷）Finally， the rise of new energy vehicles reflects China’s commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions.　（发言稿） 最后，新能源汽车的兴起，体现了中国对可持续发展和降低碳排放的承诺。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①In all his life， the activist chose to commit himself to 　fighting　 （fight） for social justice and equality in his community. ②（译林选必二）Though journalists are committed to 　presenting　 （present） the truth， it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. 【写美】　完成句子 ③艾米丽承诺每天花费一个小时学习弹钢琴。尽管开始觉得很难，但她逐渐进步。 Emily 　committed herself to learn/made a commitment to learning　 how to play the piano， practicing every day for an hour.Despite finding it challenging at first， she gradually improved.　（动作描写） 3.acknowledge vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 教材原句　However， Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。 【用法】 （1）acknowledge ...to be/as ...　　　承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth　　承认做了某事 （2）It is widely acknowledged that ...　　人们普遍认为…… 【佳句】　I would express acknowledgement to my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English. 我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Tom acknowledged 　being defeated/having been defeated　 （defeat） in the English speech competition， which made us quite upset. 【写美】　一句多译 ②（2023·全国甲卷）孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的教育家之一。 →Confucius 　is acknowledged as/to be　 one of the greatest ancient educators in China. →　It is acknowledged that　 Confucius is one of the greatest ancient educators in China. 4.defeat n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 【用法】 （1）suffer a defeat　　遭受失败 acknowledge/admit defeat　　承认失败 a heavy defeat　　大败；惨败 a narrow defeat　　惜败 six wins and two defeats　　六胜二负 （2）defeat sb　　击败某人 【佳句】　The captain acknowledged defeat.Instead of blaming the team， he praised everyone for their effort and promised to train harder for the next game.　（动作描写） 队长承认了失败。他没有责怪队友，而是赞扬了每个人的努力，并承诺为下一场比赛更加努力训练。 【练透】　语块表达 ①Although the young athlete 　suffered a defeat　 （遭受失败） in her first race， she didn’t let it discourage her. ②After 　the narrow defeat　 （惜败）， the players gathered to discuss their mistakes.They realized that stronger teamwork could have helped them win. 【写美】　完成句子 ③该球队在赛季的第一场比赛中遭受惨败，但教练鼓励他们不要失去信心。 　The team faced/suffered a heavy defeat　 in their first game of the season， but their coach encouraged them not to lose heart.　（动作描写） 5.insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 教材原句　Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 【用法】 （1）insist on/upon doing sth 坚持做某事 （2）“insist （坚决要求/主张） that sb （should）＋动词原形”中的从句用虚拟语气。 （3）“insist （坚持说/认为） that ...”中的从句用陈述语气。 【佳句】　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Since I was touched by his generosity， I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as my appreciation.　（动作描写） 由于被他慷慨的行为所感动，我坚持至少要请他吃午饭以示感谢。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（译林选必三）Columbus insisted on 　searching　 （search） for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. ②The teacher insisted that Tome 　had cheated　 （cheat） in the exam last week. 【写美】　完成句子 ③教练坚决要求每位球员每天都应该至少练习一个小时，即使没有即将到来的比赛。 　The coach insists that every player （should） practice　 for at least an hour every day， even when there is no upcoming match.　（动作描写） 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：upon/on doing ...在……的时候；当……时；一……就…… 教材原句　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize， she said，“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me， and all the people of my country ...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我个人。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民……” 【用法】 （1）“upon/on＋doing/n.”构成介词短语，用作时间状语，可译作“当……时；一……就……”。 （2）其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有： ①as soon as＋句子 ②由名词短语构成的连词：the instant/moment/minute/second等＋句子 ③由副词作连词：instantly/immediately/directly＋句子 ④固定句式：no sooner ...than， hardly ...when ... 【佳句】　（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Upon/On hearing the shot of the race，everyone just rushed forward；only a small thin body was staggering behind.　（动作描写） 一听到比赛的枪声，大家都向前冲去，只有一个瘦小的身体摇摇晃晃地跟在后面。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①刚到新学校时，他感到很紧张，但很快就受到同学们的欢迎，并带他四处参观。 　On his arrival/arriving at the new school　， he felt nervous but was quickly welcomed by his classmates who showed him around. ②我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。 →　As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin　， I sighed in relief.（as soon as） →　The instant/moment/minute my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin　， I sighed in relief.（名词短语构成的连词） →　Instantly/Immediately/Directly my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin　， I sighed in relief.（副词作连词） Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.As a 　committed　 （尽心尽力的） volunteer， Maria spent her weekends helping those in need. 2.When the team 　evaluated　 （评价） their performance after the game， they realized they needed better communication on the field. 3.David dreamed of becoming a professional musician.He 　obtained　 （获得） his first big opportunity when a famous band noticed his talent and invited him to join them. 4.The young athlete faced 　defeat　 （失败） during the championship， but she kept her head high. 5.　Apparently　 （显然）， Lucy was the one who solved the problem.Her classmates were surprised when she explained her approach. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.　It is widely acknowledged/believed that　 （人们普遍认为） hard work leads to success. 2.　It is an honour for me to be chosen as the monitor　 （被选为班长对我来说是一种荣幸）.I have the chance to make a real difference. 3.　Upon/On winning the prize　 （一获得奖项）， John felt a great sense of accomplishment. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.It goes without saying that oceans play a 　crucial　 （关键性的） role in the world. 2.I was 　defeated　 （击败） in the important competition， which made me boil with anger. 3.I am writing with the 　objective　 （目的） of inviting you to be a judge for the coming speech contest. 4.Through great efforts， Tu Youyou 　obtained　 （获得） something vital to cure malaria. 5.　Apparently　 （显而易见）， hard work， passion and good habits are necessary for people who want to succeed. 6.As for work， we’ll 　mostly　 （主要地） work at home， producing short videos. 7.Students’ test results， which used to be the only way to 　evaluate　 （评估） students in school， make up only 30% of their final score. 8.We should 　analyse　 （分析） the reasons for the failures to win success next time. 9.Although they look similar， these plants are actually quite 　distinct　 （有区别的）. 10.The man was arrested because police found an illegal 　substance　 （物品） in his car. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.When eating hotpot， you can put everything you like in the 　boiling　 （boil） water in the oven. 2.As a patient and 　committed　 （commit） scientist， she is highly thought of all over the world. 3.As is 　apparently　 （apparent） mentioned above， we can keep physically and mentally healthy by participating in after-class activities. 4.The old scientist told his students that 　scientific　 （science） theories must be based on facts. 5.I insist on learning from Lei Feng and 　serving　 （serve） the people whole-heartedly. 6.With the intention of achieving his 　academic　 （academy） goals， he 　has been committed　 （commit） to his study ever since. 7.It’s common knowledge that oils 　are extracted　 （extract） from the plants. 8.The film festival 　is acknowledged　 （acknowledge） as an event of international importance. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.　Upon/On arriving/arrival　 （一到达）， Li Mei and Zhang Dong were warmly welcomed， and they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. 2.The person I respect most is my head teacher， 　who is always committed to　 （他总是致力于） teaching and guiding us. 3.Meanwhile， he always stresses the importance of forming good learning habits， 　which is vital for　 （这对……极其重要） our further development. 4.　It’s a great honour for me to be invited　 （我很荣幸被邀请） as a special guest. 5.Yuan Longping 　is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest scientists　 （被公认是最伟大的科学家之一） in the world. 6.People believe that it is difficult to protect users’ privacy on social network sites. → 　It is believed that　 （它被认为） it is difficult to protect users’ privacy on social network sites. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.acknowledge A.承认　　　 B.告知收悉　　　　C.感谢 ①I acknowledge my teachers， who always help me out of difficulty.　　　C　 ②To my disappointment， my son didn’t acknowledge having broken the vase and he insisted that he didn’t break it.　　　A　 ③Your applications will be acknowledged by e-mails before 15 May.　　　B　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的汉语意思 2.He committed the same mistake again， which made his dad angry.　　犯（错误、罪行等）　 3.It is not easy to be systematic and objective about language learning.　　客观的　 4.His rudeness made me boil with anger.　　发怒；发火　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Shadow puppetry （皮影戏）， also known as shadow play， is a traditional Chinese art form that dates back 2，000 years to the Han Dynasty （206 BC－AD 220）.During the performance， puppets made of leather or paper are manipulated by puppeteers using rods to create the illusion of moving images on a translucent cloth screen illuminated from behind.UNESCO recognizes the art form as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. 　　Last month， two famous online personalities， each with more than 10 million followers， Nanxiang Buaichifan and Jiuyue， shared videos documenting their journey to learn how to perform shadow puppetry that have attracted over 20 million views on social media platforms， such as Bilibili and Douyin. 　　The two personalities dedicated a month to learning the art from the very beginning with the shadow puppets they had made.The challenge of mastering this millennia-old technique within such a short time frame initially seemed like mission impossible.Fortunately， Nanxiang Buaichifan and Jiuyue were lucky enough to learn from the best — Dang Feihua， a 23-year-old inheritor of the shadow puppetry tradition. 　　Dang is the fifth-generation inheritor of Wang’s Shadow， a family troupe based in Xi’an， Shaanxi Province.Cooperating with the two famous online personalities was a strategic move to introduce the world of shadow puppetry to the influencers’ young followers. 　　“In an age without smartphones， traditional performances were what kept our country entertained for thousands of years.Without teams of actors， a single performer is able to command generals and soldiers， traversing （穿越） the millennia，” Nanxiang Buaichifan says. 　　The core technique of Wang’s Shadow lies in the art of pushing the leather while the tip of the knife remains still.When it comes to the crucial wrist and forearm strength needed， Dang chose a different path to his elders.Rather than employ the traditional method of hanging weights on the wrist， he opted for a modern approach — hitting the gym and lifting dumbbells.“The younger generation today connects with fundamentals in different ways，” he says. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。皮影戏是一种传统的中国艺术形式，它可以追溯到2，000年前的汉朝。最近两位网红通过网络向大众传播这一艺术形式。 1.What does the underlined word “manipulated” in the first paragraph mean？（　　） A.Produced.　 B.Controlled. C.Introduced.　 D.Transformed. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，这里是陈述演出过程，皮影应该是被演皮影戏的艺人所“操纵和控制”。 2.What did the two famous online personalities share in their videos last month？（　　） A.Their journey to ancient city of Xi’an.　　 B.Their friendship with Dang Feihua. C.Their experience of learning shadow puppetry.　　 D.Their passion for performing shadow puppetry. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，上个月，两名拥有超过1，000万粉丝的著名网红Nanxiang Buaichifan和 Jiuyue分享了他们在西安学习皮影戏的视频，这些视频在哔哩哔哩和抖音等社交媒体平台上吸引了超过2，000万的播放量。 3.What’s Dang Feihua’s purpose of working together with the two famous online personalities？（　　） A.To raise some money.　　 B.To entertain the public. C.To attract some followers.　　 D.To promote shadow puppetry. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，党飞华是汪氏皮影第五代传承人，他与这两位网红合作是为了向他们的年轻粉丝介绍皮影戏。 4.In what aspect was Dang different from his elders？（　　） A.How he built up his strength.　　 B.How he taught shadow play. C.The way to make shadow puppets.　　 D.The way to design shadow puppets. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，当涉及表演皮影戏所需的手腕和前臂力量时，党选择了一条与其长辈不同的道路。他没有采用传统的手腕吊重物的方法，而是选择了一种现代的方法——去健身房举哑铃。 B 　　It was supposed to be a normal trip to the supermarket.My son was little， and it was getting close to naptime， so I was rushing to the cashier desk.However， when I went to start the car and realized my keys were gone — I must have locked them in the trunk with my bag. 　　I wasn’t sure what to do， so I took my son out of his car seat and went back inside the store with my cart still full of groceries.I had to use their phone to call my husband for the spare key.After multiple calls and messages with no answer， I was getting frustrated. 　　An employee at the store — whose name was Kelly — tapped me on the shoulder and took me to the Starbucks café that was inside the store.She walked over to the counter and came back with one for me.I told her how stupid I was， and she assured me it happened to a lot of people.She said if I couldn’t get in touch with my husband， they would call someone to get the trunk open. 　　After I got home that day， I kept thinking about what she had done for me and wanted to do something for her.When I saw her working again at the store， I told her how grateful I was.She would accept nothing in return and just told me to pay it forward. 　　So， Kelly， these are the things that you have done because I was thinking of your kindness as I did them： 　　Multiple doors held for people， letting someone ahead of me in line， picking up trash that someone tossed on the ground， hitting “yes” on the donation button at the checkout， helping a woman with heavy bags， food donations， helping a stranger find her glasses， and many others. 　　I am so glad I met Kelly that day.I am a better person because of my encounter with Kelly.Who would have thought one act of kindness could have so much of an effect on a person？ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从超市出来，发现自己把车钥匙锁到了车里。当作者焦急万分时，一位热心的店员给她提供了无微不至的帮助。 5.What happened to the author？（　　） A.She couldn’t open her car door.　　 B.She couldn’t pay for her groceries. C.Something was wrong with her car.　　 D.Something was wrong with her son. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的when I went to start the car and realized my keys were gone — I must have locked them in the trunk with my bag可知，作者离开超市后发现自己找不到车钥匙了。 6.Which of the following best describes Kelly？（　　） A.Caring and kind-hearted.　　 B.Honest and hard-working. C.Modest and strong-willed.　　 D.Patient and open-minded. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，超市店员Kelly不但安慰了作者，而且给她买了一杯星巴克咖啡。由此可推断，Kelly很有爱心、非常善良。 7.What did Kelly advise the author to do by saying “pay it forward”？（　　） A.Take good care of herself.　　 B.Forget what she had done. C.Do something nice to others.　　 D.Pay for someone’s purchases. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第四至六段可知，Kelly不接受任何回报，而是建议作者pay it forward——作者接下来做了大量的好事。由此可知，这里的pay it forward是建议作者去多做好事。 8.What does the author intend to show by the last two paragraphs？（　　） A.How she spent her daily life.　　 B.How she has been affected. C.She led a very busy life indeed.　　 D.She has done many good deeds. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者列举自己做的这些好事，是为了说明Kelly的善良给自己带来的积极影响和改变。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Olympians have trained their entire lives to reach their goal of standing on the winner’s podium.Not only do Olympic athletes tone （使强健） their bodies into near perfection； they temper their will as well.9.（　　）， you need to keep the following in mind： 　　View stress as positive 　　Many Olympians view stress as a challenge instead of something they should fear.“We call it a stress mindset， or your worldview of stress.Top athletes have learned to view pressure as a challenge， either by trial and error or by working on mental training” said sports psychologist Dan Gould.10.（　　）. 　　Learn to bounce （反弹） back 　　Many of the most mentally tough athletes have a history of overcoming adversity in their past.11.（　　）. “It’s really hard to build resilience unless you’ve been challenged，” Gould said.“Anyone can get overwhelmed.Resilience is the piece of us that allows us to get up every time we’re knocked down.” 　　12.（　　） 　　There is no room for self-denial in the minds of Olympic athletes， according to Gould.“They have to believe they’re capable of performing well or they have already given the competition the advantage，” he said.“They have to go into the event with complete confidence.” 　　Regulate your emotions 　　Emotional regulation is as important as physical or mental preparation.“All of us have a set of emotions we feel are important for us to perform our best： I’m confident， but not overconfident.13.（　　）.Maybe I’m a little fearful， but it’s not overwhelming，” Gould said. A.Get rid of self-doubt B.Be the best version of yourself C.I’m anxious， but it’s a good anxiety D.He has studied Olympians for decades E.It can be a hardship， illness or even a loved one dying F.When you are facing one of the most important events in your life G.If you want to think like an Olympian and develop a winner’s brain 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。奥运选手不但身体强健，而且意志坚定。如果我们要想成功，就必须学习他们的思维模式和优秀品质。 9.G　由于下文列举了一些奥运选手所具备的思维方式和优秀品质，因此G项符合语境。 10.D　上文首次提到运动心理学家Dan Gould，D项是对他的补充介绍，符合语境。 11.E　上句指出：许多精神上最坚强的运动员在过去都有战胜逆境的历史。E项符合语境。E项中的a hardship， illness or even a loved one dying正好是对上文提到“逆境”的举例说明。 12.A　本段主要介绍了奥运选手所具备的另一个优秀品质——一直保持自信，不去自我否定。A项正好可以概括本段主旨。 13.C　上文出现了I’m confident， but not overconfident，下文出现了I’m a little fearful， but it’s not overwhelming，C项正好是同类句式，跟它们形成并列，且同属情感调节领域内容。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　We were amazed at what we were seeing on a hot summer’s day.A group of people with Parkinson’s Disease were 　14　 rock-climbing on the Carderock Cliffs of Maryland.Yes， rock-climbing！ 　　It’s all part of their therapy， says Molly Cupka， the instructor and cheerleader for this community of 　15　 climbers.She started this 　16　， called UpENDing Parkinsons， as a non-profit twelve years ago. 　　How often do they fall？ “Falling is 　17　 part of climbing，” said Cupka.But they never really fall， because they wear a harness （背带） that 　18　 a layer of safety.“We always say if you’re not falling， you’re not 　19　 hard enough！” 　　There’s no cure for Parkinson’s， which usually 　20　 mobility， balance， and even speech.Jon Lessin 　21　 Parkinson’s Disease in 2003， who was once an all-around athlete.About 12 years ago he 　22　 because of Parkinson’s.His daughter， Brittany， watched his steady 　23　 in health， until he discovered climbing walls as high as 60 feet！ 　　“My dad has a hard time walking across the room， but he can 　24　 it to the top of this giant wall，” Brittany said.“There’s a lot that he’s had to 　25　 because of his disease.But this is something he had a 　26　 for.” 　　It was Jon Lessin who first hit upon that big 　27　 to use rock climbing as a therapy for Parkinson’s.Jon Lessin said， “I get to the top and I feel like I’ve 　28　 something.And I feel like the wall can’t beat me.I can beat the wall.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当Jon Lessin患上帕金森病后，他选择用攀岩这种方式来对抗疾病并战胜自我。 14.A.advocating　 B.practising C.imitating　 D.observing 解析：B　根据下文中提到的How often do they fall？可知，这群人正在练习（practise）攀岩。 15.A.brave　 B.famous　　 C.patient　 D.generous 解析：A　根据下文中提到的Falling is 　17　 part of climbing可知，这群人是非常勇敢的（brave）。 16.A.course　 B.program　　 C.company　 D.school 解析：B　根据下文中called UpENDing Parkinsons， as a non-profit可知，UpENDing Parkinsons是一个公益项目（program）。 17.A.regularly　 B.normally　　 C.definitely　 D.eventually 解析：C　结合常识可知，练习攀岩过程中掉下来是必然的，因此这里用副词definitely（确定地，一定地）。 18.A.indicates　 B.suggests　　 C.demands　 D.provides 解析：D　根据because they wear a harness可知，他们身上系着背带是为了提供（provide）一层安全保障。 19.A.trying　 B.running　　 C.pushing　 D.driving 解析：A　这句话表示：如果一名攀岩者不曾掉落，这说明他训练还不够努力。try hard努力尝试。 20.A.includes　 B.covers　　 C.affects　 D.prevents 解析：C　帕金森病无法治愈，它通常会影响（affect）行动能力、平衡能力，甚至语言能力。 21.A.developed　 B.caught　　 C.examined　 D.infected 解析：A　曾是全能运动员的Jon Lessin在2003年患上了（develop）帕金森病。develop这里属于熟词生义，意为“患（病），得（病）”。 22.A.conducted　 B.retired　　 C.confirmed　 D.remained 解析：B　根据because of Parkinson’s可知，大约12年前，Jon Lessin因患帕金森病而退休（retire）。 23.A.record　 B.change　　 C.progress　 D.decline 解析：D　由于Jon Lessin患上帕金森病，他的女儿Brittany看着他的健康状况不断恶化（decline）。 24.A.give　 B.take　　 C.make　 D.turn 解析：C　这里表示Jon Lessin攀上一堵高达60英尺的高墙。make it是一个固定表达，表示“取得成功”之意。 25.A.take over　 B.make out　　 C.give up　 D.turn down 解析：C　由于Jon Lessin患上帕金森病，他不得不放弃（give up）很多事。 26.A.passion　 B.dream　　 C.target　 D.concept 解析：A　但他唯一热爱的是攀岩。have a passion for热爱……。 27.A.view　 B.idea　　 C.sight　 D.test 解析：B　Jon Lessin是第一个想到用攀岩来治疗帕金森病这一想法（idea）的人。 28.A.discovered　 B.promoted　　 C.created　 D.conquered 解析：D　Jon Lessin说：“当我到达顶峰时，我觉得我已经征服（conquer）了一些东西。” 13 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $