内容正文:
重难点05 语法填空之巧解词性转换综合应用题
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内容导航
速度提升
技巧掌握
手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击:
本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是
形容词/名词/动词之间的词形转换及语境适配(如名词→形容词、形容词→副词、形容词→名词)。
近
五
年高考共考查
4
次
,
该题型
约
占语法填空总题量的
1
0%,
其中
重
点考查
形容词→副词、名词→形容词、形容词→名词,难点为抽象词/合成词的词性转换
。
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点:
1.
根据句子成分定词性
2.
依托固定搭配辨词性
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数
:
聚焦
4
种类型可稳拿分数题目,确保重难点基础分值
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分:
聚焦
4
种类型中高难度题目,争夺关键分数
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖:
挑战高考和模拟综合题型,养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。
)
考点
五年考情(2021-2025)
命题趋势
考点1考查词性转换,把给出的名词转换成形容词
(5年1考)
2025北京卷—peaceful。
1.抽象词/合成词转换占比提升。
2.与句子成分深度绑定:需通过“表语→形容词、定语→副词”等成分判断词性。
3.高频词重复考查但语境不同。
4.固定搭配+词性转换结合。
考点2考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成副词
(5年2考)
2021北京卷—safely;
2023北京卷exactly。
考点3考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成名词
(5年1考)
2024北京卷—self-awareness。
考点4考查词性转换,考查名词和动词之间转换
(3年模拟)
2025年北京朝阳二模—interpreter。
考点一:考查词性转换,把给出的名词转换成形容词。
1.(2025北京高考真题)It's _________ (peace), especially around sunset.
答案:peaceful
解析:考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
形容词的基本功能
1. 作表语(最常考)
结构:系动词(be/look/sound/feel/seem等) + 形容词
2. 作定语
位置:一般位于名词前;修饰不定代词时位于其后
3. 作宾语补足语
结构:动词 + 宾语 + 形容词
2.(2025北京西城二模) Using a new technology, this________(innovation) product has the potential to turn potatoes into a widely accepted staple food in China helping improve the country's food security.
答案:innovative
解析:考查形容词。句意:使用一种新技术,这种创新产品有可能使土豆成为中国广泛接受的主食,有助于改善中国的粮食安全。作定语,修饰名词product用形容词innovative。故填innovative。
3.(2022全国甲卷高考真题)We were ______ (surprise) to hear that our team had won the championship.
答案:surprised
解析:surprise为名词/动词,此处需形容词作表语;修饰人用-ed形式的形容词,故填surprised。
4.(2024山东济南二模模拟题)She is a ______ (care) nurse who always takes good care of the patients.
答案:careful
解析:care为动词/名词,此处需形容词修饰名词nurse;care的形容词形式为careful,表“细心的”,故填careful。
考点二:考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成副词。
5. (2021北京高考真题)Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could __________(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
答案:safely
解析:考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
副词的位置规律
1)修饰实义动词:通常位于动词后(或宾语后)
eg: She sings beautifully.(方式副词后置)/ He looked at me angrily.(宾语后)
2)修饰be动词/情态动词/助动词:位于其后
eg: They are always busy.(频度副词在be动词后)
He has never been there.(频度副词在助动词后)
3)修饰形容词/其他副词:位于其前
eg: The film is quite interesting.(程度副词修饰adj)
She runs very fast.(程度副词修饰adv)
4)修饰整个句子:可位于句首、句中(用逗号隔开)或句尾
eg: Fortunately, we passed the exam.(逻辑副词句首,表态度)
He is, however, unwilling to help.(插入句中)核心标准:逻辑关系+时间状态
6.(2023北京高考真题)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ... a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up __________(exact) on time.
答案:exactly
解析:考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time,应用副词exactly,作状语。故填exactly。
7. (2025年北京海淀一模)By the end of each day, we all long for a little personal space and quiet time. Alone time can vary greatly from person to person. For some, it is __________(simple) about being physically away from people, ....
答案:simply
解析:考查副词。句意:对一些人来说,这只是身体上远离他人,而对另一些人来说,这是独处时断开连接的能力。此处需要用副词simply修饰介词短语about being physically away from people,表示“仅仅,只是”的意思,故填simply。
8.(2023全国新课标Ⅰ卷高考真题)The teacher spoke ______ (slow) to make sure that all the students could follow her.
答案:slowly
解析:slow为形容词,此处需副词修饰动词spoke,slow的副词形式为slowly,故填slowly。
考点三:考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成名词。
9.(2025年北京西城一模)Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of __________(self-aware).
答案:self-awareness
解析:考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
名词在句中的主要位置与功能
1. 作主语(位于句首或谓语动词前)
eg: Cities are protected by mangroves. (2023北京卷)
位置规律:名词短语作主语通常位于句首,决定谓语动词单复数
2. 作宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)
动词宾语:We need to establish clear boundaries. (2024北京卷)
介词宾语:develop a sense of self-awareness (2024北京卷)
位置规律:位于及物动词后或介词后,构成动宾/介宾结构
3. 作表语(位于系动词后)
eg: The truth is what could be guessed. (2025北京卷)
位置规律:紧跟在be动词、become、seem等系动词之后
4. 作定语(位于被修饰名词前)
eg: diverse ideas (2021北京卷)
位置规律:通常用单数形式,直接放在被修饰名词前
特殊情况:
man/woman作定语时,单复数随被修饰名词变化:women scientists
少数名词必须用复数作定语:sports meeting, clothes shop
5. 作宾语补足语(位于宾语后)
eg: We elected him monitor.
位置规律:位于宾语之后,补充说明宾语的状态或身份
考点速记
名词用法总结
1.作主语:位于谓语动词前,决定谓语单复数
2.作宾语:动词后或介词后,构成动宾/介宾结构
3.作定语:通常用单数,放在被修饰名词前(man/woman除外)
4.单复数:可数名词注意词尾变化,不可数名词无复数
5.固定搭配:牢记常见名词短语,如take time, pay attention to等
10.(2023四川绵阳三诊模拟题)The ______ (important) of protecting the environment should be emphasized to everyone.
答案:importance
解析:important为形容词,此处需名词作主语;“the+名词+of”为固定结构,important的名词形式为importance,故填importance。
考点四:考查词性转换,考查名词和动词之间转换。
名词与动词转换要点+解题思路
一、核心考查方向:
场景1:动词→名词(高频)
(1)规则变化(占比80%,优先掌握)
+-tion(多)/-ment/-ance
act→action(2023年真题)、develop→development、appear→appearance
动词以e结尾:去e+-tion/-sion
decide→decision、invite→invitation、extend→extension
动词以-te/-t结尾:去e+-ion(或直接+-ion)
predict→prediction、select→selection
动词以-ve结尾:改ve为s+-ion
survive→survival、approve→approval
不规则变化(需记忆)举例:succeed→success、fail→failure、vary→variety
场景2:名词→动词(次高频)
(1)规则变化(简单易记,无复杂特例)
名词以-tion/-sion结尾:去-tion/-sion→动词
action→act、decision→decide、attention→attend(2022年真题语境词)
名词以-ment结尾:去-ment→动词
development→develop、agreement→agree
名词以-ance/-ence结尾:去-ance/-ence→动词
importance→important(形容词,补充)、difference→differ
不规则变化(少量核心词)举例:
advice→advise、practice→practise
(2)核心考点:动词的“形式”(时态/语态/非谓语)
名词转动词后,需根据句子时态(一般现在/过去、现在完成时等)、主谓一致、非谓语结构(to do/doing/done)调整动词形式。
二、名词-动词转换解题4步法
步骤1:看句子成分,锁定空格需求
先判断空格在句中作什么成分,直接决定是否需要“名词-动词转换”:
若空格作主语、宾语(前有冠词a/an、形容词性物主代词my/their、介词of/for)→ 需填名词(可能是动词转名词);
eg: 北京2023年真题:The ______ (act) of helping others can bring us great joy.(空格前有定冠词The,作主语→填名词action)
若空格作谓语(前有主语、后有宾语/状语)或非谓语(前有to、介词,或作状语)→ 需填动词(可能是名词转动词);
eg: She ______ (decision) to study abroad after graduating from high school.(空格前有主语She,作谓语→填动词decided)
步骤2:判词性方向,确定转换逻辑
根据空格前后的“提示词”和“语法标志”,确定是“动词转名词”还是“名词转动词”:
提示词是动词→ 若空格需作主语/宾语→ 动词转名词;
提示词是名词→ 若空格需作谓语/非谓语→ 名词转动词;
eg: 提示词是“success”(名词),空格前有主语“He”,后有宾语“in the exam”→ 需转动词“succeeded”(过去式,符合时态)。
步骤3:变词形,注意规则与特例
按照前面总结的“规则变化”变形,重点关注北京高考的“高频特例”:
动词转名词优先想-tion/-ment(如devote→devotion,2022年真题);
名词转动词优先去-tion/-ment(如invention→invent,2021年真题语境词);
不规则变化直接记(success→succeed、fail→failure,北京卷反复考)。
步骤4:验逻辑,确保语法通顺
最后检查2点,避免失分:
名词:单复数是否正确(结合冠词、数词、谓语动词);
动词:时态(一般过去时/现在时)、主谓一致(第三人称单数)、非谓语形式是否正确;
eg: 北京2024年模拟题:His ______ (achieve) in science have inspired many young people.(空格后谓语是have→ 名词用复数achievements)
11.(2025北京朝阳二模)Tang Wensheng, 81, born in New York, is an outstanding Chinese __________ (interpret).
答案:interpreter
解析:考查名词。句意:81岁的唐闻生出生于纽约,是一位杰出的中国口译员。根据句意和“an”可知,此处应填interpret的名词形式interpreter,表示“口译员”。故填interpreter。
12.(2024全国乙卷真题)The ______ (discover) of the new energy source has greatly changed people's lives.
答案:discovery
解析:discover为动词,此处需名词作主语;“the+名词+of”为固定结构,discover的名词形式为discovery,故填discovery。
13.(2021全国新课标Ⅱ卷高考真题)The ______ (develop) of the Internet has made it easier for people to communicate with each other.
答案:development
解析:develop为动词,此处需名词作主语;“the+名词+of”为固定结构,develop的名词形式为development,故填development。
(建议用时:15分钟)
【类型一:名词与形容词之间转换】
1.The beauty in the ______ (strategy) placement of the chess pieces inspired many artists.
【答案】strategic
【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意:棋子战略性的摆放之美启发了许多艺术家。空处修饰名词“placement”,需用形容词作定语;“strategy”的形容词形式为“strategic”,表示“战略性的”,符合语境。
2.Villagers have built ______ (comfort) guesthouses to welcome tourists from all over the country.
【答案】comfortable
【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意:村民们建造了舒适的民宿来欢迎全国各地的游客。空处修饰名词“guesthouses”,需用形容词作定语;“comfort”的形容词形式为“comfortable”,表示“舒适的”,符合语境。
3.The ______ (exist) of ancient cultural relics proves the long history of this region.
【答案】existence
【解析】考查动词变名词。句意:古代文物的存在证明了这个地区的悠久历史。空处作句子主语,需用名词形式;“exist”的名词形式为“existence”,表示“存在”,为不可数名词,符合语境。
4.The ______ (secure) of personal information has become a major concern in the digital age.
【答案】security
【解析】考查形容词变名词。句意:个人信息的安全已成为数字时代的主要关注点。空处作句子主语,需用名词形式;“secure”的名词形式为“security”,表示“安全”,为不可数名词,符合语境。
5.This city is famous for its ______ (culture) heritage and modern development.
【答案】cultural
【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意:这座城市以其文化遗产和现代发展而闻名。空处修饰名词“heritage”,需用形容词作定语;“culture”的形容词形式为“cultural”,表示“文化的”,符合语境。
【类型二:形容词和副词之间转换】
6.He speaks English ______ (fluent) and can communicate with foreigners freely.
【答案】fluently
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:他英语说得流利,能自由地与外国人交流。空处修饰动词“speaks”,需用副词作状语;“fluent”的副词形式为“fluently”,表示“流利地”,符合语境。
7.The plan was ______ (successful) carried out with the support of all team members.
【答案】successfully
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:在所有团队成员的支持下,这个计划成功实施了。空处修饰动词短语“carried out”,需用副词作状语;“successful”的副词形式为“successfully”,表示“成功地”,符合语境。
8.The temperature dropped ______ (sudden) in the late afternoon.
【答案】suddenly
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:下午晚些时候气温突然下降。空处修饰动词“dropped”,需用副词作状语;“sudden”的副词形式为“suddenly”,表示“突然地”,符合语境。
9.She sang ______ (beautiful) at the concert and won loud applause.
【答案】beautifully
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:她在音乐会上唱得很美,赢得了热烈的掌声。空处修饰动词“sang”,需用副词作状语;“beautiful”的副词形式为“beautifully”,表示“优美地”,符合语境。
10.The situation changed ______ (rapid) and we had to adjust our plan.
【答案】rapidly
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:情况变化很快,我们不得不调整计划。空处修饰动词“changed”,需用副词作状语;“rapid”的副词形式为“rapidly”,表示“快速地”,符合语境。
11.He ______ (rare) goes out on weekends because he prefers reading at home.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:他周末很少出去,因为他更喜欢在家读书。空处修饰动词“goes”,需用副词作状语;“rare”的副词形式为“rarely”,表示“很少地”,符合语境。
【类型三:名词和动词之间转换】
12.It's important to ______ (courage) young people to pursue their dreams.
【答案】encourage
【解析】考查名词变动词。句意:鼓励年轻人追求梦想是很重要的。此处为“it's + 形容词 + to do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“courage”的动词形式为“encourage”,表示“鼓励”,符合语境。
13.The company decided to ______ (large) its production scale to meet market demand.
【答案】enlarge
【解析】考查形容词变动词。句意:为了满足市场需求,公司决定扩大生产规模。此处为“decide to do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“large”的动词形式为“enlarge”,表示“扩大”,符合语境。
14.We should ______ (emphasis) the importance of environmental protection in daily life.
【答案】emphasize
【解析】考查名词变动词。句意:我们应该在日常生活中强调环境保护的重要性。情态动词“should”后需接动词原形;“emphasis”的动词形式为“emphasize”(也可写作“emphasise”),表示“强调”,符合语境。
15.Technology helps ______ (global) small businesses and expand their markets.
【答案】globalize
【解析】考查形容词变动词。句意:技术帮助小型企业走向全球化,拓展它们的市场。此处为“help do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“global”的动词形式为“globalize”,表示“使全球化”,符合语境。
16.The teacher ______ (guidance) the students to finish the research project independently.
【答案】guided
【解析】考查名词变动词。句意:老师指导学生独立完成研究项目。空处作句子谓语,需用动词形式;“guidance”的动词形式为“guide”,结合语境可知此处描述过去的动作或经常性动作,可用一般过去时“guided”或一般现在时“guides”,此处用“guided”更符合语境。
(建议用时:15分钟)
【类型一:名词与形容词之间转换】
1.The ______ (abundant) of natural resources makes this area economically promising.
【答案】abundance
【解析】考查形容词变名词。句意:自然资源的丰富使这个地区具有经济发展潜力。空处作句子主语,需用名词形式;“abundant”的名词形式为“abundance”,表示“丰富”,为不可数名词,符合语境。
2.He gave a ______ (reason) explanation for his absence from the meeting.
【答案】reasonable
【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意:他为自己缺席会议给出了合理的解释。空处修饰名词“explanation”,需用形容词作定语;“reason”的形容词形式为“reasonable”,表示“合理的”,符合语境。
3.The ______ (wise) of ancient philosophers still guides our lives today.
【答案】wisdom
【解析】考查形容词变名词。句意:古代哲学家的智慧至今仍指引着我们的生活。空处作句子主语,需用名词形式;“wise”的名词形式为“wisdom”,表示“智慧”,为不可数名词,符合语境。
【类型二:形容词和副词之间转换】
4.The pictures displayed in the exhibition were ______ (digital) generated by AI.
【答案】digitally
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:展览中展出的图片是由人工智能数字化生成的。空处修饰动词“generated”,需用副词作状语;“digital”的副词形式为“digitally”,表示“数字化地”,符合语境。
5.She ______ (eventual) achieved her dream after years of persistent effort.
【答案】eventually
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:经过多年的不懈努力,她最终实现了自己的梦想。空处修饰动词“achieved”,需用副词作状语;“eventual”的副词形式为“eventually”,表示“最终”,符合语境。
6.The scientist ______ (accurate) predicted the outcome of the experiment.
【答案】accurately
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:这位科学家准确地预测了实验的结果。空处修饰动词“predicted”,需用副词作状语;“accurate”的副词形式为“accurately”,表示“准确地”,符合语境。
7.______ (basic), the key to success lies in consistent practice.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:基本上,成功的关键在于坚持不懈的练习。空处修饰整个句子,需用副词作状语;“basic”的副词形式为“basically”,表示“基本上”,句首首字母大写,符合语境。
8.Hainan ______ (sincere) welcomes tourists from all over the world.
【答案】sincerely
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:海南真诚欢迎世界各地的游客。空处修饰动词“welcomes”,需用副词作状语;“sincere”的副词形式为“sincerely”,表示“真诚地”,符合语境。
9.It can maintain stable blood pressure, ______ (effective) reducing over 90% of the potential harm.
【答案】effectively
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:它可以保持稳定的血压,有效减少90%以上的潜在危害。空处修饰动词“reducing”,需用副词作状语;“effective”的副词形式为“effectively”,表示“有效地”,符合语境。
【类型三:名词和动词之间转换】
10.We need to ______ (strength) our teamwork to complete the challenging project.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查名词变动词。句意:我们需要加强团队合作来完成这个具有挑战性的项目。此处为“need to do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“strength”的动词形式为“strengthen”,表示“加强”,符合语境。
11.The government plans to ______ (modern) public transportation in rural areas.
【答案】modernize
【解析】考查形容词变动词。句意:政府计划使农村地区的公共交通现代化。此处为“plan to do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“modern”的动词形式为“modernize”,表示“使现代化”,符合语境。
12.She tried to ______ (apology) for her mistake but failed to get forgiveness.
【答案】apologize
【解析】考查名词变动词。句意:她试图为自己的错误道歉,但未能获得原谅。此处为“try to do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“apology”的动词形式为“apologize”,表示“道歉”,符合语境。
13.The organization aims to ______ (equal) educational opportunities for all children.
【答案】equalize
【解析】考查形容词变动词。句意:该组织旨在使所有儿童享有平等的教育机会。此处为“aim to do sth”结构,空处需用动词原形;“equal”的动词形式为“equalize”,表示“使平等”,符合语境。
14.Reading classic works can ______ (rich) our spiritual world.
【答案】enrich
【解析】考查形容词变动词。句意:阅读经典作品可以丰富我们的精神世界。情态动词“can”后需接动词原形;“rich”的动词形式为“enrich”,表示“丰富”,符合语境。
15.The ______ (arrive) of Grain in Ear signifies the ripening of crops.
【答案】arrival
【解析】考查动词变名词。句意:芒种的到来意味着农作物的成熟。空处作句子主语,需用名词形式;“arrive”的名词形式为“arrival”,表示“到来”,为不可数名词,符合语境。
(建议用时:15分钟)
Passage 1
Wetlands, known as the “kidneys of the earth,” are crucial ecosystems between land and water. When 1 (view) from a distance, wetlands look very peaceful and beautiful. Acting as nature's purifiers, they can clean water, prevent floods and offer habitats, so experts emphasize 2 needs to be done to protect wetlands and ensure their 3 (survive). In recent years, many nations have made 4 (big) efforts than ever before to preserve and restore these invaluable natural areas.
【答案】1.viewed 2.what 3.survival 4.bigger
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了湿地的重要作用以及许多国家都在保护湿地。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:从远处看,湿地非常宁静美丽。此处view与wetlands构成被动关系,故用过去分词和when构成时间状语。故填viewed。
2.考查宾语从句。句意:作为大自然的净化器,它们可以清洁水,防止洪水,并提供栖息地,因此专家们强调需要做些什么来保护湿地,确保它们的生存。引导宾语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,故用what。故填what。
3.考查名词。句意:作为大自然的净化器,它们可以清洁水,防止洪水,并提供栖息地,因此专家们强调需要做些什么来保护湿地,确保它们的生存。作动词的宾语,用名词survival,抽象概念,不可数。故填survival。
4.考查比较级。句意:近年来,许多国家比以往任何时候都做出了更大的努力来保护和恢复这些宝贵的自然地区。根据后文than ever before可知用形容词比较级修饰名词efforts。故填bigger。
Passage 2
Very heavy traffic on a highway, two small children were making life challenging for their parents. A teenager asked 1 he could help. With the parents' 2 (permit), he started to play games with them. Soon, the children stopped crying. As the parents were about to get off the bus, they thanked the teen 3 (sincere) and the teen said he was happy to help.
【答案】1.if/whether 2.permission 3.sincerely
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位青少年主动帮助一对父母带小孩的故事。
1.考查宾语从句。句意:一个青少年询问是否可以帮忙。空处引导宾语从句,从句不缺成分,引导词意为“是否”,需用连接词whether/if引导。故填whether/if。
2.考查名词。句意:在得到父母的允许后,他开始和孩子们玩起了游戏。parents'是名词所有格,修饰名词,空处需填名词permission,为不可数名词。故填permission。
3.考查副词。句意:当父母准备下车时,他们真诚地感谢了那个青少年,而青少年表示他很乐意帮忙。修饰动词thanked,需用副词sincerely,作状语。故填sincerely。
Passage 3
For brands to succeed, they must grasp and adapt to evolving consumer taste. Over the past decade, China 1 (witness) a shift in consumer behavior marked by the rise of guochao, a trend emphasizing nationalistic branding. Chinese consumers displayed a strong 2 (prefer) for locally-made products. Therefore, it's crucial for brands to genuinely comprehend and honor local customs, traditions, and values. While integrating Chinese elements into marketing strategies can be effective, it should be handled thoughtfully 3 (avoid) cultural insensitivity.
【答案】1.has witnessed 2.preference 3.to avoid
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在过去的十年里,中国见证了消费者行为的转变,一种强调民族主义品牌的趋势,即“国潮”开始兴起。
1.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里,中国见证了消费者行为的转变,其标志是“国潮”的兴起,这是一种强调民族主义品牌的趋势。根据句中的“Over the past decade”可知,动词使用现在完成时,主语China为单数意义,助动词应用has,故填has witnessed。
2.考查名词。句意:中国消费者对国产产品表现出强烈的偏好。此处使用名词作宾语,需要的词义为“偏好”,即preference,前有a,应用单数,故填preference。
3.考查动词不定式。句意:虽然将中国元素融入营销策略是有效的,但也要慎重处理,避免文化不敏感。分析句子结构可知,avoid在句子中不作为谓语动词使用,空格处及之后表示“目的”,因此使用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to avoid。
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重难点05 语法填空之巧解词性转换综合应用题
(
内容导航
速度提升
技巧掌握
手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击:
本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是
形容词/名词/动词之间的词形转换及语境适配(如名词→形容词、形容词→副词、形容词→名词)。
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占语法填空总题量的
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其中
重
点考查
形容词→副词、名词→形容词、形容词→名词,难点为抽象词/合成词的词性转换
。
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点:
1.
根据句子成分定词性
2.
依托固定搭配辨词性
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数
:
聚焦
4
种类型可稳拿分数题目,确保重难点基础分值
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分:
聚焦
4
种类型中高难度题目,争夺关键分数
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖:
挑战高考和模拟综合题型,养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。
)
考点
五年考情(2021-2025)
命题趋势
考点1考查词性转换,把给出的名词转换成形容词
(5年1考)
2025北京卷—peaceful。
1.抽象词/合成词转换占比提升。
2.与句子成分深度绑定:需通过“表语→形容词、定语→副词”等成分判断词性。
3.高频词重复考查但语境不同。
4.固定搭配+词性转换结合。
考点2考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成副词
(5年2考)
2021北京卷—safely;
2023北京卷exactly。
考点3考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成名词
(5年1考)
2024北京卷—self-awareness。
考点4考查词性转换,考查名词和动词之间转换
(3年模拟)
2025年北京朝阳二模—interpreter。
考点一:考查词性转换,把给出的名词转换成形容词。
1.(2025北京高考真题)It's _________ (peace), especially around sunset.
答案:peaceful
解析:考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
形容词的基本功能
1. 作表语(最常考)
结构:系动词(be/look/sound/feel/seem等) + 形容词
2. 作定语
位置:一般位于名词前;修饰不定代词时位于其后
3. 作宾语补足语
结构:动词 + 宾语 + 形容词
2.(2025北京西城二模) Using a new technology, this________(innovation) product has the potential to turn potatoes into a widely accepted staple food in China helping improve the country's food security.
答案:innovative
解析:考查形容词。句意:使用一种新技术,这种创新产品有可能使土豆成为中国广泛接受的主食,有助于改善中国的粮食安全。作定语,修饰名词product用形容词innovative。故填innovative。
3.(2022全国甲卷高考真题)We were ______ (surprise) to hear that our team had won the championship.
答案:surprised
解析:surprise为名词/动词,此处需形容词作表语;修饰人用-ed形式的形容词,故填surprised。
4.(2024山东济南二模模拟题)She is a ______ (care) nurse who always takes good care of the patients.
答案:careful
解析:care为动词/名词,此处需形容词修饰名词nurse;care的形容词形式为careful,表“细心的”,故填careful。
考点二:考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成副词。
5. (2021北京高考真题)Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could __________(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
答案:safely
解析:考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
副词的位置规律
1)修饰实义动词:通常位于动词后(或宾语后)
eg: She sings beautifully.(方式副词后置)/ He looked at me angrily.(宾语后)
2)修饰be动词/情态动词/助动词:位于其后
eg: They are always busy.(频度副词在be动词后)
He has never been there.(频度副词在助动词后)
3)修饰形容词/其他副词:位于其前
eg: The film is quite interesting.(程度副词修饰adj)
She runs very fast.(程度副词修饰adv)
4)修饰整个句子:可位于句首、句中(用逗号隔开)或句尾
eg: Fortunately, we passed the exam.(逻辑副词句首,表态度)
He is, however, unwilling to help.(插入句中)核心标准:逻辑关系+时间状态
6.(2023北京高考真题)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ... a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up __________(exact) on time.
答案:exactly
解析:考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time,应用副词exactly,作状语。故填exactly。
7. (2025年北京海淀一模)By the end of each day, we all long for a little personal space and quiet time. Alone time can vary greatly from person to person. For some, it is __________(simple) about being physically away from people, ....
答案:simply
解析:考查副词。句意:对一些人来说,这只是身体上远离他人,而对另一些人来说,这是独处时断开连接的能力。此处需要用副词simply修饰介词短语about being physically away from people,表示“仅仅,只是”的意思,故填simply。
8.(2023全国新课标Ⅰ卷高考真题)The teacher spoke ______ (slow) to make sure that all the students could follow her.
答案:slowly
解析:slow为形容词,此处需副词修饰动词spoke,slow的副词形式为slowly,故填slowly。
考点三:考查词性转换,把给出的形容词转换成名词。
9.(2025年北京西城一模)Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of __________(self-aware).
答案:self-awareness
解析:考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
名词在句中的主要位置与功能
1. 作主语(位于句首或谓语动词前)
eg: Cities are protected by mangroves. (2023北京卷)
位置规律:名词短语作主语通常位于句首,决定谓语动词单复数
2. 作宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)
动词宾语:We need to establish clear boundaries. (2024北京卷)
介词宾语:develop a sense of self-awareness (2024北京卷)
位置规律:位于及物动词后或介词后,构成动宾/介宾结构
3. 作表语(位于系动词后)
eg: The truth is what could be guessed. (2025北京卷)
位置规律:紧跟在be动词、become、seem等系动词之后
4. 作定语(位于被修饰名词前)
eg: diverse ideas (2021北京卷)
位置规律:通常用单数形式,直接放在被修饰名词前
特殊情况:
man/woman作定语时,单复数随被修饰名词变化:women scientists
少数名词必须用复数作定语:sports meeting, clothes shop
5. 作宾语补足语(位于宾语后)
eg: We elected him monitor.
位置规律:位于宾语之后,补充说明宾语的状态或身份
考点速记
名词用法总结
1.作主语:位于谓语动词前,决定谓语单复数
2.作宾语:动词后或介词后,构成动宾/介宾结构
3.作定语:通常用单数,放在被修饰名词前(man/woman除外)
4.单复数:可数名词注意词尾变化,不可数名词无复数
5.固定搭配:牢记常见名词短语,如take time, pay attention to等
10.(2023四川绵阳三诊模拟题)The ______ (important) of protecting the environment should be emphasized to everyone.
答案:importance
解析:important为形容词,此处需名词作主语;“the+名词+of”为固定结构,important的名词形式为importance,故填importance。
考点四:考查词性转换,考查名词和动词之间转换。
名词与动词转换要点+解题思路
一、核心考查方向:
场景1:动词→名词(高频)
(1)规则变化(占比80%,优先掌握)
+-tion(多)/-ment/-ance
act→action(2023年真题)、develop→development、appear→appearance
动词以e结尾:去e+-tion/-sion
decide→decision、invite→invitation、extend→extension
动词以-te/-t结尾:去e+-ion(或直接+-ion)
predict→prediction、select→selection
动词以-ve结尾:改ve为s+-ion
survive→survival、approve→approval
不规则变化(需记忆)举例:succeed→success、fail→failure、vary→variety
场景2:名词→动词(次高频)
(1)规则变化(简单易记,无复杂特例)
名词以-tion/-sion结尾:去-tion/-sion→动词
action→act、decision→decide、attention→attend(2022年真题语境词)
名词以-ment结尾:去-ment→动词
development→develop、agreement→agree
名词以-ance/-ence结尾:去-ance/-ence→动词
importance→important(形容词,补充)、difference→differ
不规则变化(少量核心词)举例:
advice→advise、practice→practise
(2)核心考点:动词的“形式”(时态/语态/非谓语)
名词转动词后,需根据句子时态(一般现在/过去、现在完成时等)、主谓一致、非谓语结构(to do/doing/done)调整动词形式。
二、名词-动词转换解题4步法
步骤1:看句子成分,锁定空格需求
先判断空格在句中作什么成分,直接决定是否需要“名词-动词转换”:
若空格作主语、宾语(前有冠词a/an、形容词性物主代词my/their、介词of/for)→ 需填名词(可能是动词转名词);
eg: 北京2023年真题:The ______ (act) of helping others can bring us great joy.(空格前有定冠词The,作主语→填名词action)
若空格作谓语(前有主语、后有宾语/状语)或非谓语(前有to、介词,或作状语)→ 需填动词(可能是名词转动词);
eg: She ______ (decision) to study abroad after graduating from high school.(空格前有主语She,作谓语→填动词decided)
步骤2:判词性方向,确定转换逻辑
根据空格前后的“提示词”和“语法标志”,确定是“动词转名词”还是“名词转动词”:
提示词是动词→ 若空格需作主语/宾语→ 动词转名词;
提示词是名词→ 若空格需作谓语/非谓语→ 名词转动词;
eg: 提示词是“success”(名词),空格前有主语“He”,后有宾语“in the exam”→ 需转动词“succeeded”(过去式,符合时态)。
步骤3:变词形,注意规则与特例
按照前面总结的“规则变化”变形,重点关注北京高考的“高频特例”:
动词转名词优先想-tion/-ment(如devote→devotion,2022年真题);
名词转动词优先去-tion/-ment(如invention→invent,2021年真题语境词);
不规则变化直接记(success→succeed、fail→failure,北京卷反复考)。
步骤4:验逻辑,确保语法通顺
最后检查2点,避免失分:
名词:单复数是否正确(结合冠词、数词、谓语动词);
动词:时态(一般过去时/现在时)、主谓一致(第三人称单数)、非谓语形式是否正确;
eg: 北京2024年模拟题:His ______ (achieve) in science have inspired many young people.(空格后谓语是have→ 名词用复数achievements)
11.(2025北京朝阳二模)Tang Wensheng, 81, born in New York, is an outstanding Chinese __________ (interpret).
答案:interpreter
解析:考查名词。句意:81岁的唐闻生出生于纽约,是一位杰出的中国口译员。根据句意和“an”可知,此处应填interpret的名词形式interpreter,表示“口译员”。故填interpreter。
12.(2024全国乙卷真题)The ______ (discover) of the new energy source has greatly changed people's lives.
答案:discovery
解析:discover为动词,此处需名词作主语;“the+名词+of”为固定结构,discover的名词形式为discovery,故填discovery。
13.(2021全国新课标Ⅱ卷高考真题)The ______ (develop) of the Internet has made it easier for people to communicate with each other.
答案:development
解析:develop为动词,此处需名词作主语;“the+名词+of”为固定结构,develop的名词形式为development,故填development。
(建议用时:15分钟)
【类型一:名词与形容词之间转换】
1.The beauty in the ______ (strategy) placement of the chess pieces inspired many artists.
2.Villagers have built ______ (comfort) guesthouses to welcome tourists from all over the country.
3.The ______ (exist) of ancient cultural relics proves the long history of this region.
4.The ______ (secure) of personal information has become a major concern in the digital age.
5.This city is famous for its ______ (culture) heritage and modern development.
【类型二:形容词和副词之间转换】
6.He speaks English ______ (fluent) and can communicate with foreigners freely.
7.The plan was ______ (successful) carried out with the support of all team members.
8.The temperature dropped ______ (sudden) in the late afternoon.
9.She sang ______ (beautiful) at the concert and won loud applause.
10.The situation changed ______ (rapid) and we had to adjust our plan.
11.He ______ (rare) goes out on weekends because he prefers reading at home.
【类型三:名词和动词之间转换】
12.It's important to ______ (courage) young people to pursue their dreams.
13.The company decided to ______ (large) its production scale to meet market demand.
14.We should ______ (emphasis) the importance of environmental protection in daily life.
15.Technology helps ______ (global) small businesses and expand their markets.
16.The teacher ______ (guidance) the students to finish the research project independently.
(建议用时:15分钟)
【类型一:名词与形容词之间转换】
1.The ______ (abundant) of natural resources makes this area economically promising.
2.He gave a ______ (reason) explanation for his absence from the meeting.
3.The ______ (wise) of ancient philosophers still guides our lives today.
【类型二:形容词和副词之间转换】
4.The pictures displayed in the exhibition were ______ (digital) generated by AI.
5.She ______ (eventual) achieved her dream after years of persistent effort.
6.The scientist ______ (accurate) predicted the outcome of the experiment.
7.______ (basic), the key to success lies in consistent practice.
8.Hainan ______ (sincere) welcomes tourists from all over the world.
9.It can maintain stable blood pressure, ______ (effective) reducing over 90% of the potential harm.
【类型三:名词和动词之间转换】
10.We need to ______ (strength) our teamwork to complete the challenging project.
11.The government plans to ______ (modern) public transportation in rural areas.
12.She tried to ______ (apology) for her mistake but failed to get forgiveness.
13.The organization aims to ______ (equal) educational opportunities for all children.
14.Reading classic works can ______ (rich) our spiritual world.
15.The ______ (arrive) of Grain in Ear signifies the ripening of crops.
(建议用时:15分钟)
Passage 1
Wetlands, known as the “kidneys of the earth,” are crucial ecosystems between land and water. When 1 (view) from a distance, wetlands look very peaceful and beautiful. Acting as nature's purifiers, they can clean water, prevent floods and offer habitats, so experts emphasize 2 needs to be done to protect wetlands and ensure their 3 (survive). In recent years, many nations have made 4 (big) efforts than ever before to preserve and restore these invaluable natural areas.
Passage 2
Very heavy traffic on a highway, two small children were making life challenging for their parents. A teenager asked 1 he could help. With the parents' 2 (permit), he started to play games with them. Soon, the children stopped crying. As the parents were about to get off the bus, they thanked the teen 3 (sincere) and the teen said he was happy to help.
Passage 3
For brands to succeed, they must grasp and adapt to evolving consumer taste. Over the past decade, China 1 (witness) a shift in consumer behavior marked by the rise of guochao, a trend emphasizing nationalistic branding. Chinese consumers displayed a strong 2 (prefer) for locally-made products. Therefore, it's crucial for brands to genuinely comprehend and honor local customs, traditions, and values. While integrating Chinese elements into marketing strategies can be effective, it should be handled thoughtfully 3 (avoid) cultural insensitivity.
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