Unit 1 单词用法表 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 1核心词汇用法清单系统梳理了80余个核心单词，涵盖职业类（如director, postman）、动作类（如send, paint）、工具类（如eraser, tool）等多范畴词汇，以“单词-常见搭配-考点提示-经典例句”四维架构搭建从基础记忆到语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现与精准标注构建完整知识体系，如职业类词汇标注同源词（direct-director）、动词类提示不规则变化（send过去式sent），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“考点提示”专栏，如区分eraser（美式）与rubber（英式）、标注news为不可数名词，结合生活化例句（The postman brings letters...）强化应用，学生可自主梳理重难点，教师能直接用于词汇教学与考点突破，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1核心单词用法 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 director /d rekt (r)/(n. 导演) film director(电影导演)、work with a director(与导演合作) 可数名词,复数directors;与动词direct(导演)同源 The director of this movie is very famous. postman / p stm n/(n. 邮递员,复数postmen) a postman(一名邮递员)、deliver letters(送信) 复数为postmen(不规则变化);对应动词deliver(投递) The postman brings letters to my home every day. builder / b ld (r)/(n. 建筑工人) a house builder(房屋建筑工)、build houses(盖房子) 由动词build派生;核心搭配build+建筑物 The builder is working on the new school. artist / t st/(n. 艺术家;画家) a famous artist(著名艺术家)、paint like an artist(像艺术家一样作画) 可数名词,复数artists;与art(艺术)同源 My uncle is an artist who paints beautiful landscapes. guide / a d/(n. 导游;v. 指引) tourist guide(导游)、guide sb. to the park(指引某人去公园) 作动词时后接人+地点;作名词“导游”为可数名词 The guide shows us around the museum. pilot / pa l t/(n. 飞行员) a plane pilot(飞机飞行员)、fly a plane(开飞机) 可数名词,复数pilots;对应动词fly(驾驶飞机) Her dream is to be a pilot in the future. scientist / sa nt st/(n. 科学家) a great scientist(伟大的科学家)、do scientific research(做科研) 可数名词,复数scientists;与science(科学)同源 Yuan Longping is a famous Chinese scientist. send /send/(v. 邮寄;发送) send a letter(寄信)、send an email(发邮件) 过去式/分词sent(不规则变化);send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. I send a birthday card to my friend. letter / let (r)/(n. 信;信件) write a letter(写信)、a letter from my pen pal(笔友的信) 可数名词,复数letters;“letter”也可表“字母” I receive a letter from my grandmother. paint /pe nt/(v. 用颜料画) paint a picture(画画)、paint with watercolors(用水彩画) 作动词表“绘画”;名词形式为painting(画作) She likes to paint flowers in her free time. eraser / re z (r)/(n. 橡皮) a rubber eraser(橡胶橡皮)、use an eraser(用橡皮) 可数名词,复数erasers;美式英语常用eraser,英式用rubber Can I borrow your eraser? I made a mistake. tool /tu l/(n. 工具) a work tool(工具)、use tools to build(用工具建造) 可数名词,复数tools;可指“文具工具”或“劳动工具” The builder uses many tools to build the house. actor / kt (r)/(n. 演员) a movie actor(电影演员)、act in a film(参演电影) 可数名词,复数actors;对应女演员actress He is a famous actor who stars in many films. actress / ktr s/(n. 女演员) a talented actress(有天赋的女演员)、play a role(扮演角色) 可数名词,复数actresses;与actor对应 She wants to be an actress when she grows up. direction /d rek n/(n. 指导;方向) give direction(指导)、in the right direction(朝正确方向) 不可数名词表“指导”,可数表“方向”;与direct(动词)同源 Follow the director’s direction to act well. produce /pr dju s/(v. 制作;拍摄) produce a film(拍电影)、produce goods(生产商品) 动词,重音在第二音节;名词形式为product(产品) The company produces many kinds of toys. believe /b li v/(v. 相信;当真) believe in yourself(相信自己)、believe what he says(相信他的话) 后接宾语或从句;否定形式为don’t believe I believe that he will come on time. sick /s k/(adj. 生病的) feel sick(感到恶心)、be sick in bed(卧病在床) 可表“生病的”或“恶心的”;与ill(生病的)同义 She is sick, so she can’t go to school. thanks / ks/(excl. 谢谢;n. 感谢) thanks a lot(非常感谢)、give thanks(表达感谢) 常用复数形式;“Thanks”可单独作感叹词 Thanks for helping me with my homework. vet /vet/(n. 兽医) take a dog to the vet(带狗看兽医)、a vet clinic(兽医诊所) 可数名词,复数vets;全称为veterinarian The vet helps my cat get better. excellent / eks l nt/(adj. 优秀的;极好的) excellent work(出色的工作)、an excellent student(优秀学生) 形容词,无比较级(本身表最高程度) Your English is excellent! dancer / d ns (r)/(n. 舞蹈演员) a ballet dancer(芭蕾舞者)、dance well(舞跳得好) 可数名词,复数dancers;由动词dance派生 She is a professional dancer in the ballet company. lively / la vli/(adj. 活跃热情的) a lively girl(活泼的女孩)、lively music(欢快的音乐) 可修饰人或事物;反义词为quiet The party is lively with music and dance. news /nju z/(n. 新闻;消息) watch the news(看新闻)、good news(好消息) 不可数名词,无复数;“a piece of news”表“一条新闻” I hear the news that our team won. reporter /r p t (r)/(n. 记者) a news reporter(新闻记者)、report the news(报道新闻) 可数名词,复数reporters;由动词report派生 The reporter interviews the famous actor. maybe / me bi/(adv. 或许) maybe tomorrow(或许明天)、maybe he is right(或许他是对的) 副词,放句首;与may be(可能是)区分(may be是动词短语) Maybe we can go to the park this weekend. report /r p t/(v./n. 报道) report the event(报道事件)、a news report(新闻报道) 作动词表“报道”,作名词表“报告/报道” He reports the sports game for the TV station. blind /bla nd/(adj. 瞎的;失明的) a blind man(盲人)、be blind in one eye(一只眼失明) 形容词,可作表语或定语;“the blind”表“盲人”群体 The guide dog helps the blind man walk. patient / pe nt/(n. 病人;adj. 有耐心的) a hospital patient(医院病人)、be patient with kids(对孩子有耐心) 作名词表“病人”,作形容词表“耐心的”;反义词impatient The doctor is patient with every patient. railway / re lwe /(n. 铁路;铁道) a railway station(火车站)、take the railway(坐火车) 可数名词,复数railways;英式英语常用,美式用railroad We go to Beijing by railway. modern / m dn/(adj. 现代的;当代的) modern life(现代生活)、a modern city(现代化城市) 形容词,可修饰事物;反义词为ancient Shanghai is a modern city with tall buildings. future / fju t (r)/(n. 将来;未来) in the future(在未来)、future plan(未来计划) 不可数名词;“in future”表“今后” I want to be a scientist in the future. alarm / l m/(n. 警报;闹铃) an alarm clock(闹钟)、set the alarm(设闹钟) 可数名词,复数alarms;“alarm”也可表“警报器” I set the alarm for 7 o’clock every morning. receive /r si v/(v. 受到;收到) receive a gift(收到礼物)、receive a letter(收到信) 动词,后接宾语;与accept(主动接受)区分(receive是被动收到) I receive a birthday present from my parents. sofa / s f /(n. 沙发) sit on the sofa(坐在沙发上)、a comfortable sofa(舒适的沙发) 可数名词,复数sofas;常用介词on搭配 We watch TV while sitting on the sofa. fireman / fa m n/(n. 消防队员,复数firemen) a brave fireman(勇敢的消防员)、put out fires(灭火) 复数为firemen(不规则变化);对应动词put out(扑灭) The fireman saves the girl from the burning house. uniform / ju n f m/(n. 制服;校服) a school uniform(校服)、wear a uniform(穿制服) 可数名词,复数uniforms;“wear a uniform”为固定搭配 We have to wear school uniforms at school. rush /r /(v. 迅速移动) rush to school(冲向学校)、rush into the room(冲进房间) 动词,表“匆忙移动”;“rush hour”表“高峰期” Don’t rush—we have enough time. dangerous / de nd r s/(adj. 有危险的) a dangerous job(危险的工作)、it’s dangerous to do(做某事危险) 形容词,可作表语或定语;名词形式为danger It’s dangerous to play near the river. brave /bre v/(adj. 勇敢的) a brave soldier(勇敢的士兵)、be brave to do(勇敢做某事) 形容词,可修饰人或行为;比较级braver He is brave enough to help the old man. tiny / ta ni/(adj. 极小的;微小的) a tiny baby(小婴儿)、tiny flowers(小花) 形容词,程度比small更轻;比较级tinier There is a tiny insect on the leaf. taikonaut / ta k n t/(n. 中国航天员) a Chinese taikonaut(中国航天员)、fly to space(飞向太空) 可数名词,复数taikonauts;专属“中国航天员”的英文表达 Yang Liwei is the first Chinese taikonaut. pioneer / pa n (r)/(n. 先锋;带头人) a pioneer in science(科学先锋)、pioneer work(开创性工作) 可数名词,复数pioneers;“pioneer”也可作动词 He is a pioneer of modern art. journey / d ni/(n. 长途旅行) a long journey(长途旅行)、start a journey(开始旅行) 可数名词,复数journeys;与trip(短途旅行)区分 We have a long journey to the countryside. training / tre n /(n. 训练;培训) sports training(体育训练)、receive training(接受培训) 不可数名词;由动词train派生 She needs a lot of training to be a dancer. without /w a t/(prep. 没有;缺乏) without water(没有水)、go out without a coat(没穿外套出门) 后接名词/动名词;反义词为with We can’t live without air. ready / redi/(adj. 准备好的) be ready for school(准备好上学)、get ready(准备好) 形容词,常与be/get搭配;“ready to do”表“准备做” Are you ready for the exam? nearly / n li/(adv. 差不多;将近) nearly 10 o’clock(将近10点)、nearly finished(差不多完成) 副词,放数词/动词前;与almost同义 It’s nearly dark—we should go home. chance /t ns/(n. 机会;机遇) a good chance(好机会)、have a chance to do(有机会做) 可数名词,复数chances;“by chance”表“偶然” I have a chance to visit the museum. spaceship / spe s p/(n. 航天飞船) a Chinese spaceship(中国航天飞船)、fly a spaceship(驾驶飞船) 可数名词,复数spaceships;与space(太空)同源 The spaceship flies to the moon. succeed /s k si d/(v. 成功;实现目标) succeed in doing(成功做某事)、succeed at work(工作成功) 动词,后接in+动名词;名词形式为success He succeeds in passing the exam. act / kt/(n. 行为;v. 扮演) an act of kindness(善举)、act a role(扮演角色) 作名词表“行为”,作动词表“表演”;与actor/actress同源 Her act of helping the blind man is kind. especially / spe li/(adv. 尤其;特别) especially in summer(尤其在夏天)、like sports especially football(喜欢运动,尤其是足球) 副词,放名词/句子前,表强调 I like fruits, especially apples. quality / kw l ti/(n. 品质;质量) good quality(好品质)、product quality(产品质量) 不可数名词表“品质”,可数表“质量”;形容词形式为qualitative He has the quality of being honest. according to / k d tu/(prep. 据……所说) according to the news(据新闻所说)、according to him(据他说) 固定短语,后接名词/代词;不能接从句 According to the teacher, the exam is easy. grandpa / r np /(n. 爷爷;姥爷) my grandpa(我的爷爷)、visit grandpa(看望爷爷) 口语词,全称为grandfather;对应grandma I often visit my grandpa on weekends. piano /pi n /(n. 钢琴) play the piano(弹钢琴)、a piano lesson(钢琴课) 可数名词,复数pianos;乐器前加the She can play the piano very well. interested / ntr st d/(adj. 感兴趣的) be interested in music(对音乐感兴趣)、feel interested(感到有趣) 修饰人,与interesting(修饰事物)区分;“be interested in”为固定搭配 I am interested in reading stories. direct /d rekt/(v. 导演;adj. 直接的) direct a film(导演电影)、a direct way(直接的方式) 作动词表“导演”,作形容词表“直接的”;与director同源 He directs a new movie this year. movie / mu vi/(n. 电影) watch a movie(看电影)、a movie theater(电影院) 可数名词,复数movies;与film同义(美式常用movie) Let’s go to watch a movie this evening. illness / ln s/(n. 疾病) have an illness(生病)、suffer from illness(患病) 不可数名词表“疾病”,可数表“具体病症”;由形容词ill派生 His illness makes him stay in bed. explorer / k spl r (r)/(n. 探险者) a polar explorer(极地探险者)、explore the forest(探索森林) 可数名词,复数explorers;由动词explore派生 The explorer travels to many unknown places. curious / kj ri s/(adj. 好奇的) be curious about the world(对世界好奇)、a curious child(好奇的孩子) 形容词,常与about搭配;名词形式为curiosity Children are curious about everything. secret / si kr t/(n. 秘密) keep a secret(保守秘密)、tell a secret(透露秘密) 可数名词,复数secrets;“secret”也可作形容词 Don’t tell anyone—it’s our secret. tomorrow /t m r /(adv./n. 明天) see you tomorrow(明天见)、tomorrow morning(明天早上) 作副词时前不加介词;作名词时可加on(on tomorrow) We will have a test tomorrow. opinion / p nj n/(n. 意见;想法) in my opinion(在我看来)、give an opinion(发表意见) 可数名词,复数opinions;“opinion”常与in搭配 In my opinion, we should go to the park. course /k s/(n. 课程;进程) a math course(数学课程)、the course of the river(河流的流向) 可数名词,复数courses;“of course”表“当然” I take a painting course on weekends. officer / f s (r)/(n. 高级职员;官员) a police officer(警察)、a government officer(政府官员) 可数名词,复数officers;与office(办公室)同源 The police officer helps the lost child. vote /v t/(v. 投票;选出) vote for sb.(给某人投票)、have a vote(投票) 动词/名词,作动词时后接for;作名词时为可数 We vote for our class monitor. choose /t u z/(v. 选择;挑选) choose a book(选一本书)、choose to do(选择做) 过去式chose、过去分词chosen(不规则变化) I choose the red dress for the party. lawyer / l j (r)/(n. 律师) a famous lawyer(著名律师)、work as a lawyer(当律师) 可数名词,复数lawyers;与law(法律)同源 Her mother is a lawyer who helps people. competition / k mp t n/(n. 比赛;竞赛) a sports competition(体育比赛)、take part in a competition(参加竞赛) 可数名词,复数competitions;由动词compete派生 We win the singing competition. encourage / n k r d /(v. 鼓励;激励) encourage sb. to do(鼓励某人做)、encourage each other(互相鼓励) 动词,后接人+to do;名词形式为encouragement My teacher encourages me to study hard. proud /pra d/(adj. 骄傲的;自豪的) be proud of(为……自豪)、feel proud(感到骄傲) 形容词,常与of搭配;名词形式为pride I am proud of my country. success /s k ses/(n. 成功;胜利) achieve success(取得成功)、a great success(巨大成功) 不可数名词表“成功”,可数表“成功的事”;与succeed同源 His hard work leads to success. zookeeper / zu ki p (r)/(n. 动物园管理员) a zookeeper(动物园管理员)、take care of animals(照顾动物) 可数名词,复数zookeepers;由zoo+keeper构成 The zookeeper feeds the pandas every day. achieve / t i v/(v. 达到;成功) achieve a goal(实现目标)、achieve success(取得成功) 动词,后接目标/成就;名词形式为achievement She achieves her dream of being a singer. design /d za n/(v. 设计;n. 设计) design a dress(设计裙子)、a new design(新设计) 作动词表“设计”,作名词表“设计方案”;名词形式为designer(设计师) He designs a new logo for the company. model / m dl/(n. 模型;模特儿) a model plane(模型飞机)、a fashion model(时尚模特) 可数名词,复数models;可指“模型”或“模特” She is a model who shows new clothes. scientific / sa n t f k/(adj. 科学的) scientific research(科学研究)、a scientific method(科学方法) 形容词,修饰事物;由science派生 We use scientific ways to solve the problem. knowledge / n l d /(n. 知识;学问) gain knowledge(获取知识)、knowledge of English(英语知识) 不可数名词;“knowledge”常与gain/have搭配 Reading books can increase our knowledge. challenge / t l nd /(n. 挑战) face a challenge(面对挑战)、a difficult challenge(困难的挑战) 可数名词,复数challenges;也可作动词 It’s a challenge to climb the high mountain. however /ha ev (r)/(adv. 然而) It’s hard, however, we can try(很难,但我们可以试) 副词,放句首/句中,表转折;后常加逗号 I like sports. However, I don’t have much time. shelf / elf/(n. 架子,复数shelves) a book shelf(书架)、put books on the shelf(把书放架子上) 复数为shelves(不规则变化);常用介词on搭配 The books are on the shelf. reader / ri d (r)/(n. 读者) a book reader(读书的人)、the reader of the magazine(杂志读者) 可数名词,复数readers;由动词read派生 The book is popular with readers. record / rek d/(n. 记录;v. /r k d/ 记录) keep a record(做记录)、record the event(记录事件) 作名词时重音在第一音节,作动词时在第二音节 I keep a record of my daily life. dentist / dent st/(n. 牙科医生) go to the dentist(看牙医)、a dentist’s clinic(牙科诊所) 可数名词,复数dentists;与tooth(牙齿)相关 I go to the dentist to check my teeth. reason / ri zn/(n. 原因;理由) the reason for being late(迟到的原因)、give a reason(给出理由) 可数名词,复数reasons;“reason”常与for搭配 What’s the reason for your absence? research /r s t /(n. 研究;调查) do research(做研究)、scientific research(科学研究) 不可数名词;也可作动词,后接on/about The scientist does research on plants. tourist / t r st/(n. 游客) a tourist(游客)、tourist attractions(旅游景点) 可数名词,复数tourists;与tour(旅行)同源 There are many tourists in the museum. speech /spi t /(n. 演说;讲话) give a speech(发表演讲)、a school speech(学校演讲) 可数名词,复数speeches;“speech”也可表“语言” He gives a speech about environmental protection. term /t m/(n. 学期) a school term(学期)、the first term(第一学期) 可数名词,复数terms;一年有two terms(两学期) We have exams at the end of the term. waitress / we tr s/(n. 女服务员) a restaurant waitress(餐厅女服务员)、serve customers(服务顾客) 可数名词,复数waitresses;对应男服务员waiter The waitress brings us the menu. greet / ri t/(v. 和某人打招呼;欢迎) greet friends(问候朋友)、greet with a smile(微笑问候) 动词,后接人;名词形式为greeting(问候语) She greets her teacher when she sees her. guest / est/(n. 客人;宾客) a party guest(派对客人)、treat guests(招待客人) 可数名词,复数guests;与host(主人)对应 We have many guests at the birthday party. smile /sma l/(v./n. 微笑) smile at sb.(对某人微笑)、a big smile(灿烂的微笑) 作动词表“微笑”,作名词表“笑容”;常用搭配smile at She smiles at me when I say hello. lead /li d/(v. 带路;领路) lead the way(带路)、lead sb. to the door(领某人到门口) 过去式led(不规则变化);“lead to”表“导致” The guide leads us through the forest. boring / b r /(adj. 没趣的;令人厌倦的) a boring movie(无聊的电影)、feel boring(感到无聊) 修饰事物,与bored(修饰人)区分 The class is so boring that I fall asleep. customer / k st m (r)/(n. 顾客) a shop customer(商店顾客)、serve customers(服务顾客) 可数名词,复数customers;与shop(商店)搭配 The shopkeeper is friendly to customers. conversation / k nv se n/(n. 交谈;谈话) have a conversation(交谈)、a friendly conversation(友好的谈话) 可数名词,复数conversations;与talk(谈话)同义 We have a conversation about our hobbies. manager / m n d (r)/(n. 经理) a store manager(商店经理)、manage the company(管理公司) 可数名词,复数managers;由动词manage派生 The manager of the restaurant is very strict. noisy / n zi/(adj. 吵闹的;充满噪声的) a noisy room(吵闹的房间)、too noisy(太吵) 形容词,可作表语或定语;名词形式为noise The classroom is noisy because of the students. simple / s mpl/(adj. 简单的;易做的) a simple question(简单的问题)、simple food(简单的食物) 形容词,可修饰事物;反义词为difficult The math problem is simple for me. successful /s k sesfl/(adj. 获得成功的;有成就的) a successful man(成功的人)、a successful project(成功的项目) 形容词,由success派生;可修饰人或事物 He is a successful writer with many books. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $