专题09 七选五15篇（北京专用）（高考典例+热点话题练习）-2026届高考英语总复习

专题09 七选五15篇 (北京专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较难 方法/策略,哲理感悟 2 适中 科普知识 3 适中 当代教育问题 4 适中 方法/策略,个人保健 5 适中 闲暇活动 ,日常生活 6 适中 方法/策略,学习 7 适中 方法/策略 8 适中 美术与摄影,科普知识 9 适中 方法/策略,日常生活 10 适中 方法/策略,哲理感悟 11 较难 爱好,社会问题与社会现象 12 适中 社会问题与社会现象 13 较难 阅读 14 适中 方法/策略,日常生活 15 适中 方法/策略,自然灾害与防范 【高考典例】 What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 5 A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 5 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【热点话题练习】 Walking is becoming a hot research topic among health scientists. It’s arguably the most accessible form of exercise available to us and mounting research shows it’s good for health. Walking three times a week nearly halves the recurrence of back pain according to research published in 2024, while another study from that year found that hitting 10,000 steps a day lowers your risk of heart disease. 1 In terms of burning calories and weight loss more generally, the research unsurprisingly shows that walking is less effective than more intense forms of exercise, like running or weightlifting. The amount of calories you can burn depends on a number of factors, but the average person gets through a modest 250 calories walking for an hour at a moderate, unstrained pace. If walking is the only thing you’re doing, it’s unlikely to move the needle very far on the weighing scales. 2 A 2017 study in the Journal of Nutrition found obese and overweight people who walked 2.5 hours a week, along with following a diet, lost more weight and fat mass than people who just followed the diet. There are ways to step up your walking, of course. 3 The journal Obesity reports that out of people on a long-term weight-loss programme, the ones who lost more than 10 percent of their starting weight were clocking 10,000 steps a day at the 6-, 12-and 18-month intervals. You have to keep it up, in other words. Next, pick up the pace. 4 Exercise scientists class slow walking as light exercise, but increase your efforts and it becomes moderate exercise, which is better for your heart, lungs and-muscles. Experts usually suggest that a pace of 5 km/h is moderate. Anything else you can do to make the walk harder will also increase the number of calories you burn. Swinging or pumping your arms is a good example. 5 Walking up hills or on an incline (斜坡) can also dramatically increase the number of calories you burn because it ramps up your heart rate and the muscle activation in your legs. One study suggests that an incline of five percent increases the metabolic cost of walking by 17 percent, while a 10-percent incline increases it by 32 percent. A．So is walking on uneven land or into a headwind. B．You can also walk off excess body weight — to an extent. C．Adding short jogging bursts during walks may boost calorie burning. D．The most obvious is distance — walk further and you’ll burn more calories. E．Apparently, there’s a big difference between a gentle stroll and a purposeful walk. F．Wearing a smartwatch to track incline intensity could optimize walking efficiency. G．Research shows that it can improve the effects of a calorie-restricted diet, however. In our constant pursuit of productivity and achievement, we often overlook the quality of our daily experiences. We fill our hours with tasks, yet wonder why we so frequently feel exhausted, distracted, or unsatisfied. What if the key to a more fulfilling life isn’t about doing more, but about doing differently? 1 Activities actually can be divided into different categories. Understanding what each category truly is helps make better choices. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward. You don’t need to plan them far in advance or clear out a full afternoon. It might be a walk in nature, listening to your favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. 2 One of the biggest misconceptions about fun is that it has to be some grand event. In truth, the most restorative moments often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. Living activities are the activities that stretch you. They might feel challenging at first, but they match with your values and leave you with a real sense of meaning. 3 These types of experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they often help us feel more alive. Yielding activities are activities that require little effort but offer little satisfaction. 4 Or visualize the repeated check of your inbox without urgency. These activities can be harmless ways to relax. But when overused, they quietly replace more meaningful experiences. Once you’ve reflected on how you currently spend your time, try making one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you would like to engage in more, even something simple like a short walk or trying something new that is consistent with your values. 5 A．Try to change how you handle these activities. B．Think of the mindless scanning through social media. C．This begins by recognizing that not all activities affect us equally. D．These are simple joys that don’t require much but offer a genuine reward. E．This could be doing the things that leave you exhausted. F．The goal is to replace distracted moments with engaged ones. G．It could be learning a new skill that pushes you out of your comfort zone. Taking good notes in class is key to understanding lessons and preparing for exams. However, many students struggle with capturing important information without missing parts of the lecture. Follow these practical steps to make your notes more useful. First, come prepared with the right tools. 1 A notebook with divided sections (for main ideas and details) or a digital note-taking app that lets you organize content easily works best. Avoid using messy loose papers — they’re easy to lose and hard to review later. Next, focus on key information, not every word. 2 Teachers often emphasize important points with phrases like “Remember this” or “This is crucial.” Write down main ideas, key terms, and examples, but skip unnecessary descriptions or repeated explanations. Then, use a clear note-taking structure. 3 For example, the “Cornell Method” divides your notebook page into three parts: a section for questions, one for notes, and a small area at the bottom for a summary. This structure makes it easier to review and connect ideas later. 4 If you miss a point, leave a blank space and keep listening — don’t stop to fill it in during the lecture. After class, ask a classmate or your teacher to help you fill in the gaps. Also, review your notes within 24 hours: this helps reinforce what you’ve learned before you forget it. Finally, personalize your notes. 5 Use symbols (like “!” for important points) or highlight key terms in different colors. You can also add your own comments or questions in the margins — this makes the notes more meaningful to you and helps with active learning. A．Fix gaps and review promptly after class. B．Not all note-taking tools are equally effective. C．Different structures work for different subjects. D．Personal touches help you engage with the material. E．Having the right tools can save you time and reduce stress. F．Write down only what the teacher emphasizes as important. G．Reviewing notes regularly is more important than taking them. Some of scientists’ most rewarding moments come when we confront a difficult task. Designing an elegant experiment or writing a paper are the intellectual challenges that make a career in science so exciting. 1 It can frustrate and weigh on us, and cause anxiety and stress. We can struggle to maintain focus on our hard tasks, including the ones we eagerly wish to complete. There is no avoiding these experiences entirely, but there are some strategies that can help us stay focused. 2 To solve hard problems, the brain needs ready access to the knowledge it will be using. Cognitive scientists refer to this collective task knowledge as a task set. However, we can’t hold it all active in our limited mental workspace, or ‘working memory’, all the time. For example, when writing a scientific paper, we must bring to mind lots of information. If we have just been at a meeting on a different topic, and then sit down to write the paper, the information might not be in the forefront of our minds. It must be mentally retrieved in our working memory before we can start writing. 3 We must spend time and mental effort getting back into our task set, rather than making progress. For this reason, it is important to create time and space for hard tasks. Minimize distraction and never multitask. When we do two or more tasks at once, either at the same time or switching between them, our performance efficiency and quality will suffer. This happens partly because the tasks use shared cognitive resources, such as working memory. As a result, they will compete for that shared resource and interfere with one another. 4 Engage in good problem-solving habits. To perform a hard task, we must structure the task in a way that will allow us to succeed. For example, a hard task such as doing a geometry proof might involve a structured process of retrieving, selecting and checking a set of geometry facts. As we do more problems, the facts come to mind more easily, and we follow familiar plans to evaluate each. 5 This is one reason why practice makes us more efficient and successful at hard tasks, and that experts outperform novices. Hard tasks are an essential part of our work as scientists. There are no simple tricks or get-smart-quick schemes that can make hard tasks suddenly effortless. But, if we are able to make space for our work, avoid multitasking and pursue good problem-solving strategies, we might be more successful at the hard tasks we want achieve. A．Take breaks. B．Make space. C．Set aside large blocks of time. D．But doing hard tasks is, in fact, hard. E．In practice, returning to a hard task in this way comes with a “restart” cost. F．In general, we can get better at structuring hard problems with experience. G．When doing a hard task, it is vital to minimize this interference from multi-tasking. In an era of burnout and endless phone-scrolling, a therapeutic alternative hangs on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before Van Gogh’s Self-Portrait With Bandaged Ear, their stress fell compared with that of volunteers viewing reproductions (仿制品). 1 That art can lift spirits is well known. 2 A study by King’s College London had people wear sensors while looking at 19th-century post-impressionist masterworks. Half saw originals in galleries; the other half viewed copies in a lab. Results showed gallery visits reduce stress, cut heart disease risk, and boost the immune system. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion. Earlier this summer, Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project at Kettle’s Yard Gallery. 3 Last year, a UK department’s research noted creative activities boost physical and mental health, plus bring economic gains — about £1,000 per person yearly from better work efficiency and fewer doctor trips. 4 As art historian Katy Hessel says, “When you experience art, you don’t just see it — you feel it.” Galleries are quiet, contemplative spaces where we stop scrolling and focus. This helps us “step back” mentally, as Iris Murdoch wrote: great art “lets us see and enjoy what’s not part of ourselves.” When creativity is outsourced (外包) to AI, galleries connect us with human genius. We feel Van Gogh’s pain in his brushstrokes and learn about human suffering. 5 Will doctors soon prescribe gallery visits alongside exercise and healthy eating? These studies urge more investment in the creative sector, ensuring everyone can access this “cultural workout for the body.” Art is vital to both national economy and public health — the science speaks for itself. A．But that it calms the body is a surprising new finding. B．The government has also taken steps to support cultural facilities. C．Time spent deeply engaging with art is key to art’s therapeutic effects. D．They found appreciating artistic beauty frees us from daily mental trapping. E．Science suggests original art is a viewable medicine with real health benefits. F．This connection to human emotion and creativity makes art uniquely healing. G．Many people now prefer digital art experiences over visiting physical galleries. Recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. 1 Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family. The research suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Ricardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time. 2 Correia examined studies which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. 3 People report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. 4 It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. 5 This can help us to prioritize our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continuous state of “just about keeping our head above water”. This is in part because spending time in nature appears to make us less impulsive, enabling us to delay instant satisfaction in favour of long-term rewards. A．He believed that stress can break our sense of time. B．Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. C．These studies consistently showed the same conclusion. D．He added that it even gives us the sense of time richness. E．Time shortage has also been worsened by digital technologies. F．Spending time in nature is known to have many benefits for wellbeing. G．Rather than focusing on the demands on time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.” 1 Darkness and fear may cloud our vision, but moments of light — like flashes in a storm — reveal that our goals and dreams remain. When overwhelmed by uncertainty, helplessness often takes over. Yet, as Thich Naht Hanh teaches, “The only way out is in.” 2 Positive psychology shows that trusting yourself depends on cultivating inner peace and recognizing your character strengths. Researchers studied 16,716 individuals from over 50 countries to understand traits linked to self-trust during uncertainty. They found that those with strong trust consistently reported greater inner peace. This group excelled in three emotional character strengths — gratitude, love, and hope. 3 Gratitude, the most studied of the three, is particularly powerful. It focuses on what has already happened, requiring no invention or manipulation. 4 Instead of recalling only average events, asking for “three things you were grateful for yesterday” directs the brain to retrieve positive experiences. Over time, this reshapes our perspective, helping us savor moments and feel better. Daily challenges — political, financial, or personal — are unavoidable, but they need not consume us. By practicing gratitude, we train our minds to notice what uplifts us. This shift in perception fosters self-trust, reminding us that peace and strength lie within. 5 Savor them. This simple practice opens the door to inner peace, proving that storms may rage, but stars still shine. With gratitude comes self-trust, and with self-trust comes a life of resilience and meaning. A．Practicing gratitude changes how our brain searches memories. B．This reminds us that even in difficult times, we can find guidance and hope. C．Inner strength allows us to shift our focus inward, finding calm amid chaos. D．Try it now: recall three experiences from the last 24 hours that made you grateful. E．They promote harmony and resilience, and importantly, they can be taught and developed. F．These strengths are valuable as they arise naturally in times of crisis and play a vital role in hardship. G．It mainly helps people forget negative experiences, allowing the brain to erase unpleasant memories over time. There’s just something about Labubu. You hear the sound of opening a blind box, see that cheeky smile and suddenly you’re attracted. But once the excitement fades, you can’t help but wonder, why do we keep chasing more, even when we already have enough? Evolutionary psychology gives us a fascinating answer. A lot of what we do comes from what once helped our ancestors survive. 1 That could mean the difference between thriving (繁荣) and going without. Over generations, we’ve been wired to find joy in having more than we require. Labubu represents a modern form of this instinct (本能). The blind-box model mirrors ancestral uncertainty: investing effort toward an uncertain payoff with the possibility of a rare, high-status “secret” find. The uncertainty of the reward activates dopamine pathways in the brain. 2 This explains why collectors sometimes keep buying long after they’ve achieved their goal. 3 When collecting remains a source of joy and social connection, it can be adaptive. Many Labubu collectors share mini furniture, and fan-made content. 4 But when over-marketing and rocketing resale prices step in, the whole environment changes. Suddenly, it’s less about the joy of owning something you love and more about showing off or reselling it for a profit. In questioning whether hoarding is simply collecting gone mad, it becomes clear that human psychology hasn’t fundamentally changed. Social media, over-marketing, and resale culture supercharge ancient drives. The challenge is to keep those drives in balance. 5 Ask yourself: Does it truly spark joy or creativity? In the end, Labubu is more than a toy. It’s a little mirror, reflecting both our ancient instincts and modern anxieties, and showing just how easily a fun hobby can tip into full-blown craze. A．Collect what brings genuine pleasure. B．But how does collecting slip into disorder? C．Buyers don’t know which figure they will get. D．Back then, collecting was about saving tools or food for later use. E．Collecting becomes a problem when possessions damage our daily life. F．It makes us “want” the experience even when we already “have” enough. G．Such are forms of self-expression that enrich rather than mess up our life. What’s Your preferred playback Speed? Glen Powell, a Hollywood idol, likes 1x listening speed: “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate.” Bowen Yang, an American comedian, prefers his narration fast and loose. “You can round up to 2x”, though he considers 1.8x the perfect pace. Both men appeared in an advertisement by Audible, an audiobook platform, which featured various celebrities talking about the speed at which they listen to their chosen titles. 1 “I listened to your judgmental ad on 2x speed,” one TikTok user said. Some claimed to feel “shamed” by the advertisement and threatened to cancel their subscriptions. 2 . A recent survey found that 31% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 listen to audio at playback speeds faster than 1x. The time-saving benefits can be enormous. 3 If you had a ten-hour journey, you could listen to “Persuasion” in eight hours and 13 minutes at 1x speed. But, if you clicked 1.5x, you’d hear all about Anne Elliott’s exploits in five and a half hours, leaving space for “Animal Farm” and “The Little Prince”, with time to spare. 4 . The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist. Researchers looked at the test scores of students who had watched lectures back at varying speeds and found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. For audio and video platforms, there is no downside to offering different playback options. The more books or episodes a subscriber gets through, the better the advertising and sales revenues. But for listeners, the experience differs greatly between 1x and 2x. audiobook narrators hold that there’s an art of pacing, tone and suspension to reading aloud. 5 Rhetoric (修辞) often relies on rhythm and pauses for emphasis and meaning: few actors race through the soliloquies in “Hamlet”, for instance. Yet for many, to speed or not to speed is no longer a question. A．A faster pace does not seem to affect listeners’ ability to concentrate. B．If listeners speed that up too much, they’re losing that part of the performance. C．It triggered fierce debate online for implying that those who make haste are weird. D．YouTube claims that its viewers collectively save more than 900 years per day thanks to its fast-playback feature. E．The online argument points to the changing way in which audiences, particularly young ones, engage with digital media. F．Thus, while younger adults can watch videos at faster speeds without significant consequences, we advise against older adults doing so G．This may be especially important as age-related changes in cognition may necessitate adjustments to instructional videos to optimize learning. The Art of Reading Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. 1 The man who does not have the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, with respect to (就……而言) time and space. From this prison, there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world. If it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers in the world. 2 . Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their body prison. But there is more to it than this. 3 . Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person and reading about them in books, for then the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Song poet. He said, “A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.” What he means is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading. 4 5 . This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. As for the flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing. A．And only reading with this object can be called an art. B．When the mood for reading comes, one can read anywhere. C．The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. D．Such an understanding of the art of reading completely excludes the idea of reading as a duty or as an obligation. E．Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then the only admissible kind of reading. F．This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does. G．This talker leads him on and carries him into a different world or discusses with him some aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction. 1 By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable. We can divide daily activities into four categories: Pleasing, Living, Agonizing, and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. 2 In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. 3 They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice. 4 The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses (剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax. 5 Once you've reflected on how you spend your time, aim for one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do more — perhaps a short walk, trying something new, or working on a project aligned with your values. Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A．Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B．The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C．Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed. D．These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E．Unlike Pleasing activities, Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention. F．But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G．While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. Get Moving When a Storm Threatens When a storm is forecast to impact your area, take action immediately to be ready. Ideally, longer-term preparedness actions such as having disaster supplies and an evacuation plan will have already been done before hurricane season, when the stores are stocked and time is on your side. 1 Protect your home. While longer-term home improvement needs to be done well ahead of time, when a storm threatens there are short-term actions to help protect your property. Board up windows, secure loose outdoor items, and secure all exterior doors. 2 If you are evacuating, unplug electrical equipment such as radios, televisions and small appliances (freezers and refrigerators also need to be unplugged if there is a risk of flooding). If you are instructed to do so, shut off water, gas and electricity before leaving. Determine sheltering options and consider your pets. 3 If you have pets, find a place where they can stay — most public shelters only allow service animals. In general, have multiple sheltering options, including distant ones such as a friend’s home outside of the impact area, or a motel. Depending on the circumstances, your home may need to be your shelter — make sure it is prepared and that you know the safest places inside. Ready your go-bag. Have a go bag ready to take things with you if you need to leave in a hurry. In addition to basic survival needs, don’t forget other supplies such as chargers and hygiene products. 4 While preparing these basic needs, don’t forget to keep your phone charged. Your go-bag should also contain important personal and property documents, including your written communication plan. Help your neighbors, especially the elderly and other vulnerable people. Many people rely on their neighbors before and after a disaster, and there are many ways you can help them. Help them prepare for a storm, and help them evacuate if needed. 5 Follow evacuation orders if given. Always follow evacuation orders from local authorities — don’t wait for a hurricane to intensify before deciding to follow the order. You want to leave early enough to avoid being trapped by severe weather. A．Plan to have enough for at least three days. B．When a storm threatens, there’s a lot more to do. C．Take action today to be better prepared for when the worst happens. D．Move your vehicle to a safe location if you’re not using it to evacuate. E．Check with local officials to find out what shelter spaces are available. F．Unplug electrical equipment and check to see if any neighbors need a ride. G．Share the latest forecast information with them so that they know what to expect. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 七选五15篇 (北京专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 较难 方法/策略,哲理感悟 2 适中 科普知识 3 适中 当代教育问题 4 适中 方法/策略,个人保健 5 适中 闲暇活动 ,日常生活 6 适中 方法/策略,学习 7 适中 方法/策略 8 适中 美术与摄影,科普知识 9 适中 方法/策略,日常生活 10 适中 方法/策略,哲理感悟 11 较难 爱好,社会问题与社会现象 12 适中 社会问题与社会现象 13 较难 阅读 14 适中 方法/策略,日常生活 15 适中 方法/策略,自然灾害与防范 【高考典例】 What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 5 A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 1．由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 2．由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3．由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 4．由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 5．由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 5 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 1．根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 5．根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 1．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 2．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 3．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 4．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 5．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 【热点话题练习】 Walking is becoming a hot research topic among health scientists. It’s arguably the most accessible form of exercise available to us and mounting research shows it’s good for health. Walking three times a week nearly halves the recurrence of back pain according to research published in 2024, while another study from that year found that hitting 10,000 steps a day lowers your risk of heart disease. 1 In terms of burning calories and weight loss more generally, the research unsurprisingly shows that walking is less effective than more intense forms of exercise, like running or weightlifting. The amount of calories you can burn depends on a number of factors, but the average person gets through a modest 250 calories walking for an hour at a moderate, unstrained pace. If walking is the only thing you’re doing, it’s unlikely to move the needle very far on the weighing scales. 2 A 2017 study in the Journal of Nutrition found obese and overweight people who walked 2.5 hours a week, along with following a diet, lost more weight and fat mass than people who just followed the diet. There are ways to step up your walking, of course. 3 The journal Obesity reports that out of people on a long-term weight-loss programme, the ones who lost more than 10 percent of their starting weight were clocking 10,000 steps a day at the 6-, 12-and 18-month intervals. You have to keep it up, in other words. Next, pick up the pace. 4 Exercise scientists class slow walking as light exercise, but increase your efforts and it becomes moderate exercise, which is better for your heart, lungs and-muscles. Experts usually suggest that a pace of 5 km/h is moderate. Anything else you can do to make the walk harder will also increase the number of calories you burn. Swinging or pumping your arms is a good example. 5 Walking up hills or on an incline (斜坡) can also dramatically increase the number of calories you burn because it ramps up your heart rate and the muscle activation in your legs. One study suggests that an incline of five percent increases the metabolic cost of walking by 17 percent, while a 10-percent incline increases it by 32 percent. A．So is walking on uneven land or into a headwind. B．You can also walk off excess body weight — to an extent. C．Adding short jogging bursts during walks may boost calorie burning. D．The most obvious is distance — walk further and you’ll burn more calories. E．Apparently, there’s a big difference between a gentle stroll and a purposeful walk. F．Wearing a smartwatch to track incline intensity could optimize walking efficiency. G．Research shows that it can improve the effects of a calorie-restricted diet, however. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．D 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍步行对健康的益处，以及提升步行减肥效果的相关方法。 1．根据上文“Walking three times a week nearly halves the recurrence of back pain according to research published in 2024, while another study from that year found that hitting 10,000 steps a day lowers your risk of heart disease.(根据2024年发表的一项研究，每周步行三次几乎能使背痛的复发率减半，而同一年的另一项研究发现，每天走10000步可以降低患心脏病的风险)”以及下文“In terms of burning calories and weight loss more generally, the research unsurprisingly shows that walking is less effective than more intense forms of exercise, like running or weightlifting.(更普遍地说，在燃烧卡路里和减肥方面，研究不出所料地表明，步行不如跑步或举重等强度更大的运动有效)”可知，空格处需要转折过渡，衔接步行的益处和其在燃脂减肥方面的局限性。B选项“You can also walk off excess body weight — to an extent.(在某种程度上，你也可以通过步行减掉多余的体重)”既承接上文步行的好处，又通过to an extent引出下文步行在减肥上的局限性，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据上文“If walking is the only thing you’re doing, it’s unlikely to move the needle very far on the weighing scales.(如果你只靠步行减肥，那么体重秤上的数字不太可能有太大变化)”以及下文“A 2017 study in the Journal of Nutrition found obese and overweight people who walked 2.5 hours a week, along with following a diet, lost more weight and fat mass than people who just followed the diet.(《营养学杂志》2017年的一项研究发现，每周步行2.5小时并配合节食的肥胖和超重人群，比单纯节食的人减掉了更多的体重和脂肪量)”可知，空格处应转折说明步行结合节食会有更好的减肥效果。G选项“Research shows that it can improve the effects of a calorie-restricted diet, however.(然而，研究表明，它可以提升限制热量摄入饮食的效果)”中的it指代步行，improve the effects of a calorie-restricted diet与下文步行结合节食的研究结果相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 3．根据上文“There are ways to step up your walking, of course.(当然，有一些方法可以提升你的步行效果)”以及下文“The journal Obesity reports that out of people on a long-term weight-loss programme, the ones who lost more than 10 percent of their starting weight were clocking 10,000 steps a day at the 6-, 12-and 18-month intervals.(《肥胖》杂志报道称，在参与长期减肥计划的人群中，那些在第6、12和18个月时体重减轻超过初始体重10%的人，每天都走够了10000步)”可知，空格处应提出提升步行效果的第一个方法，且与步行距离相关。D 选项“The most obvious is distance — walk further and you’ll burn more calories.(最明显的方法就是增加距离 —— 走得越远，燃烧的卡路里就越多)”中的distance和下文10,000 steps a day相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据上文“Next, pick up the pace.(接下来，加快步伐)”以及下文“Exercise scientists class slow walking as light exercise, but increase your efforts and it becomes moderate exercise, which is better for your heart, lungs and muscles.(运动科学家将慢速步行归类为轻度运动，但加大运动量后，它就变成了中度运动，这对心脏、肺部和肌肉更有益)”可知，空格处应强调步行速度不同，运动效果也不同。E选项“Apparently, there’s a big difference between a gentle stroll and a purposeful walk.(显然，悠闲散步和有目标的快走之间有很大区别)”中的gentle stroll对应慢速步行，purposeful walk对应加快步伐的步行，与下文内容相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 5．根据上文“Anything else you can do to make the walk harder will also increase the number of calories you burn. Swinging or pumping your arms is a good example.(任何能让步行变得更费力的方法都能增加卡路里的燃烧量。摆动或用力挥动双臂就是一个很好的例子)”以及下文 “Walking up hills or on an incline can also dramatically increase the number of calories you burn because it ramps up your heart rate and the muscle activation in your legs.(上坡或在斜坡上行走也能显著增加卡路里的燃烧量，因为这会提高心率，激活腿部肌肉)”可知，空格处应列举另一种增加步行难度的方法。A选项“So is walking on uneven land or into a headwind.(在不平坦的路面行走或逆风行走也是如此)”与上文的挥臂、下文的上坡行走并列，都是提升步行难度的方式，符合语境。故选A项。 In our constant pursuit of productivity and achievement, we often overlook the quality of our daily experiences. We fill our hours with tasks, yet wonder why we so frequently feel exhausted, distracted, or unsatisfied. What if the key to a more fulfilling life isn’t about doing more, but about doing differently? 1 Activities actually can be divided into different categories. Understanding what each category truly is helps make better choices. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward. You don’t need to plan them far in advance or clear out a full afternoon. It might be a walk in nature, listening to your favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. 2 One of the biggest misconceptions about fun is that it has to be some grand event. In truth, the most restorative moments often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. Living activities are the activities that stretch you. They might feel challenging at first, but they match with your values and leave you with a real sense of meaning. 3 These types of experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they often help us feel more alive. Yielding activities are activities that require little effort but offer little satisfaction. 4 Or visualize the repeated check of your inbox without urgency. These activities can be harmless ways to relax. But when overused, they quietly replace more meaningful experiences. Once you’ve reflected on how you currently spend your time, try making one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you would like to engage in more, even something simple like a short walk or trying something new that is consistent with your values. 5 A．Try to change how you handle these activities. B．Think of the mindless scanning through social media. C．This begins by recognizing that not all activities affect us equally. D．These are simple joys that don’t require much but offer a genuine reward. E．This could be doing the things that leave you exhausted. F．The goal is to replace distracted moments with engaged ones. G．It could be learning a new skill that pushes you out of your comfort zone. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．G 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍不同类型的日常活动及其特点，指出调整活动选择能让生活更充实，而非单纯追求多做事。 1．根据空前“What if the key to a more fulfilling life isn’t about doing more, but about doing differently? (如果更充实生活的关键不在于做更多事，而在于换种方式做事呢？)”以及空后“Activities actually can be divided into different categories. Understanding what each category truly is helps make better choices. (实际上，活动可以分为不同的类别。了解每个类别的真正含义有助于做出更好的选择。)”可知，此空应起到承上启下的作用，引出“活动有不同分类”的观点，C选项“This begins by recognizing that not all activities affect us equally. (这始于要意识到并非所有活动对我们的影响都是相同的。)”中的this指代前文提到的“换种方式做事让生活更充实”，且引出后文的活动分类，符合语境。故选C项。 2．根据空前“Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward. You don’t need to plan them far in advance or clear out a full afternoon. It might be a walk in nature, listening to your favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. (愉悦类活动是低投入、高回报的。你不需要提前很久计划，也不需要腾出一整个下午的时间。它可能是在大自然中散步，听你最喜欢的播放列表，或者打电话给朋友只是问候一声。)”以及空后“One of the biggest misconceptions about fun is that it has to be some grand event. In truth, the most restorative moments often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. (关于乐趣最大的误解之一是它必须是某种盛大的活动。事实上，最能让人恢复精力的时刻往往来自这些微小的日常乐趣。)”可知，此空应是对愉悦类活动特点的进一步总结，D选项“These are simple joys that don’t require much but offer a genuine reward. (这些都是简单的乐趣，不需要太多投入却能带来真正的愉悦感。)”中的these指代前文提到的散步、听音乐等愉悦类活动，且与前后文的表意一致，符合语境。故选D项。 3．根据空前“Living activities are the activities that stretch you. They might feel challenging at first, but they match with your values and leave you with a real sense of meaning. (成长类活动是能让你得到锻炼的活动。它们一开始可能会让人觉得有挑战性，但符合你的价值观，还能给你带来真正的意义感。)”以及空后“These types of experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they often help us feel more alive. (这类体验比愉悦类活动需要更多精力，但它们往往能让我们感觉更有活力。)”可知，此空应是列举成长类活动的具体例子，G选项“It could be learning a new skill that pushes you out of your comfort zone. (它可能是学习一项能让你走出舒适区的新技能。)”中的it指代前文的living activities，且符合成长类活动“有挑战性、能带来意义感”的特点，符合语境。故选G项。 4．根据空前“Yielding activities are activities that require little effort but offer little satisfaction. (消耗类活动是那些投入少但带来的满足感也少的活动。)”以及空后“Or visualize the repeated check of your inbox without urgency. These activities can be harmless ways to relax. But when overused, they quietly replace more meaningful experiences. (或者想象一下，没什么急事却反复查看收件箱的场景。这些活动可以是无害的放松方式，但如果过度沉迷，就会悄悄取代更有意义的体验。)”可知，此空应是列举消耗类活动的具体例子，B选项“Think of the mindless scanning through social media. (想想无意识地刷社交媒体的行为。)”与空后的“反复查看收件箱”并列，均属于消耗类活动，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据空前“Once you’ve reflected on how you currently spend your time, try making one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you would like to engage in more, even something simple like a short walk or trying something new that is consistent with your values. (一旦你反思了自己目前的时间分配方式，试着每天做出一点小小的改变。选择一项你更想参与的愉悦类或成长类活动，哪怕是像短途散步这样简单的事，或者尝试一件符合你价值观的新事物。)”可知，此空应是总结这种时间调整的目的，F选项“The goal is to replace distracted moments with engaged ones. (这样做的目的是用专注投入的时光取代分心虚度的时刻。)”中的the goal指代前文提到的“每天做出一点小改变”，且点明了调整时间分配的意义，符合语境。故选F项。 Taking good notes in class is key to understanding lessons and preparing for exams. However, many students struggle with capturing important information without missing parts of the lecture. Follow these practical steps to make your notes more useful. First, come prepared with the right tools. 1 A notebook with divided sections (for main ideas and details) or a digital note-taking app that lets you organize content easily works best. Avoid using messy loose papers — they’re easy to lose and hard to review later. Next, focus on key information, not every word. 2 Teachers often emphasize important points with phrases like “Remember this” or “This is crucial.” Write down main ideas, key terms, and examples, but skip unnecessary descriptions or repeated explanations. Then, use a clear note-taking structure. 3 For example, the “Cornell Method” divides your notebook page into three parts: a section for questions, one for notes, and a small area at the bottom for a summary. This structure makes it easier to review and connect ideas later. 4 If you miss a point, leave a blank space and keep listening — don’t stop to fill it in during the lecture. After class, ask a classmate or your teacher to help you fill in the gaps. Also, review your notes within 24 hours: this helps reinforce what you’ve learned before you forget it. Finally, personalize your notes. 5 Use symbols (like “!” for important points) or highlight key terms in different colors. You can also add your own comments or questions in the margins — this makes the notes more meaningful to you and helps with active learning. A．Fix gaps and review promptly after class. B．Not all note-taking tools are equally effective. C．Different structures work for different subjects. D．Personal touches help you engage with the material. E．Having the right tools can save you time and reduce stress. F．Write down only what the teacher emphasizes as important. G．Reviewing notes regularly is more important than taking them. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．D 【原文】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何通过实用步骤使课堂笔记更有用。 1．上文“First, come prepared with the right tools.(首先，准备好合适的工具)”说明准备合适工具的重要性，空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步说明拥有合适工具的好处。E项“拥有合适的工具可以节省你的时间，减轻压力。”符合语境，且该项中的“the right tools”与上文中的“the right tools”的复现。故选E。 1．上文“Next, focus on key information, not every word.(接下来，关注关键信息，而不是每个单词)”说明要关注关键信息，下文“Teachers often emphasize important points with phrases like “Remember this” or “This is crucial.” Write down main ideas, key terms, and examples, but skip unnecessary descriptions or repeated explanations.(老师经常用“记住这一点”或“这一点至关重要”这样的短语强调要点。写下主要观点、关键术语和例子，但跳过不必要的描述或重复的解释)”说明老师会强调关键信息。空处和前文为顺接关系，应具体说明如何聚焦关键信息，即只记录老师强调的重要内容。F项“只写下老师强调的重要内容。”符合语境，且该项中的“emphasizes as important”与下文中的“emphasize important points”相呼应。故选F。 1．上文“Then, use a clear note-taking structure.(然后，使用清晰的笔记结构)”说明要使用清晰的笔记结构，空处和前文为顺接关系，应承接“笔记结构”这一话题，下文还举例了康奈尔笔记法。C 项“不同的结构适用于不同的学科。”符合语境，且该项中的“Different structures”与上文中的“structure”相呼应。故选C。 1．根据下文“If you miss a point, leave a blank space and keep listening — don’t stop to fill it in during the lecture. After class, ask a classmate or your teacher to help you fill in the gaps. Also, review your notes within 24 hours: this helps reinforce what you’ve learned before you forget it.(如果你错过了一个点，留一个空白，继续听——不要在讲课过程中停下来填空。课后，请同学或老师帮你填补空白。此外，在24小时内复习笔记：这有助于在你忘记之前巩固所学内容)”具体讲了补全笔记遗漏和及时复习的内容。空处是该段的主旨句，应概括这两点内容。A项“课后及时填补空白并复习。”符合语境，且该项中的“Fix gaps”和“review”与下文中的“fill in the gaps”和“review your notes”相呼应。故选A。 1．上文“Finally, personalize your notes.(最后，个性化你的笔记)”说明要个性化笔记，下文“Use symbols (like “!” for important points) or highlight key terms in different colors. You can also add your own comments or questions in the margins — this makes the notes more meaningful to you and helps with active learning.(使用符号（比如用“！”表示重点内容）或用不同颜色突出关键术语。你还可以在页边空白处添加自己的评论或疑问——这会让笔记对你而言更有意义，也有助于主动学习)”介绍了使用符号、彩色标注等个性化方法。空处和前文为顺接关系，进一步说明个性化的笔记作用，并引出下文不同的做笔记的个性化方法。D项“个性化的处理有助于你与材料互动。”符合语境，且该项中的“Personal touches”与上文中的 “personalize”相呼应。故选D。 Some of scientists’ most rewarding moments come when we confront a difficult task. Designing an elegant experiment or writing a paper are the intellectual challenges that make a career in science so exciting. 1 It can frustrate and weigh on us, and cause anxiety and stress. We can struggle to maintain focus on our hard tasks, including the ones we eagerly wish to complete. There is no avoiding these experiences entirely, but there are some strategies that can help us stay focused. 2 To solve hard problems, the brain needs ready access to the knowledge it will be using. Cognitive scientists refer to this collective task knowledge as a task set. However, we can’t hold it all active in our limited mental workspace, or ‘working memory’, all the time. For example, when writing a scientific paper, we must bring to mind lots of information. If we have just been at a meeting on a different topic, and then sit down to write the paper, the information might not be in the forefront of our minds. It must be mentally retrieved in our working memory before we can start writing. 3 We must spend time and mental effort getting back into our task set, rather than making progress. For this reason, it is important to create time and space for hard tasks. Minimize distraction and never multitask. When we do two or more tasks at once, either at the same time or switching between them, our performance efficiency and quality will suffer. This happens partly because the tasks use shared cognitive resources, such as working memory. As a result, they will compete for that shared resource and interfere with one another. 4 Engage in good problem-solving habits. To perform a hard task, we must structure the task in a way that will allow us to succeed. For example, a hard task such as doing a geometry proof might involve a structured process of retrieving, selecting and checking a set of geometry facts. As we do more problems, the facts come to mind more easily, and we follow familiar plans to evaluate each. 5 This is one reason why practice makes us more efficient and successful at hard tasks, and that experts outperform novices. Hard tasks are an essential part of our work as scientists. There are no simple tricks or get-smart-quick schemes that can make hard tasks suddenly effortless. But, if we are able to make space for our work, avoid multitasking and pursue good problem-solving strategies, we might be more successful at the hard tasks we want achieve. A．Take breaks. B．Make space. C．Set aside large blocks of time. D．But doing hard tasks is, in fact, hard. E．In practice, returning to a hard task in this way comes with a “restart” cost. F．In general, we can get better at structuring hard problems with experience. G．When doing a hard task, it is vital to minimize this interference from multi-tasking. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科研中应对困难任务的三种策略：预留专属时空、避免多任务并行、养成良好解题习惯。 1．上文“Designing an elegant experiment or writing a paper are the intellectual challenges that make a career in science so exciting. (设计精妙的实验或撰写论文都是智力挑战，这些挑战让科研生涯充满乐趣)”提到科研中困难任务带来的乐趣，下文“It can frustrate and weigh on us, and cause anxiety and stress. (它会让我们沮丧、倍感压力，还会引发焦虑和紧张)”指出困难任务带来的负面感受，D选项“But doing hard tasks is, in fact, hard. (但事实上，完成困难任务绝非易事)”承上启下，用转折词but衔接前后文的正反态度，符合语境。故选D。 2．下文“For this reason, it is important to create time and space for hard tasks. (因此，为困难任务创造专属的时间和空间至关重要)”强调要为困难任务留出时间和空间，B选项“Make space. (留出空间)”是该段的主旨句，概括后文关于为任务打造专属时间空间的内容，符合语境。故选B。 3．上文“It must be mentally retrieved in our working memory before we can start writing. (在开始写作之前，我们必须在工作记忆中调取这些信息)”提到重新开始任务需要调取信息，下文“We must spend time and mental effort getting back into our task set, rather than making progress. (我们必须花费时间和精力重新进入任务状态，而非直接推进工作)”指出重新进入任务状态需要付出成本，E选项“In practice, returning to a hard task in this way comes with a “restart” cost. (实际上，以这种方式重新着手困难任务需要付出“重启成本”)”承上启下，解释前文调取信息的行为需要付出成本，引出下文的具体代价，符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“As a result, they will compete for that shared resource and interfere with one another. (结果就是，这些任务会争夺有限的共享认知资源，进而互相干扰)”指出多任务并行会产生干扰，G选项“When doing a hard task, it is vital to minimize this interference from multi-tasking. (在执行困难任务时，最大限度减少多任务并行带来的干扰至关重要)”承接上文的interfere with one another，点明该段Minimize distraction and never multitask的主旨，符合语境。故选G。 5．上文“For example, a hard task such as doing a geometry proof might involve a structured process of retrieving, selecting and checking a set of geometry facts. As we do more problems, the facts come to mind more easily, and we follow familiar plans to evaluate each. (例如，像几何证明这样的困难任务，需要一套结构化的流程：调取、筛选并验证相关几何定理。随着解题数量增多，我们能更轻松地想起定理，也能按照熟悉的思路进行推导)”提到完成困难任务需要结构化流程，且练习会提升效率，下文“This is one reason why practice makes us more efficient and successful at hard tasks, and that experts outperform novices. (这也是为什么练习能让我们更高效地完成困难任务，以及专家比新手表现更出色的原因之一)”解释练习带来提升的原因，F选项“In general, we can get better at structuring hard problems with experience. (总的来说，经验会让我们更擅长拆解困难任务)”承上启下，总结前文的结构化流程与练习的作用，引出下文对练习价值的解释，符合语境。故选F。 In an era of burnout and endless phone-scrolling, a therapeutic alternative hangs on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before Van Gogh’s Self-Portrait With Bandaged Ear, their stress fell compared with that of volunteers viewing reproductions (仿制品). 1 That art can lift spirits is well known. 2 A study by King’s College London had people wear sensors while looking at 19th-century post-impressionist masterworks. Half saw originals in galleries; the other half viewed copies in a lab. Results showed gallery visits reduce stress, cut heart disease risk, and boost the immune system. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion. Earlier this summer, Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project at Kettle’s Yard Gallery. 3 Last year, a UK department’s research noted creative activities boost physical and mental health, plus bring economic gains — about £1,000 per person yearly from better work efficiency and fewer doctor trips. 4 As art historian Katy Hessel says, “When you experience art, you don’t just see it — you feel it.” Galleries are quiet, contemplative spaces where we stop scrolling and focus. This helps us “step back” mentally, as Iris Murdoch wrote: great art “lets us see and enjoy what’s not part of ourselves.” When creativity is outsourced (外包) to AI, galleries connect us with human genius. We feel Van Gogh’s pain in his brushstrokes and learn about human suffering. 5 Will doctors soon prescribe gallery visits alongside exercise and healthy eating? These studies urge more investment in the creative sector, ensuring everyone can access this “cultural workout for the body.” Art is vital to both national economy and public health — the science speaks for itself. A．But that it calms the body is a surprising new finding. B．The government has also taken steps to support cultural facilities. C．Time spent deeply engaging with art is key to art’s therapeutic effects. D．They found appreciating artistic beauty frees us from daily mental trapping. E．Science suggests original art is a viewable medicine with real health benefits. F．This connection to human emotion and creativity makes art uniquely healing. G．Many people now prefer digital art experiences over visiting physical galleries. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了艺术，尤其是原作艺术，对人们身心健康的好处。 1．上文“When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before Van Gogh’s Self-Portrait With Bandaged Ear, their stress fell compared with that of volunteers viewing reproductions.(当伦敦科陶德美术馆的志愿者们站在梵高的《包扎着耳朵的自画像》前时，与观看复制品的志愿者相比，他们的压力减轻了。)”表明了原作艺术对人们的压力有缓解作用，空处应该进一步说明原作艺术的好处。选项E“科学表明，原作艺术是一种可观赏的药物，具有真正的健康益处”符合语境，选项E中的“original art”与上文的“originals”相呼应，且选项E中的“health benefits”与上文的“stress fell”相呼应。故选E。 2．上文“That art can lift spirits is well known.(众所周知，艺术可以振奋精神。)”表明了艺术对精神的好处，下文“A study by King’s College London had people wear sensors while looking at 19th-century post-impressionist masterworks. Half saw originals in galleries; the other half viewed copies in a lab. Results showed gallery visits reduce stress, cut heart disease risk, and boost the immune system.(伦敦国王学院的一项研究让人们戴着传感器观看19世纪后印象派杰作。一半人在画廊里看原作；另一半人在实验室里看复制品。结果显示，参观画廊可以减轻压力，降低患心脏病的风险，增强免疫系统。)”通过介绍一项研究结果来说明艺术对身体的益处。选项A“但它能平复身体是一个令人惊讶的新发现”中的“it”指代上文的“art”，且选项A中的“calms the body”与下文的“reduce stress, cut heart disease risk, and boost the immune system”相呼应，表示艺术对身体的益处是一个新的发现。故选A。 3．上文“Earlier this summer, Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project at Kettle’s Yard Gallery.(今年夏天早些时候，剑桥大学的心理学家在Kettle’s Yard画廊进行了一个类似的项目。)”表明了剑桥大学的心理学家进行了一个与艺术有关的项目，空处应该说明这个项目的结果。选项D“他们发现欣赏艺术之美能让我们摆脱日常的精神束缚”中的“They”指代上文的“Cambridge psychologists”，且选项D中的“appreciating artistic beauty”与上文的“project”相呼应。故选D。 4．下文提到“As art historian Katy Hessel says, “When you experience art, you don’t just see it — you feel it.” Galleries are quiet, contemplative spaces where we stop scrolling and focus. This helps us “step back” mentally, as Iris Murdoch wrote: great art “lets us see and enjoy what’s not part of ourselves”.(正如艺术史学家凯蒂·赫塞尔所说，“当你体验艺术时，你不仅仅是看到它——你还能感受到它。”画廊是安静、沉思的空间，在这里我们停止滚动屏幕，集中注意力。正如艾里斯·默多克所写的，这有助于我们在精神上“退后一步”：伟大的艺术“让我们看到并享受那些不属于我们自己的东西。”)”阐述深入接触艺术对人们的好处，空处应该说明深入接触艺术是艺术治疗效果的关键。选项C“深入接触艺术的时间是艺术治疗效果的关键”符合语境，且选项C中的“Time spent deeply engaging with art”与下文的“experience art”和“stop scrolling and focus”相呼应。故选C。 5．上文“When creativity is outsourced to AI, galleries connect us with human genius. We feel Van Gogh’s pain in his brushstrokes and learn about human suffering.(当创造力外包给人工智能时，画廊将我们与人类的天才联系起来。我们从梵高的笔触中感受到他的痛苦，了解人类的苦难。)”表明了艺术与人类情感和创造力的联系，下文应该说明这种联系的作用。选项F“这种与人类情感和创造力的联系使艺术具有独特的治愈作用”符合语境，且选项F中的“This connection to human emotion and creativity”指代上文的“connect us with human genius”和“feel Van Gogh’s pain in his brushstrokes and learn about human suffering”，表示这种联系使艺术具有独特的治愈作用。故选F。 Recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. 1 Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family. The research suggests that the solution to our lack of time may lie in the natural world. Psychologist Ricardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time. 2 Correia examined studies which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments. 3 People report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments. 4 It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. Previous research shows that spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. 5 This can help us to prioritize our actions so that we meet our long-term goals rather than living in a continuous state of “just about keeping our head above water”. This is in part because spending time in nature appears to make us less impulsive, enabling us to delay instant satisfaction in favour of long-term rewards. A．He believed that stress can break our sense of time. B．Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. C．These studies consistently showed the same conclusion. D．He added that it even gives us the sense of time richness. E．Time shortage has also been worsened by digital technologies. F．Spending time in nature is known to have many benefits for wellbeing. G．Rather than focusing on the demands on time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明自然可调节人的时间感知，数字技术加剧了时间短缺，而身处自然之中能放慢并拓展时间感、带来时间富足感，还能帮人们聚焦长远需求、实现长期目标。 1．根据前文“For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time.(对我们中的许多人来说，工作、家庭和家人的综合需求意味着我们总是觉得没有足够的时间。)”提到“工作、家庭需求让我们总觉得时间不够”，以及后文“Permanent connectivity extends working hours and can make it difficult to switch off from the demands of friends and family.(永久连接 会延长工作时间，也会让你很难从朋友和家人的需求中抽离出来。)”提到“永久连接延长工作时间、难以摆脱亲友需求”是对“时间短缺”的进一步说明，E项“Time shortage has also been worsened by digital technologies.(数字技术也加剧了时间短缺。)”承接前文核心问题，引出后文数字技术的具体影响。故选E项。 2．根据前文“Psychologist Ricardo Correia, at the University of Turku in Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time.(芬兰图尔库大学的心理学家Ricardo Correia发现，身处大自然可能会改变我们对时间的体验。)”提到Correia发现“身处自然会改变时间体验”，D选项“He added that it even gives us the sense of time richness.(他补充说，它甚至给了我们时间丰富的感觉。)”中“he added”呼应前文研究者的观点，“even”体现语义递进，从“改变体验”延伸到“带来时间富足感”，既承接前文核心结论，又为后文的具体研究结果铺垫。故选D项。 3．根据前文“Correia examined studies which compared people’s experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in urban and natural environments.( Correia调查了一些研究，这些研究比较了人们在城市和自然环境中执行不同类型任务时的时间体验。)”提到 “Correia 研究了对比城市与自然环境中人们时间体验的多项研究”，以及后文“People report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment.(人们报告说，与在城市环境中相比，他们在大自然中有一种时间延长的感觉。)”说明“人们在自然中比在城市中感觉时间更充裕”是研究的统一结论，C项 “These studies consistently showed the same conclusion.(这些研究一致得出相同结论。)” 衔接“研究对象”与“研究结果”，使逻辑连贯。故选C项。 4．根据前文“For example, people are more likely to perceive a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Similarly, people report perceiving time as passing more slowly while performing tasks in natural green environments than in urban environments.( 例如，人们更有可能认为在农村散步比在城市散步更长。同样，人们报告说，在自然的绿色环境中执行任务时，感觉时间过得比在城市环境中慢。)”通过“乡村散步对比城市散步”“自然环境任务对比城市环境任务”两个例子，说明自然环境中人们对时间的感知差异。B选项“Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time.(自然似乎减慢并扩展了我们的时间感。)”是对前文例子的总结概括，直接点明“自然会放慢并拓展时间感”，与后文“It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future.(不仅仅是我们对当下的时间感似乎被自然世界改变了，我们对过去和未来的感觉也是如此。)”提到“不仅改变当下时间感，还影响过去与未来”形成逻辑衔接。故选B项。 5．根据前文“It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world, it’s also our sense of the past and future. (不仅仅是我们对当下的时间感似乎被自然世界改变了，我们对过去和未来的感觉也是如此。)”提到“自然不仅改变当下的时间感，还影响对过去和未来的感知”“帮助我们从当下转向未来需求”，以及后文“This can help us to prioritize our actions so that we meet our long-term goals(这可以帮助我们优先考虑我们的行动，这样我们就能实现我们的长期目标)”说明“有助于优先处理行动以实现长期目标”是对“转向未来需求”的具体体现，G 项“Rather than focusing on the demands on time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture.(大自然不是把注意力集中在对时间的要求上，而是帮助我们看到更大的图景。)”承接前文“转变关注点”，引出后文“实现长期目标”的结果，逻辑闭环。故选G项。 Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.” 1 Darkness and fear may cloud our vision, but moments of light — like flashes in a storm — reveal that our goals and dreams remain. When overwhelmed by uncertainty, helplessness often takes over. Yet, as Thich Naht Hanh teaches, “The only way out is in.” 2 Positive psychology shows that trusting yourself depends on cultivating inner peace and recognizing your character strengths. Researchers studied 16,716 individuals from over 50 countries to understand traits linked to self-trust during uncertainty. They found that those with strong trust consistently reported greater inner peace. This group excelled in three emotional character strengths — gratitude, love, and hope. 3 Gratitude, the most studied of the three, is particularly powerful. It focuses on what has already happened, requiring no invention or manipulation. 4 Instead of recalling only average events, asking for “three things you were grateful for yesterday” directs the brain to retrieve positive experiences. Over time, this reshapes our perspective, helping us savor moments and feel better. Daily challenges — political, financial, or personal — are unavoidable, but they need not consume us. By practicing gratitude, we train our minds to notice what uplifts us. This shift in perception fosters self-trust, reminding us that peace and strength lie within. 5 Savor them. This simple practice opens the door to inner peace, proving that storms may rage, but stars still shine. With gratitude comes self-trust, and with self-trust comes a life of resilience and meaning. A．Practicing gratitude changes how our brain searches memories. B．This reminds us that even in difficult times, we can find guidance and hope. C．Inner strength allows us to shift our focus inward, finding calm amid chaos. D．Try it now: recall three experiences from the last 24 hours that made you grateful. E．They promote harmony and resilience, and importantly, they can be taught and developed. F．These strengths are valuable as they arise naturally in times of crisis and play a vital role in hardship. G．It mainly helps people forget negative experiences, allowing the brain to erase unpleasant memories over time. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出逆境中的出路在于向内寻求平静，而研究发现，感恩、爱与希望这三种情感力量能促进内在平静与韧性，其中练习感恩尤能重塑大脑对积极记忆的提取，从而建立持久的心理力量。 1．前文“Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, “Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.” (马丁·路德·金曾经说过：“只有当黑暗足够深时，才能看到那些星星。”)”引用马丁·路德·金的名言，后文“Darkness and fear may cloud our vision, but moments of light — like flashes in a storm — reveal that our goals and dreams remain. (黑暗和恐惧可能遮蔽我们的视野，但瞬间的光明——就像暴风雨中的闪光——表明我们的目标和梦想依然存在)”提到黑暗中仍有可能追寻目标和梦想，因此B项“This reminds us that even in difficult times, we can find guidance and hope. (这提醒我们即使在困难时期，也能找到指引和希望)”符合语境，点明名言的启发，承前启后，其中的This指代前文的名言。故选B。 2．前文“When overwhelmed by uncertainty, helplessness often takes over. Yet, as Thich Naht Hanh teaches, “The only way out is in.” (当被不确定性淹没时，无助感往往会取而代之。然而，正如一行禅师所说，“唯一的出路在内。”)”提到无助感与一行禅师的“出路在内”，后文“Positive psychology shows that trusting yourself depends on cultivating inner peace and recognizing your character strengths. (积极心理学表明，信任自己取决于培养内心平静和认识到自己的性格优势)”引出培养内心平静的研究，因此C项“Inner strength allows us to shift our focus inward, finding calm amid chaos. (内在力量让我们转向内心，在混乱中找到平静)”符合语境，解释“出路在内”的含义，承前启后，其中的Inner在后文有同词复现。故选C。 3．前文“They found that those with strong trust consistently reported greater inner peace. This group excelled in three emotional character strengths — gratitude, love, and hope. (他们发现，那些有强烈信任的人总是表现出更大的内心平静。这组人在三种情感性格优势上表现出色——感恩、爱和希望)”指出研究结果为感恩、爱、希望三种特质，此处需补充对这些特质的评价，因此E项“They promote harmony and resilience, and importantly, they can be taught and developed. (它们能促进和谐、增强适应力，而且重要的是，这些能力是可以通过教学来培养和提升的。)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的gratitude, love, and hope。故选E。 4．前文“It focuses on what has already happened, requiring no invention or manipulation. (它关注的是已经发生的事情，不需要创造或操纵)”指出感恩的特点，后文“Instead of recalling only average events, asking for “three things you were grateful for yesterday” directs the brain to retrieve positive experiences. Over time, this reshapes our perspective, helping us savor moments and feel better. (问“昨天你感激的三件事”，而不是只回忆一般的事情，可以引导大脑检索积极的经历。随着时间的推移，这会重塑我们的观点，帮助我们品味时刻，感觉更好)”介绍具体的训练感恩的方法，以及这一做法的好处，因此A项“Practicing gratitude changes how our brain searches memories. (练习感恩会改变大脑搜索记忆的方式)”符合语境，点明练习感恩与大脑搜索记忆之间的关联，承前启后。故选A。 5．前一段中“By practicing gratitude, we train our minds to notice what uplifts us. This shift in perception fosters self-trust, reminding us that peace and strength lie within. (通过训练感恩，我们训练我们的大脑去注意那些让我们振奋的事情。这种观念的转变培养了自信，提醒我们内心的平静与力量)”总结感恩训练的积极效果，后文“Savor them. This simple practice opens the door to inner peace, proving that storms may rage, but stars still shine. (品味它们。这个简单的练习打开了内心平静的大门，证明了风暴可能会肆虐，但星星仍然会发光)”给出进一步的做法，并用比喻描述其效果，其中的them需指代具体内容，因此D项“Try it now: recall three experiences from the last 24 hours that made you grateful. (现在试试：回忆过去24小时中三件让你感恩的事)”符合语境，建议尝试训练感恩，承接前一段内容，引出后文，其中的three experiences是后文them指代的对象。故选D。 There’s just something about Labubu. You hear the sound of opening a blind box, see that cheeky smile and suddenly you’re attracted. But once the excitement fades, you can’t help but wonder, why do we keep chasing more, even when we already have enough? Evolutionary psychology gives us a fascinating answer. A lot of what we do comes from what once helped our ancestors survive. 1 That could mean the difference between thriving (繁荣) and going without. Over generations, we’ve been wired to find joy in having more than we require. Labubu represents a modern form of this instinct (本能). The blind-box model mirrors ancestral uncertainty: investing effort toward an uncertain payoff with the possibility of a rare, high-status “secret” find. The uncertainty of the reward activates dopamine pathways in the brain. 2 This explains why collectors sometimes keep buying long after they’ve achieved their goal. 3 When collecting remains a source of joy and social connection, it can be adaptive. Many Labubu collectors share mini furniture, and fan-made content. 4 But when over-marketing and rocketing resale prices step in, the whole environment changes. Suddenly, it’s less about the joy of owning something you love and more about showing off or reselling it for a profit. In questioning whether hoarding is simply collecting gone mad, it becomes clear that human psychology hasn’t fundamentally changed. Social media, over-marketing, and resale culture supercharge ancient drives. The challenge is to keep those drives in balance. 5 Ask yourself: Does it truly spark joy or creativity? In the end, Labubu is more than a toy. It’s a little mirror, reflecting both our ancient instincts and modern anxieties, and showing just how easily a fun hobby can tip into full-blown craze. A．Collect what brings genuine pleasure. B．But how does collecting slip into disorder? C．Buyers don’t know which figure they will get. D．Back then, collecting was about saving tools or food for later use. E．Collecting becomes a problem when possessions damage our daily life. F．It makes us “want” the experience even when we already “have” enough. G．Such are forms of self-expression that enrich rather than mess up our life. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们为何会沉迷于收集Labubu盲盒玩具的心理机制。 1．根据前文“A lot of what we do comes from what once helped our ancestors survive. (我们所做的很多事情，都是源于那些曾经帮助我们的祖先生存下来的策略。)”提到进化心理学认为人类的很多行为源于祖先的生存需求，同时结合主题“收集”这一行为，设空句应讲述祖先的收集行为。选项D“Back then, collecting was about saving tools or food for later use. (那时，收集物品主要是为了日后使用而保存工具或食物。)”承接了“祖先生存”这一语境，解释了祖先收集行为的目的。故选D项。 2．前文“The uncertainty of the reward activates dopamine pathways in the brain. (奖励的不确定性会激活大脑中的多巴胺通路。)”提到“多巴胺通路被激活”，那么设空句紧跟其后，继续讲述激活多巴胺通路导致的后果。选项F“It makes us ‘want’ the experience even when we already ‘have’ enough. (它让我们即便已经拥有了足够的东西，仍“渴望”去体验那未曾拥有的事物。)”解释了多巴胺通路被激活后的心理效果，且与后文“This explains why collectors sometimes keep buying long after they’ve achieved their goal. (这就解释了为什么收藏者有时即便已经达成目标之后，仍会继续不断地购买。)”进一步构成“因果关系”。故选F项。 3．设空句为该段的首句，应是该段的中心主旨句。该段前部内容“When collecting remains a source of joy and social connection, it can be adaptive. (当收集物品成为一种带来快乐和促进社交的活动时，它就具有一定的适应性了。)”提到“收集带来快乐时具有适应性”，而后半段“But”句内容“But when over-marketing and rocketing resale prices step in, the whole environment changes. Suddenly, it’s less about the joy of owning something you love and more about showing off or reselling it for a profit. (但一旦过度营销和飞涨的转售价格介入，整个环境就会发生改变。突然之间，人们关注的焦点不再在于拥有自己喜爱之物所带来的快乐，而更多地在于炫耀或者通过转售来获取利润。)”则讲述了关于Labubu的“过度营销、炒价”问题，将“合理收集”与“无序收集” 形成对比，从而解释了“收集如何陷入无序”。选项B“But how does collecting slip into disorder? (但收藏物品怎么会变得无序起来呢？)” 以设问引出下文对两种情况的分析，起到承上启下的作用。故选B项。 4．根据前文“Many Labubu collectors share mini furniture, and fan-made content. (许多Labubu收藏者会共享小型家具以及自制内容。)”提到了Labubu收藏者的行为，设空处应是对这些行为进行积极解读。选项G“Such are forms of self-expression that enrich rather than mess up our life. (这些自我表达的形式丰富了我们的生活，而不是把我们的生活搞砸了。)”提到了积极意义，且句中“Such”指代前文具体行为。故选G项。 5．根据后文“Ask yourself: Does it truly spark joy or creativity? (问问自己：这样做真的能带来快乐或激发创造力吗？)”提出了一个关于“Labubu收集”的本质的疑问，设空句作为前一句，应是对收集的本质进行概括总结。选项A“Collect what brings genuine pleasure. (收集能带来真正快乐的东西。)”是收集的本质概括，置于该空后，后文在逻辑表达上与其紧密衔接。故选A项。 What’s Your preferred playback Speed? Glen Powell, a Hollywood idol, likes 1x listening speed: “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate.” Bowen Yang, an American comedian, prefers his narration fast and loose. “You can round up to 2x”, though he considers 1.8x the perfect pace. Both men appeared in an advertisement by Audible, an audiobook platform, which featured various celebrities talking about the speed at which they listen to their chosen titles. 1 “I listened to your judgmental ad on 2x speed,” one TikTok user said. Some claimed to feel “shamed” by the advertisement and threatened to cancel their subscriptions. 2 . A recent survey found that 31% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 listen to audio at playback speeds faster than 1x. The time-saving benefits can be enormous. 3 If you had a ten-hour journey, you could listen to “Persuasion” in eight hours and 13 minutes at 1x speed. But, if you clicked 1.5x, you’d hear all about Anne Elliott’s exploits in five and a half hours, leaving space for “Animal Farm” and “The Little Prince”, with time to spare. 4 . The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist. Researchers looked at the test scores of students who had watched lectures back at varying speeds and found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. For audio and video platforms, there is no downside to offering different playback options. The more books or episodes a subscriber gets through, the better the advertising and sales revenues. But for listeners, the experience differs greatly between 1x and 2x. audiobook narrators hold that there’s an art of pacing, tone and suspension to reading aloud. 5 Rhetoric (修辞) often relies on rhythm and pauses for emphasis and meaning: few actors race through the soliloquies in “Hamlet”, for instance. Yet for many, to speed or not to speed is no longer a question. A．A faster pace does not seem to affect listeners’ ability to concentrate. B．If listeners speed that up too much, they’re losing that part of the performance. C．It triggered fierce debate online for implying that those who make haste are weird. D．YouTube claims that its viewers collectively save more than 900 years per day thanks to its fast-playback feature. E．The online argument points to the changing way in which audiences, particularly young ones, engage with digital media. F．Thus, while younger adults can watch videos at faster speeds without significant consequences, we advise against older adults doing so G．This may be especially important as age-related changes in cognition may necessitate adjustments to instructional videos to optimize learning. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕人们听有声书或音频时的播放速度偏好展开，介绍不同人群的选择、快放的好处与影响，以及平台和叙述者对此的不同态度。 1．上文“Both men appeared in an advertisement by Audible, an audiobook platform, which featured various celebrities talking about the speed at which they listen to their chosen titles.(两人都出现在有声书平台 Audible 的一则广告中，这则广告展示了多位名人谈论他们听所选作品时的播放速度)”介绍了Audible的广告内容，下文““I listened to your judgmental ad on 2x speed,” one TikTok user said. Some claimed to feel “shamed” by the advertisement and threatened to cancel their subscriptions.(“我用两倍速听完了你们这条带有评判意味的广告，” 一位抖音用户表示。一些人声称被这则广告 “羞辱”，并威胁要取消订阅)”提到TikTok用户对广告的负面反馈，因此空格处需体现广告引发的争议，选项C“它因暗示 “做事匆忙的人很怪异”，在网上引发了激烈争论。。”符合题意，选项中的it指代广告，triggered fierce debate online引出下文用户的负面反馈。故选C。 2．下文“A recent survey found that 31% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 listen to audio at playback speeds faster than 1x. (最近的一项调查发现，在18岁至29岁的美国人中，31%的人以超过1倍的播放速度收听音频)”提到 18-29 岁美国人中31% 用超1倍速听音频，空格处需过渡到“快放成为部分人群习惯”这一现象，连接争议与数据。选项 E“这场网上争论表明，受众（尤其是年轻受众）与数字媒体互动的方式正在发生变化。”承上启下。故选E。 3．上文“The time-saving benefits can be enormous.(节省时间的好处可能是巨大的)”强调快放省时间的好处，下文通过10小时旅程中不同倍速听书的例子具体说明省时间，空格处需用具体事例或数据佐证“省时间”，呼应下文例子。选项D“YouTube 称，得益于其快放功能，用户每天总共节省的时间超过900年。” 直接佐证time-saving benefits，符合逻辑。故选D。 4．下文“The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that, says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist. Researchers looked at the test scores of students who had watched lectures back at varying speeds and found that up to 1.5x there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x.(认知科学家马库斯·皮尔斯说，人的平均说话速度约为每分钟150个单词，但大多数人的大脑处理信息的速度都比这快。研究人员观察了以不同速度观看讲座的学生的考试成绩，发现当播放速度达到1.5倍时，他们的表现并没有太大差异，尽管当播放速度接近或超过2倍时，分数开始明显下降)”说明大脑能快速处理信息，1.5倍速内不影响表现，空格处需概括 “快放不影响注意力或表现总起下文内容。选项A“更快的速度似乎并不影响听众的专注能力。”符合题意。故选A 5．上文“But for listeners, the experience differs greatly between 1x and 2x. audiobook narrators hold that there’s an art of pacing, tone and suspension to reading aloud.(但对于听众来说，1 倍速和 2 倍速下的收听体验差异巨大。有声书朗读者认为，大声朗读存在一门关于节奏、语气和悬念设置的艺术)”讲叙述者重视朗读的艺术感，由此推测空格处需体现“快放破坏这种艺术感”，选项B“如果听众把速度调得太快，他们就会失去表演中的这部分。”符合语境，与上文衔接自然。故选B。 The Art of Reading Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. 1 The man who does not have the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, with respect to (就……而言) time and space. From this prison, there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world. If it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers in the world. 2 . Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their body prison. But there is more to it than this. 3 . Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person and reading about them in books, for then the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Song poet. He said, “A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.” What he means is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading. 4 5 . This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. As for the flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing. A．And only reading with this object can be called an art. B．When the mood for reading comes, one can read anywhere. C．The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. D．Such an understanding of the art of reading completely excludes the idea of reading as a duty or as an obligation. E．Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then the only admissible kind of reading. F．This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does. G．This talker leads him on and carries him into a different world or discusses with him some aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过对比阅读者与非阅读者的精神世界，探讨阅读的深层价值，最终提出“阅读即艺术”的核心观点。 1．设空位于首段段尾，是对前文的总结并引出后文，根据前文“Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege.(阅读或享受书籍一直被认为是有教养的人生活的魅力之一，并受到那些很少给自己这种特权的人的尊重和嫉妒)”以及后文内容可知，主要讲述阅读和不阅读的人的对比，所以F项“This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.(当我们比较一个不读书的人和一个读书的人的生活之间的差异时，这一点很容易理解)”承接上文，引出下文。故选F项。 2．根据前文“But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world. If it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers in the world.(但当他拿起一本书时，他立刻进入了一个不同的世界。如果是一本好书，他就会立刻和世界上最健谈的人联系上)”可知，此处讲述，当人们阅读好书时，会立刻和世界上最健谈的人联系上，所以G项“This talker leads him on and carries him into a different world or discusses with him some aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about.(这个谈话者引导他前进，带他进入一个不同的世界，或者与他讨论一些读者所不了解的生活方面)”是对前文的进一步说明，符合文意，其中talker为同词复现。故选G项。 3．根据前文“But there is more to it than this.(但事情远不止于此)”可知，后文应讲述阅读其他方面的好处，根据后文“Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person and reading about them in books, for then the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events.(即使是一本关于与物理学有关的事件的书，亲眼看到这些事件和从书中读到这些事件还是有区别的，因为那样读者就变成了一个超然的旁观者。因此，最好的阅读是引导我们进入沉思的心境，而不是仅仅被事件的报道所占据)”可知，本段讲述最好的阅读是引导我们进入沉思的心境，所以C项“The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection.(读者总是被带进一个思想和反思的世界)”符合本段主题。故选C项。 4．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, “A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.” What he means is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading.(在我看来，关于读书目的的最佳阐释，当属宋人黄庭坚所言。他曾叹道：“士三日不读，则其言无味，其容可憎。”其意乃在说明，读书能滋养人的谈吐与气质，恰是读书的真正旨归)”可知，本段主要讲述读书的目的，所以A项“And only reading with this object can be called an art.(唯怀此目的而读书，方堪称一门艺术)”是对前文的总结。故选A项。 5．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. As for the flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.(这种外表的魅力显然必须被解释为身体美以外的东西。至于说话的味道，完全取决于一个人的阅读方式。如果一个读者得到了书的味道，他就会在他的谈话中表现出这种味道，如果他在谈话中有味道，他也会在他的写作中有味道)”可知，本段主要讲述读书对外表魅力和说话的味道的影响，所以E项“Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then the only admissible kind of reading.(为培养个人的外表魅力和言谈情趣而读书，则是唯一可以接受的一种读书)”符合本段主题。故选E项。 Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction. 1 By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable. We can divide daily activities into four categories: Pleasing, Living, Agonizing, and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. 2 In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. 3 They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice. 4 The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses (剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax. 5 Once you've reflected on how you spend your time, aim for one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do more — perhaps a short walk, trying something new, or working on a project aligned with your values. Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A．Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B．The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C．Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed. D．These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E．Unlike Pleasing activities, Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention. F．But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G．While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．G 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍日常活动的四类划分与特点，建议用有意义活动替代消耗性活动。 1．根据上文“Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction.(现代生活为我们提供了无数种打发日子的方式，但并非所有活动都能带来相同的满足感。)”以及下文“By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable.(通过了解我们所参与的不同类型的活动，我们可以做出更有意的选择，创造一种既有意义又充满乐趣的生活。)”可知，空处应承接上文“并非所有活动满足感相同”，并引出下文“不同类型活动”，C选项“Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed.(有些活动能立即让我们振奋，有些会给我们带来挑战，而有些则在不知不觉中让我们疲惫不堪。)”具体说明了不同活动的不同影响，符合“不同类型活动”的语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。 2．根据上文“Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello.(愉悦型活动是低投入、高回报的时刻。它们几乎不需要计划或时间——比如在大自然中散步、听自己喜欢的播放列表，或者打电话给朋友只是打个招呼。)”以及下文“In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures.(事实上，最能恢复精力的体验往往来自这些微小的日常乐趣。)”中的“In reality”可知，空处应讲述人们对这些日常愉悦活动的错误看法，D选项“These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event.(这些简单的快乐常常被忽视，因为人们认为乐趣必须涉及一件大事。)”既指代上文提到的“在大自然中散步”等简单愉悦活动，又与下文内容形成对比，符合语境。故选D项。 3．根据下文“They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth.(起初它们可能会让人觉得有挑战性，但它们与你的价值观相符，并能给你带来强烈的意义感。这可能是学习一项新技能，或者通过完成一个高要求的项目走出自己的舒适区。这样的体验比愉悦型活动需要更多的努力，但它们会让你感觉更有活力，对个人成长至关重要。)”可知，本段介绍的活动类型具有“有挑战性、符合价值观、促进个人成长”的特点，结合前文已介绍“Pleasing activities”，此处应是介绍第二类活动“Living activities”，A选项“Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits.(成长型活动是那些能让你突破自我极限的活动。)”既点明了活动类型，又“突破自我极限”与下文“有挑战性、走出舒适区”相呼应，符合语境，可作本段小标题。故选A项。 4．根据上文“In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice.(与这些令人满足的体验相反，煎熬型活动是那些你觉得必须做但却会耗尽你精力且几乎带不来乐趣的活动。它们可能包括不愉快的任务、自我强加的义务，或者如果可以选择你会避免的家务。)”以及下文“The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful.(我们的目标不是消除所有煎熬型活动，而是改进你处理它们的方式，让它们不那么消耗精力或更具目的性。)”可知，空处应围绕“煎熬型活动是否可消除”展开，G选项“While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly.(虽然有些是不可避免的，但当你诚实地审视它们时，很多其实是可以选择的。)”既承认了部分煎熬型活动的必然性，又说明部分可选择，与下文“不是消除所有”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据上文“Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses(剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax.(消磨型活动不需要太多努力，但也提供不了多少满足感。这些活动包括无意识地刷社交媒体、看平庸的娱乐节目，或者在不紧急的情况下反复查看收件箱。少量进行时，这类活动是无害的放松方式。)”可知，空处应讲述“大量进行消磨型活动”的负面影响，F选项“But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires.(但随着时间的推移，它们会取代有意义的体验，让你偏离真正的渴望。)”中“over time”与上文“in small doses”形成对比，“取代有意义的体验”点明了负面影响，符合语境。故选F项。 Get Moving When a Storm Threatens When a storm is forecast to impact your area, take action immediately to be ready. Ideally, longer-term preparedness actions such as having disaster supplies and an evacuation plan will have already been done before hurricane season, when the stores are stocked and time is on your side. 1 Protect your home. While longer-term home improvement needs to be done well ahead of time, when a storm threatens there are short-term actions to help protect your property. Board up windows, secure loose outdoor items, and secure all exterior doors. 2 If you are evacuating, unplug electrical equipment such as radios, televisions and small appliances (freezers and refrigerators also need to be unplugged if there is a risk of flooding). If you are instructed to do so, shut off water, gas and electricity before leaving. Determine sheltering options and consider your pets. 3 If you have pets, find a place where they can stay — most public shelters only allow service animals. In general, have multiple sheltering options, including distant ones such as a friend’s home outside of the impact area, or a motel. Depending on the circumstances, your home may need to be your shelter — make sure it is prepared and that you know the safest places inside. Ready your go-bag. Have a go bag ready to take things with you if you need to leave in a hurry. In addition to basic survival needs, don’t forget other supplies such as chargers and hygiene products. 4 While preparing these basic needs, don’t forget to keep your phone charged. Your go-bag should also contain important personal and property documents, including your written communication plan. Help your neighbors, especially the elderly and other vulnerable people. Many people rely on their neighbors before and after a disaster, and there are many ways you can help them. Help them prepare for a storm, and help them evacuate if needed. 5 Follow evacuation orders if given. Always follow evacuation orders from local authorities — don’t wait for a hurricane to intensify before deciding to follow the order. You want to leave early enough to avoid being trapped by severe weather. A．Plan to have enough for at least three days. B．When a storm threatens, there’s a lot more to do. C．Take action today to be better prepared for when the worst happens. D．Move your vehicle to a safe location if you’re not using it to evacuate. E．Check with local officials to find out what shelter spaces are available. F．Unplug electrical equipment and check to see if any neighbors need a ride. G．Share the latest forecast information with them so that they know what to expect. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．A 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍风暴来袭前的应对措施，包括提前做好长期准备，以及保护家园、确定避难所、备应急包、助邻居和遵守疏散指令等即时行动。 1．根据上文“When a storm is forecast to impact your area, take action immediately to be ready. Ideally, longer-term preparedness actions such as having disaster supplies and an evacuation plan will have already been done before hurricane season, when the stores are stocked and time is on your side.(当预报有风暴将影响您所在的地区时，请立即采取行动做好准备。理想情况下，在飓风季来临之前（那时商店已备足物资且时间充裕），您应该已经完成了诸如储备应急物资和制定疏散计划等长期的准备工作)”可知，前文提到飓风季节前应完成长期准备，如储备物资和制定疏散计划。下文则开始介绍风暴来临时的具体行动，故B选项“当风暴来袭时，需要做更多的准备工作”符合语境，故选B。 2．根据上文“Protect your home. While longer-term home improvement needs to be done well ahead of time, when a storm threatens there are short-term actions to help protect your property. Board up windows, secure loose outdoor items, and secure all exterior doors.(保护您的家园。虽然长期的房屋修缮工作需要提前做好规划，但在风暴来袭时，仍有一些短期措施可以帮助保护您的房产。用木板封住窗户，固定好散落的户外物品，并确保所有外门都处于安全状态)”可知，本段围绕“保护家园”展开，前文提到封窗、固定户外物品等，后文提及疏散时拔掉电器插头。本句也应该说明保护家园的具体行动，故D选项“如果您的车辆不再用于撤离，请将其移至安全地点”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“Determine sheltering options and consider your pets.(确定避难方案，并考虑到您的宠物)”以及后文“If you have pets, find a place where they can stay — most public shelters only allow service animals. In general, have multiple sheltering options, including distant ones such as a friend’s home outside of the impact area, or a motel. Depending on the circumstances, your home may need to be your shelter — make sure it is prepared and that you know the safest places inside.(如果你养了宠物，要为它们找一个可以寄养的地方——大多数公共收容所只允许服务性动物入住。一般来说，要准备多个收容方案，包括在受影响区域之外的较远地方（比如朋友家）或者旅馆。根据具体情况，你的家可能也需要成为你的避难所——要确保家里已经做好准备，并且清楚知道屋内最安全的地方在哪里)”可知，本段主题是“确定避难选择并考虑宠物”，后文提到宠物的安置以及多种避难选项。E选项“向当地官员咨询可用的避难所空间”直接对应“确定避难选择”这一核心，为后文介绍不同避难方式做铺垫。故选E。 4．根据上文“Ready your go-bag. Have a go bag ready to take things with you if you need to leave in a hurry. In addition to basic survival needs, don’t forget other supplies such as chargers and hygiene products.(准备好你的应急包。提前准备好应急包，以便在需要紧急离开时能携带必需品。除了基本的生存所需物品外，别忘了其他诸如充电器和卫生用品之类的物品)”以及后文“While preparing these basic needs, don’t forget to keep your phone charged. Your go-bag should also contain important personal and property documents, including your written communication plan.(在准备这些基本物品时，别忘了给手机充电。你的随身包里还应该装有重要的个人和财产文件，比如你的书面沟通计划)”可知，本段围绕“准备应急包”展开，前文提到应急包需包含生存必需品、充电器等。A选项“计划准备至少足够三天使用的物资”是对前文应急包物资准备的补充说明，符合逻辑。故选A。 5．根据上文“Help your neighbors, especially the elderly and other vulnerable people. Many people rely on their neighbors before and after a disaster, and there are many ways you can help them. Help them prepare for a storm, and help them evacuate if needed.(帮助你的邻居们，尤其是那些老年人和其他弱势群体。在灾难发生前后，很多人都会依赖他们的邻居。你可以通过多种方式来帮助他们，比如帮助他们做好防风准备，或者在必要时帮助他们撤离)”可知，本段主题是“帮助邻居，尤其是老人和弱势群体”，前文提到帮助他们准备风暴和疏散。G选项“与他们分享最新的天气预报信息，让他们知道该期待什么”属于帮助邻居的具体做法，与段落主题一致。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $