UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语限制性定语从句（1）核心知识点，系统梳理关系代词that、who、which、whose的功能，包括作主语、宾语、定语的用法，以及先行词被only、最高级等修饰时只能用that的特殊情况，构建“实例感悟-规律发现-归纳总结-应用练习”的学习支架。 该资料以“形式-意义-使用”三维动态语法观为指导，结合唐山地震等语境化实例与高考真题，提升语言理解与表达能力。通过“先感悟-会发现”引导自主归纳，培养思维品质，分层练习（语法填空、完形填空）兼顾课中教学与课后巩固，助力学生查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 限制性定语从句（1） 　　The people of Tangshan suffered a lot from the Tangshan earthquake.But they are the people who① are full of courage and determination.Soon after the earthquake， they rebuilt the houses which② were completely destroyed and repaired the schools whose③ classrooms were greatly damaged.Soon， the students whom④ we once worried about were sitting in the new classrooms again.The roads that⑤ were damaged were also under repair.Now a new Tangshan witnessing the strength and unity of its people is standing on the earthquake ruins. ①who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在句中作主语； ②which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词houses，并在句中作主语； ③whose引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词schools，并在句中作定语； ④whom引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，并在句中作宾语； ⑤that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词roads，并在句中作主语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 1.限制性定语从句的关系代词 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. ②（教材典句）Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen. ④（教材典句）Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. ⑤（教材典句）Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 【会发现】 以上定语从句由关系代词that、 who、 which、 whose引导，修饰　名词或代词　，置于被修饰词的后面。 关系代词which、 that、 who在定语从句中可以作　主语或宾语　；关系代词whose在定语从句中作　定语　。 【善归纳】 ①that引导的定语从句，that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。 ②who引导的定语从句，who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。whom引导的定语从句，whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 ③which引导的定语从句，which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 ④whose引导的定语从句，whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示所属关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 【注意事项】 ①关系代词作宾语通常可以省略。 He will never forget the disaster （which/that） he experienced. 他永远不会忘记他所经历的那场灾难。 ②关系代词whom常可用who/that来代替，但如果在介词后则不能代替。 The survivor who/that/whom we rescued from the flood was very thankful. 我们从洪水中救出的幸存者非常感激。 The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother. 刚才和你说话的那个年轻人是我哥哥。 【运用练】　用适当的关系代词填空 ①The rescue workers 　who/that　 were burying the dead animals felt very shocked. ②The bricks 　that/which　 we dug out will be reused when we build a house. ③There are many people with 　whom　 you can share your feelings. ④The children 　who/that　 had been trapped in the house have been rescued. ⑤Any student 　whose　 family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 2.关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况 【先感悟】 ①The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal. ②This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. ③Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？ ④All the efforts that I made to improve my English paid off. ⑤The first thing that should be done is to call the police at once. ⑥We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 【会发现】 句①中先行词被　The only　修饰，定语从句用that引导。　 句②⑤中先行词被　形容词最高级　和　序数词　修饰，定语从句用that引导。 句③④中先行词是　不定代词　或者被不定代词修饰，定语从句用that引导。 句⑥中先行词　既有人又有物　，定语从句用that引导。 【善归纳】 ①当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 ②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 ③当先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。 ④当先行词既指人、又指物时。 ⑤当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。 ⑥当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 【注意事项】 ①当先行词是指人的one、 ones、 those、 anyone、 he、 they时，定语从句多用who引导。 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 Those who make every effort to succeed will be repaid. 那些为成功而努力的人将会得到回报。 ②关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。 The soldiers who are fighting for our country are worth our respect. 为祖国而战的士兵值得我们尊敬。 Those who keep a balanced diet are often in good health. 那些保持均衡饮食的人往往身体健康。 ③如果先行词是“one of＋复数名词”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；如果先行词是“the only one of＋复数名词”，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is the only one of the survivors who was rescued from the tsunami. 他是唯一一个从海啸中获救的幸存者。 He is one of the survivors who were rescued from the tsunami. 他是从海啸中获救的幸存者之一。 ④关系代词在从句中作成分，因此从句中不能再出现成分重复现象。 [误]The film （that/which） we saw it last night was very frightening. [正]The film （that/which） we saw last night was very frightening. 【运用练】　 ①This is the most shocking news 　that　 I have heard of. ②This is the only shelter 　that　 I have found in the open air. ③All 　that　 he wanted was to rescue his daughter from the burning house. ④The hunter and his dog 　that　 got injured in the volcanic eruption suffered a lot. ⑤When a fire breaks out， the first thing 　that　 you should do is to cut off electricity. Ⅰ.用定语从句合并句子 1.I live next door to a couple.The couple’s children often make a lot of noise. →　I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.　 2.The old temple is being rebuilt.The temple’s roof was damaged in a rainstorm. →　The old temple whose roof was damaged in a rainstorm is being rebuilt.　 3.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a lady.The lady survived the flood. →　The CCTV reporter is interviewing a lady who/that survived the flood.　 4.The female volunteer will remember the soldier.The female volunteer worked with the soldier during the earthquake. →　The female volunteer will remember the soldier whom she worked with during the earthquake.　 5.The woman was affected with a serious disease.The woman was breathing with difficulty. →　The woman who was breathing with difficulty was affected with a serious disease.　 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I was the only winner 　whose native language wasn’t English　. 我是唯一一个母语不是英语的获奖者。 2.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）No editor is likely to tolerate a writer 　who/that does not take the trouble　 to spell words correctly. 没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思拼写正确单词的作家。 3.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）After a heated discussion 　which/that lasted for what seemed like a century　， Gunter put his phone down and started the car. 激烈的讨论似乎持续了一个世纪，冈特放下手机，启动了汽车。 4.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Those 　who are dressed inappropriately　 will be refused permission to participate. 着装不得体者将被拒绝参加。 1.supply n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt.供应；供给 教材原句　The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的补给品是从全国各地收集来的。 【用法】 （1）a good/large supply of　大量的/充足的供应 in short supply　　供应不足 　　把某物提供给某人/某物 【佳句】　It is believed that there is a good supply of fresh water. 人们一般认为淡水供应很充足。 【联想】　表示“为某人提供某物”的其他短语： provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are 　in　 short supply in this country. ②At the beginning of the term， students 　are supplied　 （supply） with all kinds of books to read. 【写美】　一句多译 ③在可怕的地震之后，我们给无家可归的人提供了食物和衣服。 →After the terrible earthquake， we 　supplied food and clothes to the homeless　. →After the terrible earthquake， we 　supplied the homeless with food and clothes　. 2.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 教材原句　Go to an open space away from buildings， trees， or power lines. 走到远离建筑物、树木或电线的开阔地带。 【用法】 （1）have the power to do sth有能力做某事 come to power　　上台；执政 be in power 　　执政；掌权 beyond one’s power　　超出某人的能力 （2）powerful adj.　　强有力的；有影响力的 powerless adj.　　无力的，无权力的 【佳句】　Being a powerful person， he has the power to deal with all kinds of problems. 作为一个有影响力的人，他有能力处理各种各样的问题。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He has been 　in　 power for two years since he came to this power plant. ②I’m sorry， I have no power 　to deal　 （deal） with your personal problems. 【写美】　完成句子 ③As your closest friend， I will do everything 　within my power to help you　. 作为你最亲密的朋友，我会在权限范围内帮助你。 Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1.She was grateful for everything 　that　 others had done for her. 2.We chose to buy the house 　whose　 window faces south. 3.There are a total of 1，000 workers in this company， two thirds of 　whom　 are women. 4.The champion talked a lot about things and people 　that　 made him successful. 5.It is the most complete city wall 　that　 has survived China’s long history. 6.The students who join in after-school activities are happier than those 　who　 do not. 7.The problems 　（which/that）　 we meet in our daily lives are not always easy to solve. 8.The old man 　whose　 son is in the navy used to be a carpenter. 9.He holds that belief that he 　who　 laughs last laughs best. 10.The research has found people 　who/that　 keep fit are more likely to have better memories. Ⅱ.用适当的关系词完成下面短文 　　Do you know the man 1.　who/that　 wrote this book？ He was Jason， one of the engineers 2.　who/that　 came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory where my father once worked.When he came to China， the first thing 3.　that　 he did was to visit the factory 4.　which/that　 did research on trolleybuses （无轨电车） and he found out the reason why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 5.　（that）　 he could spare to help China develop transportation.As is mentioned above， Jason was a foreigner 6.　who/that　 made great contributions to our country and he was also a kind man to 7.　whom　 we should say thanks. Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·鄂东南联盟高一上期中）On 20 December， in Newdale， a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore.Worse still， it 　1　 thousands dead.Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to 　2　 the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her 　3　 of tsunamis. 　　The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， 　4　 the warm sea air and enjoying the soft 　5　 that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something 　6　.“The water was like the bubbles （气泡） on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn’t 　7　 and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the 　8　 of an upcoming tsunami， which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson. 　　Sabrina was 　9　， but she soon kept her head.She warned her parents of the 　10　， though at first they just thought she was 　11　.However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 　12　 and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief （如释重负）， the officer 　13　 realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly 　14　 of people， just before the huge waves 　15　 into the coast. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩Sabrina Andron用自己的海啸知识帮助100多人逃离危险的故事。 1.A.left　　　　　　　　 B.brought C.affected　 D.led 解析：A　根据常识以及空后的thousands dead可知，地震带来的海啸造成了数千人死亡。 2.A.recognize　 B.survive C.challenge　 D.quit 解析：B　根据空后的without any loss of life可知，金海岸海滩是在这场灾难中唯一没有造成人员死亡的地方。 3.A.knowledge　 B.impression C.wisdom　 D.detail 解析：A　根据下文可知，Sabrina Andron用自己所学知识帮助100多人逃离海啸的危险。 4.A.making up　 B.taking in C.focusing on　 D.checking out 解析：B　根据空后的the warm sea air可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海风。 5.A.wind　 B.sunshine C.air　 D.wave 解析：A　根据空后的that brushed their hair可知，沙滩上轻柔的微风拂过头发。 6.A.unique　 B.powerful C.strange　 D.attractive 解析：C　根据下句中的The water was like the bubbles （气泡） on the top of a beer可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。 7.A.narrow　 B.adventurous C.distant　 D.calm 解析：D　根据空后的and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.可知，海水并不平静。 8.A.signs　 B.damages C.effects　 D.results 解析：A　根据句中的定语从句which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson可知，Sabrina意识到奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。 9.A.embarrassed　 B.confused C.annoyed　 D.frightened 解析：D　根据后半句but she soon kept her head可知，Sabrina见到海啸很害怕。 10.A.stress　 B.development C.danger　 D.credit 解析：C　根据下句中的Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was可知，Sabrina警告父母海啸来临的危险。 11.A.cheating　 B.debating C.helping　 D.joking 解析：D　根据上文She warned her parents of the 　10　可知，父母以为Sabrina是开玩笑。 12.A.under control　 B.on hand C.on its way　 D.on schedule 解析：C　根据上下文可知，Sabrina确信海啸即将来临。on one’s way意为“在途中”。 13.A.actually　 B.anxiously C.immediately　 D.curiously 解析：C　根据空后的realized the coming danger可知，安全官员立刻意识到海啸即将来临的危险。 14.A.informed　 B.warned C.reminded　 D.cleared 解析：D　根据上文和常识可知，海啸即将来临，海滩上很快就没有人了。 15.A.jumped　 B.crashed C.divided　 D.tapped 解析：B　根据空前的the huge waves可知，因为是海啸，所以是巨浪撞击海岸。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·蚌埠高一上阶段练习）The China International Search and Rescue Team （CISAR） 16.　　　　　　 （form） in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs.The team brings help and hope to those 17.　　　　　　 lives are changed by a storm， food， earthquake， or any other natural disaster. 　　After long and careful 18.　　　　　　 （train）， the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003.That year the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran.It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked 19.　　　　　　 China and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill.Since then， the CISAR 20.　　　　　　 （complete） many tasks.The list of people to whom help has been given is long.The team treated more than 3，000 people 21.　　　　　　 （injure） in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia and spent 3 months 22.　　　　　　 （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. 　　Rescue workers are trained to find people， treat injuries， and hand out food， water， and other supplies.They have to be able to do work that is 23.　　　　　　 （difficulty） under conditions which can be dangerous.Even they bury 24.　　　　　 dead.That means they must have big hearts， too.25.　　　　　　 takes a lot of love and courage to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国际搜寻救援队的一些情况。 16.was formed　考查时态和语态。主语与动词form之间为被动关系，且由in 2001可知，应用一般过去时；主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was formed。 17.whose　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，从句中缺少定语，应用关系代词。故填whose。 18.training　考查名词。形容词long and careful用来修饰名词。故填training。 19.outside　考查介词。根据上句可知，这是中国搜救队第一次在中国以外的地方进行救援活动。故填outside。 20.has completed　考查时态。the CISAR与complete之间为主动关系，再由Since then可知，应用现在完成时；主语为第三人称单数。故填has completed。 21.injured　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语形式，3，000 people与动词injure之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填injured。 22.giving　考查非谓语动词。固定结构spend time （in） doing sth意为“花时间做某事”。故填giving。 23.difficult　考查形容词。设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词。故填difficult。 24.the　考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人，the dead表示“死者”。故填the。 25.It　考查代词。此空应用it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面动词不定式 to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s；置于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $