UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

限制性定语从句（1）

　　The people of Tangshan suffered a lot from the Tangshan earthquake.But they are the people who① are full of courage and determination.Soon after the earthquake， they rebuilt the houses which② were completely destroyed and repaired the schools whose③ classrooms were greatly damaged.Soon， the students whom④ we once worried about were sitting in the new classrooms again.The roads that⑤ were damaged were also under repair.Now a new Tangshan witnessing the strength and unity of its people is standing on the earthquake ruins.

①who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在句中作主语；

②which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词houses，并在句中作主语；

③whose引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词schools，并在句中作定语；

④whom引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，并在句中作宾语；

⑤that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词roads，并在句中作主语。

——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观

1.限制性定语从句的关系代词

【先感悟】

①（教材典句）There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.

②（教材典句）Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.

③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen.

④（教材典句）Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

⑤（教材典句）Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

【会发现】

以上定语从句由关系代词that、 who、 which、 whose引导，修饰　名词或代词　，置于被修饰词的后面。

关系代词which、 that、 who在定语从句中可以作　主语或宾语　；关系代词whose在定语从句中作　定语　。

【善归纳】

①that引导的定语从句，that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。

②who引导的定语从句，who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。whom引导的定语从句，whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

③which引导的定语从句，which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。

④whose引导的定语从句，whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示所属关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。

【注意事项】

①关系代词作宾语通常可以省略。

He will never forget the disaster （which/that） he experienced.

他永远不会忘记他所经历的那场灾难。

②关系代词whom常可用who/that来代替，但如果在介词后则不能代替。

The survivor who/that/whom we rescued from the flood was very thankful.

我们从洪水中救出的幸存者非常感激。

The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother.

刚才和你说话的那个年轻人是我哥哥。

【运用练】　用适当的关系代词填空

①The rescue workers 　who/that　 were burying the dead animals felt very shocked.

②The bricks 　that/which　 we dug out will be reused when we build a house.

③There are many people with 　whom　 you can share your feelings.

④The children 　who/that　 had been trapped in the house have been rescued.

⑤Any student 　whose　 family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.

2.关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况

【先感悟】

①The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal.

②This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.

③Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？

④All the efforts that I made to improve my English paid off.

⑤The first thing that should be done is to call the police at once.

⑥We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.

【会发现】

句①中先行词被　The only　修饰，定语从句用that引导。　

句②⑤中先行词被　形容词最高级　和　序数词　修饰，定语从句用that引导。

句③④中先行词是　不定代词　或者被不定代词修饰，定语从句用that引导。

句⑥中先行词　既有人又有物　，定语从句用that引导。

【善归纳】

①当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。

②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

③当先行词被the only、the very、the last修饰时。

④当先行词既指人、又指物时。

⑤当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。

⑥当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。

【注意事项】

①当先行词是指人的one、 ones、 those、 anyone、 he、 they时，定语从句多用who引导。

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

不到长城非好汉。

Those who make every effort to succeed will be repaid.

那些为成功而努力的人将会得到回报。