寒假作业04 可数名词和不可数名词（巩固培优）七年级英语新教材译林版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 可数名词和不可数名词 英语中的名词按其表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。 一、可数名词： 可数名词，顾名思义，是可以用数目来计算的人或物。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个及以上的人或事物时，用复数形式。如： ►I usually have a sandwich for breakfast. 我早餐通常吃一个三明治。 ►They exercise in different ways. 他们用不同的方式锻炼身体。 1. 可数名词单数： ①单数的可数名词或名词短语前一般有限定词，如：冠词 a/an、the，指示代词 this、that， 形容词性物主代词 my、your、his、her、their，名词所有格 John’s 等。 ②冠词 a 用于辅音音素开头的可数名词前；an 用于元音音素开头的可数名词前， 而不是元音字母开头的名词前。 【易错提醒】 ①有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但发辅音，要用冠词“a”，如：university（大学），uniform（制服），useful（有用的），useless（无用的），European（欧洲人），one等。而有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但发元音，要用冠词“an”，如hour, honest等。 ②26个字母中有12个字母（Mr Li has one fox）的读音以元音发音开头，要用冠词an。如：an MP4，an X-ray，a UFO。 2. 可数名词复数 ①可数名词复数的变化规则 规则 例词 一般情况下在词尾加s desk- desks 以s、x、 sh、 ch结尾的词后加es brush- brushes 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，去掉y加ies factory- factories family- families 以f或fe结尾的词，去掉f或fe，加ves wife- wives 以o结尾的可数名词 表示人或农作物等有生命的词后加es potato- potatoes 无生命的事物的词后加s radio- radios ②常见的复数形式是不规则变化的名词： man- men woman- women foot- feet tooth- teeth goose(鹅)- geese mouse（老鼠）- mice child- children ③单复数同形式的名词： fish- fish sheep- sheep deer- deer Chinese（中国人）- Chinese Japanese（日本人）- Japanese 二、不可数名词： 不可数名词指不可以计数的名词。不可数名词无单、复数之分，前面有无限定词均可。 物质名词 食物 bread（面包）；meat（肉） 饮料 milk（牛奶）；water（水）；juice；tea 自然物质 soil（土壤）；wood（木头） 抽象名词 情感 joy（高兴）；friendship（友谊） 概念 work（工作）；population（人口） 学科 geography（地理）；chemistry（化学） 【易错提醒】 不可数名词前不可直接加不定冠词a/an，也不可直接与基数词连用，但可以用 the 或表示数量多少的 some、much、a little、little、a lot of 等词或短语修饰。 不可数名词前还可以用表示量的“可数名词 + of”短语来表示数量，如： a glass of water 一杯水；three pieces of paper 三张纸；three kilos of beef 三公斤牛肉；a bag of rice 一袋米 【易错提醒】 如果主语是不可数名词，谓语动词常用单数。 ►Coffee is a kind of drink. 咖啡是一种饮品。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1分，共15分） 1．—What do you want to buy in the mall? —Four ________ and ________. A．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato C．carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D．carton of milk; two kilos of tomato 2．—How many ________ do you want? — Four. A．apple juice B．a glass of orange juice C．glasses of orange juices D．glasses of orange juice 3．—What can I do for you, sir?     —I’d like two ________. We all like fruit. A．bowls of rice B．baskets of oranges C．cartons of milk D．bag of apples 4．—How many ________ do you want, sir? —Two, please. A．glass of apple juices B．glass of apple juice C．glasses of apple juice D．glasses of apple juices 5．—Mum, what do you want to buy this afternoon? —I’d like to buy five ________. A．cartons of milks B．boxes of egg C．packets of salt D．piece of bread 6．—May I have some more ________? It tastes so nice. —Of course. A．carrot B．beef C．lemons D．chickens 7．There are more and more ________ in the hospitals now. A．man nurse B．men nurses C．men nurse D．man nurses 8．All the ________ teachers enjoy ________ on March 8th, because it is their own holiday. A．woman; them B．woman; themselves C．women: themselves D．women; them 9．—________ meat do you want, Mrs Wilson? —Three and a half ________. A．How many; kilos B．How many; kilo C．How much; kilos D．How much; kilo 10．—I want to write a letter. Can you give me some ________, please? —Sure. Here you are. A．pen B．paper C．money D．note 11．—Every family can get ________ and ________ every day for the cold winter. —Sounds great. A．half a kilo of banana; three cartons of milk B．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milks C．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk D．two kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk 12．—You’d better take some ________ outside the classroom after finishing your maths ________. —Good idea. I really need to have a rest. A．exercise; exercise B．exercise; exercises C．exercises; exercise D．exercises; exercises 13．—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 14．I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 15．—Why do you think spring is the most beautiful? —I love spring because when spring comes, the ______ all over the mountains turn green. A．leaf B．leafs C．leafes D．leaves 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分） 1．Chinese people think Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan are the (hero) of the country. 2．We can buy (strawberry) from the supermarket in winter, but the price is high. 3．Russian dolls are colourful and full of (surprise). 4．Tom often asks his teacher for some at school. (advice） 5．How beautiful the look! I want to buy one for my mother. (scarf) 6．The (science) all over the world are doing a lot of study on Mars. 7．Those (gentleman) are sharing their ideas about the meeting over there. 8．I guess the presents here are for those baseball (play). They are heroes. 9．Billy has a few bad (tooth) in his mouth. He eats lots of sweets. 10．The silk dresses are these (woman). They left them here. 一、完形填空（每空1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Subject Help with My Mommy® Attention: Customer Service Manager I am writing to ask for help with my Mommy®. I have had her for two years, and she isn’t 1 as well as she used to. During the first year, I was very happy with her. She was always paying attention and met my 2 quickly without causing me any problems. But in the last year, I have noticed that she has started to 3 . For example, she used to come to get me right away when I cried at night and let me stay with her until 4 . Now, she just shouts, “Go back to sleep!” from her room. I thought I could use the big bed until the third year. Did I understand the 5 wrong? Also, my Mommy® doesn’t answer as fast during the day anymore. Before, if I cried, she would come quickly with snacks, hugs, and funny faces to make me laugh. Now, she just sighs (叹气) and rolls (翻转) her eyes when I cry on the floor. It seems like the unhappier I am, the 6 she cares. Is this a common problem after using her for a long time? Anyway, I will 7 doing these actions more often and see if it will help. The biggest problem is that my Mommy® doesn’t like doing things over and over. Even though she is good at making coffee at 7 AM and saying “BEDTIME” at 7 PM, she gets 8 of watching Baby Shark after a few times. But Baby Shark is a great song! I know that recently some Mommies® aren’t doing their jobs as well as before, 9 they can’t recharge (充电) fully, I think this is a good time to make Mommies® better. I have some ideas, like avoiding phrases she 10 that I don’t like, such as “Just a minute.” “You need to wait.” and “Don’t eat that.” I hope you can help me fix my Mommy® soon. Sincerely, Reese 1．A．working B．playing C．programming D．teaching 2．A．friends B．needs C．questions D．eyes 3．A．grow B．stop C．develop D．change 4．A．noon B．evening C．morning D．afternoon 5．A．feelings B．meanings C．rules D．ideas 6．A．less B．worse C．more D．better 7．A．stop B．try C．enjoy D．finish 8．A．afraid B．tired C．sure D．careful 9．A．so B．though C．because D．but 10．A．speaks B．talks C．shares D．says 二、阅读理解（每空2分，共20分） A Many people think it’s important and good for health to wash the food before cooking it. However, for some food like eggs, washing can do more harm (害处) than good. People like to wash the shell (壳) before they cook the egg. They want to make sure there’s no dirt or germs (细菌) on the egg. But they don’t need to do this, because factories will do the cleaning work when they sell the eggs. There is a coating on the shell of the egg. The coating can help keep the egg away from germs. When factories do the cleaning work, they wash away the coating and put a kind of special thing on the egg shell. It is there to keep germs from coming inside the egg. “Of course there’re germs on the egg, but by washing it, you make it worse. The egg shell is porous. The water can get germs into the egg when you wash it,” says health expert Amy Leigh Mercree. “And this can happen more easily when you use cold water or running water.” “So don’t wash eggs—save yourself some time and keep the germs where they are,” Mercree says. 1．Washing eggs before cooking them is ________. A．difficult B．healthy C．bad D．important 2．What do factories do with eggs? A．They wash away all the germs on the eggs. B．They spend much time washing eggs. C．They wash eggs with special water. D．They use a special thing to keep eggs away from germs. 3．What does the underlined word “porous” in paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．保护的 B．可渗透的 C．坚硬的 D．杀菌的 4．What will happen when people wash eggs with cold water? A．The egg shells will get broken easily. B．The water will go inside the eggs. C．Germs will go inside the eggs easily. D．There won’t be germs on the egg shells. 5．Which is the best title for this material? A．How to cook eggs well B．No washing before cooking eggs C．It’s better to buy eggs from farmers D．How to get germs away from eggs B 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you know China Hanfu Day? 1 . China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar. It is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor (皇帝). In old China, this day was also known as Shangsi Festival. There are many shows on China Hanfu Day. 2 . Hanfu lovers from all over China come to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition (竞赛). It helps young Chinese learn about traditional clothing and Chinese culture. Hanfu is the special clothing of the Han people. Han people lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. 3 . But some of its main characteristics (特征) are the same. For example, there are two parts overlapping (交叉) on the front, 4 . China is becoming a strong country in the world, and the Chinese people feel more confident (自信的) about its traditional culture than before. 5 . A．which is called “Jiao Ling”. B．Do you know when the day is? C．Hanfu is usually loose and has a belt. D．People wear different kinds of Hanfu on that day. E．Hanfu spreads traditional Chinese culture and looks beautiful. F．Hanfu has a history of about 3,000 years and it also changes. G．Wearing traditional clothing may be a way of showing how confident they are. 三、任务型阅读（每空2分，共10分） 阅读短文，回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 On a sunny day, Mother Hen is playing with her children on the grass. Later, they are hungry, so Mother Hen takes her children out to look for food. She finds a grain of wheat (麦子). So she asks her children to plant it in the garden. But they are too lazy and don’t want to do it. Mother Hen has to do it herself. A few months later, they get a lot of wheat. She asks her children, “Who would you like to take the wheat to the shop and get some flour (面粉)?” But they don’t want to do it. So she takes the wheat to the shop and brings the flour home. After getting home, she asks, “Who will make some bread with the flour?” They all say, “I’m not free.” When she makes the bread, she says to her chickens, “Who wants to eat the bread?” “I will,” they all say. “No, you can’t. You don’t want to do anything before I make the bread. You must know ‘No pains, no gains (一分耕耘，一分收获).’ ” She doesn’t give any bread to them and she eats it herself. 1．Where are the chickens playing? 2．Why does Mother Hen take her children out to look for food? 3．When do they get a lot of wheat? 4．Who eats the bread at last, Mother Hen or her children? 5．What do you think of the children? 根据短文内容, 选择正确的选项并回答问题。（每空2分，共8分） Long ago, an old man found that he had run out of food. He hitched a small cart (马车) to his horse and went to look for coconuts (椰子). Coconuts grow high in coconut trees. The man was too old to climb trees, so he looked for coconuts that had fallen to the ground. After walking a long way, he finally filled his cart with coconuts and then started his way home. After a short time, the man saw a boy walking down the road. He asked the boy, “Is the village near? Will it take me long to get home?” The boy looked at the cart full of coconuts. Then he said, “If you go fast, it will take a long time. If you go slowly, you will be home soon.” “What a foolish boy,” the man thought. He made his horse go fast and many of the coconuts fell off the cart. It took a long time to pick them up and put them back on the cart. “Now I have wasted time picking up coconuts,” the man said. “I had better hurry so I can get home soon.” Once again, the man made his horse go fast. Once again, coconuts fell off the cart. The man stopped to pick them all up. Finally, the old man thought about the boy’s words. “________,” he said. He made his horse go slowly, and soon he was home. 1．Why did the old man have to go to look for coconuts? A．Because he wanted to have a trip. B．Because he liked to eat coconuts. C．Because he didn’t have food to eat. D．Because coconuts were easy to carry. 2．What did the boy mean when he said, “If you go fast, it will take a long time.”? A．The road was not safe for a fast horse. B．Going too fast could make things go wrong. C．The boy wanted the old man to have a rest. D．The old man should move quickly to save time. 3．What’s the best title for the story? A．A Foolish Boy B．A Hard-working Man C．The Man and His Horse D．The Man and the Coconuts 4．What might the old man say in the end? (No more than 10 words.) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 可数名词和不可数名词 英语中的名词按其表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。 一、可数名词： 可数名词，顾名思义，是可以用数目来计算的人或物。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个及以上的人或事物时，用复数形式。如： ►I usually have a sandwich for breakfast. 我早餐通常吃一个三明治。 ►They exercise in different ways. 他们用不同的方式锻炼身体。 1. 可数名词单数： ①单数的可数名词或名词短语前一般有限定词，如：冠词 a/an、the，指示代词 this、that， 形容词性物主代词 my、your、his、her、their，名词所有格 John’s 等。 ②冠词 a 用于辅音音素开头的可数名词前；an 用于元音音素开头的可数名词前， 而不是元音字母开头的名词前。 【易错提醒】 ①有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但发辅音，要用冠词“a”，如：university（大学），uniform（制服），useful（有用的），useless（无用的），European（欧洲人），one等。而有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但发元音，要用冠词“an”，如hour, honest等。 ②26个字母中有12个字母（Mr Li has one fox）的读音以元音发音开头，要用冠词an。如：an MP4，an X-ray，a UFO。 2. 可数名词复数 ①可数名词复数的变化规则 规则 例词 一般情况下在词尾加s desk- desks 以s、x、 sh、 ch结尾的词后加es brush- brushes 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，去掉y加ies factory- factories family- families 以f或fe结尾的词，去掉f或fe，加ves wife- wives 以o结尾的可数名词 表示人或农作物等有生命的词后加es potato- potatoes 无生命的事物的词后加s radio- radios ②常见的复数形式是不规则变化的名词： man- men woman- women foot- feet tooth- teeth goose(鹅)- geese mouse（老鼠）- mice child- children ③单复数同形式的名词： fish- fish sheep- sheep deer- deer Chinese（中国人）- Chinese Japanese（日本人）- Japanese 二、不可数名词： 不可数名词指不可以计数的名词。不可数名词无单、复数之分，前面有无限定词均可。 物质名词 食物 bread（面包）；meat（肉） 饮料 milk（牛奶）；water（水）；juice；tea 自然物质 soil（土壤）；wood（木头） 抽象名词 情感 joy（高兴）；friendship（友谊） 概念 work（工作）；population（人口） 学科 geography（地理）；chemistry（化学） 【易错提醒】 不可数名词前不可直接加不定冠词a/an，也不可直接与基数词连用，但可以用 the 或表示数量多少的 some、much、a little、little、a lot of 等词或短语修饰。 不可数名词前还可以用表示量的“可数名词 + of”短语来表示数量，如： a glass of water 一杯水；three pieces of paper 三张纸；three kilos of beef 三公斤牛肉；a bag of rice 一袋米 【易错提醒】 如果主语是不可数名词，谓语动词常用单数。 ►Coffee is a kind of drink. 咖啡是一种饮品。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择（每题1分，共15分） 1．—What do you want to buy in the mall? —Four ________ and ________. A．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato C．carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D．carton of milk; two kilos of tomato 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想在商场里买什么？——四盒牛奶和两公斤西红柿。 考查名词的数。cartons of milk多盒牛奶；two kilos of tomatoes两公斤西红柿。根据空前数词 four 可知，此处需用可数名词“carton”的复数形式 cartons，milk为不可数名词。数词 two 后需接可数名词“kilo”的复数形式 kilos。tomatoes为可数名词 ， 需用复数形式 tomatoes。故选A。 2．—How many ________ do you want? — Four. A．apple juice B．a glass of orange juice C．glasses of orange juices D．glasses of orange juice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想要多少杯橙汁？——四杯。 考查名词复数。apple juice苹果汁；a glass of orange juice一杯橙汁；glasses of orange juices这种表达是错误的，juice是不可数名词，没有复数形式；glasses of orange juice几杯橙汁。How many后接可数名词复数，glasses是glass的复数形式，表示“杯”，结合答语“Four”可知，问句询问数量，应用“glasses of orange juice”。故选D。 3．—What can I do for you, sir?     —I’d like two ________. We all like fruit. A．bowls of rice B．baskets of oranges C．cartons of milk D．bag of apples 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我能为您做些什么，先生？——我想要两篮子桔子。我们都喜欢水果。 考查名词辨析。two bowls of rice两碗米；two baskets of oranges两篮子桔子；two cartons of milk两盒牛奶；two bag of apples语法错误。根据“We all like fruit.”可知，他要买两篮子桔子。故选B。 4．—How many ________ do you want, sir? —Two, please. A．glass of apple juices B．glass of apple juice C．glasses of apple juice D．glasses of apple juices 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想要几杯苹果汁，先生？——两杯。 考查名词的数。how many后接可数名词复数形式，排除A和B两项；apple juice意为 “苹果汁”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故选C。 5．—Mum, what do you want to buy this afternoon? —I’d like to buy five ________. A．cartons of milks B．boxes of egg C．packets of salt D．piece of bread 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，今天下午你想买什么？——我想买五包盐。 考查名词的数。milk“牛奶”，不可数名词，不能加s，排除A；egg“鸡蛋”，可数名词，此处应用名词复数，排除B；piece“片”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式，排除D。故选C。 6．—May I have some more ________? It tastes so nice. —Of course. A．carrot B．beef C．lemons D．chickens 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以再吃些牛肉吗？它尝起来太美味了。——当然可以。 考查名词的可数与不可数。carrot胡萝卜，单数；beef牛肉，不可数名词；lemons柠檬，复数；chickens鸡，复数。“some more”后接可数名词时要用复数形式，接不可数名词则用原形 ，同时结合句子中代词“it”，表明前面应是单数概念或不可数名词。故选B。 7．There are more and more ________ in the hospitals now. A．man nurse B．men nurses C．men nurse D．man nurses 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在医院中的男性护士越来越多。 考查名词复数。根据“There are more and more”可知，空处需要用复数形式，在英语中，当man或woman作定语来修饰另一个名词时，该复合名词变为复数形式时，man变为men，woman变women，同时被修饰的名词也变为相应的复数形式。故选B。 8．All the ________ teachers enjoy ________ on March 8th, because it is their own holiday. A．woman; them B．woman; themselves C．women: themselves D．women; them 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有的女教师在3月8日都玩得很开心，因为那是她们自己的节日。 考查名词复数及代词用法。woman妇女，名词单数；women妇女，名词复数；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己。woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数，故排除选项A和B；enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，固定搭配。故选C。 9．—________ meat do you want, Mrs Wilson? —Three and a half ________. A．How many; kilos B．How many; kilo C．How much; kilos D．How much; kilo 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——威尔逊太太，你想要多少肉？——三公斤半。 考查不可数名词和可数名词。how many多少，对可数名词进行提问；how much多少，对不可数名词进行提问；kilo公斤。meat为不可数名词，用how much提问；kilo“公斤”为可数名词，Three and a half修饰用复数形式。故选C。 10．—I want to write a letter. Can you give me some ________, please? —Sure. Here you are. A．pen B．paper C．money D．note 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想写一封信。你能给我一些纸吗？——当然。给你。 考查名词辨析。pen钢笔，单数；paper纸张，不可数名词；money金钱，不可数名词；note便条，单数。根据“I want to write a letter”可知，写信需要“纸”或“笔”，some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选B。 11．—Every family can get ________ and ________ every day for the cold winter. —Sounds great. A．half a kilo of banana; three cartons of milk B．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milks C．a kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk D．two kilo of bananas; three cartons of milk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在寒冷的冬天，每个家庭每天都可以得到一公斤香蕉和三盒牛奶。——听起来很棒。 考查名词。banana“香蕉”，为可数名词，所以可排除A项；milk“牛奶”，为不可数名词，所以可排除B项；kilo“公斤”，为可数名词，所以D项可排除。故选C。 12．—You’d better take some ________ outside the classroom after finishing your maths ________. —Good idea. I really need to have a rest. A．exercise; exercise B．exercise; exercises C．exercises; exercise D．exercises; exercises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——做完数学练习后，你最好在教室外做些运动。——好主意。我真的需要休息一下。 考查名词的用法。exercise锻炼，不可数名词；exercise练习，可数名词。此题第一空表示体育锻炼，不可数；第二空表示练习，故用复数。故选B。 13．—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 14．I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了给我的新钢琴腾地方，我不得不从房子里搬走一些家具。 考查名词。desk课桌，可数名词单数；chair椅子，可数名词单数；bookshelf书架，可数名词单数；furniture家具，不可数名词。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以是furniture。故选D。 15．—Why do you think spring is the most beautiful? —I love spring because when spring comes, the ______ all over the mountains turn green. A．leaf B．leafs C．leafes D．leaves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么你认为春天是最漂亮的？——我喜欢春天，因为当春天来的时候漫山遍野的树叶会变绿。 考查名词。根据“all over the mountains turn green”可知，此处“leaf”应该用复数。名词“leaf”的复数形式是“leaves”。故选D。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分） 1．Chinese people think Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan are the (hero) of the country. 【答案】heroes 【详解】句意：中国人民认为钟南山和李兰娟是国家的英雄。根据“Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan are the...”可知，此处需要填写“英雄”的复数形式，hero的复数形式是heroes。故填heroes。 2．We can buy (strawberry) from the supermarket in winter, but the price is high. 【答案】strawberries 【详解】句意：在冬天，我们可以在超市买到草莓，但价格较高。strawberry意为“草莓”，可数名词，此处用名词复数表示类别，strawberry的复数为strawberries，故填strawberries。 3．Russian dolls are colourful and full of (surprise). 【答案】surprises 【详解】句意：俄罗斯套娃色彩鲜艳并且充满惊喜。surprise作可数名词时意为“令人惊喜的事”，作不可数名词时意为“惊讶，惊奇”。此处表达俄罗斯套娃充满了让人惊喜的地方，是可数名词的概念，full of修饰可数名词复数，所以要用surprise的复数形式surprises。故填surprises。 4．Tom often asks his teacher for some at school. (advice） 【答案】advice 【详解】句意：Tom经常在学校向他的老师寻求建议。some后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，advice“建议”为不可数名词。故填advice。 5．How beautiful the look! I want to buy one for my mother. (scarf) 【答案】scarves 【详解】句意：这些围巾看起来多漂亮啊！我想给我妈妈买一条。scarf“围巾”，根据“look”可知，此处用名词复数，故填scarves。 6．The (science) all over the world are doing a lot of study on Mars. 【答案】scientists 【详解】句意：全世界的科学家都在对火星进行大量研究。“science”意为“科学”，而根据句子意思，在全世界范围内对火星做大量研究的应该是“科学家”，“科学家”对应的英文是“scientist”。又因为句子的谓语动词“are doing”是复数形式，为了保持主谓一致，主语也要用复数形式，“scientist”的复数形式是直接在词尾加“s”，即“scientists”。故填scientists。 7．Those (gentleman) are sharing their ideas about the meeting over there. 【答案】gentlemen 【详解】句意：那些先生们正在那边分享他们对会议的看法。“gentleman”意为“先生”，是可数名词。句中“Those”修饰可数名词复数，所以“gentleman”要用其复数形式“gentlemen”，故填gentlemen。 8．I guess the presents here are for those baseball (play). They are heroes. 【答案】players 【详解】句意：我猜这里的礼物是给那些棒球运动员的。他们是英雄。由“I guess the presents here are for those baseball…”可知，此处指是给棒球运动员们的礼物，play的名词player表示“运动员”，被those修饰用复数形式，作介词for的宾语。故填players。 9．Billy has a few bad (tooth) in his mouth. He eats lots of sweets. 【答案】teeth 【详解】句意：Billy嘴里有几颗坏牙。他吃了很多甜食。tooth“牙齿”是可数名词，前面有“a few”修饰，名词需变为复数形式“teeth”。故填teeth。 10．The silk dresses are these (woman). They left them here. 【答案】women’s 【详解】句意：这些丝绸连衣裙是这些女士的。她们把它们落在这儿了。根据句中的“these”可知，这里要用“woman”的复数形式“women”，表示“这些女士”。而这些连衣裙是女士们的，所以要用名词所有格形式，复数名词的所有格是在复数名词后面加’s，故填women’s。 一、完形填空（每空1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Subject Help with My Mommy® Attention: Customer Service Manager I am writing to ask for help with my Mommy®. I have had her for two years, and she isn’t 1 as well as she used to. During the first year, I was very happy with her. She was always paying attention and met my 2 quickly without causing me any problems. But in the last year, I have noticed that she has started to 3 . For example, she used to come to get me right away when I cried at night and let me stay with her until 4 . Now, she just shouts, “Go back to sleep!” from her room. I thought I could use the big bed until the third year. Did I understand the 5 wrong? Also, my Mommy® doesn’t answer as fast during the day anymore. Before, if I cried, she would come quickly with snacks, hugs, and funny faces to make me laugh. Now, she just sighs (叹气) and rolls (翻转) her eyes when I cry on the floor. It seems like the unhappier I am, the 6 she cares. Is this a common problem after using her for a long time? Anyway, I will 7 doing these actions more often and see if it will help. The biggest problem is that my Mommy® doesn’t like doing things over and over. Even though she is good at making coffee at 7 AM and saying “BEDTIME” at 7 PM, she gets 8 of watching Baby Shark after a few times. But Baby Shark is a great song! I know that recently some Mommies® aren’t doing their jobs as well as before, 9 they can’t recharge (充电) fully, I think this is a good time to make Mommies® better. I have some ideas, like avoiding phrases she 10 that I don’t like, such as “Just a minute.” “You need to wait.” and “Don’t eat that.” I hope you can help me fix my Mommy® soon. Sincerely, Reese 1．A．working B．playing C．programming D．teaching 2．A．friends B．needs C．questions D．eyes 3．A．grow B．stop C．develop D．change 4．A．noon B．evening C．morning D．afternoon 5．A．feelings B．meanings C．rules D．ideas 6．A．less B．worse C．more D．better 7．A．stop B．try C．enjoy D．finish 8．A．afraid B．tired C．sure D．careful 9．A．so B．though C．because D．but 10．A．speaks B．talks C．shares D．says 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文以幽默的儿童口吻，假借向客服投诉“Mommy®”产品故障的形式，描述了妈妈在孩子成长过程中行为与态度的变化，反映了亲子关系随孩子成长而面临的挑战。 1．句意：我和她相处两年了，她不如以前那样运转良好了。 working工作、运转；playing玩耍；programming编程；teaching教学。此处将妈妈比作一个产品，描述其功能“运转”不佳，与下文的行为变化相呼应。故选A。 2．句意：她总是很关注我，并且能迅速满足我的需求，不会给我带来任何问题。 friends朋友；needs需求；questions问题；eyes眼睛。根据语境，妈妈能快速响应孩子的需求。故选B。 3．句意：但在过去一年，我注意到她开始改变了。 grow成长；stop停止；develop发展；change改变。根据“For example, she used to come to get me right away…I thought I could use the big bed until the third year.”可知，下文通过举例如夜间回应方式变化说明妈妈行为发生了“改变”。故选D。 4．句意：她曾经会在我夜晚哭泣时立刻来接我，并让我陪她直到早上。 noon正午；evening傍晚；morning早晨；afternoon下午。根据“at night”和“Go back to sleep!”的可知，孩子哭泣后需要妈妈陪伴直到天亮。故选C。 5．句意：是我理解错规则了吗？ feelings感受；meanings含义；rules规则；ideas主意。根据“I thought I could use the big bed until the third year.”可知，孩子以为自己可以“使用大床到第三年”，这是对产品使用“规则”的误解。故选C。 6．句意：似乎我越不开心，她就越不关心。 less更少；worse更糟；more更多；better更好。根据“the unhappier I am”可知，此处为“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”为固定句型，意为“越……越……”。根据“Now, she just sighs (叹气) and rolls (翻转) her eyes when I cry on the floor.”可知，她的关心变少了。故选A。 7．句意：无论如何，我会尝试更频繁地做这些行为，看看是否有帮助。 stop停止；try尝试；enjoy享受；finish完成。根据语境，孩子认为妈妈对自己哭闹等行为反应变冷淡，于是决定尝试更频繁地做这些行为来测试效果，带有孩童天真试探的语气，符合语境。故选B。 8．句意：尽管她很擅长在早上7点煮咖啡，在晚上7点说“该睡觉了”，但她看几次《Baby Shark》就烦了。 afraid害怕的；tired厌倦的；sure确定的；careful小心的。此处描述妈妈对重复看同一视频感到“厌倦”，get tired of 为固定搭配。故选B。 9．句意：我知道最近一些妈妈们不像以前那样好好工作了，因为她们无法充分充电。 so所以；though尽管；because因为；but但是。根据“they can’t recharge (充电) fully, I think this is a good time to make Mommies® better. ”可知，后半句“无法充分充电”是解释妈妈们工作不佳的“原因”。故选C。 10．句意：我有一些主意，比如避免她说那些我不喜欢的短语。 speaks说（语言）；talks谈话；shares分享；says说（内容）。根据“that I don’t like”可知，此处需及物动词，后接宾语（短语）。“say phrases/words”为常见搭配，意为“说……的话”。故选D。 二、阅读理解（每空2分，共20分） A Many people think it’s important and good for health to wash the food before cooking it. However, for some food like eggs, washing can do more harm (害处) than good. People like to wash the shell (壳) before they cook the egg. They want to make sure there’s no dirt or germs (细菌) on the egg. But they don’t need to do this, because factories will do the cleaning work when they sell the eggs. There is a coating on the shell of the egg. The coating can help keep the egg away from germs. When factories do the cleaning work, they wash away the coating and put a kind of special thing on the egg shell. It is there to keep germs from coming inside the egg. “Of course there’re germs on the egg, but by washing it, you make it worse. The egg shell is porous. The water can get germs into the egg when you wash it,” says health expert Amy Leigh Mercree. “And this can happen more easily when you use cold water or running water.” “So don’t wash eggs—save yourself some time and keep the germs where they are,” Mercree says. 1．Washing eggs before cooking them is ________. A．difficult B．healthy C．bad D．important 2．What do factories do with eggs? A．They wash away all the germs on the eggs. B．They spend much time washing eggs. C．They wash eggs with special water. D．They use a special thing to keep eggs away from germs. 3．What does the underlined word “porous” in paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．保护的 B．可渗透的 C．坚硬的 D．杀菌的 4．What will happen when people wash eggs with cold water? A．The egg shells will get broken easily. B．The water will go inside the eggs. C．Germs will go inside the eggs easily. D．There won’t be germs on the egg shells. 5．Which is the best title for this material? A．How to cook eggs well B．No washing before cooking eggs C．It’s better to buy eggs from farmers D．How to get germs away from eggs 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了许多人认为在做饭前清洗食物很重要，觉得这样对健康有好处。然而，对于像鸡蛋这样的食物，清洗的话可能弊大于利。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, for some food like eggs, washing can do more harm (害处) than good.”可知清洗鸡蛋弊大于利。由此可知这样做是不好的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“When factories do the cleaning work, they wash away the coating and put a kind of special thing on the egg shell. It is there to keep germs from coming inside the egg.”可知，厂家洗掉蛋壳上的涂层，在蛋壳上放一种特殊的东西，用来防止细菌进入鸡蛋内部的。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“The water can get germs into the egg when you wash it”可知，清洗时，水会将细菌带入鸡蛋，说明鸡蛋壳是可渗透的，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The egg shell is porous. The water can get germs into the egg when you wash it,…And this can happen more easily when you use cold water or running water.”可知，用水洗会让细菌渗入，当你使用冷水或自来水时，这种情况更容易发生。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据“However, for some food like eggs, washing can do more harm (害处) than good.”和“So don’t wash eggs”可知，文章告诉我们煮鸡蛋前不要洗。故选B。 B 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you know China Hanfu Day? 1 . China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar. It is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor (皇帝). In old China, this day was also known as Shangsi Festival. There are many shows on China Hanfu Day. 2 . Hanfu lovers from all over China come to take photos and put them online for a Hanfu photo competition (竞赛). It helps young Chinese learn about traditional clothing and Chinese culture. Hanfu is the special clothing of the Han people. Han people lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. 3 . But some of its main characteristics (特征) are the same. For example, there are two parts overlapping (交叉) on the front, 4 . China is becoming a strong country in the world, and the Chinese people feel more confident (自信的) about its traditional culture than before. 5 . A．which is called “Jiao Ling”. B．Do you know when the day is? C．Hanfu is usually loose and has a belt. D．People wear different kinds of Hanfu on that day. E．Hanfu spreads traditional Chinese culture and looks beautiful. F．Hanfu has a history of about 3,000 years and it also changes. G．Wearing traditional clothing may be a way of showing how confident they are. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国汉服日的时间、相关活动，以及汉服的特点，同时体现了汉服与中国传统文化自信的关联。 1．根据前文“Do you know China Hanfu Day?” 的提问，结合后文“China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar.”对汉服日时间的说明，此处需衔接“询问时间”的内容。选项B“你知道这个节日是什么时候吗”符合语境，故选B。 2．根据前文“There are many shows on China Hanfu Day.”以及后文“Hanfu lovers from all over China come to take photos...”可知，此处需体现汉服日当天人们的穿着行为。选项D“在那天，人们会穿上不同款式的汉服” 符合语境，故选D。 3．根据前文“Han people lived in China before the Qing Dynasty.”以及后文“But some of its main characteristics are the same.”的转折可知，此处需说明汉服的历史与变化。选项F“汉服有大约3000年的历史，并且它也在变化”能衔接历史与变化后特征仍保留的逻辑，符合语境，故选F。 4．根据前文“For example, there are two parts overlapping on the front”可知，此处需补充这一设计的名称。选项A“这被称为‘交领’”是对前襟交叉设计的解释，符合语境，故选A。 5．根据前文“the Chinese people feel more confident about its traditional culture than before.”可知，此处需体现“穿汉服”与“文化自信”的关联。选项G“穿传统服饰或许是一种展现他们自信的方式”符合语境，故选G。 三、任务型阅读（每空2分，共10分） 阅读短文，回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 On a sunny day, Mother Hen is playing with her children on the grass. Later, they are hungry, so Mother Hen takes her children out to look for food. She finds a grain of wheat (麦子). So she asks her children to plant it in the garden. But they are too lazy and don’t want to do it. Mother Hen has to do it herself. A few months later, they get a lot of wheat. She asks her children, “Who would you like to take the wheat to the shop and get some flour (面粉)?” But they don’t want to do it. So she takes the wheat to the shop and brings the flour home. After getting home, she asks, “Who will make some bread with the flour?” They all say, “I’m not free.” When she makes the bread, she says to her chickens, “Who wants to eat the bread?” “I will,” they all say. “No, you can’t. You don’t want to do anything before I make the bread. You must know ‘No pains, no gains (一分耕耘，一分收获).’ ” She doesn’t give any bread to them and she eats it herself. 1．Where are the chickens playing? 2．Why does Mother Hen take her children out to look for food? 3．When do they get a lot of wheat? 4．Who eats the bread at last, Mother Hen or her children? 5．What do you think of the children? 【答案】1．On the grass. 2．Because they are hungry. 3．A few months later. 4．Mother Hen. 5．They are too lazy./Too lazy./I think they are too lazy. 【导语】本文是一篇关于母鸡和小鸡们的故事。母鸡要求小鸡们参与种植和加工麦子，但小鸡们因懒惰而不愿意。 1．根据“On a sunny day, Mother Hen is playing with her children on the grass.”可知，母鸡和她的孩子们在草地上玩耍。故填On the grass. 2．根据“Later, they are hungry, so Mother Hen takes her children out to look for food.”可知，后来，他们饿了，所以母鸡带着她的孩子们出去寻找食物。故填Because they are hungry. 3．根据“A few months later, they get a lot of wheat.”可知，几个月后，他们收获了很多小麦。故填A few months later. 4．根据“She doesn’t give any bread to them and she eats it herself.”可知，母鸡自己吃了面包，故填Mother Hen. 5．通读全文可知，小鸡们不愿意参与种植和加工小麦，他们很懒惰，故填They are too lazy./Too lazy./I think they are too lazy. 根据短文内容, 选择正确的选项并回答问题。（每空2分，共8分） Long ago, an old man found that he had run out of food. He hitched a small cart (马车) to his horse and went to look for coconuts (椰子). Coconuts grow high in coconut trees. The man was too old to climb trees, so he looked for coconuts that had fallen to the ground. After walking a long way, he finally filled his cart with coconuts and then started his way home. After a short time, the man saw a boy walking down the road. He asked the boy, “Is the village near? Will it take me long to get home?” The boy looked at the cart full of coconuts. Then he said, “If you go fast, it will take a long time. If you go slowly, you will be home soon.” “What a foolish boy,” the man thought. He made his horse go fast and many of the coconuts fell off the cart. It took a long time to pick them up and put them back on the cart. “Now I have wasted time picking up coconuts,” the man said. “I had better hurry so I can get home soon.” Once again, the man made his horse go fast. Once again, coconuts fell off the cart. The man stopped to pick them all up. Finally, the old man thought about the boy’s words. “________,” he said. He made his horse go slowly, and soon he was home. 1．Why did the old man have to go to look for coconuts? A．Because he wanted to have a trip. B．Because he liked to eat coconuts. C．Because he didn’t have food to eat. D．Because coconuts were easy to carry. 2．What did the boy mean when he said, “If you go fast, it will take a long time.”? A．The road was not safe for a fast horse. B．Going too fast could make things go wrong. C．The boy wanted the old man to have a rest. D．The old man should move quickly to save time. 3．What’s the best title for the story? A．A Foolish Boy B．A Hard-working Man C．The Man and His Horse D．The Man and the Coconuts 4．What might the old man say in the end? (No more than 10 words.) 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．The boy was right. 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位因食物耗尽去寻找椰子的老人，在返程途中遇到一个男孩告知其快慢赶路的不同结果，老人起初不信，试图匆忙赶回家，却因为车上不断掉落的椰子而拖延了时间，最后领悟男孩话语，这个故事揭示了“欲速则不达”的道理，即有时过于急功近利反而会导致更大的延误。 1．细节理解题。根据“Long ago, an old man found that he had run out of food. He hitched a small cart (马车) to his horse and went to look for coconuts (椰子).”可知，老人必须去寻找椰子是因为他没有食物吃。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据下文“He made his horse go fast and many of the coconuts fell off the cart. It took a long time to pick them up and put them back on the cart.”以及“He made his horse go slowly, and soon he was home.”可知，男孩说的话的意思是走太快可能会出现问题，导致花费更多的时间。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕老人寻找椰子，返回途中和男孩的对话以及因速度快慢导致椰子掉落等一系列的事情展开的，所以D项更符合。故选D。 4．根据上文“Finally, the old man thought about the boy’s words.”及下文“He made his horse go slowly, and soon he was home.”可知，此时老人意识到男孩说的话是正确的。故填The boy was right. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $