2.被动语态一般现在时与一般过去时-2025-2026学年英语期末语法复习八年级上册（教科版五四制）

期末语法复习 八上（旧）·教科外研版（五四制）·被动语态（一般现在时与 般过去时) 、 被动语态核心用法详解 考点一：一般现在时被动语态的构成与用法 规则：主语（动作承受者）+am/is/are+及物动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)。表 示经常性、习惯性的被动动作或客观事实。 例题1（选择，外研八上期末真题改编）： English by many people around the world. A)speak B)speaks C)is spoken D)are spoken 答案：C 例题2（填空）： Vegetables_often in this shop.(sell) 答案：are;sold 考点二： 般过去时被动语态的构成与用法 规则：主语（动作承受者）+was/were+及物动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)。表 示过去某个时间发生的被动动作。 例题1（选择）： The Great Wall many years ago. A)build B)built C)was built D)were built 答案：C 例题2（填空）： A new school in our town last year.(build) 答案：was built 考点三：主动语态变被动语态（一般现在时与一般过去时） 规则：1.找准动作承受者作被动句主语；2.谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”(be动词时 态与主动句一致)；3.原主语若需体现用“by+原主语”置于句末。 例题1（句型转换，一般现在时）： People grow rice in the south.(改为被动语态) Rice in the south 答案：is grown 例题2（句型转换， 般过去时)： They finished the work yesterday.(改为被动语态) The workyesterday 答案：was finished 考点四：被动语态中by短语的省略与保留 规则：当动作执行者不明确、不重要或为大众时，by短语可省略；若需强调动作执行 者则保留。 例题（语法填空）： This song_(sing)every day.(by children可省略) 答案：is sung 例题（选择）： The letter by my father last night. A)wrote B)was written C)is written D)writes 答案：B 考点五：特殊句型的被动语态（含情态动词的简单被动及物动词） 规则：常见及物动词的被动形式（本阶段侧重基础动词），如：buy→bought-→bought: see→saw→seen等。 例题（选择）： Many trees_on the hill last spring. A)plant B)planted C)were planted D)are planted 答案：C 二、考点综合训练 (一)单项选择 1.This storybook in many languages every year. A)translate B)translates C)is translated D)was translated 2.The Olympic Games_every four years A)hold B)held C)are held D)were held 3.A new bridgeacross the river last month. A)build B)built C)was built D)were built 4.Many trees in the park on Tree Planting Day last year. A)plant B)planted C)are planted D)were planted 5.Englishas a second language in many countries. A)speak B)is spoken C)spoke D)was spoken 6.The letterby my brother yesterday afternoon. A)writes B)wrote C)is written D)was written 7.Rice in the south of China. A)grows B)is grown C)grew D)was grown 8.The classroom_every day after school. A)cleans B)cleaned C)is cleaned D)was cleaned (二)语法填空 1.Tea(drink)all over the world. 2.This song(sing)by many young people 3.A new hospital (build)in our city last year. 4.These books_(send)to the library yesterday. 5.Vegetables_(sell)in this market every morning 6.The letter(write)by my father just now. (三)句型转换 1.People speak Chinese in China.（改为被动语态) Chinese in China 2.They finished the project last week.(改为被动语态) The project_last week. 3.Workers build many houses in the city every year..（改为被动语态) Many houses_in the city every year 4.My mother bought a new bike for me yesterday.(改为被动语态) A new bikefor me by my mother yesterday. (四)篇章填空 The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival.It 1.(celebrate)on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year.Many interesting activities 2.(hold)during the festival For example,dragon boat races 3.(organize)in rivers and lakes.Zongzi,a kind of tradi- tional food,4.-(make)by families.Last year,our school 5.(hold)a dragon boat race too. Many students 6.-(take)part in it.Everyone 7.-(enjoy)the festival very much. (五)参考答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：1.C2.C3.C4.D5.B6.D7.B8.C 2.语法填空答案： 1.is drunk 2.is sung 3.was built 4.were sent 5.are sold 6.was written 3.句型转换答案： 1.is spoken 2.was finished 3.are built 4.was bought 4.篇章填空答案： 1.is celebrated 2.are held 3.are organized 4.is made 5.held 6.took 7.en- joyed 英语语法复习手册·八上（旧）·教科外研版（五四制）·被动语态（一般现在时与一般过去时）