2026届高考英语语法-定语从句 专题复习导学案
2026高考高三英语二轮定语从句专题复习
一、高考核心知识点梳理
(一)定语从句两大核心类别(高考必考)
核心定义:定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,被修饰的词叫先行词,连接从句与主句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,在从句中充当一定成分。
1. 限定性定语从句
① 功能:对先行词进行修饰限定,与先行词关系紧密,去掉后主句语义不完整;从句前无逗号。
② 关系代词:who(指人,作主语/宾语)、whom(指人,作宾语)、whose(指人/物,作定语)、which(指物,作主语/宾语)、that(指人/物,作主语/宾语)
③ 关系副词:when(指时间,作状语)、where(指地点,作状语)、why(指原因,作状语,先行词为reason)
④ 高考真题例句(2025·新课标I卷改编):The girl who won the English speech contest is my deskmate.
2. 非限定性定语从句
① 功能:对先行词进行补充说明,与先行词关系松散,去掉后主句语义完整;从句前有逗号;不可用that引导,不可省略关系词。
② 关系代词:who/whom/whose/which(可指代整个主句内容)
③ 关系副词:when/where(why不可引导)
④ 高考真题例句(2024·全国卷II改编):We visited the ancient temple, which was built in the Tang Dynasty.
(二)定语从句三大高频考点变形(高考重难点)
1. 关系词的选择技巧
① 核心原则:一看先行词,二看关系词在从句中充当的成分
② 具体判定:
*从句缺主语/宾语→用关系代词who/whom/which/that
*从句缺定语→用whose
*从句缺状语(时间/地点/原因)→用关系副词when/where/why
③ 真题原型(2023·新课标卷I):This is the factory where my father worked ten years ago.(从句缺地点状语)
2. 只能用that引导的四种情况
① 先行词为不定代词(everything, nothing, something等)
② 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰
③ 先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰
④ 先行词既有人又有物
⑤ 真题原型(2024·天津卷):All that we need to do is to work hard and hold on to our dreams.
3. 介词+关系代词的用法
① 结构:介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)
② 介词选择依据:取决于先行词的搭配或从句中动词的搭配
③ 真题原型(2025·浙江卷):The man with whom my mother is talking is our head teacher.(talk with sb. 固定搭配)
(三)定语从句的特殊考法(2025模拟新增考点)
1. as引导的定语从句
① 用法1:用于such...as..., the same...as...结构中,as在从句中作主语或宾语,此时as不可替换为that
② 用法2:引导非限定性定语从句时,可置于句首、句中或句末,指代整个主句内容,意为
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“正如”
③ 高考真题例句1(2024·新课标I卷改编):Such problems as are often mentioned by teachers are not easy to solve.(as引导限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语)
④ 高考真题例句2(2025·浙江卷改编):As we expected, our team won the championship finally.(as引导非限定性定语从句,置于句首指代主句内容)
2. 分隔式定语从句
① 定义:先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分隔开
② 解题关键:需先跳过插入成分准确找到先行词,再判断关系词在从句中充当的成分
③ 高考真题例句1(2023·全国甲卷改编):The only thing that we can do now is to wait for the rescue team.(先行词thing与定语从句之间被we can do now隔开)
④ 高考真题例句2(2024·天津卷改编):A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English literature.(先行词teacher与定语从句之间被will come tomorrow隔开)
二、 高考高频考点与易错点突破
(一)高频考点清单(近5年考查频次)
1. 关系代词与关系副词的辨析:每年必考,涉及语法填空、短文改错题型
2. 限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别:每年必考,涉及语法填空、阅读理解题型
3. 介词+关系代词的用法:4考,涉及语法填空、单选题型
4. 只能用that引导的特殊情况:3考,涉及语法填空、短文改错题型
(二)易错点辨析(丢分重灾区)
1. 关系代词that与which的区别
① 在限定性定语从句中,that既可以指人也可以指物,which只能指物;
② 非限定性定语从句中,只能用which引导,绝对不能用that;
③ 当先行词为不定代词时,限定性定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which;
④ 介词后面引导定语从句时,只能用which指代物、用whom指代人,不能用that。
2. 关系副词where/when与关系代词which/that的区别
① 判定关键:看从句中的谓语动词性质
② 具体规则:
*从句谓语动词是及物动词,后面缺少宾语→用关系代词which/that
*从句谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不缺宾语→用关系副词where/when
③ 正确例句:This is the park where we had a picnic last week.(had为不及物动词,不缺宾语)
④ 错误例句:This is the park which we had a picnic last week.
3. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
① 同位语从句:解释说明先行词的具体内容,that无词义,不充当从句中的任何成分
例句:The news that our team won the game excited everyone.
② 定语从句:修饰限定先行词,that有指代意义,需要在从句中充当主语或宾语等成分
例句:The news that he told us excited everyone.(that作told的宾语)
三、 解题技巧(高考快速得分法)
(一)关系词判定三步法
1. 步骤:① 找出先行词;② 判断先行词指人/物/时间/地点;③ 分析关系词在从句中作主语/宾语/定语/状语,从而确定关系词
2. 例句:先行词为the girl(指人),从句缺主语 → 用who/that;先行词为the park(指地点),从句不缺宾语 → 用where
(二)非限定性定语从句判定技巧
1. 规则:从句前有逗号,指代事物用which,指代整个主句时,用which/as
2. 例句1:He missed the bus, which made him late for school.(which指代前面整个主句)
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3. 例句2:As is known to all, practice makes perfect.(as置于句首指代主句)
(三)复杂定语从句判定技巧
1. 规则:遇到分隔式定语从句,先跳过插入成分定位先行词,再判断关系词在从句中充当的成分
2. 例句:The letter that I received yesterday was from my pen pal.(插入成分为yesterday,跳过定位先行词the letter,从句缺宾语用that)
定语从句限时训练卷
考试时间:25分钟 满分:80分
(一)语法填空(每题2分,共20分)
从每题所给选项中,选出最佳答案填入空白处
1. The Silk Route, along which ancient merchants carried treasures between continents, is the path ______ brought Asian plants to shape European gardening.
A. who B. that C. where D. what
2. Tang Xianzu, ______ is honored as "the Shakespeare of Asia," has cultural elements commemorated in Shakespeare’s hometown.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
3. The countryside in Zhejiang ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild is now a popular destination for nature lovers.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
4. Food waste from tourists, ______ accounted for about 8% of global gas release last year, has become a major environmental concern.
A. as B. what C. that D. which
5. Companies ______ use excessive plastic packaging have received emails urging them to switch to eco-friendly alternatives.
A. which B. where C. whose D. when
6. The fable’s timeless value, ______ Rachel Carson mentions in her work, still resonates with readers today.
A. that B. as C. which D. where
7. The way ______ shops price their goods usually aims to maximize profits rather than meet customers’ lowest expectations.
A. in which B. where C. that D. how
8. The British Museum, ______ core collection came from Sir Hans Sloane’s 80,000 objects, opened to the public in 1759.
A. whose B. which C. that D. whom
9. All the species ______ live within the Giant Panda National Park will get stronger protection for ecosystem health.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
10. Less formal clothing, ______ Tanya plans to package as capsule wardrobes for travelers, extends rental services beyond special occasions.
A. whom B. where C. which D. that
(二)句式转换(每题3分,共30分)
用括号内所给关系词改写句子,改写后句子需语法正确、语义完整
- The man is my uncle. He is wearing a black coat.(who)
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- This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.(which)
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