UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“灾害应对”主题，构建从基础语言知识到综合运用的学习支架。先通过话题词汇（如first aid kit、rescue...from...）和句式（如A strong earthquake hit...）夯实基础，再聚焦核心词汇（deliver、calm等）的用法及重点句型（be doing sth when...、make it + adj + to do），最后结合新闻阅读分析与摘要写作任务，实现语言输入到输出的衔接。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养。通过新闻文本（如TSUNAMI HITS ASIA）的结构分析和写作手法拆解，提升学生语篇理解与逻辑构建能力；核心词汇的“练透”“写美”环节及写作步骤指导（合理布局、遣词造句），强化语言运用与策略意识。课中辅助教师开展分层教学，课后练习题（单词拼写、补全句子等）助力学生查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Prepare for a disaster Ⅰ.话题词汇 1.a strong earthquake　　一场大地震 2.tap on a pipe　　轻敲管道 3.help the survivors　　帮助幸存者 4.first aid kit　　急救箱 5.be caught/trapped in　　陷入/被困于…… 6.rescue ...from ...　　从……中营救出…… 7.volunteers and rescue workers　　志愿者和救援人员 8.emergency supplies　　应急物品 9.make sure that ...　　确保…… 10.safety instructions　　安全指令 Ⅱ.话题句式 1.A strong earthquake hit this area yesterday. 昨天这个地区发生了一场大地震。 2.Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe. 救援人员和士兵们正日夜工作，以确保人们安全。 3.I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters. 我想知道我们能做什么来预防自然灾害。 4.There’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms. 没有办法阻止地震和暴风雨。 5.We can keep them from becoming disasters. 我们可以阻止它们成为灾难。 6.First of all， you should keep in mind that prevention is more important than any other measure. 首先，你应该记住：预防比任何其他措施都重要。 7.Stay calm and we had better stay indoors and make sure that the doors and windows are closed tightly. 保持镇静，我们最好待在室内，确保门窗紧闭。 8.A strong earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale hit California. 加利福尼亚发生了里氏6.1级强地震。 Part Ⅱ　Write a summary 1.What can we learn about the tsunami in Asia？（　　） A.It was caused by an earthquake. B.It killed 6，500 people in Indonesia. C.It was caused by a volcanic eruption. D.It hit four countries including Thailand. 2.What is the second paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The reasons for the tsunami. B.The effect of the tsunami. C.Why the tsunami was dangerous. D.How the tsunami came into being. 3.What were Chandra Theeravit and her children doing？（　　） A.They were playing games. B.They were doing housework. C.They were having breakfast. D.They were watching a movie. 4.What is the text？（　　） A.A news report.　 B.A travel journal. C.A personal diary.　 D.A scientific paper. 答案：1－4　ABCA 核心词汇集释 1.deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 教材原句　However， dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物质补给将非常困难。 【用法】 （1）deliver sth to sb　把某物递送给某人 deliver free of charge　　免费送达 deliver a baby　　接生婴儿 （2）deliver a speech/lecture　　发表演说 （3）delivery n.　　递送；交付 express delivery　　快递 【佳句】　We promise to deliver free of charge within 24 hours. 我们承诺在24小时内免费送达。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The supermarket offers customers a free home 　delivery　 （deliver） service. ②He liked the food so much that he had it 　delivered　 （deliver） to his house every day. 【写美】　完成句子 ③It is a great honour for me to 　deliver a speech/lecture　 titled “Together for a shared future”.　（演讲稿） 我很荣幸为大家作一个题目为“携手共进，共创未来”的演讲。 2.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 n.平静的时期；宁静的状态 教材原句　If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire， first of all， stay calm. 如果你发现自己处于森林火灾的危险之中，首先，要保持冷静。 【用法】 （1）keep/stay calm　　保持镇静 （2）calm down　　平静下来 calm sb down　　使某人平静/镇静下来 （3）calmly adv.　　镇静地 calmness n.　　冷静，镇静；平静 【佳句】　Dawn came， the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever.　（环境描写） 破晓时分，大海平静下来，但寒冷依然。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When he is anxious， he often breathes deeply to calm 　down　. ②Though he was trapped in the flood， he gave his wife a call 　calmly　 （calm）. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　Calm yourself down　； there is no need to feel anxious about it. 让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事焦虑。 3.aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.（formal）帮助；援助 【用法】 （1）give/perform/carry out first aid　进行急救　　　　　　 come to one’s aid　　帮助某人 with the aid of sb＝with one’s aid　　在某人的帮助下 （2）　　帮助某人做某事 【佳句】　Medical workers came to his aid and gave first aid right away. 医务人员赶来并立即对他进行了急救。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I’d be very grateful if you could aid me 　with　 my English. ②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother 　to clean　 （clean） the house. ③I couldn’t speak French but a kind man came 　to　 my aid. 【写美】　完成句子 ④It is 　with your aid/with the aid of you　 that I have made such great progress.　（感谢信） 是在你的帮助下我才取得了这么大的进步。 4.effect n.影响；结果；效果 【用法】 （1）have an effect on/upon　对……产生影响 come into effect　　生效 side effect　　副作用 cause and effect　　因果 in effect　　实际上 （2）effective adj.　　产生预期结果的 【佳句】　It remains to be seen whether the medicine has side effects. 这种药是否有副作用还有待观察。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The measures taken by the local government will come 　into　 effect next month. ②This method may not be 　effective　 （effect） for everyone as each student’s oral ability is different. 【写美】　完成句子 ③There is no doubt that reading books can 　have a positive effect on/upon　 children. 毫无疑问，读书会对儿童产生积极的影响。 5.wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 教材原句　Fishermen， tourists， hotels， homes， and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。 【用法】 （1）wave goodbye to sb　向某人挥手告别 wave to/at　　向……挥手 （2）a wave of　　一波……；一阵…… 【佳句】　With tears in eyes， they waved us goodbye/waved goodbye to us when the train left the station.　（动作描写） 当火车离开车站时，他们眼含泪水地向我们挥手告别。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The stranger spoke rapidly， 　waving　 （wave） his arms about. 【写美】　完成句子 ②　A wave of fear　 swept over me and I couldn’t speak a word. 一阵恐惧席卷了我，我一句话也说不出来。 ③I 　waved goodbye to my mother　， with tears welling up in my eyes.我热泪盈眶，向妈妈挥手告别。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：be doing sth when ...正在做某事，这时…… 教材原句　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 【用法】 when在本句中用作并列连词，表示“正在那时；这时”，常用句型还有： be about to do sth when ...　正要做某事，这时…… had just done sth when ...　刚做过某事，这时…… 【品悟】　The kid was delivering newspapers when it began to rain. 那个小孩正在送报，这时天开始下起雨来。 【写美】　完成句子 ①She 　was about to open the window　 to shout at the dog to frighten it 　when　 she stopped and stood quite still.　（动作描写） 她正准备打开窗户，大声吓唬一下那只狗，这时她突然停住了，站着一动不动。 ②I 　was walking the dog when　 I saw smoke rising in the distance.　（动作描写） 我正在遛狗，这时突然看到远处升起的烟。 2.句型公式：make＋it＋形容词/名词（宾语补足语）＋to do/that从句 教材原句　However， dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 【用法】 句型“make＋it＋形容词/名词（宾语补足语）＋to do/that从句”中的it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或that从句。find、 feel、 think、 take等动词也有这样的用法。 【品悟】　Don’t take it for granted that your parents should offer you everything. 不要理所当然地认为父母应该为你提供一切。 【写美】　完成句子 ①I must 　make it clear that　 I will make every effort to win the medal. 我必须表明，我会全力以赴赢得奖牌。 ②Being honest， you will 　find it much easier to　 get along with others. 以诚待人，你会发现更容易与他人相处。 ③　We find it possible for us to　 finish the work on time. 我们发现我们按时完成这项工作是可能的。 Step 1｜品教材课文 The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA：OVER 6，500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse　Monday， 27 December 2004 　　[1]The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday， killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia， India， Thailand， Malaysia， and at least four other countries.Fishermen， tourists， hotels， homes， and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a.m.， Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.In that area alone， at least 1，870 people were killed. 　　[1]句中关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词tsunami； killing ...是动词-ing短语作结果状语。 　　In Sri Lanka， some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre， the number of deaths stood at 2，498， and one million more were affected by the tsunami， government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.In southern Thailand， 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing， local officials said.“[2]I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.We had to leave everything and run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit， a local Thai woman. 　　[2]本句运用了“be doing sth when ...”结构，意为“正在做某事，这时（突然）……” 　　Thousands of people are still missing， and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.[3]However， dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 　　[3]本句运用了“make＋it＋形容词＋to do”结构，it在句中是形式宾语，代替真正宾语动词不定式短语。 Step 2｜析写作手法 学语言 1.第一段中有关灾害的一系列动词crashed into， were swept away， struck的使用体现了语言的高度凝练和生动有力。 2.第一段第一句中使用了that引导的定语从句（that crashed into coastlines ...）和动词-ing短语作状语（killing more than 6，500 people ...）；第二句使用了过去分词短语作后置定语（caused by the strong earthquake）以及that引导的定语从句（that reached a magnitude of 9.0），这些高级句式结构的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。 3.第二段第一句中some 1，600 kilometres表明的是大约的数字，说明报道的语言表达准确客观，动词stood则强调了死亡人数之多，和后面的as many as， Thousands of一起突出了灾难的严重性。 4.第二、三段使用了被动语态；be doing ...when ...， make＋it＋形容词＋to do sth等高级句式彰显了作者较强的语言功底。 学结构 参考译文 每日新闻 海啸袭击亚洲：6，500余人丧生 罗伯特·伍德豪斯　星期一　2004年12月27日 　　昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6，500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7时许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1，870人死亡。 　　政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1，600千米处，死亡人数高达2，498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1，900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1，900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。” 　　仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 一、夺人眼球开头句 1.One summer night in July saw a moving scene in a street in Chengdu. 7月的一个夏夜的成都街道见证了感人的一幕。 2.On 12 May， a powerful earthquake struck Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province. 5月12日，四川省汶川县发生强烈地震。 二、亮点出彩篇中句 1.People were walking in the street when they found blinding lights in the sky. 人们在大街上走时发现天空中有刺眼的光。 2.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. 坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。 3.A huge crack cut across houses， roads and waterways. 一条巨大的裂缝横切房屋、道路和水道。 三、韵味无穷结尾句 1.Through their effort， a new Tangshan stood on the ruins. 通过他们的努力，一座新的唐山在废墟上建立起来。 2.With the aid of these volunteers， the disaster-hit area returned to normal. 在这些志愿者的帮助下，受灾地区恢复了正常。 　　阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的新闻概要。 　　An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile late on Tuesday， leading to a power cut and small landslides and a tsunami.Four men and one woman died — two who suffered heart attacks and three who were crushed. 　　The quake struck at about 8：46 p.m.， local time， some 60 miles northwest of Iquique.It had a depth of 12.5 miles.Chile’s National Emergency Office asked coastal residents to leave for safe places.“The fact is， we will know the extent of the damage as time goes by and when we inspect （视察） the areas in the light of day，” Chile’s President Michelle Bachelet said early on Wednesday.“The country has faced these first emergency hours very well.” 　　Residents in the port city of Antofagasta walked calmly through the streets to higher ground as traffic became heavy in some places.“Many people are fearful after experiencing the powerful earthquake in 2010， so they immediately rushed to higher ground when they heard the tsunami warning，” said government official， “There have been lots of aftershocks and people can’t communicate with damaged communication system in many of the affected areas.So people are waiting in the dark hills， not knowing what is to come， and hoping they will be able to return to their homes safely.” Tsunami waves of more than six feet which were caused by the earthquake washed ashore on the coast of Pisagua， Iquique.Volunteers from all over the country and food supplies are being sent to help the affected areas. 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 1.概要写作的第一步是通读全文，提取关键信息，对信息进行分类、整合，然后归纳主旨大意、领悟作者的观点或主张。 2.找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。写作时省略列举的例子、数字等细节性、支撑性信息。 3.新闻报道通常在首句介绍发生的事件，包括时间、地点等。而且写作时需要对原文的语言变换表达方式，比如改变词性、转换句型等。阅读文本时，可根据不同文体采取以下方法： 记叙文 圈出记叙文的六要素：who、 when、 where、 what、 how、 why以及故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 说明文 找出文章要说明的对象、关键信息、观点或建议 议论文 提取议论文的三要素：论点、论据、论证 新闻 报道 找出包括who、 when、 where、 what、 how、 why的信息，总结概括新闻内容 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.一场8.2级的地震袭击了智利北部海岸，造成了断电、山体滑坡和海啸。 The coast of northern Chile saw an 8.2-magnitude earthquake， 　which cut power and caused landslides and a tsunami　. 2.许多地震灾区发生了多次余震，通信中断。 Many aftershocks happened and 　communications have been cut off　. 3.地震导致的海啸波浪席卷了皮萨瓜沿岸。 Tsunami waves 　caused by the earthquake　 washed the coast of Pisagua. 4.许多经历过海啸的人们正前往高地。 Many people 　who had experienced tsunami　 are moving to higher ground. 5.来自全国各地的志愿者正在前去支援。 Volunteers from all over the country 　are on the way　 to help. 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 　　使用 besides、 what’s more、 still、 as a result等词汇把地震所带来的影响连接成段。 　　　Many aftershocks happened and communications have been cut off.Besides， Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake washed the coast of Pisagua.As a result， many people who had experienced tsunami are moving to higher ground.　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 　　　The coast of northern Chile saw an 8.2-magnitude earthquake，which cut power and caused landslides and a tsunami.（要点1）　 　　　Many aftershocks happened and communications have been cut off.（要点2） Besides，Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake washed the coast of Pisagua.（要点3） As a result， many people who had experienced tsunami are moving to higher ground.（要点4） Volunteers from all over the country are on the way to help.（要点5）　 词汇 情感描写 ①shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊 ②calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 ③in shock震惊；吃惊　　　　　④calmness n.平静；镇静 ⑤nervous adj.紧张的　　⑥deadly adj.致命的 动作描写 ①slide vi.& vt.（使）滑行；滑动 ②flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 ③rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 ④trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 ⑤tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 ⑥aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.帮助；援助 ⑦crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 ⑧sweep vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 ⑨wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手 ⑩suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 ⑪survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 环境描写 ①in ruins严重受损；破败不堪　②in the open air露天；在户外 ③cover the ground like red autumn leaves 像秋天的红叶铺满地面 佳句 1.It seems as if the world were coming to an end. 仿佛世界末日就要来临了。 2.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves， but no wind could blow them away. 砖块像秋天的红叶一样铺满了地面，但是没有风能把它们吹走。 3.With a dead cell phone and trapped in the deep well， Tom found it impossible to get contact with the outside world. 手机没电了，而且被困在深井里，汤姆发现与外界联系是不可能的。 4.A sense of fear flooded his mind. 一种恐惧涌上他的心头。 5.Having located the source of the voice， he rushed to find a ladder. 确定了声音的源头，他赶紧去找梯子。 情境导语：汤姆独自住在河边，连续几天的大雨让水面一直在上升，附近的村民搬走了，但汤姆认为河水不会漫过河堤。一天早晨当他醒来时…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.Tom 　was shocked to find　 that the water kept rising. 汤姆震惊地发现水一直上涨。 2.　He was trapped in his house　 and his heart suddenly jumped into his throat. 他被困在他的房子里，他的心一下子提到了嗓子眼。 3.He stood rooted to the spot， 　a sense of fear flooding his mind　. 他站在那里一动不动，恐惧感涌上心头。 4.　Whether he would survive the flood　 was still unknown. 他是否可以在洪水中活下来还是个未知数。 5.He felt it 　seemed as if the world had come to an end　. 他感觉仿佛世界末日到了。 6.　Some rescue workers came to his aid　， bringing him hope. 一些救援人员来帮助他，给他带来了希望。 7.　A sense of calmness　 immediately replaced the increasing fear and anxiety in his mind. 平静的感觉立即替代了他心中不断增加的恐惧和不安。 8.　Having suffered so much　， Tom couldn’t contain his emotions and tears of gratitude ran down his cheeks， like a broken line of beads. 汤姆遭受了这么多，他再也不能抑制自己的情绪，感激的泪水像断了线的珠子一样顺着他的脸颊流下来。 第二步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　Tom was shocked to find that the water kept rising.He was trapped in his house and his heart suddenly jumped into his throat.He stood rooted to the spot， a sense of fear flooding his mind.Whether he would survive the flood was still unknown.He felt it seemed as if the world had come to an end.Luckily，some rescue workers came to his aid，bringing him hope.A sense of calmness immediately replaced the increasing fear and anxiety in his mind.Having suffered so much， Tom couldn’t contain his emotions and tears of gratitude ran down his cheeks， like a broken line of beads.　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.We should gain some knowledge about first aid　， so we can rescue some injured people. 2.When you are suffering from failure，you should keep calm　 and then consider how to make it. 3.You should try to lend a hand to those in an 　emergency　 （紧急情况）. 4.Huge waves 　crashed　 （碰撞） into the coastlines of Asia and swept away many villages. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.Those survivors had to sleep 　in the open air　 （露天） as all houses had been destroyed. 2.　Keeping calm　 （保持镇静） is very necessary in case of an emergency. 3.　I was about to give up when　 （我正要放弃，这时） my friend came and encouraged me to go on. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Although Diane survived the car crash　， her legs got broken. 2.She is a shy girl and always keeps people at arm’s length　. 3.Waving　 a book in front of your face， you’ll feel the air moving against your face. 4.The effect　 of the flood on the crops is really serious. 5.Just as I was going downstairs， it struck　 me that I had left the door unlocked. 6.We set out quickly as soon as our PE teacher blew his 　whistle　 （哨子）. 7.The dustman 　swept　 （打扫） up all the fallen leaves on this street from 6：00 to 8：00. 8.Food and water 　supplies　 （供应） were difficult to get after the volcanic eruption. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.We must take 　effective　 （effect） measures to prevent natural disasters in advance. 2.　In　 summary， I think this rescue is really a great success in history. 3.Though she went through so much 　suffering　 （suffer）， she did not give in. 4.With only a few hundred dollars 　on　 hand， travelling around the world is a dream. 5.The earthquake was so big that most of the houses were completely 　destroyed　 （destroy）. 6.What 　struck　 （strike） me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 7.It was their 　wisdom　 （wise）， courage and determination that helped them win the final game. 8.Happiness and success often come to those 　who　 can recognize their own strengths. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.　In　 summary， volunteering can make a difference to our lives， so I think it is necessary for teenagers to be volunteers. 2.Listening to soft music can have a very positive effect 　on　 our studies. 3.They are scheduled to reach Shanghai by 6 June， 　making　 （make） it possible for them to attend the meeting. 4.The man was sleeping 　when　 the frightening earthquake happened. 5.　With　 the aid of rescue workers， they have all managed to rebuild their houses. 6.We sleep out under the stars， and eat our meals 　in the open air　 （露天） . 7.　I was about to give up when　 （我正要放弃，这时） I saw a pile of small stones jammed under a boulder. 8.　Keeping calm　 （保持冷静） can make you judge the right place to hide yourself. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.strike A.vt.分娩 B.vt.传送；递送　C.vt.发表；发布 ①He fell and struck his head on the stone.　　　A　 ②His house was struck by lightning and was on fire.　　　F　 ③The girl struck a match and lit a candle.　　　E　 ④The clock has already struck 10 and it’s time that we set out.　　　C　 ⑤She struck me as a very smart person the first time I saw her.　　　G　 ⑥Three quarters of the country’s workers took part in the strike.　　　B　 ⑦It suddenly struck me how I could work out the maths problem.　　　D　 2.power A.n.能力　 B.n.能量，能　 　C.n.电力供应 ①The earthquake caused a power failure.　　　C　 ②The engine is driven by wind power.　　　B　 ③I will do everything within my power to help you.　　　A　 3.deliver A.v.碰撞　　　 B.n.罢工　　　C.v.（钟）敲 D.v.突然想到　　E.v.划（火柴）　　F.v.袭击 G.v.给（某人以……）印象 ①Do you have your milk delivered？　　　B　 ②She is going to deliver a lecture on engineering.　　　C　 ③She was delivered of a healthy boy and became a mother.　　　A　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 4.Looking up， I saw the flag waving in the wind.　　vi.飘扬　 5.The doctor has delivered 15 new babies in the past three days.　　vt.接生　 6.The old man survived his wife by two years.　　vt.比……活得时间长　 7.The traffic today is especially heavy.　　adj.（交通）拥挤的　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·台州七校高一上期中）Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been， Peter Ruprecht recognized that he was not sure how or when to rebuild.He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered： first a drought， then a destructive bush fire， then a foot of rain from a storm. 　　“It’s unstoppable，” said Mr Ruprecht， a former dairy farmer.“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature， but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.” 　　Australia’s hellish （地狱的） fire season has come to an end， but its people are facing more than a single disaster.With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread， they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”： one climate disaster strengthening the next. 　　Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land.They also heat up the atmosphere， which means clouds hold more moisture （水汽） for longer periods of time.So droughts get worse， giving way to fires， then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to take in. 　　Many Australians in disaster areas complain that their government， after paying little attention to climate change for years， has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future risks into consideration. 　　At the same time， the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly.Philip Lowe， the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia， warned recently that Australia was already paying a price， and that it would only go up. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列的极端气候灾害，包括其成因及造成的经济成本上升等。 1.Why is Peter Ruprecht mentioned in the beginning？ （　　） A.To get readers’ pity. B.To introduce the topic. C.To stress the problem. D.To call on readers to help. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Peter Ruprecht站在灾后废墟上的感慨以及第二段中的话语都是为了引出本文话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。 2.Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 2？（　　） A.Graceful.　 B.Balanced. C.Responsible.　 D.Cruel. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，我们谈论的是大自然的温暖，但大自然也可能是vicious、野蛮和无情的。由此推断，vicious的意思应该和“野蛮的”“无情的”相近。 3.What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia？（　　） A.Government inaction. B.Warmer temperature. C.The shortage of money. D.No recovery plans. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，气温升高不仅仅使土地干涸。它们还会加热大气。因此，干旱变得更加严重，引发火灾，然后是土地太干燥而无法吸收的大雨，即温度升高导致了复合极端情况。 4.Where is the text probably from？（　　） A.A guidebook.　 B.A travel journal. C.A news report.　 D.A book review. 解析：C　推理判断题。文章介绍了澳大利亚一系列的干旱、丛林大火、暴风雨等极端气候以及其成因、危害、造成的经济损失等。这属于新闻报道的体裁。 B 　　（2025·衡水高一上期中）The Chinese paddlefish （白鲟） — one of the world’s largest freshwater fish — has been announced to be extinct （灭绝的）.Scientists say the paddlefish， also called the Chinese swordfish， is believed to have a lineage dating back at least 34 million years.With its long nose and mouth， the paddlefish could grow as long as seven meters. 　　But a research paper recently published in Science of the Total Environment reported the paddlefish was now extinct.The researchers include scientists from the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Britain’s University of Kent and the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Republic. 　　The paper says the paddlefish was announced extinct for two reasons.It said that the fish was not able to survive because of widespread overfishing and damage to its native environment in the Yangtze River. 　　Researchers discovered 332 different species of fish in the Yangtze River in 2017 and 2018.But they did not find a single Chinese paddlefish. They guessed the fish disappeared between 2005 and 2010.The extinction of the Chinese paddlefish was “a huge loss” to nature. 　　Pan Wenjing is a forest and ocean expert with Greenpeace East Asia.“The ecology of the Yangtze River is almost in ruins due to human activity in past decades，” Pan said.She stressed that China had taken measures to improve the Yangtze’s environment， including a 10-year ban （禁令） on fishing. 　　After the extinction was reported in the news， some Chinese media and Internet users took a look back at the large creatures.Many people appeared to have not heard of the Chinese paddlefish before it was announced extinct. 　　“Every time I see the news of another species going extinct， my heart starts to ache，” wrote one Weibo user.“Humans should not live alone on this planet，” the user added. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了素有“长江熊猫”之称的中国白鲟灭绝的原因。 5.What do we know from paragraph 3？（　　） A.Fishing in the Yangtze River. B.Environment in the Yangtze River. C.Researchers of the Chinese paddlefish. D.The reasons for the Chinese paddlefish’s extinction. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，本段讲述的是白鲟灭绝的两个原因。 6.Which of the following best describes the present situation of the Yangtze River？（　　） A.No pain， no gain. B.To protect animals is to protect humans. C.Well begun is half done. D.It’s never too late to mend. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段最后一句可知，中国白鲟的灭绝是巨大损失，保护这些自然环境和动物就是在保护生态平衡，从而保护人类。 7.What’s the writer’s attitude toward the extinction of the Chinese paddlefish？（　　） A.Excited.　 B.Shocked. C.Indifferent.　 D.Curious. 解析：B　观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可知，中华白鲟的灭绝是大自然的“巨大损失”。由此推断，作者对于中国白鲟的灭绝感到很震惊。 8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A.Fishing Is Not Allowed in the Yangtze River B.Few People Are Familiar with the Chinese Paddlefish C.The Chinese Paddlefish Has Been Announced Extinct D.Damage to the Environment Has Bad Effects 解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是文章首句可知，文章主要讲述了中国白鲟被宣布灭绝的相关内容。因此，C项（中国白鲟已被宣布灭绝）是本文的最佳标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·上饶高一上月考）Meteorologists （气象学家） love hurricanes because they are wonders of nature. But if you’re on a ship at sea or in a house on the beach， a hurricane is not so pretty. 9.（　　） At the shore they can punch out windows， knock down trees， or blow away the roofs from houses. 　　10.（　　） Hurricane winds can push the ocean water toward shore， building it up into a huge， rushing tide called a storm surge. Water level at the shore can rise 20 feet in just a few hours. The deadliest hurricane in United States history happened in 1900， when Galveston， Texas， was struck. 11.（　　） These days， with more and more people living in coastal cities， experts predict that if a hurricane hit without warning， the death toll could be even higher. 　　12.（　　） Meteorologists can now track the path a hurricane takes and predict where it is likely to hit days in advance. When Hurricane Isabel swept toward the North Carolina coast in 2003， the National Hurricane Center was able to make forecasts five days ahead， and scientists were off by only one hour in their prediction of where and when Isabel’s eye would make landfall. The information collected by the hurricane hunters improves the accuracy of such forecasts by 30 percent. 13.（　　） A.The hurricane happened without warning. B.So thousands of lives have been saved. C.It is hard to predict the time and the path of a hurricane. D.In the big storm surge more than 6，000 people were killed. E.But scientists have learned a lot about hurricanes since 1900. F.The screaming winds and enormous waves can overturn a ship. G.The most dangerous part of a hurricane’s destruction is flooding. 语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。飓风是大自然的奇迹，但是飓风会给人们带来灾难。随着科学技术的开发，气象学家可以准确地预测飓风。 9.F　空前一句中提到on a ship at sea or in a house on the beach，空后一句讲述的是飓风对房子的危害。由此推断，F项（狂风巨浪会把船掀翻）符合语境。 10.G　根据下文中的water以及所举的例子可知，本段讲述的是飓风引起的洪灾危害。G项（飓风破坏中最危险的部分是洪水）符合语境。 11.D　上文所举的例子是1900年发生在美国的飓风所引起的洪水，尤其根据deadliest可推断，应该有很多人死亡。D项（特大风暴潮造成6，000多人死亡）符合语境。 12.E　本段中提到的飓风，科学家五天前就做出了精准的预测。E项（但自1900年以来，科学家们对飓风有了很多了解）适合作为本段的主题句。 13.B　上文提到科学家对此类飓风的预测准确率提高了30％。B项（因此挽救了成千上万的生命）是其结果。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·合肥六校联盟高一上期中）The Mid-Autumn Day is a happy time for a family reunion （团聚）.But it was a different 　14　 after my parents and I came to America.I remember the first Mid-Autumn Day we spent here. 　　On that morning， I smiled when I saw mooncakes on the table.But then I 　15　 I had classes at 1：50 pm and felt 　16　. You see， there’s a 　17　 in China for this special day but not in America.Noticing my upset， Mom tried to comfort me， “We have duck at lunch， your favorite.　18　 ？” The duck cheered me up.We had a delicious lunch， but before we 　19　 it was time for class.I had to put down my 　20　 and sat before my computer.I couldn’t help 　21　 that my Mid-Autumn Day was like this — having online classes with lunch half-eaten.I would never 　22　 this in the past. 　　At the Mid-Autumn Party， the scene （场景） of a family having dinner together made me 　23　.I really missed my grandparents.Although we had 　24　 them in the day， it was different from a reunion.How regretful we couldn’t 　25　！ 　　At midnight， I got lost in thought.The day is so important that I felt upset without a good 　26　.But on second thoughts， although the holiday 　27　， the moon was still full. 　28　， although in different countries， all hearts of my family were connected.Realizing this made me filled with warmth. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和父母来到美国后，在中秋节无法和祖父母团圆而觉得沮丧的故事。 14.A.story　　　　　　　 B.time C.show　 D.place 解析：A　根据空后的after my parents and I came to America可知，此处指情况有所不同。 15.A.decided　 B.expected C.realized　 D.replied 解析：C　根据空后的I had classes at 1：50 pm可知，作者意识到自己下午有课。 16.A.awful　 B.doubtful C.surprised　 D.tired 解析：A　根据下文Noticing my upset可知，作者感觉糟糕。 17.A.meal　 B.party C.class　 D.holiday 解析：D　根据常识可知，中国中秋节会放假来庆祝，而美国不会放假。 18.A.Moved　 B.Excited C.Relaxed　 D.Surprised 解析：B　根据下句The duck cheered me up.可知，是烤鸭让作者感到兴奋。 19.A.started　 B.cooked C.finished　 D.tidied 解析：C　根据下文with lunch half-eaten可知，作者的午餐没吃完就要去上课了。 20.A.paper　 B.food C.presents　 D.books 解析：B　要上课了，作者不得不放下饭菜，坐在电脑前。 21.A.forgetting　 B.saying C.explaining　 D.thinking 解析：D　根据空后的that my Mid-Autumn Day was like this可知，作者不禁想到自己的中秋节就是这样了。 22.A.stress　 B.accept C.remind　 D.inspire 解析：B　上文提到作者在美国过中秋节，没有假期，午餐吃了一半还在网上上课，所以换了过去，作者绝不会接受这样的事情。 23.A.cry　 B.chat C.recover　 D.understand 解析：A　作者想念祖父母，所以一家人在一起吃饭的场景让自己哭了。 24.A.visited　 B.met C.called　 D.welcomed 解析：C　根据第一段中的after my parents and I came to America可知，作者与家人分开了，只能打电话。 25.A.show up　 B.hold on C.look back　 D.go back 解析：D　根据空前的How regretful we couldn’t可知，此处指回家，回到祖父母身边。 26.A.celebration　 B.tradition C.connection　 D.account 解析：A　根据空前的The day is so important that I felt upset without a good可知，此处指庆祝中秋节。 27.A.continued　 B.disappeared C.changed　 D.returned 解析：C　根据上文内容可知，作者他们如今身处美国，过节的方式变了。 28.A.Hopefully　 B.Generally C.Naturally　 D.Similarly 解析：D　根据下文可知，虽然节日变了，月亮还是圆的，同样地，虽然身处不同的国家，但家人的心是相通的。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $