专题02 特殊疑问句、可数名词&不可数名词(寒假复习讲义)六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

2025-12-31
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教版(五四学制)六年级上册
年级 六年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-寒假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 上海市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.80 MB
发布时间 2025-12-31
更新时间 2025-12-31
作者 来自云上的虾
品牌系列 上好课·寒假轻松学
审核时间 2025-12-31
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来源 学科网

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专题02 特殊疑问句、可数名词&不可数名词 内容导航 考点聚焦:归纳核心,有的放矢 重点速记:查漏补缺,即时巩固 复习提升:综合提升,全面突破 重点01 特殊疑问句 知识精讲 特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词(疑问词+一般疑问句)开头,用于对句子中某一特定部分(如人、物、时间、地点、原因、方式等)进行提问的句子,回答时需针对疑问点具体回应,不能用Yes/No回答。 例:— What is your name?(你的名字是什么?) — My name is Lily.(我的名字是莉莉。) ( 考点一 特殊疑问句的用法 ) 疑问词/疑问词组 提问对象 用法说明 例句 What 事物、动作、职业等 最常用,可单独使用,也可搭配名词(What + 名词) ① What is this?(这是什么?) ② What does he do?(他是做什么的?= 询问职业) ③ What time is it?(几点了?= 固定搭配) Who 人(主格、宾格均可) 提问主语时,后面直接跟陈述句语序;提问宾语时,需用一般疑问句语序 ① Who is your teacher?(谁是你的老师?= 提问主语) ② Who are you talking to?(你在和谁说话?= 提问宾语) Whose 物品的归属(谁的) 后面必须跟名词,构成“Whose + 名词”结构 ① Whose book is this?(这是谁的书?)② Whose pens are those?(那些是谁的钢笔?) Where 地点、位置 直接提问地点,可搭配be动词或实义动词 ① Where is your school?(你的学校在哪里?) ② Where do you live?(你住在哪里?) When 时间 提问具体时间点、时间段,可搭配一般现在时、一般过去时等 ① When do you get up?(你什么时候起床?) ② When is your birthday?(你的生日是什么时候?) Why 原因 回答时必须用because(因为)引导原因状语从句 ① Why do you like English?(你为什么喜欢英语?) ② Because it’s interesting.(因为它很有趣。) How 方式、方法、身体状况、程度等 可单独使用,也可搭配形容词/副词(How + 形容词/副词)或固定词组 ① How do you go to school?(你怎么去上学?= 提问方式) ② How are you?(你好吗?= 提问身体状况) ③ How many books do you have?(你有多少本书?= 搭配many) How many 可数名词的数量(多少) 后面跟可数名词复数形式,提问数量 How many students are there in your class?(你们班有多少名学生?) How much 不可数名词的数量、价格(多少/多少钱) 1. 提问不可数名词数量:跟不可数名词; 2. 提问价格:直接使用 ① How much milk do you need?(你需要多少牛奶?= 不可数名词) ② How much is this pen?(这支钢笔多少钱?= 价格) How long 时间的长度for+时间段、物体的长度 1.提问时长 2.提问物体长度 ①How long do you practice piano every day?(你每天练钢琴多久?) ②How long is the Huangpu River?(黄浦江多长?) How often 频度副词、频率短语 提问频率 “多久一次” How often do you go to the library?(你多久去一次图书馆?) How soon in + 时间段 提问......之后 How soon will you finish your homework? How far 路程 提问路程 How far is it from the library to that supermarket ? ( 考点 二 特殊疑问句的基本结构 ) 基本结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ 一般疑问句语序? 1. 句子中有be动词(am/is/are) 结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ am/is/are + 主语 + 其他? 例1: 原句:This is a book.(这是一本书。)→ 对“a book”提问:What is this?(这是什么?) 例2: 原句:They are in the park.(他们在公园里。)→ 对“in the park”提问:Where are they?(他们在哪里?) 例3: 原句:Her birthday is on October 1st.(她的生日在10月1日。)→ 对“on October 1st”提问:When is her birthday?(她的生日是什么时候?) 2. 句子中有实义动词(如eat、play、live、like等) 结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(注意:主语是三单时用does,非三单时用do;does后面的动词必须变原形) 例1: 原句:I eat breakfast at 7:00.(我7点吃早饭。)→ 对“at 7:00”提问:When do you eat breakfast?(你什么时候吃早饭?)(主语I是非三单,用do) 例2: 原句:He plays football every weekend.(他每周踢足球。)→ 对“plays football”提问:What does he do every weekend?(他每周做什么?)(主语he是三单,用does,play变原形) 例3: 原句:She has three pens.(她有三支钢笔。)→ 对“three”提问:How many pens does she have?(她有多少支钢笔?)(How many + 复数名词pens,主语三单用does) 3. 特殊情况:Who/What提问主语 结构:Who/What + 陈述句语序?(不需要加do/does或am/is/are,直接用主语+动词) 例1: 原句:Tom is reading a book.(汤姆正在看书。)→ 对“Tom”提问:Who is reading a book?(谁正在看书?)(Who作主语,后面跟陈述句语序) 例2: 原句:A cat is on the desk.(一只猫在桌子上。)→ 对“A cat”提问:What is on the desk?(桌子上是什么?)(What作主语,后面跟陈述句语序) ( 考点 三 特殊疑问句的句型转换步骤 ) 将陈述句改为特殊疑问句的4个步骤: 定:确定要提问的部分(即“疑问点”,如人、物、时间、地点等); 选:根据疑问点选择对应的特殊疑问词(组); 变:将原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句语序(有be动词提be动词,有实义动词加do/does); 连:将特殊疑问词(组)和变化后的一般疑问句连接起来,句末加问号。 示例:原句:She goes to school by bike.(她骑自行车去上学。) 步骤1:确定疑问点——“by bike”(方式); 步骤2:选疑问词——How; 步骤3:剩余部分变一般疑问句:does she go to school; 步骤4:连接——How does she go to school?(她怎么去上学?) 易错点: 1. 用does提问时,后面的实义动词忘记变原形:如 错误:How does he goes to school? → 正确:How does he go to school? 2. 回答Why提问时,忘记用because:如 错误:Why do you late? → 正确回答:Because I missed the bus. 好题精练 1.—________ do you go to the museum? —Once a month. A.How long B.How many C.How often D.How much 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你多久去一次博物馆?——每月一次。 考查特殊疑问句。how long多长时间;how many多少;how often多久一次;how much多少钱。根据“Once a month”可知此处询问频率,疑问词用how often。故选C。 2.________ your new school like? A.How B.How is C.What D.What is 【答案】D 【详解】句意:你现在的新学校是什么样的? 考查特殊疑问句。how如何;what什么。此处是结构what is/are sb./sth. like,意为“某人/某物是……样的”。故选D。 3.—What ________ the visiting student ________? —He’s tall and thin. A.is; look like B.does; look like C./; look D.does; like 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——来访的那个学生长什么样?——他又高又瘦。 考查特殊疑问句。根据答语“He’s tall and thin.”可知,问句提问外貌,应用句型“What does/do+主语+look like?”,主语the visiting student是单数,所以此处应用助动词does。故选B。 4.—________ will these two soccer teams play another game? —In three days. A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How much 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这两支足球队多久之后会再进行一场比赛?——三天后。 考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久以后,常用于从现在到未来某事发生的时间间隔;How often多久一次,常用于对动作发生的频率提问;How long多长(时间),常用于时间或物体长度;How much多少(钱),常用于对不可数名词的数量或价格提问。根据“...will these two soccer teams play another game?”和“In three days.”可知,问的是从现在开始,足球队“多久之后”会再进行一场比赛。故选A。 5.—__________ do you search for information? —On the Internet. A.What B.How C.When D.Where 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你在哪里搜索信息?——在互联网上。 考查特殊疑问句。What什么;How怎样;When什么时候;Where在哪里。根据答语“On the Internet.”可知,此处询问地点,应用疑问词Where。故选D。 6.—__________ is the best way to predict the weather? —Using weather satellites. A.What B.How C.When D.Where 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——预测天气的最好方法是什么?——使用气象卫星。 考查特殊疑问句。What什么;How如何,怎样;When什么时候;Where在哪里。根据答语“Using weather satellites.”可知,此处是指使用气象卫星是预测天气的最好方法,应用“What”作特殊疑问词。故选A。 7.—________ do you go to school? —By bike. A.What B.How C.When D.Where 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你如何去上学?——骑自行车。 考查特殊疑问句。What什么;How怎样;When何时;Where哪里。根据答语“By bike”可知,是对上学的方式进行提问,故选B。 8. —________ is it from your school to the zoo? —It’s about 10 kilometers. A.How far B.How old C.How much D.How long 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——从你们学校到动物园有多远?——大约10公里。 考查特殊疑问句。how far多远;how old多大,几岁;how much多少钱;how long多长,多久。根据“It’s about 10 kilometers.”可知,空处询问的应是距离。故选A。 9.________ can high-speed trains run from Shanghai to Beijing? A.How fast B.How soon C.How long D.How tall 【答案】A 【详解】句意:从上海到北京的高铁能跑多快? 考查特殊疑问句。How fast多快;How soon多久以后;How long多长时间;How tall多高。根据“…can high-speed trains run from Shanghai to Beijing?”可知,此处询问高铁的运行速度。故选A。 10.—________ does Tom go back to Hunan with his family every year? —By plane, then by car, I guess. A.When B.Where C.Who D.How 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——汤姆每年怎么和家人回湖南?——我猜是乘飞机,然后开车。 考查特殊疑问句。when什么时候;where哪里;who谁;how如何。根据“By plane, then by car”可知此处询问交通方式,疑问词用how。故选D。 11.—________ does the football training last each day?      —Forty minutes. A.How often B.How long C.How far D.How fast 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——足球训练每天持续多久?——四十分钟。 考查特殊疑问句。how often多久一次;how long多长时间;how far多远;how fast多快。根据“Forty minutes.”可知此处询问时间段,疑问词用how long。故选B。 12.—________ do you spend on the your homework every day? —About one and a half hours. A.How many B.How much C.How often D.How long 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你每天花多少时间做作业?——大约一个半小时。 考查特殊疑问句。How many多少,修饰可数名词复数;How much多少 (钱),修饰不可数名词;How often多久一次;How long多长时间。根据回答“About one and a half hours.”可知,问句应询问时间长度,故选D。 重点02可数名词和不可数名词 知识精讲 一、定义与区分标准 1. 可数名词:可以直接数出数量的名词,有单数和复数两种形式。 例:book(书)→ books;student(学生)→ students;apple(苹果)→ apples 2. 不可数名词:无法直接数出数量的名词,只有单数形式,没有复数形式。通常是液体、气体、粉末、抽象概念等。 例:water(水)、milk(牛奶)、air(空气)、rice(米饭)、bread(面包)、money(钱)、time(时间)、happiness(快乐) 区分小技巧(上海教材常用):能说“a/an + 名词”或“数词 + 名词”的是可数名词;不能说的是不可数名词(需搭配量词)。 例:a book(可数)、three pens(可数);不能说a water(不可数),要说a glass of water(一杯水) 二、常见可数/不可数名词分类表 类别 常见名词 注意事项 可数名词 1. 物品类:book、pen、bag、desk、chair、door、window; 2. 人物类:student、teacher、doctor、nurse、parent、child(复数children); 3. 食物类:apple、banana、orange、egg、hamburger; 4. 其他:dog、cat、tree、flower、city、country 注意不规则复数变化(如child→children、foot→feet) 不可数名词 1. 液体:water、milk、juice、tea、coffee、soup; 2. 食物:rice、bread、meat、fish(鱼肉)、chicken(鸡肉)、sugar(糖)、flour(面粉); 3. 抽象概念:time(时间)、money(钱)、work(工作)、homework(家庭作业)、news(新闻)、music(音乐); 4. 其他:air、weather(天气)、hair(头发,整体)、paper(纸) 部分名词可可数可不可数(如fish:鱼肉不可数,鱼的数量可数;paper:纸不可数,试卷/论文可数) 三、可数名词的单复数变化 1. 规则变化(占90%以上) 变化规则 例词 一般情况:直接加-s book→books、pen→pens、student→students、dog→dogs 以s、x、ch、sh结尾:加-es bus→buses、box→boxes、watch→watches、brush→brushes 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾:变y为i,加-es city→cities、family→families、baby→babies、story→stories 以“元音字母 + y”结尾:直接加-s boy→boys、toy→toys、key→keys 以f/fe结尾:变f/fe为v,加-es knife→knives、leaf→leaves、wife→wives 以o结尾:有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s 有生命:tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes;无生命:photo→photos、radio→radios 2. 不规则变化 单数形式 复数形式 备注 child children 高频考点 man men 同类:woman→women、policeman→policemen foot feet 同类:tooth→teeth fish fish(数量)/ fishes(种类) “鱼肉不可数,数量可数(单复数同形)” sheep sheep 单复数同形 China Chinese 高频考点 四、数量表达方法 1. 可数名词的数量表达 (1)单数:a/an + 可数名词单数(a用在辅音音素开头的词前,an用在元音音素开头的词前) 例:a book(一本书)、an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一小时,h不发音,元音音素开头) (2)复数:数词(one、two、three...)+ 可数名词复数 例:two pens(两支钢笔)、five students(五名学生)、ten tomatoes(十个西红柿) (3)不确定数量:some(一些,肯定句)、any(一些,否定句/疑问句)、many(许多,修饰复数) 例:① I have some books.(肯定句)② Do you have any books?(疑问句)③ There are many trees in the park.(许多树) 2. 不可数名词的数量表达(重点难点) 不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰,必须搭配“量词短语”,结构:数词 + 量词(单位)+ of + 不可数名词(量词有单复数变化) 不可数名词 常用量词 数量表达示例 water/milk/juice glass(杯)、bottle(瓶) a glass of water(一杯水)、two bottles of milk(两瓶牛奶) tea/coffee cup(杯) a cup of tea(一杯茶)、three cups of coffee(三杯咖啡) rice/bread bowl(碗)、piece(片/块) a bowl of rice(一碗米饭)、two pieces of bread(两片面包) meat/chicken(鸡肉) piece(块)、kilo(千克) a piece of meat(一块肉)、three kilos of chicken(三千克鸡肉) paper(纸) piece(张) four pieces of paper(四张纸) 补充:不可数名词的不确定数量用some(肯定句)、any(否定/疑问)、much(许多,修饰不可数) 例:① I have some milk.(肯定句)② Do you have any milk?(疑问句)③ There is much water in the bottle.(瓶子里有很多水) 五、主谓一致(可数/不可数名词配套考点) 1. 可数名词单数作主语:谓语动词用单数(三单形式) 例:The book is on the desk.(这本书在桌子上。)、He has a pen.(他有一支钢笔。) 2. 可数名词复数作主语:谓语动词用复数(原形) 例:The books are on the desk.(这些书在桌子上。)、They have some pens.(他们有一些钢笔。) 3. 不可数名词作主语:谓语动词用单数(三单形式) 例:Water is important.(水很重要。)、There is some milk in the glass.(杯子里有一些牛奶。) 4. 量词短语作主语:谓语动词的单复数由“量词”决定 例:① A glass of water is on the table.(一杯水在桌子上。→ 量词glass是单数,谓语用is)② Two glasses of water are on the table.(两杯⽔在桌子上。→ 量词glasses是复数,谓语用are) 六、易错点提醒 1. 不可数名词加复数s:如错误:two breads → 正确:two pieces of bread 2. 量词短语中量词忘记变复数:如错误:three glass of milk → 正确:three glasses of milk 3. a/an用错:如错误:an book → 正确:a book;错误:a apple → 正确:an apple 4. many修饰不可数名词:如错误:many milk → 正确:much milk 5. 不可数名词作主语时谓语用复数:如错误:The water are cold. → 正确:The water is cold. 6. 不规则复数变化记错:如错误:childs → 正确:children;错误:mans → 正确:men 好题精练 1.—How ________ apple trees ________ you see in the picture? —I can see eleven. A.many; can B.much; do C.many; does D.much; can 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——在这幅画中你能看到多少棵苹果树?——我能看到十一棵。 考查特殊疑问句和情态动词。How many意为“多少”,对可数名词的数量提问;How much意为“多少”,对不可数名词的数量或价格提问。apple trees是可数名词,所以用how many提问,排除B、D;根据答语“I can see eleven.”可知,问句中有can。故选A。 2.—Excuse me. ________ is the post office from here? —It’s five minutes’ bus ride. A.How long B.How far C.How many D.How much 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——打扰一下。邮局离这儿有多远?——乘公共汽车要五分钟。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长;How far多远;How many多少;How much多少钱。根据“It’s five minutes’ bus ride.”可知,对距离提问,故选B。 3.— ________ did it take to get to Dalian by plane? —For one and a half hours. A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How fast 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——坐飞机到大连花了多长时间?——一个半小时。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多久;How much多少;How many多少;How fast多快。答语“For one and a half hours.”表一段时间,用How long对其提问。故选A。 4.— Are there three ________ in the picture?     — No, they are three________. A.fox; wolf B.fox; wolves C.foxes; wolf D.foxes; wolves 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——图片里有三只狐狸吗?——不,它们是三只狼。 考查名词复数形式。fox 狐狸;wolf 狼。根据“there three”可知,两处均需使用复数形式,故选D。 5.I will move some ________ from this house to another to make room for my piano. A.desk B.chair C.bookshelf D.furniture 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我将把一些家具从这所房子搬到另一所房子,为我的钢琴腾出地方。 考查名词辨析。desk桌子;chair椅子;bookshelf书架;furniture家具。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,furniture不可数名词。故选D。 6.Eric and I are in the same grade,  but in different ________. A.class B.a class C.the class D.classes 【答案】D 【详解】句意:埃里克和我在同一个年级,但在不同的班级。 考查可数名词的复数。根据“Eric and I are in the same grade, but in different...”可知,此处表达在同一个年级但是不在同一个班级,表泛指不同的多个事物,用复数形式classes。故选D。 7.—What can you see on the farm? —I can see some ________ and ________. A.sheep; plant B.sheeps; plant C.sheep; plants D.sheeps; plants 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你在农场看到了什么?——我可以看到一些绵羊和植物。 考查名词的数。some后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式,sheep单复同形;plant的复数为plants。故选C。 8.I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A.fish; eggs B.fishes; egg C.chickens; carrots D.chicken; carrot 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我过着健康的生活。我午餐经常吃鱼和鸡蛋。 考查名词的单复数形式。fish作为“鱼肉”时单复数同形;eggs是egg的复数形式;fishes通常指不同种类的鱼;chickens通常指鸡的复数;chicken鸡肉;carrots是carrot的复数形式。此处是关于午餐食物,因此fishes和chickens不符合,排除B、C,D项carrot应用复数形式,故选A。 9.Look! There is a dog, two ________ and two ________ in the picture. A.cows; sheeps B.mice; tiger C.gooses; snakes D.foxes; wolves 【答案】D 【详解】句意:看!图片上有一只狗,两只狐狸和两只狼。 考查名词的数。cows奶牛,复数名词;sheeps表述错误;mice老鼠,复数名词;tiger老虎,单数名词;gooses表述错误;snakes蛇,复数名词;foxes狐狸,复数名词;wolves狼,复数名词。根据题干可知,两个空格前均是基数词two,后跟可数名词复数形式,故选D。 10.Look! Those ________ are eating ________. A.child; apple B.children; apples C.childs; apples D.childrens; apple 【答案】B 【详解】句意:看啊!那些孩子在吃苹果。 考查可数名词复数。根据空格前“those”可知,第一空应该填可数名词复数,child 的复数形式是 children;apple是可数名词,此处也应用复数形式apples。故选B。 11.—What animals do you like? —I like ________ because they are very cute. A.tiger B.a tiger C.tigers D.the tiger 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么动物?——我喜欢老虎因为它们很可爱。 考查名词用法。根据“because they are very cute”可知,此处用可数名词复数tigers表类别。故选C。 12.There _______ some orange juice and many _______ on the table. A.are; oranges B.is; oranges C.is; orange D.are; orange 【答案】B 【详解】句意:桌子上有一些橙汁和许多橙子。 考查主谓一致和名词的用法。分析句子结构可知,句子为there be句型,遵循就近原则,“some orange juice”为不可数名词,be动词应用is;根据空前“many”可知,此处应用名词复数形式oranges。故选B。 真题感知 1.(2023·上海·中考真题)The detective succeeded in finding the criminal within a week. (对划线部分提问) _________ did the detective succeed in _________ within a week? 【答案】What doing 【详解】句意:侦探在一周内就成功地找到了那个罪犯。题目要求对划线部分进行提问,划线部分为“finding the criminal”,对动作进行提问应用“do what”,且位于介词in,所以do要变成doing。故填What;doing。 2.(2022·上海·中考真题)It is about 20 kilometres from our school to the National Forest Park.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ is it from our school to the National Forest Park? 【答案】 How far 【详解】句意:从我们学校到国家森林公园的距离大约是 20 公里。题目要求对划线部分进行提问,划线部分为“20 kilometres”,对距离进行提问应用“how far”,且位于句首 how首字母应大写。故填 How;far。 3.(2021·上海·中考真题)The government has spent 10 million yuan improving the water quality. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has the government spent improving the water quality? 【答案】How much 【详解】句意:政府已花费1000万元改善水质。划线部分“10 million yuan”表示金钱数额,此处问花了多少钱要用how much提问,放句首首字母要大写。故填How;much。 4.(2023·上海·中考真题)The boy collected some fallen _________ and made a nice artwork. (leaf) 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意:这个男孩收集了一些落叶,做了一件漂亮的艺术品。leaf“叶子”,可数名词单数;some修饰可数名词的复数,故用其复数形式leaves。故填 leaves。 5.(2022·上海·中考真题)There are many different _________ in that small garden. (plant) 【答案】plants 【详解】句意:那个小花园里有许多不同的植物。plant“植物”,名词;many 修饰可数名词的复数,故用其复数形式。故填 plants。 6.(2021·上海·中考真题)I live near my school. It takes me only ten ________ to walk there. (minute) 【答案】minutes 【详解】句意:我住在学校附近。步行去那里只需要十分钟。minute分钟,是名词,有数词ten修饰,用复数名词,故填minutes。 综合提升练 一、单词适当形式填空 1. from different countries came to the city to report on the international meeting yesterday. (report) 【答案】Reporters 【详解】句意:来自不同国家的记者昨天来到这座城市,报道这次国际会议。根据“from different countries”可知,此处应用report的名词reporter表示“记者”,并且应用其复数形式表泛指。故填Reporters。 2.The heavy rain drummed loudly on many houses’ . (roof) 【答案】roofs 【详解】句意:大雨在许多房子的屋顶上猛烈地敲打着。“roof”意为“屋顶”,根据“many houses”可知,此处需用其复数形式“roofs”,表示多个屋顶。故填roofs。 3.The fireman has saved thousands of . (life) 【答案】lives 【详解】句意:消防队员已经救了成千上万条人命。“life”生命,可数名词;根据“thousands of”可知,此处使用复数形式。故填lives。 4.Look at these (photo). I took them last winter. 【答案】photos 【详解】句意:看这些照片。我去年冬天拍摄的。photo“照片”,these修饰可数名词复数,故填photos。 5.It is a good habit to brush your twice every day. (tooth) 【答案】teeth 【详解】句意:每天刷两次牙是一个好习惯。tooth牙齿,是一个名词。根据常识可知,这里应用名词的复数形式。故填teeth。 6.We can take up some and start to make friends with others. (hobby) 【答案】hobbies 【详解】句意:我们可以培养一些爱好,开始和别人交朋友。hobby“爱好”是可数名词,some后加复数,hobby的复数形式是hobbies。故填hobbies。 7.I would like to meet friends from different in the world. (country) 【答案】countries 【详解】句意:我想要结识来自世界上不同国家的朋友。different后接可数名词时,通常要用复数形式。故填countries。 8.I often see beautiful flying around the flowers in the garden on sunny days. (butterfly) 【答案】butterflies 【详解】句意:在阳光明媚的日子里,我经常看到美丽的蝴蝶在花园的花丛中飞来飞去。根据“flying around the flowers”可知,看到的蝴蝶不止一只,此处应用名词复数形式表泛指,butterfly的复数形式为butterflies。故填butterflies。 9.There were some big (change) in our school last year. 【答案】changes 【详解】句意:去年我们学校发生了一些大的变化。change“变化”,some修饰可数名词复数,故填changes。 10.In winter she wears thick socks, boots and (glove). 【答案】gloves 【详解】句意:冬天她穿着厚袜子、靴子和手套。“glove”意为“手套”,通常成对出现,所以这里要用复数形式“gloves”。故填gloves。 11.Look! There are some (leaf) on the ground. 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意:看!地上有些叶子。leaf是一个可数名词,当表示多个叶子时,需要使用其复数形式。根据“some”可知,这里需要用复数形式来表示“一些叶子”。leaf复数形式是leaves。故填leaves。 12.We usually have three (meal) every day. They are breakfast, lunch and dinner. 【答案】meals 【详解】句意:我们通常每天吃三顿饭。它们是早餐、午餐和晚餐。meal“饭”,可数名词,此处被three修饰,使用复数形式。故填meals。 13.The farmer checked on the in the barn to make sure they were healthy. (calf) 【答案】calves 【详解】句意:农夫检查了牛棚里的小牛,以确保它们是健康的。根据“they were healthy”可知,此处应填所给单词calf“小牛”的复数形式calves。故填calves。 14.—Two (glass) of lemon juice, please. —OK. Here you are. 【答案】glasses 【详解】句意:——请给我两杯柠檬汁。——好的。给你。根据“Two”可知,“two”后需要使用“glass”的复数形式,表示“两杯柠檬汁”。故填glasses。 15.I help my mother wash (dish) in the kitchen. 【答案】dishes 【详解】句意:我帮妈妈在厨房里洗盘子。dish“盘子”,此处应用可数名词复数形式表泛指,故填dishes。 16.This poem is too short. It just has three (line). 【答案】lines 【详解】句意:这首诗太短了。它只有三行。根据句中“three”可知,需要用可数名词的复数形式“lines”,表示“行”。故填lines。 17.How many (gate) does your school have? 【答案】gates 【详解】句意:你们学校有几个门?gate“门”,可数名词,根据“How many”可知,此处用复数。故填gates。 18.Anna and Tina have different (hobby). 【答案】hobbies 【详解】句意:安娜和蒂娜有不同的爱好。根据“different”可知,此处表示不同的爱好,需要用复数。故填hobbies。 19.Claire likes writing in her free time. (diary) 【答案】diaries 【详解】句意:克莱尔喜欢在空闲时间写日记。diary“日记”,此处表示泛指,用复数形式。故填diaries。 20.It’s said that there are more than 2.5 million (post) about cycling on the Internet. 【答案】posts 【详解】句意:据说网上有超过250万条关于骑自行车的帖子。post“邮件,帖子”,名词,“2.5 million”修饰名词复数。故填posts。 21.I think we need more (instruction). 【答案】instructions 【详解】句意:我认为我们需要更多的指示。instruction“指示”,more后跟可数名词复数形式。故填instructions。 22.She planned lots of fun for her son’s birthday party. (activity) 【答案】activities 【详解】句意:她为儿子的生日派对计划了许多有趣的活动。activity“活动”,可数名词,lots of后接名词复数,activity的复数是activities。故填activities。 23.We need to read and recite three English (text) today. 【答案】texts 【详解】句意:今天我们需要阅读和背诵三篇英语课文。根据“three English”及提示词可知,基数词three后应用名词复数形式,text“课文”,可数名词,复数形式为texts。故填texts。 24.Now read a vlog story about family (duty). 【答案】duties 【详解】句意:现在读一个关于家庭责任的视频博客故事。这里表示家庭的多种责任,用名词复数。故填duties。 25.The farmers worked tirelessly in the from sunrise to sunset. (field) 【答案】fields 【详解】句意:农民们从日出到日落在田地里不知疲倦地工作。field“田地”为可数名词,空处表泛指,需名词复数形式。故填fields。 二、句型转换 26.Lindong fell and hurt his ankle during the game.(对划线部分提问) to Lindong during the game? 【答案】What happened 【详解】句意:Lindong在比赛中摔倒,伤了脚踝。划线部分的意思是“摔倒了且伤了他的脚踝”,是指一件事,故应用what提问,句首首字母w应大写。根据“fell”和“hurt”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。What happened to sb.为固定搭配,意为“某人发生了什么事”。故填What;happened。 27.Students learn art and history and make friends in the calligraphy club. (对划线部分提问) in the calligraphy club? 【答案】What do students do 【详解】句意:学生们学习艺术和历史,在书法俱乐部交朋友。划线部分表示做的事情,应用疑问词what进行提问,位于句首,首字母要大写;learn是实义动词,变为一般疑问句,主语是students,句子时态为一般现在时,应借助助动词do,其后接动词原形do“做”。故填What do students do。 28.We should eat little salt every day. (对划线部分提问) every day? 【答案】How much salt should we eat/How much salt should you eat 【详解】句意:我们应该每天少吃盐。划线部分“little”表示数量,salt是不可数名词,应用how much进行提问,位于句首,首字母要大写;一般疑问句中,应将情态动词should提至主语前,主语应用we“我们”/you“你们”,其他部分保持不变。故填How much salt should we eat/How much salt should you eat。 29.I have three pairs of shoes. (对划线部分提问) pairs of shoes do you have? 【答案】How many 【详解】句意:我有三双鞋。划线部分表示数量,应用how many进行提问,位于句首,首字母要大写。故填How;many。 30.Our first class starts at 8:10. (对划线部分提问) your first class start? 【答案】When does 【详解】句意:我们的第一节课8点10分开始。划线部分是时间,疑问词用when;根据“starts”可知句子是一般现在时,主语是your first class,变疑问句借助助动词does。故填When;does。 31.We need eight glasses of water every day. (对划线部分提问) water do we need every day? 【答案】How much 【详解】句意:我们每天需要八杯水。划线部分表示水的量,而water“水”是不可数名词,应用how much来提问。故填How;much。 32.Her English teacher looks tall and slim. (对划线部分提问) does her English teacher look ? 【答案】What like 【详解】句意:她的英语老师看起来又高又苗条。划线部分“tall and slim”是对人的外貌特征的描述,对其提问用“What...look like?”的结构,意为“……看起来什么样?”。故填What;like。 33.I can use plastic bottles to make works of art. (对划线部分提问) you use plastic bottles to do? 【答案】What can 【详解】句意:我可以用塑料瓶制作艺术品。根据划线部分可知,这里表示动作的内容,用what进行提问,首字母大写,原句有情态动词 ,在疑问句中,情态动词需提前到主语前。故填What;can。 34.Lisa wants to be a doctor to save people’s lives in the future. (对划线部分提问) Lisa want to be a doctor in the future? 【答案】Why does 【详解】句意:丽莎想将来成为一名医生,去拯救人们的生命。划线部分to save people’s lives表示丽莎想成为医生的目的,即:她为什么想成为医生,所以用why“为什么”提问,句中时态为一般现在时,主语为Lisa,且含有实义动词want,所以借助助动词does,置于疑问词之后。故填Why;does。 35.Let’s have some pizza for lunch. (对划线部分提问) have for lunch? 【答案】What shall we 【详解】句意:我们午餐吃些比萨吧。划线部分“some pizza”表示食物,应用疑问词what进行提问;原句是以“Let’s”开头,应用“shall we”来提问建议。故填What;shall;we。 36.It’s your turn to clean the window in the dormitory. (对划线部分提问) is it to clean the window in the dormitory? 【答案】Whose turn 【详解】句意:轮到你擦宿舍的窗户了。对形容词性物主代词提问用whose“谁的”,后加名词turn。故填Whose;turn。 37.It takes Amy about 15 minutes to walk to school. (划线部分提问) to walk to school? 【答案】How long does it take Amy 【详解】句意:艾米步行去学校大约需要15分钟。划线部分“about 15 minutes”是时间段,对“做某事花费多长时间”提问用“How long does it take sb. to do sth.”句型。原句为一般现在时,主语是Amy,借助助动词does,后接动词原形take,保留it和to walk to school,句首首字母大写,即How long does it take Amy to walk to school? 故填How long does it take Amy。 38.People eat zongzi and have dragon boat races to remember Qu Yuan.  (对划线部分提问) people eat zongzi and have dragon boat races? 【答案】Why do 【详解】句意:人们吃粽子、赛龙舟来纪念屈原。画线部分表示目的,应用why提问,此句为一般现在时,句中“eat”为实义动词,主语“people”不是第三人称单数,用do提问。故填Why;do。 39.Lydia looks tall and slim. (划线部分提问) does Lydia look ? 【答案】What like 【详解】句意:莉迪亚看起来又高又苗条。根据划线部分“tall and slim”可知是询问莉迪亚的长相,“look like”意为“看起来像”,特殊疑问词用“What”。故填What;like。 40.Students like playing football after school because it is interesting. (对划线部分提问) students like playing football after school? 【答案】Why do 【详解】句意:学生们喜欢放学后踢足球,因为它很有趣 。划线部分是“because it is interesting”,喜欢踢足球的原因,对原因提问用“why”。原句是一般现在时,主语“students”是复数,借助助动词“do”构成疑问句。句首首字母大写。故填Why do。 41.There are thirty lemons in the box. (对划线部分提问) in the box? 【答案】How many lemons are there 【详解】句意:盒子里有三十个柠檬。根据题干可知,句子为there be句型,划线部分为数量,且主语lemons为复数,疑问词需用how many,句首首字母h需大写,结构应为“疑问词How many+主语lemons+are there+其他?”。故填How many lemons are there。 42.There are three bottles of cola in the fridge. (对划线部分提问) 【答案】How much cola is there in the fridge? 【详解】句意:冰箱里有三瓶可乐。划线部分对数量进行提问,cola是不可数名词,用how much,be动词用is。故填How much cola is there in the fridge? 43.They add a little salt to the soup. (对划线部分提问) 【答案】What do they add to the soup? 【详解】句意:他们往汤里加一点盐。划线部分a little salt表示物品,用what提问,原句采用一般现在时,主语为They,谓语动词是add,因此应借助助动词do,后接动词原形add。故填What do they add to the soup? 三、翻译 44.你一天喝多少杯水?(glass) 【答案】How many glasses of water do you drink a day? 【详解】根据汉语可知,此句是特殊疑问句,时态为一般现在时。how many“多少”,修饰可数名词复数;glass“杯”,可数名词;water“水”,不可数名词,how many glasses of water表示“多少杯水”;一般疑问句中,主语是you“你”,应借助助动词do,置于you前,动词用原形drink“喝”;a day“一天”,作状语。故填How many glasses of water do you drink a day? 45.我们不应该抚摸或投喂马儿。(pet) 【答案】We shouldn’t pet or feed the horses. 【详解】“我们”we;“不应该”shouldn’t;“抚摸”pet;“投喂”feed;“马儿”the horses;“抚摸或投喂马儿”是两个并列的动作,用“pet or feed the horses”表示;本句结合语境用“主语+shouldn’t+动词原形+其他”表示“……不应该……”。故填We shouldn’t pet or feed the horses. 46.Lin Dong和他的朋友在blog上分享他们的故事。(share) 【答案】Lin Dong and his friends share their stories on the blog. 【详解】根据汉语可知,本句时态是一般现在时。“与某人分享某物”用share sth with sb;“他们的故事”their stories;“他的朋友”his friends;“在博客里”用“on the blog”。故填Lin Dong and his friends share their stories on the blog. 47.我们可以收集旧衣物并送给贫穷地区的人们。(collect, send) 【答案】We can collect old clothes and send them to people in poor areas. 【详解】我们:We;可以:can,为情态动词,其后跟动词原形;收集旧衣物:collect old clothes;并:and;送给贫穷地区的人们:send them to people in poor areas。故填We can collect old clothes and send them to people in poor areas. 48.这些游客对中国文化很感兴趣。 【答案】These tourists are very interested in Chinese culture. 【详解】these“这些”,后接复数名词,注意句首单词首字母要大写;tourist“游客”,可数名词,此处用复数tourists;be interested in“对……感兴趣”,主语为复数,时态为一般现在时,be动词用are;very“很”,修饰形容词interested;Chinese culture“中国文化”。故填These tourists are very interested in Chinese culture. 49.你开始收集贝壳多长时间了?(collect) 【答案】How long do you start to collect seashells? 【详解】collect seashells“收集贝壳”,how long“多长时间”,you“你”,开始做某事用start to do,该句应用一般现在时,主语为you,助动词用do。故填How long do you start to collect seashells? 50.我们应该吃一些牛奶和豆制品(soy products)。 【答案】We should have some milk and soy products. 【详解】we“我们”,作主语;should“应该”;have“吃,喝”,情态动词后跟动词原形;some milk“一些牛奶”;and“和”;soy products“豆制品”。故填We should have some milk and soy products. 51.西瓜和草莓都是我最喜欢的水果。 【答案】Both watermelon and strawberry are my favorite fruits. 【详解】西瓜和草莓:both watermelon and strawberry,作主语,其中both用于强调两者都包含;主语是复数,be动词用are;我喜欢的水果:my favorite fruit,此处fruit用复数形式表示两种水果。故填Both watermelon and strawberry are my favorite fruits. 52.Kitty计划和父母一起乘坐高铁去昆明。 【答案】Kitty plans to take the high-speed train to Kunming with her parents. 【详解】分析题干可知,句子为陈述句,且时态为一般现在时;Kitty作主语;plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,动词短语,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词plan应用三单形式plans;take the high-speed train to Kunming“乘坐高铁去昆明”,动词短语;with her parents“和父母一起”,介词短语。故填Kitty plans to take the high-speed train to Kunming with her parents. 53.Charlie 总是给我很多建议。 【答案】Charilie always gives me a lot of/lots/much advice./Charlie always gives me a lot of/lots of/ many suggestions. 【详解】总是:always;给某人某物:give sb sth;我:me;很多:a lot of/lots of/many/much;建议:advice/suggestions。结合语境,句子应用一般现在时,主语为Charlie,谓语应用动词give的三单形式gives。故填Charilie always gives me a lot of/lots/much advice./Charlie always gives me a lot of/lots of/ many suggestions. 54.许多花生长在花园里。 【答案】Many flowers grow in the garden. 【详解】many“许多”,修饰可数名词复数;flower“花”,可数名词;grow“生长”,动词,主语是复数,谓语动词用原形;in the garden“在花园里”。故填Many flowers grow in the garden. 55.所有的学生必须在校内穿校服。(must) 【答案】All the students must wear school uniforms at school. 【详解】all the students“所有的学生”;must“必须”,是情态动词,后加动词原形wear“穿”;school uniform“校服”,此处应用复数;at school“在学校”。故填All the students must wear school uniforms at school. 56.是什么让她和别人不同? 【答案】What makes her different from others? 【详解】what“什么”,作主语;make“使,让”,动词作谓语;her“她”,代词宾格作宾语;different from“与……不同”;others“其他人”。时态是一般现在时,主要是单数第三人称,谓语动词用单三形式makes;故填What makes her different from others? 57.这个寒假你打算去哪里? 【答案】Where are you going this winter holiday? 【详解】根据汉语释义可知,句子为where引导的特殊疑问句,结构为where+一般疑问句。打算去:be going,此处使用进行时表将来;你:you,作主语,be动词使用复数are,主语放are后;这个寒假:this winter holiday。故填Where are you going this winter holiday? 58.你每天几点开始工作? 【答案】What time do you start work every day? 【详解】what time“几点”;you“你”;start work“开始工作”;every day“每天”。本句时态为一般现在时,主语是you,特殊疑问句需借助助动词do。故填What time do you start work every day? 59.我们坐飞机去怎么样? 【答案】How about going by plane? 【详解】“How about ...”用于提出建议,“by plane”表示“乘飞机”,“go”表示“去”。about后接动名词。故填How about going by plane? 60.你的校园生活是什么样的? (what) ? 【答案】What is your school life like 【详解】根据语境可知,询问某物的特征,用“What be sth. like?”的特殊疑问句,时态为一般现在时,你的校园生活:your school life,作主语,为第三人称单数,be动词用is,what位于句首,首字母w需大写。故填What is your school life like。 61.它是由什么制成?它由木头制成。(be made of…) 【答案】What is it made of? It is made of wood. 【详解】be made of“由……制成”,what什么,wood木头。故填What is it made of? It is made of wood. 62.我们该如何和动物们相处? 【答案】How should we get along with animals? 【详解】根据汉语意思可知此处是特殊疑问句,询问与动物相处的方式。how“如何”;should“应该”;we“我们”;get along with“与……相处”;animals“动物们”。故填How should we get along with animals? 63.对家庭成员来说分担家务活很重要。(It…) 【答案】It is important for family members to share family chores. 【详解】根据汉语提示可知,句中时态为一般现在时,此处使用it固定句型,it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是……的”,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语;important“重要的”,形容词;family members“家庭成员”,复数名词表泛指;share“分担”,动词;family chores“家务活”,复数名词表泛指。故填It is important for family members to share family chores. 四、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hi, can I help you? B: Yes, please. I am new at the school. 64 I need to buy some school things. A: Well, there is one next to the school hall. B: 65 A: Walk and turn right at the library. Then you can find the music hall. B: 66 A: No. Turn left at the music hall, and you can see the computer building. It’s just across from the computer building. B: Can I go there by bike? A: Sure. 67 B: Thank you very much. A: 68 A.You’re welcome. B.You can take a bus there. C.Where do you live? D.It is not far from here. E.Then how can I get there? F.Is there a shop in the school? G.Is it across from the music hall? 【答案】64.F 65.E 66.G 67.D 68.A 【导语】本文是一段对话,主要是B询问如何去学校商店。 64.根据“I need to buy some school things.”以及“Well, there is one next to the school hall.”可知,此处是询问学校是否有商店,选项F“学校里有商店吗?”符合语境。故填F。 65.根据“Walk and turn right at the library. Then you can find the music hall.”可知,此处是询问如何到达商店,选项E“那么我怎样才能到达那里呢?”符合语境。故填E。 66.根据“No. Turn left at the music hall, and you can see the computer building. It’s just across from the computer building.”可知,此处是一般疑问句,结合前文提到的音乐厅,选项G“它在音乐厅对面吗?”符合语境。故填G。 67.根据“Can I go there by bike?”以及“Sure.”可知,可以骑自行车去商店,说明离得不远,选项D“它离这儿不远。”符合语境。故填D。 68.根据“Thank you very much.”可知,此处是回应感谢,选项A“不客气。”符合语境。故填A。 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: It’s cold these days. I don’t enjoy winter. B: I’m excited about this winter. A: 69 B: Because this is the first winter I spend at this school. A: Oh yes. 70 B: I often play ball games with my friends on the sports field. And I’m a member of our school music band. A: That’s cool. 71 B: I can play the guitar. Now we are preparing a winter party. We plan to give a show and the songs are all about winter. A: 72 Does everyone know about the party? B: Not yet. How about putting up a notice at the student centre? A: Good idea. I can help you with that. B: 73 A.Sounds special. B.Let’s sing together. C.Why are you excited? D.Do you want to be a singer? E.What instrument can you play? F.Thanks! G.What fun things do you do at school? 【答案】69.C 70.G 71.E 72.A 73.F 【导语】本文主要介绍了A和B围绕冬季及学校生活展开的对话,B分享了自己对这个冬天兴奋的原因及校园活动。 69.根据B的回答“Because this is the first winter I spend at this school”,可知此处是A询问B兴奋的原因。选项“C你为什么这么兴奋呢?”符合语境。故选C。 70.根据B的回答“I often play ball games…I’m a member of our school music band”,可知此处是A询问B在学校做的趣事。选项“G你在学校做什么有趣的事呢?”符合语境。故选G。 71.根据B的回答“I can play the guitar”,可知此处是A询问B会演奏的乐器。选项“E你会演奏什么乐器呢?”符合语境。故选E。 72.根据B提到“我们正准备冬季派对”,可知此处是A对派对表示评价。选项“A听起来很特别。”符合语境。故选A。 73.根据A说“我可以帮你做这个”,可知此处是B回应感谢。选项“F谢谢!”符合语境。故选F。   根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hi, Jenny. 74 B: Well, I am a little busy this term. I have six classes every day. A: Me too. 75 B: 76 A: I have Chinese, English, maths, history and some others. P.E is my favourite. I often take part in (参加) the long jump. 77 B: Wow! You’re good at the long jump. A: Yeah! Thank you! What subjects do you have? B: I have social studies, science, maths, French, English and art. A: What’s your favourite subject? B: 78 A.Last term I won the first place! B.My favourite subject is science! C.I also have six classes every day. D.Where did you study last term? E.What subjects do you have? F.How is your school life going? G.I’m glad to see you again. 【答案】74.F 75.C 76.E 77.A 78.B 【导语】本文是一段关于学校生活的对话,对话双方讨论了课程安排、喜欢的科目以及体育特长等内容。 74.根据下文“Well, I am a little busy this term. I have six classes every day.”可知,此处是在询问对方学校生活的情况,选项F“你的学校生活怎么样”符合语境。故选F。 75.根据上文“Me too.”可知,此处是在表达和对方一样的情况,即每天也有很多课,选项C“我每天也有六节课”符合语境。故选C。 76.根据下文“I have Chinese, English, maths, history and some others.”可知,此处是在询问对方有什么课程,选项E“你有什么课程”符合语境。故选E。 77.根据上文“P.E is my favourite. I often take part in (参加) the long jump.”可知,此处是在谈论体育特长,选项A“上学期我获得了第一名”符合语境,进一步说明了自己在跳远方面的优势。故选A。 78.根据上文“What’s your favourite subject?”可知,此处是在询问对方最喜欢的科目,选项B“我最喜欢的科目是科学”符合语境。故选B。 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hello, Bob! 79 B: It’s hot in summer and cold in winter. A: 80 B: I like summer best. It’s a good season to swim. What about you, Michael? A: 81 B: Oh, what activity do you often do? A: 82 B: Yeah, it’s good for our health. 83 A: OK. Let’s go. A.Which season do you like best? B.Because it’s winter. C.Why not teach me to ride a bike? D.Riding a bike. It gives me a lot of fun. E.I like making snowmen. F.What is the weather like in your hometown? G.I like spring best, because I like doing outdoor activities. 【答案】79.F 80.A 81.G 82.D 83.C 【导语】本文是Bob和Michael的对话,主要谈论了各自最喜欢的季节的气候和那时喜欢的活动。 79.根据“It’s hot in summer and cold in winter.”可知,回答冬冷夏热,此处应是问天气。选项F“你家乡的天气怎么样?”符合语境。故选F。 80.根据“I like summer best.”可知,回答自己喜欢季节,此处应是问喜欢哪个季节,选项A“你最喜欢哪个季节?”符合语境。故选A。 81.根据“I like summer best. It’s a good season to swim. What about you, Michael?”可知,回答自己最喜欢的季节和原因后,问对方同意的问题,此处应是对应的回答,选项G“我最喜欢春天,因为我喜欢户外活动。”符合语境。故选G。 82.根据“what activity do you often do?”可知,问通常做哪些活动,此处应回答活动,选项D“骑自行车。这让我非常开心。”符合语境。故选D。 83.根据“OK. Let’s go.”可知,肯定回答并同意一起去,前面应是请求对方和自己一起活动,选项C“为什么不教我骑自行车?”符合语境。故选C。 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hello, Mrs. Smith! Welcome to my house. B: Thanks for your invitation, Mrs. King. A: 84 B: Sure. A: 85 B: Some Pu’er would be great, thanks. A: OK. I just got some from my Chinese friend. He is from Yunnan and he bought it in a shop there. B: Oh. 86 A: You’re right. Chinese tea is drunk by people all over the world. B: Wow, this cup is beautiful and a little heavy. 87 A: It is made of silver. I have many tea sets like this. 88 B: Sounds like a great hobby. A.What’s it made of? B.How much is it? C.Where was it made? D.What kind of tea would you like? E.I’m interested in collecting them. F.Please have a seat and would you like some tea? G.I know China is famous for tea. 【答案】84.F 85.D 86.G 87.A 88.E 【导语】本文是一段待客的对话,对话中讨论了就座、品茶及茶具相关内容。 84.根据“Sure.”以及后文讨论茶的内容可知,设空处应是邀请对方就座并询问是否喝茶。选项F“请坐,想喝点茶吗?”符合语境。故选F。 85.根据“Some Pu’er would be great, thanks.”可知,设空处是询问对方想喝哪种茶。选项D“你想喝哪种茶?”符合语境。故选D。 86.根据“You’re right. Chinese tea is drunk by people all over the world.”可知,设空处是表达对中国茶的认知。选项G“我知道中国以茶闻名”符合语境。故选G。 87.根据“It is made of silver.”可知,设空处是询问杯子的制作材料。选项A“它是什么做的?”符合语境。故选A。 88.根据“I have many tea sets like this.”和“Sounds like a great hobby.”可知,设空处是表达自己有收集茶具的爱好。选项E“我对收集它们感兴趣。”符合语境。故选E。 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题02 特殊疑问句、可数名词&不可数名词 内容导航 考点聚焦:归纳核心,有的放矢 重点速记:查漏补缺,即时巩固 复习提升:综合提升,全面突破 重点01 特殊疑问句 知识精讲 特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词(疑问词+一般疑问句)开头,用于对句子中某一特定部分(如人、物、时间、地点、原因、方式等)进行提问的句子,回答时需针对疑问点具体回应,不能用Yes/No回答。 例:— What is your name?(你的名字是什么?) — My name is Lily.(我的名字是莉莉。) ( 考点一 特殊疑问句的用法 ) 疑问词/疑问词组 提问对象 用法说明 例句 What 事物、动作、职业等 最常用,可单独使用,也可搭配名词(What + 名词) ① What is this?(这是什么?) ② What does he do?(他是做什么的?= 询问职业) ③ What time is it?(几点了?= 固定搭配) Who 人(主格、宾格均可) 提问主语时,后面直接跟陈述句语序;提问宾语时,需用一般疑问句语序 ① Who is your teacher?(谁是你的老师?= 提问主语) ② Who are you talking to?(你在和谁说话?= 提问宾语) Whose 物品的归属(谁的) 后面必须跟名词,构成“Whose + 名词”结构 ① Whose book is this?(这是谁的书?)② Whose pens are those?(那些是谁的钢笔?) Where 地点、位置 直接提问地点,可搭配be动词或实义动词 ① Where is your school?(你的学校在哪里?) ② Where do you live?(你住在哪里?) When 时间 提问具体时间点、时间段,可搭配一般现在时、一般过去时等 ① When do you get up?(你什么时候起床?) ② When is your birthday?(你的生日是什么时候?) Why 原因 回答时必须用because(因为)引导原因状语从句 ① Why do you like English?(你为什么喜欢英语?) ② Because it’s interesting.(因为它很有趣。) How 方式、方法、身体状况、程度等 可单独使用,也可搭配形容词/副词(How + 形容词/副词)或固定词组 ① How do you go to school?(你怎么去上学?= 提问方式) ② How are you?(你好吗?= 提问身体状况) ③ How many books do you have?(你有多少本书?= 搭配many) How many 可数名词的数量(多少) 后面跟可数名词复数形式,提问数量 How many students are there in your class?(你们班有多少名学生?) How much 不可数名词的数量、价格(多少/多少钱) 1. 提问不可数名词数量:跟不可数名词; 2. 提问价格:直接使用 ① How much milk do you need?(你需要多少牛奶?= 不可数名词) ② How much is this pen?(这支钢笔多少钱?= 价格) How long 时间的长度for+时间段、物体的长度 1.提问时长 2.提问物体长度 ①How long do you practice piano every day?(你每天练钢琴多久?) ②How long is the Huangpu River?(黄浦江多长?) How often 频度副词、频率短语 提问频率 “多久一次” How often do you go to the library?(你多久去一次图书馆?) How soon in + 时间段 提问......之后 How soon will you finish your homework? How far 路程 提问路程 How far is it from the library to that supermarket ? ( 考点 二 特殊疑问句的基本结构 ) 基本结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ 一般疑问句语序? 1. 句子中有be动词(am/is/are) 结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ am/is/are + 主语 + 其他? 例1: 原句:This is a book.(这是一本书。)→ 对“a book”提问:What is this?(这是什么?) 例2: 原句:They are in the park.(他们在公园里。)→ 对“in the park”提问:Where are they?(他们在哪里?) 例3: 原句:Her birthday is on October 1st.(她的生日在10月1日。)→ 对“on October 1st”提问:When is her birthday?(她的生日是什么时候?) 2. 句子中有实义动词(如eat、play、live、like等) 结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(注意:主语是三单时用does,非三单时用do;does后面的动词必须变原形) 例1: 原句:I eat breakfast at 7:00.(我7点吃早饭。)→ 对“at 7:00”提问:When do you eat breakfast?(你什么时候吃早饭?)(主语I是非三单,用do) 例2: 原句:He plays football every weekend.(他每周踢足球。)→ 对“plays football”提问:What does he do every weekend?(他每周做什么?)(主语he是三单,用does,play变原形) 例3: 原句:She has three pens.(她有三支钢笔。)→ 对“three”提问:How many pens does she have?(她有多少支钢笔?)(How many + 复数名词pens,主语三单用does) 3. 特殊情况:Who/What提问主语 结构:Who/What + 陈述句语序?(不需要加do/does或am/is/are,直接用主语+动词) 例1: 原句:Tom is reading a book.(汤姆正在看书。)→ 对“Tom”提问:Who is reading a book?(谁正在看书?)(Who作主语,后面跟陈述句语序) 例2: 原句:A cat is on the desk.(一只猫在桌子上。)→ 对“A cat”提问:What is on the desk?(桌子上是什么?)(What作主语,后面跟陈述句语序) ( 考点 三 特殊疑问句的句型转换步骤 ) 将陈述句改为特殊疑问句的4个步骤: 定:确定 (即“疑问点”,如人、物、时间、地点等); 选:根据疑问点选择对应的 ; 变:将原句 变为一般疑问句语序(有be动词提be动词,有实义动词加do/does); 连:将特殊疑问词(组)和变化后的一般疑问句连接起来,句末加问号。 示例:原句:She goes to school by bike.(她骑自行车去上学。) 步骤1:确定疑问点——“by bike”(方式); 步骤2:选疑问词——How; 步骤3:剩余部分变一般疑问句:does she go to school; 步骤4:连接——How does she go to school?(她怎么去上学?) 易错点: 1. 用does提问时,后面的实义动词忘记变原形:如 错误:How does he goes to school? → 正确:How does he go to school? 2. 回答Why提问时,忘记用because:如 错误:Why do you late? → 正确回答:Because I missed the bus. 好题精练 1.—________ do you go to the museum? —Once a month. A.How long B.How many C.How often D.How much 2.________ your new school like? A.How B.How is C.What D.What is 3.—What ________ the visiting student ________? —He’s tall and thin. A.is; look like B.does; look like C./; look D.does; like 4.—________ will these two soccer teams play another game? —In three days. A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How much 5.—__________ do you search for information? —On the Internet. A.What B.How C.When D.Where 6.—__________ is the best way to predict the weather? —Using weather satellites. A.What B.How C.When D.Where 7.—________ do you go to school? —By bike. A.What B.How C.When D.Where 8. —________ is it from your school to the zoo? —It’s about 10 kilometers. A.How far B.How old C.How much D.How long 9.________ can high-speed trains run from Shanghai to Beijing? A.How fast B.How soon C.How long D.How tall 10.—________ does Tom go back to Hunan with his family every year? —By plane, then by car, I guess. A.When B.Where C.Who D.How 11.—________ does the football training last each day?      —Forty minutes. A.How often B.How long C.How far D.How fast 12.—________ do you spend on the your homework every day? —About one and a half hours. A.How many B.How much C.How often D.How long 重点02可数名词和不可数名词 知识精讲 一、定义与区分标准 1. 可数名词:可以直接数出数量的名词,有单数和复数两种形式。 例:book(书)→ books;student(学生)→ students;apple(苹果)→ apples 2. 不可数名词:无法直接数出数量的名词,只有单数形式,没有复数形式。通常是液体、气体、粉末、抽象概念等。 例:water(水)、milk(牛奶)、air(空气)、rice(米饭)、bread(面包)、money(钱)、time(时间)、happiness(快乐) 区分小技巧(上海教材常用):能说“a/an + 名词”或“数词 + 名词”的是可数名词;不能说的是不可数名词(需搭配量词)。 例:a book(可数)、three pens(可数);不能说a water(不可数),要说a glass of water(一杯水) 二、常见可数/不可数名词分类表 类别 常见名词 注意事项 可数名词 1. 物品类:book、pen、bag、desk、chair、door、window; 2. 人物类:student、teacher、doctor、nurse、parent、child(复数children); 3. 食物类:apple、banana、orange、egg、hamburger; 4. 其他:dog、cat、tree、flower、city、country 注意不规则复数变化(如child→children、foot→feet) 不可数名词 1. 液体:water、milk、juice、tea、coffee、soup; 2. 食物:rice、bread、meat、fish(鱼肉)、chicken(鸡肉)、sugar(糖)、flour(面粉); 3. 抽象概念:time(时间)、money(钱)、work(工作)、homework(家庭作业)、news(新闻)、music(音乐); 4. 其他:air、weather(天气)、hair(头发,整体)、paper(纸) 部分名词可可数可不可数(如fish:鱼肉不可数,鱼的数量可数;paper:纸不可数,试卷/论文可数) 三、可数名词的单复数变化 1. 规则变化(占90%以上) 变化规则 例词 一般情况:直接加-s book→books、pen→pens、student→students、dog→dogs 以s、x、ch、sh结尾:加-es bus→buses、box→boxes、watch→watches、brush→brushes 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾:变y为i,加-es city→cities、family→families、baby→babies、story→stories 以“元音字母 + y”结尾:直接加-s boy→boys、toy→toys、key→keys 以f/fe结尾:变f/fe为v,加-es knife→knives、leaf→leaves、wife→wives 以o结尾:有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s 有生命:tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes;无生命:photo→photos、radio→radios 2. 不规则变化 单数形式 复数形式 备注 child children 高频考点 man men 同类:woman→women、policeman→policemen foot feet 同类:tooth→teeth fish fish(数量)/ fishes(种类) “鱼肉不可数,数量可数(单复数同形)” sheep sheep 单复数同形 China Chinese 高频考点 四、数量表达方法 1. 可数名词的数量表达 (1)单数:a/an + 可数名词单数(a用在辅音音素开头的词前,an用在元音音素开头的词前) 例:a book(一本书)、an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一小时,h不发音,元音音素开头) (2)复数:数词(one、two、three...)+ 可数名词复数 例:two pens(两支钢笔)、five students(五名学生)、ten tomatoes(十个西红柿) (3)不确定数量:some(一些,肯定句)、any(一些,否定句/疑问句)、many(许多,修饰复数) 例:① I have some books.(肯定句)② Do you have any books?(疑问句)③ There are many trees in the park.(许多树) 2. 不可数名词的数量表达(重点难点) 不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰,必须搭配“量词短语”,结构:数词 + 量词(单位)+ of + 不可数名词(量词有单复数变化) 不可数名词 常用量词 数量表达示例 water/milk/juice glass(杯)、bottle(瓶) a glass of water(一杯水)、two bottles of milk(两瓶牛奶) tea/coffee cup(杯) a cup of tea(一杯茶)、three cups of coffee(三杯咖啡) rice/bread bowl(碗)、piece(片/块) a bowl of rice(一碗米饭)、two pieces of bread(两片面包) meat/chicken(鸡肉) piece(块)、kilo(千克) a piece of meat(一块肉)、three kilos of chicken(三千克鸡肉) paper(纸) piece(张) four pieces of paper(四张纸) 补充:不可数名词的不确定数量用some(肯定句)、any(否定/疑问)、much(许多,修饰不可数) 例:① I have some milk.(肯定句)② Do you have any milk?(疑问句)③ There is much water in the bottle.(瓶子里有很多水) 五、主谓一致(可数/不可数名词配套考点) 1. 可数名词单数作主语:谓语动词用单数(三单形式) 例:The book is on the desk.(这本书在桌子上。)、He has a pen.(他有一支钢笔。) 2. 可数名词复数作主语:谓语动词用复数(原形) 例:The books are on the desk.(这些书在桌子上。)、They have some pens.(他们有一些钢笔。) 3. 不可数名词作主语:谓语动词用单数(三单形式) 例:Water is important.(水很重要。)、There is some milk in the glass.(杯子里有一些牛奶。) 4. 量词短语作主语:谓语动词的单复数由“量词”决定 例:① A glass of water is on the table.(一杯水在桌子上。→ 量词glass是单数,谓语用is)② Two glasses of water are on the table.(两杯⽔在桌子上。→ 量词glasses是复数,谓语用are) 六、易错点提醒 1. 不可数名词加复数s:如错误:two breads → 正确:two pieces of bread 2. 量词短语中量词忘记变复数:如错误:three glass of milk → 正确:three glasses of milk 3. a/an用错:如错误:an book → 正确:a book;错误:a apple → 正确:an apple 4. many修饰不可数名词:如错误:many milk → 正确:much milk 5. 不可数名词作主语时谓语用复数:如错误:The water are cold. → 正确:The water is cold. 6. 不规则复数变化记错:如错误:childs → 正确:children;错误:mans → 正确:men 好题精练 1.—How ________ apple trees ________ you see in the picture? —I can see eleven. A.many; can B.much; do C.many; does D.much; can 2.—Excuse me. ________ is the post office from here? —It’s five minutes’ bus ride. A.How long B.How far C.How many D.How much 3.— ________ did it take to get to Dalian by plane? —For one and a half hours. A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How fast 4.— Are there three ________ in the picture?     — No, they are three________. A.fox; wolf B.fox; wolves C.foxes; wolf D.foxes; wolves 5.I will move some ________ from this house to another to make room for my piano. A.desk B.chair C.bookshelf D.furniture 6.Eric and I are in the same grade,  but in different ________. A.class B.a class C.the class D.classes 7.—What can you see on the farm? —I can see some ________ and ________. A.sheep; plant B.sheeps; plant C.sheep; plants D.sheeps; plants 8.I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A.fish; eggs B.fishes; egg C.chickens; carrots D.chicken; carrot 9.Look! There is a dog, two ________ and two ________ in the picture. A.cows; sheeps B.mice; tiger C.gooses; snakes D.foxes; wolves 10.Look! Those ________ are eating ________. A.child; apple B.children; apples C.childs; apples D.childrens; apple 11.—What animals do you like? —I like ________ because they are very cute. A.tiger B.a tiger C.tigers D.the tiger 12.There _______ some orange juice and many _______ on the table. A.are; oranges B.is; oranges C.is; orange D.are; orange 真题感知 1.(2023·上海·中考真题)The detective succeeded in finding the criminal within a week. (对划线部分提问) _________ did the detective succeed in _________ within a week? 2.(2022·上海·中考真题)It is about 20 kilometres from our school to the National Forest Park.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ is it from our school to the National Forest Park? 3.(2021·上海·中考真题)The government has spent 10 million yuan improving the water quality. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has the government spent improving the water quality? 4.(2023·上海·中考真题)The boy collected some fallen _________ and made a nice artwork. (leaf) 5.(2022·上海·中考真题)There are many different _________ in that small garden. (plant) 6.(2021·上海·中考真题)I live near my school. It takes me only ten ________ to walk there. (minute) 综合提升练 一、单词适当形式填空 1. from different countries came to the city to report on the international meeting yesterday. (report) 2.The heavy rain drummed loudly on many houses’ . (roof) 3.The fireman has saved thousands of . (life) 4.Look at these (photo). I took them last winter. 5.It is a good habit to brush your twice every day. (tooth) 6.We can take up some and start to make friends with others. (hobby) 7.I would like to meet friends from different in the world. (country) 8.I often see beautiful flying around the flowers in the garden on sunny days. (butterfly) 9.There were some big (change) in our school last year. 10.In winter she wears thick socks, boots and (glove). 11.Look! There are some (leaf) on the ground. 12.We usually have three (meal) every day. They are breakfast, lunch and dinner. 13.The farmer checked on the in the barn to make sure they were healthy. (calf) 14.—Two (glass) of lemon juice, please. —OK. Here you are. 15.I help my mother wash (dish) in the kitchen. 16.This poem is too short. It just has three (line). 17.How many (gate) does your school have? 18.Anna and Tina have different (hobby). 19.Claire likes writing in her free time. (diary) 20.It’s said that there are more than 2.5 million (post) about cycling on the Internet. 21.I think we need more (instruction). 22.She planned lots of fun for her son’s birthday party. (activity) 23.We need to read and recite three English (text) today. 24.Now read a vlog story about family (duty). 25.The farmers worked tirelessly in the from sunrise to sunset. (field) 二、句型转换 26.Lindong fell and hurt his ankle during the game.(对划线部分提问) to Lindong during the game? 27.Students learn art and history and make friends in the calligraphy club. (对划线部分提问) in the calligraphy club? 28.We should eat little salt every day. (对划线部分提问) every day? 29.I have three pairs of shoes. (对划线部分提问) pairs of shoes do you have? 30.Our first class starts at 8:10. (对划线部分提问) your first class start? 31.We need eight glasses of water every day. (对划线部分提问) water do we need every day? 32.Her English teacher looks tall and slim. (对划线部分提问) does her English teacher look ? 33.I can use plastic bottles to make works of art. (对划线部分提问) you use plastic bottles to do? 34.Lisa wants to be a doctor to save people’s lives in the future. (对划线部分提问) Lisa want to be a doctor in the future? 35.Let’s have some pizza for lunch. (对划线部分提问) have for lunch? 36.It’s your turn to clean the window in the dormitory. (对划线部分提问) is it to clean the window in the dormitory? 37.It takes Amy about 15 minutes to walk to school. (划线部分提问) to walk to school? 38.People eat zongzi and have dragon boat races to remember Qu Yuan.  (对划线部分提问) people eat zongzi and have dragon boat races? 39.Lydia looks tall and slim. (划线部分提问) does Lydia look ? 40.Students like playing football after school because it is interesting. (对划线部分提问) students like playing football after school? 41.There are thirty lemons in the box. (对划线部分提问) in the box? 42.There are three bottles of cola in the fridge. (对划线部分提问) 43.They add a little salt to the soup. (对划线部分提问) 三、翻译 44.你一天喝多少杯水?(glass) 45.我们不应该抚摸或投喂马儿。(pet) 46.Lin Dong和他的朋友在blog上分享他们的故事。(share) 47.我们可以收集旧衣物并送给贫穷地区的人们。(collect, send) 48.这些游客对中国文化很感兴趣。 49.你开始收集贝壳多长时间了?(collect) 50.我们应该吃一些牛奶和豆制品(soy products)。 51.西瓜和草莓都是我最喜欢的水果。 52.Kitty计划和父母一起乘坐高铁去昆明。 53.Charlie 总是给我很多建议。 54.许多花生长在花园里。 55.所有的学生必须在校内穿校服。(must) 56.是什么让她和别人不同? 57.这个寒假你打算去哪里? 58.你每天几点开始工作? 59.我们坐飞机去怎么样? 60.你的校园生活是什么样的? (what) ? 61.它是由什么制成?它由木头制成。(be made of…) 62.我们该如何和动物们相处? 63.对家庭成员来说分担家务活很重要。(It…) 四、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hi, can I help you? B: Yes, please. I am new at the school. 64 I need to buy some school things. A: Well, there is one next to the school hall. B: 65 A: Walk and turn right at the library. Then you can find the music hall. B: 66 A: No. Turn left at the music hall, and you can see the computer building. It’s just across from the computer building. B: Can I go there by bike? A: Sure. 67 B: Thank you very much. A: 68 A.You’re welcome. B.You can take a bus there. C.Where do you live? D.It is not far from here. E.Then how can I get there? F.Is there a shop in the school? G.Is it across from the music hall? 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: It’s cold these days. I don’t enjoy winter. B: I’m excited about this winter. A: 69 B: Because this is the first winter I spend at this school. A: Oh yes. 70 B: I often play ball games with my friends on the sports field. And I’m a member of our school music band. A: That’s cool. 71 B: I can play the guitar. Now we are preparing a winter party. We plan to give a show and the songs are all about winter. A: 72 Does everyone know about the party? B: Not yet. How about putting up a notice at the student centre? A: Good idea. I can help you with that. B: 73 A.Sounds special. B.Let’s sing together. C.Why are you excited? D.Do you want to be a singer? E.What instrument can you play? F.Thanks! G.What fun things do you do at school?   根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hi, Jenny. 74 B: Well, I am a little busy this term. I have six classes every day. A: Me too. 75 B: 76 A: I have Chinese, English, maths, history and some others. P.E is my favourite. I often take part in (参加) the long jump. 77 B: Wow! You’re good at the long jump. A: Yeah! Thank you! What subjects do you have? B: I have social studies, science, maths, French, English and art. A: What’s your favourite subject? B: 78 A.Last term I won the first place! B.My favourite subject is science! C.I also have six classes every day. D.Where did you study last term? E.What subjects do you have? F.How is your school life going? G.I’m glad to see you again. 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hello, Bob! 79 B: It’s hot in summer and cold in winter. A: 80 B: I like summer best. It’s a good season to swim. What about you, Michael? A: 81 B: Oh, what activity do you often do? A: 82 B: Yeah, it’s good for our health. 83 A: OK. Let’s go. A.Which season do you like best? B.Because it’s winter. C.Why not teach me to ride a bike? D.Riding a bike. It gives me a lot of fun. E.I like making snowmen. F.What is the weather like in your hometown? G.I like spring best, because I like doing outdoor activities. 根据下面的对话情景,选择恰当的句子填入文中空白处,使对话的意思连贯、完整。其中有两项是多余的。 A: Hello, Mrs. Smith! Welcome to my house. B: Thanks for your invitation, Mrs. King. A: 84 B: Sure. A: 85 B: Some Pu’er would be great, thanks. A: OK. I just got some from my Chinese friend. He is from Yunnan and he bought it in a shop there. B: Oh. 86 A: You’re right. Chinese tea is drunk by people all over the world. B: Wow, this cup is beautiful and a little heavy. 87 A: It is made of silver. I have many tea sets like this. 88 B: Sounds like a great hobby. A.What’s it made of? B.How much is it? C.Where was it made? D.What kind of tea would you like? E.I’m interested in collecting them. F.Please have a seat and would you like some tea? G.I know China is famous for tea. 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题02 特殊疑问句、可数名词&不可数名词(寒假复习讲义)六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制
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专题02 特殊疑问句、可数名词&不可数名词(寒假复习讲义)六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制
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专题02 特殊疑问句、可数名词&不可数名词(寒假复习讲义)六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制
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