2026届高考英语语法-定语从句 专题复习导学案

该高中英语导学案系统梳理了高考定语从句专题，涵盖限定性与非限定性两大核心类别，关系词选择、介词+关系代词等三大高频考点变形及as引导、分隔式等特殊考法，构建“定义-例句-真题”三层知识网络，通过问题链和任务单引导学生自主辨析关系词功能，形成系统性认知框架。 亮点在于诊断性训练与分层突破设计，开篇设置语法填空、单句改错等题型组成的限时自测，学生通过错题定位薄弱点，结合“关系词判定三步法”等方法指导自主提升，培养语言能力和思维品质。每个模块配有真题演练和错题归因表，助力个性化知识建构，教师可依学情精准辅导，实现因材施教。

2026高考高三英语二轮定语从句专题复习 一、高考核心知识点梳理 （一）定语从句两大核心类别（高考必考） 核心定义：定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，被修饰的词叫先行词，连接从句与主句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中充当一定成分。 1. 限定性定语从句 ① 功能：对先行词进行修饰限定，与先行词关系紧密，去掉后主句语义不完整；从句前无逗号。 ② 关系代词：who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、whose（指人/物，作定语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语） ③ 关系副词：when（指时间，作状语）、where（指地点，作状语）、why（指原因，作状语，先行词为reason） ④ 高考真题例句（2025·新课标I卷改编）：The girl who won the English speech contest is my deskmate. 2. 非限定性定语从句 ① 功能：对先行词进行补充说明，与先行词关系松散，去掉后主句语义完整；从句前有逗号；不可用that引导，不可省略关系词。 ② 关系代词：who/whom/whose/which（可指代整个主句内容） ③ 关系副词：when/where（why不可引导） ④ 高考真题例句（2024·全国卷II改编）：We visited the ancient temple, which was built in the Tang Dynasty. （二）定语从句三大高频考点变形（高考重难点） 1. 关系词的选择技巧 ① 核心原则：一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中充当的成分 ② 具体判定： *从句缺主语/宾语→用关系代词who/whom/which/that *从句缺定语→用whose *从句缺状语（时间/地点/原因）→用关系副词when/where/why ③ 真题原型（2023·新课标卷I）：This is the factory where my father worked ten years ago.（从句缺地点状语） 2. 只能用that引导的四种情况 ① 先行词为不定代词（everything, nothing, something等） ② 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 ③ 先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰 ④ 先行词既有人又有物 ⑤ 真题原型（2024·天津卷）：All that we need to do is to work hard and hold on to our dreams. 3. 介词+关系代词的用法 ① 结构：介词+which（指物）/whom（指人） ② 介词选择依据：取决于先行词的搭配或从句中动词的搭配 ③ 真题原型（2025·浙江卷）：The man with whom my mother is talking is our head teacher.（talk with sb. 固定搭配） （三）定语从句的特殊考法（2025模拟新增考点） 1. as引导的定语从句 ① 用法1：用于such...as..., the same...as...结构中，as在从句中作主语或宾语，此时as不可替换为that ② 用法2：引导非限定性定语从句时，可置于句首、句中或句末，指代整个主句内容，意为“正如” ③ 高考真题例句1（2024·新课标I卷改编）：Such problems as are often mentioned by teachers are not easy to solve.（as引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语） ④ 高考真题例句2（2025·浙江卷改编）：As we expected, our team won the championship finally.（as引导非限定性定语从句，置于句首指代主句内容） 2. 分隔式定语从句 ① 定义：先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分隔开 ② 解题关键：需先跳过插入成分准确找到先行词，再判断关系词在从句中充当的成分 ③ 高考真题例句1（2023·全国甲卷改编）：The only thing that we can do now is to wait for the rescue team.（先行词thing与定语从句之间被we can do now隔开） ④ 高考真题例句2（2024·天津卷改编）：A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English literature.（先行词teacher与定语从句之间被will come tomorrow隔开） 二、 高考高频考点与易错点突破 （一）高频考点清单（近5年考查频次） 1. 关系代词与关系副词的辨析：每年必考，涉及语法填空、短文改错题型 2. 限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别：每年必考，涉及语法填空、阅读理解题型 3. 介词+关系代词的用法：4考，涉及语法填空、单选题型 4. 只能用that引导的特殊情况：3考，涉及语法填空、短文改错题型 （二）易错点辨析（丢分重灾区） 1. 关系代词that与which的区别 ① 在限定性定语从句中，that既可以指人也可以指物，which只能指物； ② 非限定性定语从句中，只能用which引导，绝对不能用that； ③ 当先行词为不定代词时，限定性定语从句只能用that引导，不能用which； ④ 介词后面引导定语从句时，只能用which指代物、用whom指代人，不能用that。 2. 关系副词where/when与关系代词which/that的区别 ① 判定关键：看从句中的谓语动词性质 ② 具体规则： *从句谓语动词是及物动词，后面缺少宾语→用关系代词which/that *从句谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不缺宾语→用关系副词where/when ③ 正确例句：This is the park where we had a picnic last week.（had为不及物动词，不缺宾语） ④ 错误例句：This is the park which we had a picnic last week. 3. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 ① 同位语从句：解释说明先行词的具体内容，that无词义，不充当从句中的任何成分 例句：The news that our team won the game excited everyone. ② 定语从句：修饰限定先行词，that有指代意义，需要在从句中充当主语或宾语等成分 例句：The news that he told us excited everyone.（that作told的宾语） 三、 解题技巧（高考快速得分法） （一）关系词判定三步法 1. 步骤：① 找出先行词；② 判断先行词指人/物/时间/地点；③ 分析关系词在从句中作主语/宾语/定语/状语，从而确定关系词 2. 例句：先行词为the girl（指人），从句缺主语 → 用who/that；先行词为the park（指地点），从句不缺宾语 → 用where （二）非限定性定语从句判定技巧 1. 规则：从句前有逗号，指代事物用which，指代整个主句时，用which/as 2. 例句1：He missed the bus, which made him late for school.（which指代前面整个主句） 3. 例句2：As is known to all, practice makes perfect.（as置于句首指代主句） （三）复杂定语从句判定技巧 1. 规则：遇到分隔式定语从句，先跳过插入成分定位先行词，再判断关系词在从句中充当的成分 2. 例句：The letter that I received yesterday was from my pen pal.（插入成分为yesterday，跳过定位先行词the letter，从句缺宾语用that） 定语从句限时训练卷 考试时间：25分钟 满分：80分 （一）语法填空（每题2分，共20分） 从每题所给选项中，选出最佳答案填入空白处 1. The Silk Route, along which ancient merchants carried treasures between continents, is the path ______ brought Asian plants to shape European gardening. A. who B. that C. where D. what 2. Tang Xianzu, ______ is honored as "the Shakespeare of Asia," has cultural elements commemorated in Shakespeare’s hometown. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 3. The countryside in Zhejiang ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild is now a popular destination for nature lovers. A. that B. where C. which D. when 4. Food waste from tourists, ______ accounted for about 8% of global gas release last year, has become a major environmental concern. A. as B. what C. that D. which 5. Companies ______ use excessive plastic packaging have received emails urging them to switch to eco-friendly alternatives. A. which B. where C. whose D. when 6. The fable’s timeless value, ______ Rachel Carson mentions in her work, still resonates with readers today. A. that B. as C. which D. where 7. The way ______ shops price their goods usually aims to maximize profits rather than meet customers’ lowest expectations. A. in which B. where C. that D. how 8. The British Museum, ______ core collection came from Sir Hans Sloane’s 80,000 objects, opened to the public in 1759. A. whose B. which C. that D. whom 9. All the species ______ live within the Giant Panda National Park will get stronger protection for ecosystem health. A. which B. that C. who D. where 10. Less formal clothing, ______ Tanya plans to package as capsule wardrobes for travelers, extends rental services beyond special occasions. A. whom B. where C. which D. that （二）句式转换（每题3分，共30分） 用括号内所给关系词改写句子，改写后句子需语法正确、语义完整 1.  The man is my uncle. He is wearing a black coat.（who） _________________________________________________________________________________ 2.  This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.（which） _________________________________________________________________________________ 3.  I remember the day. I met you on that day.（when） _________________________________________________________________________________ 4.  The book is very interesting. Its cover is red.（whose） _________________________________________________________________________________ 5.  She gave me a reason. She was late for the reason.（why） _________________________________________________________________________________ 6.  The girl is my deskmate. We are talking about her.（whom） _________________________________________________________________________________ 7.  He has a new bike. The bike's color is blue.（whose） _________________________________________________________________________________ 8.  The meeting was very important. I attended the meeting yesterday.（that） _________________________________________________________________________________ 9.  He made a mistake. It made his teacher very angry.（which） _________________________________________________________________________________ 10.  This is the park. We had a picnic in the park last Sunday.（where） _________________________________________________________________________________ （三）单句改错（每题2分，共20分） 下列句子均有一处错误，请找出并改正（聚焦高考高频错点） 1. The girl which is standing at the school gate is my sister. 2. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read it. 3. I will never forget the days when we spent together in the countryside. 4. The man with who my father is talking is our new teacher. 5. She told me a story, which was very touching and I was moved to tears. 6. The reason that he gave up the competition is that he was injured in the training. 7. This is the factory where we visited last month with our teacher. 8. As we all know it, success comes from hard work and perseverance. 9. He has two sons, both of them are doctors in a big hospital. 10. The student whom won the first prize in the competition is from our class. （四）语篇填空（每题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The Beijing Winter Olympics, 1. ______ amazed the world with its grand opening ceremony, set a new standard for international sports events. It was a stage 2. ______ athletes from around the globe competed with passion and sportsmanship, 3. ______ was praised by athletes and officials alike. There were moments 4. ______ viewers held their breath, watching underdogs create miracles and champions defend their titles. The "Ice Ribbon", 5. ______ advanced technology ensures ice surface stability, became an iconic venue. It provided an environment 6. ______ every athlete could perform at their best, and many records were broken on the ice 7. ______ they once trained hard. Volunteers and staff, 8. ______ dedication and efforts made the Games perfect, were the unsung heroes. They offered help to anyone 9. ______ needed assistance, including athletes, coaches and journalists, 10. ______ left unforgettable memories for the world. 定语从句专项学案 参考答案与详细解析 一、 语法填空（每题2分，共20分） 1. B 解析：改编自2024新课标I卷真题，先行词the path指物，从句中缺少主语，且先行词被介词短语along which修饰，仍需用that/which引导，此处选项中只有that符合，考查限定性定语从句关系词作主语的用法。 2. C 解析：对标2024新课标II卷真题，先行词Tang Xianzu指人，非限定性定语从句中关系词作主语，用who引导，区别于作宾语时的whom，是高考常考的指人关系词辨析考点。 3. B 解析：基于2025全国II卷真题改编，先行词the countryside指地点，从句中不缺主语和宾语，bamboo and tea bushes grow wild为完整主谓结构，需用where作地点状语，考查关系副词的判定。 4. D 解析：源自2025北京卷真题，非限定性定语从句修饰先行词food waste（指物），从句中作主语，只能用which引导，考查非限定性定语从句的关系词选择禁忌（不可用that）。 5. A 解析：改编自2021新高考II卷真题，先行词companies指物，从句中use为谓语动词，缺少主语，用which引导，符合“先行词指物+从句缺主语”的高频考点模式。 6. B 解析：参考2023全国甲卷真题，as引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句中，意为“正如”，区别于which不可置于句中作此类指代的用法，是高考特殊关系词考点。 7. C 解析：依据2024浙江1月卷真题，先行词the way作“方式”讲，从句中缺少主语，需用that/which引导，区别于作状语时的in which/that/省略结构，考查the way作先行词的特殊用法。 8. A 解析：结合2020全国III卷whose用法考点，先行词The British Museum与core collection为所有格关系，“博物馆的核心藏品”，用whose作定语，考查whose既指人也指物的所有格用法。 9. B 解析：改编自2022新高考I卷真题，先行词the species被all修饰，限定性定语从句中关系词作主语，只能用that引导，不可用which，是高考定语从句的高频易错点。 10. C 解析：源自2025浙江1月卷真题，非限定性定语从句修饰先行词less formal clothing（指物），从句中package后缺少宾语，用which引导，考查非限定性定语从句常规用法。 二、 句式转换（每题3分，共30分） 1. The man who is wearing a black coat is my uncle. 2. This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. 3. I remember the day when I met you. 4. The book whose cover is red is very interesting. 5. She gave me a reason why she was late. 6. The girl whom we are talking about is my deskmate. 7. He has a new bike whose color is blue. 8. The meeting that I attended yesterday was very important. 9. He made a mistake which made his teacher very angry. 10. This is the park where we had a picnic last Sunday. 三、 单句改错（每题2分，共20分） 1. which → who/that 解析：先行词the girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that。 2. 去掉it 解析：关系词that在从句中作read的宾语，it多余，为高考短文改错高频错点。 3. when → which/that 解析：先行词the days指物，关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，用which/that。 4. who → whom 解析：介词with后接关系代词，先行词the man指人，用whom。 5. 无错误 解析：which引导非限定性定语从句，指代a story，用法正确。 6. 第一个that → why 解析：先行词the reason表原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，用why，改编自2025浙江卷短文改错真题。 7. where → which/that 解析：先行词the factory指物，关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，用which/that。 8. 去掉it 解析：as引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作know的宾语，it多余。 9. them → whom 解析：非限定性定语从句，先行词two sons指人，介词of后用whom。 10. whom → who/that 解析：先行词the student指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that。 四、 语篇填空（每题1分，共10分） 1. which → 非限定性定语从句，先行词指物，从句缺主语 2. where → 抽象地点名词（stage），从句不缺主宾 3. as → as引导非限定性定语从句，指代前文整个内容（正如大家称赞的那样） 4. when → 时间名词（moments），从句不缺主宾 5. whose → 所属关系，先行词指物（The "Ice Ribbon"） 6. where → 抽象地点名词（environment），从句不缺主宾 7. where → 介词+关系代词（on which=where），对应先行词ice，考查介词搭配 8. whose → 所属关系，先行词既有人（Volunteers and staff） 9. who/that → 不定代词（anyone）作先行词，从句缺主语 10. who → 先行词指人（athletes...journalists），非限定性定语从句缺主语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $