第12讲 定语从句（复习讲义）（山东专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

第12讲 定语从句 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点定语从句 3 04 优题精选·练能提分 6 考点 课标要求 复习目标 定语从句 · 掌握定语从句的相关知识 系统复习并掌握定语从句的相关知识； 命题预测 定语从句是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：关系词。 主要在单项选择、完形填空、和语法填空中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：先找先行词，判断“人/物/地点/时间” 先行词是定语从句修饰的名词/代词，确定其属性是解题第一步： - 先行词指人：优先用 who/whom/that（who 作主语/宾语，whom 只作宾语，that 可作主语/宾语） - 先行词指物：优先用 which/that - 先行词指地点：用 where（= 介词+which）；先行词指时间：用 when（= 介词+which） 锦囊2：掌握“that”的优先/禁用情况 - 优先用that：先行词被序数词、最高级、the only/the very 修饰；先行词既有人又有物；主句以 who/which 开头 - 禁用that：非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开）；介词后 锦囊3：区分关系代词与关系副词 看定语从句中是否缺主语/宾语：缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词（who/which/that）；不缺 → 用关系副词（where/when/why） 例：This is the park where we had a picnic.（从句不缺主宾，用 where） 例：This is the park which we visited last week.（从句缺宾语，用 which） 锦囊4：避开“介词+关系代词”的陷阱 介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配或从句中动词的搭配，且此时关系代词只能用 whom（指人）/which（指物） 例：The girl with whom I talked just now is my classmate.（talk with sb. 搭配） 锦囊5：秒杀“介词+关系代词”的简化句式 当先行词是 time/way/place 时，可省略关系词或用 that 替代，如 I don’t like the way (that) he speaks. 一般现在时/现在完成时 从句时态随句意（任意时态） — 一般过去时/过去进行时 从句用对应过去时（一般过去/过去进行/过去完成/过去将来） 客观真理/自然规律，用一般现在时。 考点 定语从句 1. 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 成分/先行词 示　　例 that 主语、宾语/人、物 I love movie that are funny.（作主语） Everything that you learn becomes part of you.（作宾语） which 主语、宾语/事、物 The book which is on the table is mine.（作主语） I’ll never forget the days which we spent together.（作宾语） who 主语/人 I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today.（作主语） whom 宾语/人 He is the boy whom I talked with just now. whose 定语/人、物 He is the writer whose name is Jerry. 2. 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 成分 示　　例 where 地点状语 This is the town where the famous actor was born. when 时间状语 I remember the day when we met for the first time. why 原因状语 I want to know the reason why you didn’t come to school this morning. 3.只能用that,不能用which的情况 ①先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,all,much,few, any, little 等或 the one Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我能为你效劳的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 This is the first book that I bought. 这是我买的第一本书。 (3)先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰 The only thing that I want to do is to have a good rest. 我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。 (4)先行词既有人又有物 The film star and her film that you just talked about are really well-known. 你们刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。 (5)当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句 Which is the hotel that you like best? 哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆？ 4.只能用which,不能用that的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 那棵400年的树在这里很有名。 (2)关系词前有介词 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依靠土地来获得粮食。 ②主句是过去时, 从句使用过去时的某种形式 ③从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时 1．（2024·山东青岛·模拟预测）Teenagers shouldn’t buy too many shoes and clothes ________ prices go ________ their parents’ ability to pay. A．who, above B．whose, beyond C．whose, over D．who, behind 2．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）New York is the state ________ Donald John Trump was born in. A．when B．where C．who D．which 3．（2024·山东菏泽·二模）Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”. A．whom B．what C．who 4．（2024·山东滨州·二模）My parents take pride in everything good ________ I do. A．which B．who C．that D．what 5．（2024·山东滨州·三模）China is the first nation _______ sent Chang’e IV to the far side of the moon. A．which B．that C．who D．whether 6．（2024·山东菏泽·一模）—Who is the hero in your mind, Li Hua? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．who B．which C．where 7．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）—Which one is your Maths teacher? —Over there! The tall man ______ wears a pair of round glasses. A．who B．which C．what D．where 8．（2024·山东滨州·一模）Being blind is something ________ most people can’t imagine. A．that B．what C．who D．whom 9．（2024·山东菏泽·一模）—Can I help you, sir? —I want a new book ________ was written by Cai Lei. A．what B．who C．which 10．（23-24九年级上·山东菏泽·期末）—Have you heard of the Huawei company? —Sure, it’s one of the ________ companies ________ make us Chinese proud. A．greater; which B．greatest; that C．greatest; which 1．（2023·山东菏泽·三模）—Can I help you, sir? —I want a new book ________ was written by Cao Wenxuan. A．what B．who C．which 2．（2023·山东滨州·二模）This is the fourth film __________ has been shown in our school this term. A．who B．which C．that D．whom 3．（2023·山东菏泽·二模）—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ________ me something to think about. A．whom give B．that gives C．which give 4．（2023·山东滨州·一模）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music ________ has become one of China’s national treasures. A．who B．which C．whose D．what 5．（2023·山东滨州·一模）Please pass me the magazine _________ has a picture of China’s C919 plane on the cover. A．/ B．that C．what D．who 6．（2023·山东滨州·一模）—Nearly everyone likes to live in the house ________ windows face south. —You are right. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 7．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）I went to talk with Nancy and was surprised by her words ________ made me realize ________ silly mistakes I had made. A．what; which B．which; what C．which; which D．what; what 8．（2022·山东青岛·一模）When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 9．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday? A．one B．where C．in that D．that 10．（2022·山东滨州·二模）Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now? A．who B．when C．how D．that 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第12讲 定语从句 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 2 03 考点通关·靶向突破 3 ★ 考点定语从句 3 04 优题精选·练能提分 7 考点 课标要求 复习目标 定语从句 · 掌握定语从句的相关知识 系统复习并掌握定语从句的相关知识； 命题预测 定语从句是中考的必考点之一。主要有以下命题角度：关系词。 主要在单项选择、完形填空、和语法填空中考查。 解题锦囊 锦囊1：先找先行词，判断“人/物/地点/时间” 先行词是定语从句修饰的名词/代词，确定其属性是解题第一步： - 先行词指人：优先用 who/whom/that（who 作主语/宾语，whom 只作宾语，that 可作主语/宾语） - 先行词指物：优先用 which/that - 先行词指地点：用 where（= 介词+which）；先行词指时间：用 when（= 介词+which） 锦囊2：掌握“that”的优先/禁用情况 - 优先用that：先行词被序数词、最高级、the only/the very 修饰；先行词既有人又有物；主句以 who/which 开头 - 禁用that：非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开）；介词后 锦囊3：区分关系代词与关系副词 看定语从句中是否缺主语/宾语：缺主语/宾语 → 用关系代词（who/which/that）；不缺 → 用关系副词（where/when/why） 例：This is the park where we had a picnic.（从句不缺主宾，用 where） 例：This is the park which we visited last week.（从句缺宾语，用 which） 锦囊4：避开“介词+关系代词”的陷阱 介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配或从句中动词的搭配，且此时关系代词只能用 whom（指人）/which（指物） 例：The girl with whom I talked just now is my classmate.（talk with sb. 搭配） 锦囊5：秒杀“介词+关系代词”的简化句式 当先行词是 time/way/place 时，可省略关系词或用 that 替代，如 I don’t like the way (that) he speaks. 一般现在时/现在完成时 从句时态随句意（任意时态） — 一般过去时/过去进行时 从句用对应过去时（一般过去/过去进行/过去完成/过去将来） 客观真理/自然规律，用一般现在时。 考点 定语从句 1. 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 成分/先行词 示　　例 that 主语、宾语/人、物 I love movie that are funny.（作主语） Everything that you learn becomes part of you.（作宾语） which 主语、宾语/事、物 The book which is on the table is mine.（作主语） I’ll never forget the days which we spent together.（作宾语） who 主语/人 I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today.（作主语） whom 宾语/人 He is the boy whom I talked with just now. whose 定语/人、物 He is the writer whose name is Jerry. 2. 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 成分 示　　例 where 地点状语 This is the town where the famous actor was born. when 时间状语 I remember the day when we met for the first time. why 原因状语 I want to know the reason why you didn’t come to school this morning. 3.只能用that,不能用which的情况 ①先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,all,much,few, any, little 等或 the one Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我能为你效劳的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 This is the first book that I bought. 这是我买的第一本书。 (3)先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰 The only thing that I want to do is to have a good rest. 我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。 (4)先行词既有人又有物 The film star and her film that you just talked about are really well-known. 你们刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。 (5)当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句 Which is the hotel that you like best? 哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆？ 4.只能用which,不能用that的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 那棵400年的树在这里很有名。 (2)关系词前有介词 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依靠土地来获得粮食。 ②主句是过去时, 从句使用过去时的某种形式 ③从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时 1．（2024·山东青岛·模拟预测）Teenagers shouldn’t buy too many shoes and clothes ________ prices go ________ their parents’ ability to pay. A．who, above B．whose, beyond C．whose, over D．who, behind 【答案】B 【解析】句意：青少年不应该买太多价格超过父母支付能力的鞋子和衣服。 考查定语从句和介词辨析。who谁；whose谁的；above在……上；over超过，多指数量；beyond超过，多指能力；behind在……后。第一空引导定语从句且在从句中作定语，表示“鞋子和衣服的”，所以选填whose；根据“their parents’ ability to pay”可知，此处指超出父母的购买力，go beyond“超出”。故选B。 2．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）New York is the state ________ Donald John Trump was born in. A．when B．where C．who D．which 【答案】D 【解析】句意：纽约是唐纳德·约翰·特朗普出生的州。 考查定语从句。when关系副词，指代时间；where关系副词，指代地点；who关系代词，指代人，通常作主语；which关系代词，指代物，通常作主语或宾语。该句是为定语从句，“where”是关系副词，引导定语从句时本身包含地点含义（相当于“in which”），因此从句中无需再加“in”，从句部分先从词是“state”，且“Donald John Trump was born in”缺少介词“in”的宾语，需用关系代词which充当该宾语。故选D。 3．（2024·山东菏泽·二模）Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”. A．whom B．what C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：成功属于那些从不说“不可能”的人。 考查定语从句关系词。whom谁，作宾语；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，作主/宾语。定语从句先行词为those，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故选C。 4．（2024·山东滨州·二模）My parents take pride in everything good ________ I do. A．which B．who C．that D．what 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我父母为我做的每一件好事感到自豪。 考查定语从句。根据“My parents take pride in everything good…I do.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，空处缺宾语，当先行词是不定代词时，只能用that引导定语从句。故选C。 5．（2024·山东滨州·三模）China is the first nation _______ sent Chang’e IV to the far side of the moon. A．which B．that C．who D．whether 【答案】B 【解析】句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥4号发射到月球背面的国家。 考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；where关系副词，whether是否，不是定语从句引导词。句子先行词是nation，在句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，此处关系代词用that。故选B。 6．（2024·山东菏泽·一模）—Who is the hero in your mind, Li Hua? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．who B．which C．where 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——李华，你心目中的英雄是谁？——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探方面取得巨大进展的科学家。 考查定语从句。who先行词是人，在从句中作主语；which先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；where在定语从句作状语。该句是定语从句，先行词“scientist”指的是人，在从句中作主语。故选A。 7．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）—Which one is your Maths teacher? —Over there! The tall man ______ wears a pair of round glasses. A．who B．which C．what D．where 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——哪一个是你的数学老师？——在那里！那个戴着一副圆眼镜的高个子男人。 考查定语从句关系词。who引导定语从句，在句中作主语/宾语，先行词是人；which引导定语从句，在句中作主语/宾语，先行词是物；what不能引导定语从句；where引导定语从句，在句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词。分析句子可知，空后句子作定语修饰名词the tall man，空处在句中作主语，且先行词是人，所以用who，故选A。 8．（2024·山东滨州·一模）Being blind is something ________ most people can’t imagine. A．that B．what C．who D．whom 【答案】A 【解析】句意：失明是大多数人无法想象的事情。 考查定语从句。根据题干，先行词是复合不定代词something，指物，在定语从句中作宾语。当先行词为复合不定代词时，指物只能用that。故选A。 9．（2024·山东菏泽·一模）—Can I help you, sir? —I want a new book ________ was written by Cai Lei. A．what B．who C．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——先生，我能为您效劳吗？——我想要一本蔡磊写的新书。 考查考查定语从句。根据“I want a new book...was written by Cai Lei.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语，所以用引导词which。故选C。 10．（23-24九年级上·山东菏泽·期末）—Have you heard of the Huawei company? —Sure, it’s one of the ________ companies ________ make us Chinese proud. A．greater; which B．greatest; that C．greatest; which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你听说过华为公司吗？——当然，它是最伟大的公司之一，让我们中国人感到自豪。 考查形容词最高级和定语从句。第一处是“one of the+最高级+名词复数”结构，排除A；第二处是定语从句，先行词被最高级修饰，只能用that引导。故选B。 1．（2023·山东菏泽·三模）—Can I help you, sir? —I want a new book ________ was written by Cao Wenxuan. A．what B．who C．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我能帮你吗，先生？——我想要一本曹文轩写的新书。 考查定语从句。根据“I want a new book ... was written by Cao Wenxuan.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语，引导词用which。故选C。 2．（2023·山东滨州·二模）This is the fourth film __________ has been shown in our school this term. A．who B．which C．that D．whom 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这是本学期在我校放映的第四部电影。 考查从属连词辨析。who谁；which哪一个；that那个；whom谁。句子是定语从句，先行词是film且有序数词限定，在从句中作主语，应用that引导的定语从句。故选C。 3．（2023·山东菏泽·二模）—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies ________ me something to think about. A．whom give B．that gives C．which give 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能给我一些思考的电影。 考查定语从句。结合语境可知空处考查定语从句。movies是先行词，引导词用that/which，谓语动词用原形。故选C。 4．（2023·山东滨州·一模）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music ________ has become one of China’s national treasures. A．who B．which C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐。 考查定语从句。who谁；which哪个；whose谁的；what什么。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个定语从句；根据“has become one of China’s national treasures”可知，从句缺少主语，先行词是music，which作从句主语。故选B。 5．（2023·山东滨州·一模）Please pass me the magazine _________ has a picture of China’s C919 plane on the cover. A．/ B．that C．what D．who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：请把封面上有中国C919飞机图片的杂志递给我。 考查定语从句关系词。根据“the magazine ... has a picture of China’s C919 plane on the cover”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“the magazine”指物，且在从句中作主语，此处用that引导定语从句。故选B。 6．（2023·山东滨州·一模）—Nearly everyone likes to live in the house ________ windows face south. —You are right. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——几乎每个人都喜欢住在窗户朝南的房子里。——你是对的。 考查定语从句引导词。句子是定语从句，先行词是house，关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故选B。 7．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）I went to talk with Nancy and was surprised by her words ________ made me realize ________ silly mistakes I had made. A．what; which B．which; what C．which; which D．what; what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我去和南希谈话，她的话使我惊讶，这使我意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。 考查定语从句和宾语从句。what“什么”；which“哪一个”。空一为定语从句，先行词“her words”指物，故关系词用which；再根据“realize”为动词，故判断“...silly mistakes I had made”为宾语从句，连接词应用what，在宾语从句中作“made”的宾语。故选B。 8．（2022·山东青岛·一模）When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当鲁滨逊·克鲁索到达这个岛时，他做的第一件事是寻找食物。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句。先行词为“thing”，指物，关系代词应用that或which，此处先行词“thing”被序数词修饰，故只能用that引导定语从句。故选C。 9．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday? A．one B．where C．in that D．that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这是一些外国朋友上周一参观的工厂吗? 考查定语从句的引导词。one一个；where关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语；in that因为，引导状语从句；that关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知本句包含一个定语从句，先行词“the factory”是物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用that或which来引导定语从句，也可以省略引导词。故选D。 10．（2022·山东滨州·二模）Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now? A．who B．when C．how D．that 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你能告诉我你刚才在会上讨论的结果吗？ 考查定语从句关系词。who指代人；when指代时间；how如何；that既可以指人又可以指物。根据先行词“the result of the discussion”是指物可知，应该使用“that”。故选D。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $