精品解析：上海市华东模范中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

华东模范中学2025年12月阶段测试 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 10分 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Great Friendship Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government,___1___(develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were____2____(share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months_____3_____he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death. "The friendship which _____4_____(exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me ___5___(believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with_____6_____single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to____7____ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.” A week later, Madison replied. “You cannot look back_____8_____ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. ___9___they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public goodand I have confidence ____10____ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.” 【答案】1. developing 2. shared 3. before 4. has existed 5. to believe 6. a 7. which 8. to/on 9. If 10. that 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了历史上的一段伟大的友谊。托马斯·杰斐逊和詹姆斯·麦迪逊在1776年相识，他们开始了美国革命，制定政府的新计划，发展了一段长达50年的亲密友谊，双方都有共同的目地。杰斐逊去世前写信给他的老朋友，他们的信的内容使我们牢记：朋友是至死不渝的。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词，逻辑主语they和develop之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填developing。 【2题详解】 考查被动语态。由句子结构和were可知，此处是被动语态。故填shared。 【3题详解】 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词，再结合句意此处应译为 “在他去世之前他给挚友写信”，“在……之前”是before。故填before。 【4题详解】 考查时态。根据for half a century判断此处用现在完成时，主语which指代the friendship，故是第三人称单数。故填has existed。 【5题详解】 考查不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处考查句型：it is +adj/n +to do sth（做某事是……）其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to believe。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填冠词，再结合上下文此处应译为“一种单一而敏锐的眼神”，又single是辅音音素开头，故填a。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词system在从句to____7____ our lives have been devoted充当宾语，应用关系代词，故填which。 8题详解】 考查介词。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语look back to/on回顾。故填to/on。 【9题详解】 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词，再结合句意“如果它们对于你来说是快乐的源泉，那么于我也是如此”。故填If。 【10题详解】 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处填连词，再结合句意可知confidence之后的从句是对它起补充作用，故此处是同位语从句，从句成分完整，故用that引导。故填that。 Section B 10分 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, ___11___ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK ___12___ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic ___13___. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) ___14___ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage. Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to ___15___ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites. Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of ___16___ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also ___17___ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was ___18___ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging ___19___ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark. Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and ___20___ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them. 【答案】11. J 12. G 13. B 14. A 15. K 16. D 17. H 18. F 19. C 20. I 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了志愿者、热心人士以及休闲潜水员等各界人士对马恩岛的环境和海洋动物保护所做的巨大贡献。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在19世纪科学专业化之前，业余博物学家收集信息，帮助我们了解自然世界。修饰名词naturalists用形容词，根据“Before science became professionalized in the 19th century”可知此处表示“业余的”，故填J。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：2009年的一项研究发现，近50%的英国家庭饲养野生鸟类。此处缺少名词作主语，根据“feed wild birds”可知此处表示“家庭”，故填G。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：全国信托基金会有500多万会员，6万名志愿者积极帮助保护农村和历史遗产。作动词protect的宾语用名词，historic properties表示“历史遗产”，故填B。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：现在，我们的环境可以说正面临前所未有的威胁，物种正以惊人的速度减少，志愿者再次站在了限制破坏的前沿。修饰名词rate用形容词，根据“with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever”可知此处表示“惊人的”，故填A。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：多亏了这样的举措，该岛与加拉帕戈斯、美国黄石公园、澳大利亚乌鲁鲁和其他数百个地点享有联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区的地位。作Thanks to的宾语用名词，根据“At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours.”可知此处表示“举措”，故填K。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们监测入侵物种的扩散，并记录本土物种的反应。修饰名词species用形容词，根据“and record how native species respond”可知此处表示“入侵的”，故填D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：潜水员还记录了海洋垃圾和其他人类影响的水平。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“levels of marine litter and other human impacts”可知此处表示“记录”，故填H。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：上世纪80年代和90年代的一个公民科学姥鲨项目的工作有助于将这些鲨鱼列入英国的保护物种名单，而卫星标记则显示了首次有记录的姥鲨横渡大西洋。此处缺少形容词作表语，根据“ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK,”可知此处表示“有帮助的”，be instrumental in表示“有助于”，故填F。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark”可知此处表示“揭示”，故填C。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为一群生活在海湾沿岸的潜水员和关心此事的居民，他们把他们的运动带到了国家和国际舞台上，并继续激励那些在面对对他们重要的地方受到威胁时可能感到无能为力的人。修饰名词residents用形容词，根据“on the shores of the bay”可知此处表示“关心的”，故填I。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15分 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work____21____with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their____22____. If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the____23____of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness. As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school ____24____, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms,_____25_____samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences,_____26_____looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make ____27____about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the ____28____ and comparability of school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong). In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’_____29_____and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_______30_______, the acquisition of workplace skills and the________31________to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a _______32_______lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspections both saw and ________33________. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert ______34______and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be______35______ if they are not improved. 21. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully 22. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices 23. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements 24. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration 25. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying 26. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as 27. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions 28. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support 29. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest 30. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits 31. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent 32. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique 33. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded 34. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations 35. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled down 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过这篇文章作者向我们介绍了判断学校的标准是学校是否承担起了发展组织学生的责任，素质教育的实施不仅取决于教师的知识和技能，而且取决于他们工作的环境。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：学校需要提供一个连贯的课程，侧重于高层次的思维和表现，跨学科领域和年级，教师与学生密切合作的时间，以实现富有挑战性的目标,教师有机会互相计划，相互学习，并有规律地评估他们的实践结果。A. occasionally偶尔地；B．closely紧密地；C．strictly严格地；D．peacefully和平地。根据语言表达习惯 “密切合作” 。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. challenges挑战；B．competence能力；C．curriculum课程；D．practices 练习，实践。根据下文schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness可知此处用practice（原词复现）。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如医院有常设的工作委员会，定期开会看评估数据，讨论工作各方面的有效性，学校也必须有规律的检查他们的实践和有效性。A. effectiveness 效率；B．faults错误；C．progress进步；D．requirements要求。根据下文schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness可知，此处填effectiveness（原词复现）。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如Richard Rothstein和他的同事们在分级教育中所描述的：获得问责制的权利，学校层面的问责制可以得到学校检查的支持，像许多其他国家一样，那些受过训练的专家花了好几天的时间访问教室，检查学生情况，并采访学生们以了解他们的理解和经历，以及查看客观的数据，如考试成绩、毕业率等。A．instruction指令；B．protection保护；C．inspection 视察，检查；D．consideration考虑；根据下文 In some cases，principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms 可知此处填inspection（同根词复现）。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A．taking带走； B．improving 提高；C．examining检查，考试；D．copying复制。联系上下文此处用“专家访问教室，检查作业，采访学生”符合语境和常识。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：同上。 A．as far as远到……； B．rather than 而不是；C．other than 除了；D．as well as 和，也，除……之外，还。联系上下文可知检察员到学校做了很多事，其中包括查看客观数据。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样，检查员就能对校长的教学和监督能力做出判断。A．judgments判断；B．decisions 决定；C．inquiries调查；D．suggestions 建议。联系上文可知，检查员查看了学校的各方面，那么之后就可以对校长的能力做出判断，符合语境。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如前所述，检查员也可以在确保校本评估的质量和可比性方面发挥作用（如英国和澳洲），以及在学校内部评核即平和程序发挥作用（如香港）。A．quantity数量；B．quality质量；C．instruction指令；D．support 支持。根据下文schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports可知，此处填quality(原词复现)。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家的检查制度中，根据教学质量和其他服务和支持，以及学生在各种方面的表现和进步来评定学校，包括和超越学术领域，如课外，个人和社会责任，工作场所技能的获得以及鼓励学生采取安全实践和健康生活方式的程度。A education教育；B．performance表现；C．attention注意力；D．interest兴趣。联系实际，用学生的表现和进步评定学校，符合逻辑。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. responsibility责任；B．structure构造；C．resources 资源；D. benefits利益。联系上下文此处理解为 “个人和社会责任感” 符合语境和语言表达习惯。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A．frequency频繁；B．consistence一致性；C．satisfaction满意；D．extent 程度。联系上下文此处译为“安全实践和健康生活方式的程度”符合语境。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A．comparable可比的；B．healthy健康的；C．different 不同的；D．unique独一无二的。由safe practice 和and 判断此处应填和safe感情色彩相同的词。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校被评为是否通过检查，需要适度改进，或需要认真的干预，根据督察看到的和推荐的，他们得到了广泛的反馈。A．appreciated欣赏；B．criticized批评；C．recommended推荐；D．rewarded奖励。联系实际，督察就看到的情况给学校建议或推荐，以达到让学校变得更好的目的。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要干预的学校会得到更多专家的关注和支持，并被安排在更频繁的访问日程上。A．attention注意力；B．program节目； C． evaluation评估； D． explanations 解释。根据and和support判断此处应选择和support感情色彩一致，且符合语境的名词，故此处用attention，“得到更多的关注和支持”符合语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一直没通过的，可以置于地方政府控制之下，如果不改善，可以关闭。A．set down写下；B．put down 扑灭，镇压；C．closed down关闭；D．pulled down 毁坏。联系上下文，此处指不按要求整改的最坏结果——关闭。故选C项。 Section B 22分 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to? Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far form their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth. Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question“did you steal Fatima’s bag?”，they may answer with something like“Fatima is my friend, why would I do that?”in this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying. Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying. It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold. Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it doesn’t mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often. 36. By saying“Liars also use deflection.”，the writer means that liars may ______. A. tell great stories B. change tone of voice C. ask a question in reply D. avoid direct answers 37. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ___. A. offers more information than necessary B. appears to be shy or nervous C. changes the subject of the conversation D. speaks very fast and vaguely 38 Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies B. we can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation C. liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking D. we make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation 39. The passage mainly talks about ____. A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies C. how to detect lies D. what to do with liars 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以通过一些技巧来判断人是否在撒谎，但有时也要避免误用，不要把害羞和紧张当作撒谎。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。题目问：作者说Liars also use deflection意味着说撒谎者可能会做什么？第三段中“For example, if you ask a liar the question“did you steal Fatima’s bag?”，……but they are also not answering the question. ”，提到撒谎者没有回答这个问题，故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章，一个人如果做什么就是在撒谎？第四段中“Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. ”撒谎者会给出太多细节，他们会过度解释事情，选项A是提供比必需的要多的信息，符合题干，故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。第三段：“It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you.…… silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. ……which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.”。如果你要创设一种安静氛围，撒谎者就会感到困难，他们得不到你对他们编织故事的反馈，这就叫撒谎不攻自破，D选项符合文章所给的细节，故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。文章介绍了从肢体语言、谈话内容、谈话题材到谈话氛围如何去识别人是不是在撒谎，第一段最后一句：“But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to?”，提示了文章主旨，选项C符合文章主旨，故选C。 (B) More On: Go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying? ----------------------- How to handle stress at work ------------------------ How can men and women work better together? ------------------------ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume? ------------------------ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday party Letter 1 January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond? The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend. Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer? The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”. 40. What is discussed in the first letter? A. How to ask questions in a polite way. B. How to respond to a false charge. C. How to make a correction at work. D. How to handle rude mass emails at work. 41. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________. A. talking about your family issues in public B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss D. bragging about your experience to your partner 42. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________. A. career choices B. social relationships C. working problems D. health problems 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，就两封信所反映工作中的问题给出了针对性的建议。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文体特点可知本文是针对来信反映的问题给出建议，根据Letter 1中的“If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary.”可知，第一封反映的问题是如果一个业务员有问题或有需要改正的地方，他工作的单位会给整个部门发电子邮件，在他看来，这是粗鲁和不必要的，再结合回复中的 “I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend.”可知，我不同意电子邮件只用于好消息或中性消息。有时候你需要提醒人们或者创造一个坏消息的记录。但是没有人应该用电子邮件来责怪别人。如果你和某人有问题，拿起电话或带到外面（喝杯咖啡，而不是拳打脚踢…天哪）。至于如何回复，电子邮件通常对解决冲突无效。与发信人交谈，解释为什么他/她的方法不是最好的，以及你推荐的方法，由此可知，第一封信主要讨论的是如何处理工作中粗鲁的群发邮件，故D项正确。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Letter 2中的 “but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right? ”可知，格雷格认为找工作就像约会，你不会约别人出去解释你对现在的关系感到无聊，对吧？也就是说她认为，在面试中表达你对目前工作的不满，就像在第一次约会时抱怨你的前任一样，故B项正确。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据Letter 1中的“If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary.”可知，第一封信给出了如何处理工作中粗鲁的群发邮件的建议，根据Letter 2中的“What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer?”可知，第二封信给出的是换工作时怎样向新老板解释你换工作的原因而又不显得轻浮和不抱怨现在的老板的建议，这两封信反映的都是工作中的问题，因此go to greg向人们提供如何处理工作中的问题的建议，故C项正确。 【点睛】本篇第3题推理判断题难度较大，抓住两封信所反映的问题是关键，根据Letter 1中的“If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary.”可知，第一封信给出了如何处理工作中粗鲁的群发邮件的建议，根据Letter 2中的“What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer?”可知，第二封信给出的是换工作时怎样向新老板解释你换工作的原因而又不显得轻浮和不抱怨现在的老板的建议，这两封信反映的都是工作中的问题，因此go to greg向人们提供如何处理工作中的问题的建议。 (C) Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair. But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits. It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to. Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine. The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.” 43. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean? A. turn oneself around casually B. fall down to the ground carelessly C. lose ones temper suddenly D. shout and complain loudly 44. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room? A. He was reluctant to listen to his mother B. He couldn't focus on anything for a while. C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took. D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother. 45. The passage is chiefly concerned with . A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHD B. the precise definition of the disease ADHD C. Dusty’s experiences in his childhood and college D. Karenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past years B. Dusty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college. C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease. D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了达斯丁·纳什与卡琳·布隆明显的注意力缺陷症状，脾气异常暴躁，不能够集中自己的注意力。 【43题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion.可知，他又哭又踢，他50-lb.的每块肌肉都在剧烈运动，故推测他在发脾气。C. lose one’s temper suddenly（突然发脾气）符合以上说法。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).可知，Nash是因为患了一种注意力缺陷多动障碍，无法集中精力才把家里弄乱的。B. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.（他暂时不能集中精力做任何事情）符合以上说法。故选B项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)可知文章前面三个自然段主要描写了Nash的ADHD症状，根据Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD.可知文章的后面两个自然段主要描写了Karenne的ADHD症状，故本文主要关注的是ADHD症状。A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHD（多动症的明显症状）符合以上说法。故选A项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”可知Karenne在过去38年里都认为自己是坏人，现在她开始改写她以为自己是谁的录音带，即现在才了解自己。D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.（Karenne直到被诊断出多动症才真正了解自己）符合以上说法。故选D项。 Section C 8分 Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Minoans: A Forgotten People The first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Knossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths. ____47____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture. From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____48____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture. Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____49____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons (图符) show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods. An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor (装饰品). ____50____ The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island. A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts. B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade. C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized. D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture. E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth. F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章主要围绕古希腊的米诺斯文化展开，通过考古发现的相关证据，对米诺斯文化的各个方面进行介绍和说明。 【47题详解】 前文“This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.(这激发了亚瑟·埃文斯开始在希腊大陆附近的克里特岛上挖掘。在克博索斯的一次挖掘中，埃文斯发现了一座古老的宫殿。专家认为这是米诺斯国王的宫殿，他是许多希腊神话中的中心人物。)”讲述了亚瑟·埃文斯受考古发现启发在克里特岛挖掘，找到了一座被认为是米诺斯国王的宫殿。后文“With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.(与他的团队一起，他发现了一个巨大的结构，各种各样的艺术作品，以及许多象形文字的记录。这些发现，加上后来的发现，构成了专家们对米诺斯文化的全部了解。)”提到他和团队发掘出了巨大的建筑结构、多样的艺术品和许多象形文字记录。选项D“The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture. (埃文斯一个世纪前发掘的宫殿是米诺斯文化的第一个证据)”，既承接了前文埃文斯发掘宫殿的内容，又引出了后文基于此次发掘所获取的关于米诺斯文化的更多发现。故选D项。 【48题详解】 前文“In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade.(此外，米诺斯人还拥有一支高度发达的海军舰队，可以进行长途贸易。)”提到米诺斯人拥有高度发达的海军舰队用于长途贸易，后文“These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.(这些记录证实了商业在文化中的核心作用。)”说这些记录证实了商业在文化中的核心地位。选项F“Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts. (虽然尚未破译，但泥板上的文字似乎列出了贸易账目)”，其中的“贸易账目”与前文的“贸易”相呼应，同时“记录”也与后文的“这些记录”相衔接，解释了能证实商业核心地位的记录是什么。故选F项。 【49题详解】 前文“Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.(他们对证据的分析也为了解米诺斯社会的某些方面提供了见解。)”可知，空格处应该提到专家们对解米诺斯社会的见解。所以B项“Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade. (专家认为一位国王和主要是女性祭司统治着政府并控制着贸易) 填入空格处，与上文是顺接关系。且后文“Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.(废墟和艺术品表明，所有阶层的人都享有高度的社会和性别平等。宗教图符表明，米诺斯人崇拜公牛、自然世界和许多女神。)”提到遗迹和艺术品表明各个阶层的人都享有高度的社会和性别平等，宗教图符显示米诺斯人崇拜公牛、自然世界和许多女性神灵，其中的“性别平等”以及“崇拜许多女性神灵”与B项中的“女性祭司”相呼应。故选B项。 【50题详解】 前文“An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor. (米诺斯文化的一个独特特征是对休闲兴趣的追求。体育和视觉艺术是米诺斯人生活的核心。拳击和跳牛 (一种参与者跃过活牛的运动) 十分流行。尽管跳牛可能具有一定的仪式目的，但专家认为其主要还是为了娱乐。同样，虽然部分艺术作品展现了政治和宗教主题，但其他作品仅作为悦目的装饰。)”介绍了米诺斯文化对休闲娱乐的追求，如拳击、跳牛等体育活动以及视觉艺术，提到跳牛和部分艺术作品主要是为了娱乐。选项A“Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts. (一些专家认为从贸易中获得的财富使得人们能够在体育和艺术方面享受这样的休闲时光)”，解释了米诺斯人能够追求休闲娱乐的经济基础，与前文关于休闲娱乐的内容相呼应。故选A项。 IV. Summary Writing 10分 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Workaholic Economy Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress. There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure. Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder. For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People actually work more hours than before despite the increased productivity. On one hand, it’s because the payment distribution system makes it economical for companies to have employees work overtime than hiring more people. On the other hand, employees tend to work long hours because their working time is linked to their contribution to the firm. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括尽管生产力提高了，但人们实际工作的时间比以前多了。一方面，这是因为薪酬分配制度使得公司让员工加班比雇佣更多的人更经济；另一方面，员工倾向于长时间工作，因为他们的工作时间与他们对公司的贡献有关，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 V. Translation 15分 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。(provide) ________________ 【答案】The Spring outing provided students with an opportunity for relaxation. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“春游”表达为Spring outing，作主语，此处为特指，应用定冠词修饰；provide sb with sth表示“为某人提供某物”，语境表明事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，“放松的机会”可表达为an opportunity for relaxation。故翻译为：The Spring outing provided students with an opportunity for relaxation. 53. 缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一。(face) ________________ 【答案】Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges the government is facing. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。“缩小贫富差距”是reduce the gap between rich and poor，作主语，应用reduce的动名词形式，句子陈述客观事实，因此动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；“政府面临的”处理为修饰“挑战”的定语从句，先行词为challenges，于关系词在从句中作facing的宾语，应该用关系代词that或which，也可省略，故翻译为：Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges the government is facing. 54. 我们理所当然地认为充分利用有限的时间能帮助你适应快节奏的现代生活。(take) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We take it for granted that making the most of limited time can help you adapt to the fast-paced modern life. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“我们”应用we；表示“理所当然地认为”应用take it for granted that…，it为形式宾语，that引导宾语从句；表示“充分利用”应用make the most of，此处为动名词短语作主语；表示“能”应用can；表示“帮助某人做某事”应用help sb do sth，位于情态动词后，help使用动词原形；表示“你”应用you；表示“适应”应用adapt to；表示“快节奏的现代生活”应用the fast-paced modern life。故翻译成：We take it for granted that making the most of limited time can help you adapt to the fast-paced modern life. 55. 毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决。(remain) ________________ 【答案】Without doubt, a number of problems remain to be solved before the mass production and large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。without doubt表示“毫无疑问”，“很多问题”是a number of problems，作主语；remain to be done表示“有待于……”，作谓语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“解决”是solve，和主语problems之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式；“在……之前”用介词before；“无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用”可表达为the mass production and large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles。故翻译为：Without doubt, a number of problems remain to be solved before the mass production and large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles. VI. Guided Writing 25分 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生张华，你的朋友李明来信。在信中他提到他母亲不论在旅游时还是在生活中，总是未经许可就把他的照片发到微信朋友圈（WeChat Moments),这让他十分烦恼。请你写一封回信，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。 【答案】Dear Li Ming， Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much. You mentioned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission. However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you. In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out together. For example, if you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos after speaking to you. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like. The key to the issue is always communication. That's all. Please let me know if you have further questions. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Zhang Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封回信，就李明的烦恼，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。 结构：总分法    总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 说明写信目的：提建议 2. 具体内容： 1）建议与妈妈交流 2）要求妈妈在征求你的意见后在传照片 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） worry about；without your permission；in my opinion；communicate with；be able to； for example；ask sb. to do 第三步：连词成句 1. Thank you for your email and I think you should not worry about this matter too much. 2. You mentioned that your mother would post your photos on WeChat Moments without your permission. 3. You did not tell me what exactly annoys you. 4. Whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother. 5. Tell her about your feelings and you should be able to work this out together. 6. If you feel insecure about having your pictures shared, you can kindly ask her to post those photos after speaking to you. 7. As teenagers, it is normal to feel upset when your parents are doing something you do not like. 8. The key to the issue is always communication. 9. Please let me know if you have further questions. 10. Looking forward to your reply. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：However, you did not tell me what exactly annoys you.这句话运用了what引导的名词性从句，In my opinion, whatever the reason is, you should try to communicate with your mother.这句话运用了whatever引导的让步状语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如worry about；without your permission；in my opinion；communicate with；be able to；for example；ask sb. to do 等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 华东模范中学2025年12月阶段测试 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 10分 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Great Friendship Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government,___1___(develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were____2____(share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months_____3_____he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death. "The friendship which _____4_____(exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me ___5___(believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with_____6_____single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to____7____ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.” A week later, Madison replied. “You cannot look back_____8_____ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. ___9___they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public goodand I have confidence ____10____ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.” Section B 10分 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, ___11___ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK ___12___ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic ___13___. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) ___14___ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage. Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to ___15___ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites. Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of ___16___ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also ___17___ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was ___18___ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging ___19___ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark. Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and ___20___ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them. III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15分 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work____21____with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their____22____. If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the____23____of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness. As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school ____24____, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms,_____25_____samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences,_____26_____looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make ____27____about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the ____28____ and comparability of school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong). In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’_____29_____and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_______30_______, the acquisition of workplace skills and the________31________to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a _______32_______lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspections both saw and ________33________. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert ______34______and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be______35______ if they are not improved. 21. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully 22. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices 23. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements 24. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration 25 A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying 26. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as 27. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions 28. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support 29. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest 30. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits 31. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent 32. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique 33. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded 34. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations 35. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled down Section B 22分 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to? Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far form their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth. Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question“did you steal Fatima’s bag?”，they may answer with something like“Fatima is my friend, why would I do that?”in this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying. Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying. It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold. Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it doesn’t mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often. 36. By saying“Liars also use deflection.”，the writer means that liars may ______. A. tell great stories B. change tone of voice C. ask a question in reply D. avoid direct answers 37. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ___. A. offers more information than necessary B. appears to be shy or nervous C. changes the subject of the conversation D. speaks very fast and vaguely 38. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies B. we can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation C. liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking D. we make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation 39. The passage mainly talks about ____. A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies C. how to detect lies D. what to do with liars (B) More On: Go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying? ----------------------- How to handle stress at work ------------------------ How can men and women work better together? ------------------------ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume? ------------------------ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday party Letter 1 January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond? The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend. Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer? The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”. 40. What is discussed in the first letter? A. How to ask questions in a polite way. B. How to respond to a false charge. C. How to make a correction at work. D. How to handle rude mass emails at work. 41. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________. A. talking about your family issues in public B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss D. bragging about your experience to your partner 42. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________. A. career choices B. social relationships C. working problems D. health problems (C) Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair. But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits. It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to. Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine. The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.” 43. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean? A. turn oneself around casually B. fall down to the ground carelessly C. lose ones temper suddenly D. shout and complain loudly 44. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room? A. He was reluctant to listen to his mother B. He couldn't focus on anything for a while. C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took. D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother. 45. The passage is chiefly concerned with . A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHD B. the precise definition of the disease ADHD C. Dusty’s experiences in his childhood and college D Karenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past years B. Dusty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college. C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease. D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD. Section C 8分 Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Minoans: A Forgotten People The first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Knossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths. ____47____ With his team he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture. From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____48____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture. Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____49____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons (图符) show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods. An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor (装饰品). ____50____ The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island. A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts. B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade. C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized. D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture. E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth. F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts. IV. Summary Writing 10分 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Workaholic Economy Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress. There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure. Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder. For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation 15分 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。(provide) ________________ 53. 缩小贫富差距是政府面临主要挑战之一。(face) ________________ 54. 我们理所当然地认为充分利用有限的时间能帮助你适应快节奏的现代生活。(take) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决。(remain) ________________ VI. Guided Writing 25分 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生张华，你的朋友李明来信。在信中他提到他母亲不论在旅游时还是在生活中，总是未经许可就把他的照片发到微信朋友圈（WeChat Moments),这让他十分烦恼。请你写一封回信，给李明提一些具体的建议并说明理由。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $