UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ-（配套练习）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Prepare for a disaster Ⅰ.话题词汇 1.a strong earthquake　　一场大地震 2.tap on a pipe 轻敲管道 3.help the survivors 帮助幸存者 4.first aid kit 急救箱 5.be caught/trapped in 陷入/被困于…… 6.rescue ...from ... 从……中营救出…… 7.volunteers and rescue workers 志愿者和救援人员 8.emergency supplies 应急物品 9.make sure that ... 确保…… 10.safety instructions 安全指令 Ⅱ.话题句式 1.A strong earthquake hit this area yesterday. 昨天这个地区发生了一场大地震。 2.Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe. 救援人员和士兵们正日夜工作，以确保人们安全。 3.I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters. 我想知道我们能做什么来预防自然灾害。 4.There’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms. 没有办法阻止地震和暴风雨。 5.We can keep them from becoming disasters. 我们可以阻止它们成为灾难。 6.First of all， you should keep in mind that prevention is more important than any other measure. 首先，你应该记住：预防比任何其他措施都重要。 7.Stay calm and we had better stay indoors and make sure that the doors and windows are closed tightly. 保持镇静，我们最好待在室内，确保门窗紧闭。 8.A strong earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale hit California. 加利福尼亚发生了里氏6.1级强地震。 Part Ⅱ　Write a summary 1.What can we learn about the tsunami in Asia？（　　） A.It was caused by an earthquake. B.It killed 6，500 people in Indonesia. C.It was caused by a volcanic eruption. D.It hit four countries including Thailand. 2.What is the second paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The reasons for the tsunami. B.The effect of the tsunami. C.Why the tsunami was dangerous. D.How the tsunami came into being. 3.What were Chandra Theeravit and her children doing？（　　） A.They were playing games. B.They were doing housework. C.They were having breakfast. D.They were watching a movie. 4.What is the text？（　　） A.A news report.　　 B.A travel journal. C.A personal diary. D.A scientific paper. 核心词汇集释 1.deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 教材原句　However， dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物质补给将非常困难。 【用法】 （1）deliver sth to sb　　　　把某物递送给某人 deliver free of charge 免费送达 deliver a baby 接生婴儿 （2）deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说（3）delivery n.　　　　递送；交付 express delivery 快递 【佳句】　We promise to deliver free of charge within 24 hours. 我们承诺在24小时内免费送达。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The supermarket offers customers a free home 　　　　　　（deliver） service. ② He liked the food so much that he had it 　　　　　（deliver） to his house every day. 【写美】　完成句子 ③It is a great honour for me to 　　　　　　titled “Together for a shared future”. （演讲稿） 我很荣幸为大家作一个题目为“携手共进，共创未来”的演讲。 2.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 n.平静的时期；宁静的状态 教材原句　If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire， first of all， stay calm. 如果你发现自己处于森林火灾的危险之中，首先，要保持冷静。 【用法】 （1）keep/stay calm　　保持镇静 （2）calm down 平静下来 calm sb down 使某人平静/镇静下来 （3）calmly adv. 镇静地 calmness n. 冷静，镇静；平静 【佳句】　Dawn came， the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever. （环境描写） 破晓时分，大海平静下来，但寒冷依然。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When he is anxious， he often breathes deeply to calm 　　　　　　. ②Though he was trapped in the flood， he gave his wife a call 　　　　　　（calm）. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　　　　　　　　　　； there is no need to feel anxious about it. 让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事焦虑。 3.aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.（formal）帮助；援助 【用法】 （1）give/perform/carry out first aid进行急救　　　　　　 come to one’s aid 帮助某人 with the aid of sb＝with one’s aid 在某人的帮助下 （2） 帮助某人做某事 【佳句】　Medical workers came to his aid and gave first aid right away. 医务人员赶来并立即对他进行了急救。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I’d be very grateful if you could aid me 　　　　　my English. ②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother 　　　　　　（clean） the house. ③I couldn’t speak French but a kind man came 　　　　　　my aid. 【写美】　完成句子 ④It is 　　　　　　　　that I have made such great progress. （感谢信） 是在你的帮助下我才取得了这么大的进步。 4.effect n.影响；结果；效果 【用法】 （1）have an effect on/upon　对……产生影响 come into effect 生效 side effect 副作用 cause and effect 因果 in effect 实际上 （2）effective adj. 产生预期结果的 【佳句】　It remains to be seen whether the medicine has side effects. 这种药是否有副作用还有待观察。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The measures taken by the local government will come 　　　　　　effect next month. ②This method may not be 　　　　　　（effect） for everyone as each student’s oral ability is different. 【写美】　完成句子 ③There is no doubt that reading books can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　children. 毫无疑问，读书会对儿童产生积极的影响。 5.wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 教材原句　Fishermen， tourists， hotels， homes， and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。 【用法】 （1）wave goodbye to sb　向某人挥手告别 wave to/at 向……挥手 （2）a wave of 一波……；一阵…… 【佳句】　With tears in eyes， they waved us goodbye/waved goodbye to us when the train left the station. （动作描写） 当火车离开车站时，他们眼含泪水地向我们挥手告别。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The stranger spoke rapidly， 　　　　　　（wave） his arms about. 【写美】　完成句子 ②　　　　　　　　　 swept over me and I couldn’t speak a word. 一阵恐惧席卷了我，我一句话也说不出来。 ③I 　　　　　　　　， with tears welling up in my eyes.我热泪盈眶，向妈妈挥手告别。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：be doing sth when ...正在做某事，这时…… 教材原句　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 【用法】 when在本句中用作并列连词，表示“正在那时；这时”，常用句型还有： be about to do sth when ... 正要做某事，这时…… had just done sth when ... 刚做过某事，这时…… 【品悟】　The kid was delivering newspapers when it began to rain. 那个小孩正在送报，这时天开始下起雨来。 【写美】　完成句子 ①She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　to shout at the dog to frighten it 　　　　　　she stopped and stood quite still. （动作描写） 她正准备打开窗户，大声吓唬一下那只狗，这时她突然停住了，站着一动不动。 ②I 　　　　　　　　　　　I saw smoke rising in the distance. （动作描写） 我正在遛狗，这时突然看到远处升起的烟。 2.句型公式：make＋it＋形容词/名词（宾语补足语）＋to do/that从句 教材原句　However， dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 【用法】 句型“make＋it＋形容词/名词（宾语补足语）＋to do/that从句”中的it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或that从句。find、 feel、 think、 take等动词也有这样的用法。 【品悟】　Don’t take it for granted that your parents should offer you everything. 不要理所当然地认为父母应该为你提供一切。 【写美】　完成句子 ①I must 　　　　　　　　　I will make every effort to win the medal. 我必须表明，我会全力以赴赢得奖牌。 ②Being honest， you will 　　　　　　　　　get along with others. 以诚待人，你会发现更容易与他人相处。 ③　　　　　　　　　 finish the work on time. 我们发现我们按时完成这项工作是可能的。 Step 1｜品教材课文 The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA：OVER 6，500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse　Monday， 27 December 2004 　　[1]The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday， killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia， India， Thailand， Malaysia， and at least four other countries.Fishermen， tourists， hotels， homes， and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a.m.， Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.In that area alone， at least 1，870 people were killed. 　　[1]句中关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词tsunami； killing ...是动词-ing短语作结果状语。 　　In Sri Lanka， some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre， the number of deaths stood at 2，498， and one million more were affected by the tsunami， government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.In southern Thailand， 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing， local officials said.“[2]I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.We had to leave everything and run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit， a local Thai woman. 　　[2]本句运用了“be doing sth when ...”结构，意为“正在做某事，这时（突然）……” 　　Thousands of people are still missing， and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.[3]However， dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 　　[3]本句运用了“make＋it＋形容词＋to do”结构，it在句中是形式宾语，代替真正宾语动词不定式短语。 Step 2｜析写作手法 学语言 1.第一段中有关灾害的一系列动词crashed into， were swept away， struck的使用体现了语言的高度凝练和生动有力。 2.第一段第一句中使用了that引导的定语从句（that crashed into coastlines ...）和动词-ing短语作状语（killing more than 6，500 people ...）；第二句使用了过去分词短语作后置定语（caused by the strong earthquake）以及that引导的定语从句（that reached a magnitude of 9.0），这些高级句式结构的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。 3.第二段第一句中some 1，600 kilometres表明的是大约的数字，说明报道的语言表达准确客观，动词stood则强调了死亡人数之多，和后面的as many as， Thousands of一起突出了灾难的严重性。 4.第二、三段使用了被动语态；be doing ...when ...， make＋it＋形容词＋to do sth等高级句式彰显了作者较强的语言功底。 学结构 每日新闻 海啸袭击亚洲：6，500余人丧生 罗伯特·伍德豪斯　星期一　2004年12月27日 　　昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6，500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7时许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1，870人死亡。 　　政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1，600千米处，死亡人数高达2，498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1，900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1，900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。” 　　仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 一、夺人眼球开头句 1.One summer night in July saw a moving scene in a street in Chengdu. 7月的一个夏夜的成都街道见证了感人的一幕。 2.On 12 May， a powerful earthquake struck Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province. 5月12日，四川省汶川县发生强烈地震。 二、亮点出彩篇中句 1.People were walking in the street when they found blinding lights in the sky. 人们在大街上走时发现天空中有刺眼的光。 2.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. 坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。 3.A huge crack cut across houses， roads and waterways. 一条巨大的裂缝横切房屋、道路和水道。 三、韵味无穷结尾句 1.Through their effort， a new Tangshan stood on the ruins. 通过他们的努力，一座新的唐山在废墟上建立起来。 2.With the aid of these volunteers， the disaster-hit area returned to normal. 在这些志愿者的帮助下，受灾地区恢复了正常。 　　阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的新闻概要。 　　An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile late on Tuesday， leading to a power cut and small landslides and a tsunami.Four men and one woman died — two who suffered heart attacks and three who were crushed. 　　The quake struck at about 8：46 p.m.， local time， some 60 miles northwest of Iquique.It had a depth of 12.5 miles.Chile’s National Emergency Office asked coastal residents to leave for safe places.“The fact is， we will know the extent of the damage as time goes by and when we inspect （视察） the areas in the light of day，” Chile’s President Michelle Bachelet said early on Wednesday.“The country has faced these first emergency hours very well.” 　　Residents in the port city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to higher ground as traffic became heavy in some places.“Many people are fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010， so they immediately rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning，” said government official， “There have been lots of aftershocks and people can’t communicate with damaged communication system in many of the affected areas.So people are waiting in the dark hills， not knowing what is to come， and hoping they will be able to return to their homes safely.” Tsunami waves of more than six feet which were caused by the earthquake washed ashore on the coast of Pisagua， Iquique.Volunteers from all over the country and food supplies are being sent to help the affected areas. 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 1.概要写作的第一步是通读全文，提取关键信息，对信息进行分类、整合，然后归纳主旨大意、领悟作者的观点或主张。 2.找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。写作时省略列举的例子、数字等细节性、支撑性信息。 3.新闻报道通常在首句介绍发生的事件，包括时间、地点等。而且写作时需要对原文的语言变换表达方式，比如改变词性、转换句型等。阅读文本时，可根据不同文体采取以下方法： 记叙文 圈出记叙文的六要素：who、 when、 where、 what、 how、 why以及故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 说明文 找出文章要说明的对象、关键信息、观点或建议 议论文 提取议论文的三要素：论点、论据、论证 新闻 报道 找出包括who、 when、 where、 what、 how、 why的信息，总结概括新闻内容 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.一场8.2级的地震袭击了智利北部海岸，造成了断电、山体滑坡和海啸。 The coast of northern Chile saw an 8.2-magnitude earthquake， 　　　　　　　　. 2.许多地震灾区发生了多次余震，通信中断。 Many aftershocks happened and 　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.地震导致的海啸波浪席卷了皮萨瓜沿岸。 Tsunami waves 　　　　　　　　　　　washed the coast of Pisagua. 4.许多经历过海啸的人们正前往高地。 Many people 　　　　　　　　　　　are moving to higher ground. 5.来自全国各地的志愿者正在前去支援。 Volunteers from all over the country 　　　　　　　　　　　to help. 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 　　使用 besides、 what’s more、 still、 as a result等词汇把地震所带来的影响连接成段。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 词汇 佳句 情感描写 ①shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊 ②calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 ③in shock震惊；吃惊　　　　　④calmness n.平静；镇静 ⑤nervous adj.紧张的 ⑥deadly adj.致命的 1.It seems as if the world were coming to an end. 仿佛世界末日就要来临了。 2.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could blow them away. 砖块像秋天的红叶一样铺满了地面，但是没有风能把它们吹走。 3.With a dead cell phone and trapped in the deep well， Tom found it impossible to get contact with the outside world. 手机没电了，而且被困在深井里，汤姆发现与外界联系是不可能的。 4.A sense of fear flooded his mind. 一种恐惧涌上他的心头。 5.Having located the source of the voice， he rushed to find a ladder. 确定了声音的源头，他赶紧去找梯子。 动作描写 ①slide vi.& vt.（使）滑行；滑动 ②flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 ③rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 ④trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 ⑤tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 ⑥aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.帮助；援助 ⑦crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 ⑧sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 ⑨wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 ⑩suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 ⑪survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 环境描写 ①in ruins严重受损；破败不堪　②in the open air露天；在户外 ③cover the ground like red autumn leaves 像秋天的红叶铺满地面 情境导语：汤姆独自住在河边，连续几天的大雨让水面一直在上升，附近的村民搬走了，但汤姆认为河水不会漫过河堤。一天早晨当他醒来时…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.Tom 　　　　　　　　　　　that the water kept rising. 汤姆震惊地发现水一直上涨。 2.　　　　　　　　　 and his heart suddenly jumped into his throat. 他被困在他的房子里，他的心一下子提到了嗓子眼。 3.He stood rooted to the spot， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 他站在那里一动不动，恐惧感涌上心头。 4.　　　　　　　　　 　 was still unknown. 他是否可以在洪水中活下来还是个未知数。 5.He felt it　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　. 他感觉仿佛世界末日到了。 6.　　　　　　　 　　， bringing him hope. 一些救援人员来帮助他，给他带来了希望。 7.　　　　　　　　　 immediately replaced the increasing fear and anxiety in his mind. 平静的感觉立即替代了他心中不断增加的恐惧和不安。 8.　　　　　　　　　　　， Tom couldn’t contain his emotions and tears of gratitude ran down his cheeks， like a broken line of beads. 汤姆遭受了这么多，他再也不能抑制自己的情绪，感激的泪水像断了线的珠子一样顺着他的脸颊流下来。 第二步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.We should gain some knowledge about first a　　　　　　， so we can rescue some injured people. 2.When you are suffering from failure，you should keep c　　　　　　 and then consider how to make it. 3.You should try to lend a hand to those in an 　　　　　　（紧急情况）. 4.Huge waves 　　　　　　（碰撞） into the coastlines of Asia and swept away many villages. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.Those survivors had to sleep 　　　　　　　　　　　（露天） as all houses had been destroyed. 2.　　　　　　　　　　 （保持镇静） is very necessary in case of an emergency. 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我正要放弃，这时） my friend came and encouraged me to go on. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅳ 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅱ　Write a summary 【速读语篇·知文意】 1－4　ABCA 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①delivery　②delivered　③deliver a speech/lecture 2.①down　②calmly　③Calm yourself down 3.①with　②to clean　③to ④with your aid/with the aid of you 4.①into　②effective　③have a positive effect on/upon 5.①waving　②A wave of fear ③waved goodbye to my mother 重点句型解构 1.①was about to open the window；when ②was walking the dog when 2.①make it clear that　②find it much easier to ③We find it possible for us to 【演练佳作·写美文】 写作步骤 二、1.which cut power and caused landslides and a tsunami 2.communications have been cut off 3.caused by the earthquake 4.who had experienced tsunami 5.are on the way 三、Many aftershocks happened and communications have been cut off.Besides，Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake washed the coast of Pisagua.As a result， many people who had experienced tsunami are moving to higher ground. 四、 　　The coast of northern Chile saw an 8.2-magnitude earthquake，which cut power and caused landslides and a tsunami.（要点1） 　　Many aftershocks happened and communications have been cut off.（要点2） Besides，Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake washed the coast of Pisagua.（要点3） As a result， many people who had experienced tsunami are moving to higher ground.（要点4） Volunteers from all over the country are on the way to help.（要点5） 【教材词汇·练续写】 第一步 1.was shocked to find 2.He was trapped in his house 3.a sense of fear flooding his mind 4.Whether he would survive the flood 5.seemed as if the world had come to an end 6.Some rescue workers came to his aid 7.A sense of calmness 8.Having suffered so much 第二步 　　Tom was shocked to find that the water kept rising.He was trapped in his house and his heart suddenly jumped into his throat.He stood rooted to the spot， a sense of fear flooding his mind.Whether he would survive the flood was still unknown.He felt it seemed as if the world had come to an end.Luckily，some rescue workers came to his aid，bringing him hope.A sense of calmness immediately replaced the increasing fear and anxiety in his mind.Having suffered so much， Tom couldn’t contain his emotions and tears of gratitude ran down his cheeks， like a broken line of beads. 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.aid　2.calm　3.emergency　4.crashed Ⅱ.1.in the open air　2.Keeping calm　3.I was about to give up when 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $