内容正文:
2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024)
Unit 2 Stay Healthy 词汇讲练
目录
第一部分 单元词汇背默锁定基础 高效学习
第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固
第三部分 词汇强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 单元词汇清单
Unit 2 词汇背诵清单
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)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
ourselves pron.我们自己
sore adj.疼痛的;酸痛的
throat n.喉咙
stomachache n.胃痛;肚子疼
headache n.头痛
toothache n.牙痛
backache n.背痛;腰痛
press v.压;按;挤;推
nosebleed n.鼻出血
dentist n.牙科医生
fever n.发烧
stomach n.胃;腹部
avoid v.避免;防止
gas n.气体;燃气
ache n.&v.疼痛
X-ray n.X光照片;X射线
careless adj.不小心的;粗心的
runny adj.流鼻涕的;流眼泪的
cough n.&v.咳嗽
bruised adj.受了瘀伤的
suffer v.受苦;遭受
suffer from受苦;受折磨
take a seat坐下
take one's temperature给某人量体温
test n.&v.检查;测验
flu n.流行性感冒
medicine n.药;医学
mask n.口罩
virus n.病毒
stop .from doing防止…;阻止……
description n.描写;形容
patient n.病人;adj.有耐心的
injury n.伤害;损伤
illness n.疾病
knife n.(pl.knives)刀
clear adj.清晰的;清楚的;v.清理
pain n.疼痛;痛苦
what's more更有甚者;更为重要的是
brightness n.亮度
environment n.环境
cross v.穿越;横过;交叉
catch fire着火
themselves pron.他(或她、它)们自己
fry v.油炸;油煎;油炒
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开
stove n.厨房灶具;炉子
happily adv.快乐地;高兴地
no way不可能;没门
burn v.(burnt, burnt)燃烧;着火
on fire着火;起火
flame n.火焰
panic n.惊恐;恐慌
onto prep.向;朝
throw v.(threw, thrown)猛动身体(部位);扔;抛
roll v.(使)翻滚;滚动
quick adj.快的;迅速的;adv.迅速地;快速地
be about to即将;正要(做某事)
stop short突然停住
aid n.&v.帮助;援助
first aid急救
safety n.安全;安全处所
extinguisher n.灭火器
eat out上馆子吃饭;在外用餐
tonight adv.在今晚;n.今夜;今晚
sadly adv.伤心地;令人遗憾
smoke n.烟;v.吸烟;冒烟
unfortunately adv.不幸地;可惜地
luckily adv.幸运地
badly adv.(worse, worst)严重地
harm n.&v.伤害;损害
pill n.药丸;药片
painful adj.(身体部位)疼痛的;令人痛苦的
lie v.(lay, lain)平躺;平放
lie down平躺;平卧
harmful adj.有害的
hit v.(hit,hit)碰撞;击;打;n.打;击;击中
shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;v.使震惊;使惊愕
bleed v.(bled, bled)流血;出血
check v.检查;查明;n.检查;调查
tight adj.疼痛的;憋气的;紧的;牢固的
peanut n.花生
nervously adv.紧张不安地
allergic adj.过敏的
from now on从现在起
Unit 2 词汇默写清单
______________ pron.我们自己
______________ adj.疼痛的;酸痛的
______________ n.喉咙
______________ n.胃痛;肚子疼
______________ n.头痛
______________ n.牙痛
______________ n.背痛;腰痛
______________ v.压;按;挤;推
______________ n.鼻出血
______________ n.牙科医生
______________ n.发烧
______________ n.胃;腹部
______________v.避免;防止
______________n.气体;燃气
______________ n.&v.疼痛
______________n.X光照片;X射线
______________adj.不小心的;粗心的
______________ adj.流鼻涕的;流眼泪的
______________n.&v.咳嗽
______________ adj.受了瘀伤的
______________ v.受苦;遭受
______________受苦;受折磨
______________坐下
______________给某人量体温
______________ n.&v.检查;测验
______________n.流行性感冒
______________ n.药;医学
______________ n.口罩
______________ n.病毒
______________防止…;阻止……
______________n.描写;形容
______________ n.病人;adj.有耐心的
______________ n.伤害;损伤
______________n.疾病
______________ n.(pl.knives)刀
______________ adj.清晰的;清楚的;v.清理
______________ n.疼痛;痛苦
______________更有甚者;更为重要的是
______________n.亮度
______________ n.环境
______________ v.穿越;横过;交叉
______________着火
______________ pron.他(或她、它)们自己
______________ v.油炸;油煎;油炒
______________接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开
______________ n.厨房灶具;炉子
______________adv.快乐地;高兴地
______________不可能;没门
______________v.(______________, ______________)燃烧;着火
______________着火;起火
______________ n.火焰
______________n.惊恐;恐慌
______________ prep.向;朝
______________v.(______________, ______________)猛动身体(部位);扔;抛
______________ v.(使)翻滚;滚动
______________ adj.快的;迅速的;adv.迅速地;快速地
______________即将;正要(做某事)
______________突然停住
______________n.&v.帮助;援助
______________急救
______________ n.安全;安全处所
______________ n.灭火器
______________上馆子吃饭;在外用餐
______________adv.在今晚;n.今夜;今晚
______________adv.伤心地;令人遗憾
______________ n.烟;v.吸烟;冒烟
______________ adv.不幸地;可惜地
______________ adv.幸运地
______________adv.(______________, ______________)严重地
______________n.&v.伤害;损害
______________ n.药丸;药片
______________adj.(身体部位)疼痛的;令人痛苦的
______________ v.(______________, ______________)平躺;平放
______________平躺;平卧
______________adj.有害的
______________v.(______________,______________)碰撞;击;打;n.打;击;击中
______________ n.震惊;令人震惊的事;v.使震惊;使惊愕
______________v.(______________, ______________)流血;出血
______________ v.检查;查明;n.检查;调查
______________adj.疼痛的;憋气的;紧的;牢固的
______________ n.花生
______________ adv.紧张不安地
______________ adj.过敏的
______________从现在起
◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练
1. press v. 压;按;挤;推
【搭配积累】press the button(按按钮)、press against(靠在…… 上)、press for(迫切要求)、press sth. flat(把某物压平)
【用法示例
She pressed the red button to call the elevator.(她按了红色按钮呼叫电梯。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Please don't _____ the flowers; they are easy to break.
A. press B. pull C. push D. pick
② The crowd _____ forward to see the famous star.
A. pressed B. walked C. ran D. jumped
③ The government has been _____ to take action to solve the environmental problem.
A. pressed B. asked C. told D. ordered
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① He _____ (press) the doorbell several times, but no one answered.
② The tailor _____ (press) the coat carefully to make it look neat.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 请按这个按钮启动机器。
Please _____ _____ _____ to start the machine.
② 她把脸靠在窗户上,看着外面的雨。
She _____ her face _____ the window and looked at the rain outside.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “请不要压花,它们很容易坏”。press 表示 “压”,符合语境;pull(拉)、push(推)、pick(摘)均不符合 “花容易坏” 的语境,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “人群向前挤着看那位明星”。press forward 表示 “向前挤”,体现出人群拥挤的状态;walked(走)、ran(跑)、jumped(跳)均无法准确表达 “拥挤着向前” 的含义,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “政府一直被敦促采取行动解决环境问题”。press sb. to do sth. 表示 “敦促某人做某事”,此处为被动语态,符合语境;asked(请求)、told(告诉)、ordered(命令)语气或语义不符,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① pressed
【解析】根据 “but no one answered” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,press 的过去式为 pressed,故填 pressed。
② pressed
【解析】句子描述裁缝的动作,结合语境可知时态为一般过去时,press 的过去式为 pressed,故填 pressed。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① press this button
【解析】“按这个按钮” 对应的英文短语为 press this button,please 后接动词原形,故填 press this button。
② pressed; against
【解析】“把脸靠在…… 上” 用 press one's face against...,根据 “looked” 可知句子时态为一般过去时,press 的过去式为 pressed,故填 pressed; against。
2. avoid v. 避免;防止
【搭配积累】avoid danger(避免危险)、avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)、avoid meeting sb.(避开见某人)、avoid mistakes(避免错误)
【用法示例
You should avoid eating too much sweet food to keep healthy.(为了保持健康,你应该避免吃太多甜食。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He tried his best to _____ making the same mistake again.
A. avoid B. keep C. stop D. prevent
② We should _____ going out alone at night in this area.
A. avoid B. allow C. suggest D. advise
③ She always _____ talking about her personal life with strangers.
A. avoids B. enjoys C. likes D. keeps
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① They decided to take a different route to _____ (avoid) the heavy traffic.
② He succeeded in _____ (avoid) the accident by braking in time.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 为了避免迟到,他每天早起。
He gets up early every day _____ _____ _____ late.
② 你应该避免在阳光下暴晒。
You should _____ _____ in the sun for a long time.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “他尽力避免再次犯同样的错误”。avoid doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “避免做某事”,符合语境;keep(保持)、stop(阻止)、prevent(防止)常用搭配为 keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.,此处结构不符,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “在这个区域,我们应该避免晚上独自外出”。avoid 表示 “避免”,符合 “晚上独自外出有风险” 的语境;allow(允许)、suggest(建议)、advise(建议)语义不符,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她总是避免和陌生人谈论她的私人生活”。avoids 符合 “不希望谈论私人生活” 的语境;enjoys(喜欢)、likes(喜欢)、keeps(保持)与语境相反,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① avoid
【解析】句中 “to” 为不定式符号,后接动词原形,故填 avoid。
② avoiding
【解析】succeed in doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “成功做某事”,avoid 的动名词形式为 avoiding,故填 avoiding。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① to avoid being
【解析】“为了避免迟到” 用 to avoid being late,不定式作目的状语,avoid 后接动名词,“迟到” 为 be late,故填 to avoid being。
② avoid staying
【解析】“避免暴晒” 即 “避免在阳光下待太久”,用 avoid staying,should 后接动词原形,故填 avoid staying。
3. ache n.&v. 疼痛
【用法释义】作名词时,指身体某个部位持续的、轻微的疼痛,常与身体部位名词搭配;作动词时,意为 “(身体部位)疼痛”,同样常接身体部位名词。
【搭配积累】headache(头痛)、toothache(牙痛)、stomachache(胃痛)、ache all over(浑身疼痛)、My back aches.(我背痛。)
【用法示例
She has a terrible headache and needs to rest.(她头痛得厉害,需要休息。)
His legs ached after running a long distance.(跑了很长一段路后,他的腿疼。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① I have a _____ in my shoulder; I think I lifted something heavy yesterday.
A. ache B. pain C. hurt D. sore
② Her legs _____ after she climbed the mountain.
A. ached B. hurt C. pained D. harmed
③ He has been suffering from a _____ for three days.
A. headache B. head ache C. head-ache D. ache head
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① My eyes _____ (ache) because I have been looking at the computer screen for a long time.
② She woke up with a bad _____ (ache) in her neck.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我牙痛,所以今天要去看牙医。
I have a _____ , so I will go to see the dentist today.
② 长时间站立后,他的脚很痛。
His feet _____ after standing for a long time.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “我肩膀疼,我想我昨天搬重物了”。have an ache in... 为固定表达,意为 “…… 部位疼痛”,ache 符合此处结构和语境;pain(疼痛,可数或不可数名词,常用 have a pain in...)、hurt(伤害,可作动词或名词,名词时侧重 “伤害”)、sore(疼痛的,形容词),此处需要名词且符合 “have...in” 结构,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “爬山后她的腿疼”。ache 强调身体部位持续的轻微疼痛,符合 “爬山后腿疼” 的语境;hurt(疼痛,可作动词,侧重 “因受伤而疼痛”)、pained(使痛苦,动词,主语常为人)、harmed(伤害,动词,侧重 “对…… 造成危害”),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】“头痛” 的正确表达为 headache,为合成词,中间无空格或连字符,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① ache
【解析】句子描述当前 “眼睛痛” 的状态,时态为一般现在时,主语 My eyes 为复数,故填 ache。
② ache
【解析】根据 “a bad” 可知,此处需要名词,ache 作名词时,可表示 “疼痛”,故填 ache。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① toothache
【解析】“牙痛” 对应的英文单词为 toothache,故填 toothache。
② ached
【解析】句子描述过去 “站立后脚痛” 的情况,时态为一般过去时,ache 的过去式为 ached,故填 ached。
4. careless adj. 不小心的;粗心的
【搭配积累】careless mistake(粗心的错误)、careless driver(粗心的司机)、be careless with(对…… 粗心)、careless attitude(粗心的态度)
【用法示例
He made a careless mistake in the math exam because he didn't check his answers.(他在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误,因为他没有检查答案。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The _____ worker forgot to turn off the machine before leaving.
A. careless B. careful C. careless D. carefully
② She is so _____ that she often loses her keys.
A. careless B. careful C. carefree D. caring
③ You should not be _____ with your personal information online.
A. careless B. careful C. worried D. concerned
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① His _____ (careless) led to the failure of the project.
② The little boy is too _____ (careless) to take care of his pet.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 因为粗心,他错过了这次重要的机会。
He missed this important chance _____ _____ his carelessness.
② 这个粗心的服务员把水洒在了顾客的衣服上。
The _____ waiter spilled water on the customer's clothes.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “那个粗心的工人离开前忘了关机器”。careless 表示 “粗心的”,修饰名词 worker,符合语境;careful(细心的)与语境相反;carefully(细心地,副词)无法修饰名词,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “她太粗心了,经常丢钥匙”。careless 符合 “经常丢钥匙” 体现的 “粗心” 特点;careful(细心的)、carefree(无忧无虑的)、caring(关心他人的)均不符合语境,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “在网上,你不应该对个人信息粗心大意”。be careless with 表示 “对…… 粗心”,符合 “保护个人信息” 的语境;careful(细心的)、worried(担心的)、concerned(关心的)语义不符,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① carelessness
【解析】根据 “his” 可知,此处需要名词,careless 的名词形式为 carelessness,意为 “粗心”,故填 carelessness。
② careless
【解析】“too + 形容词 + to do sth.” 为固定结构,意为 “太…… 而不能做某事”,故填 careless。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① because of
【解析】“因为粗心” 中 “粗心” 为名词,用 because of 连接,故填 because of。
② careless
【解析】“粗心的” 对应的形容词为 careless,修饰名词 waiter,故填 careless。
5. suffer v. 受苦;遭受
【用法释义】表示经历身体上的痛苦、精神上的折磨或遭受损失、困难等负面情况,可作及物动词,后接宾语;也可作不及物动词,常与 from 搭配,表示 “遭受(疾病、痛苦等)”。
【搭配积累】suffer from illness(患病)、suffer pain(遭受痛苦)、suffer loss(遭受损失)、suffer a lot(受很多苦)
【用法示例
Many people suffered from hunger during the war.(战争期间,很多人遭受饥饿之苦。)
The company suffered a great loss due to the economic crisis.(由于经济危机,这家公司遭受了巨大损失。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① She has been _____ from a rare disease for many years.
A. suffering B. standing C. bearing D. enduring
② The team _____ a heavy defeat in the final game.
A. suffered B. got C. received D. accepted
③ He _____ a lot when he was young, but now he lives a happy life.
A. suffered B. enjoyed C. experienced D. lived
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The people in the disaster area _____ (suffer) a lot, so we should try our best to help them.
② He _____ (suffer) from depression for a long time before he got treatment.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这个国家在洪水灾害中遭受了巨大的损失。
The country _____ _____ _____ _____ in the flood disaster.
② 他的祖父因心脏病受苦多年了。
His grandfather has been _____ _____ heart disease for many years.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “她患一种罕见疾病已经很多年了”。suffer from 为固定搭配,意为 “遭受;患(病)”,符合语境;standing(忍受,不与 from 搭配)、bearing(忍受,及物动词,不与 from 搭配)、enduring(忍受,及物动词,不与 from 搭配),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “这支队伍在决赛中遭受了惨败”。suffer a defeat 为固定搭配,意为 “遭受失败”,符合语境;got(得到)、received(收到)、accepted(接受)均无法表达 “遭受失败” 的含义,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “他年轻时受了很多苦,但现在过着幸福的生活”。suffered 表示 “受苦”,符合 “现在幸福,过去受苦” 的对比语境;enjoyed(享受)、experienced(经历,不侧重 “受苦”)、lived(生活,语义不具体),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① are suffering
【解析】根据 “so we should try our best to help them” 可知,灾区人民正在受苦,时态为现在进行时,主语 The people 为复数,故填 are suffering。
② had been suffering
【解析】根据 “before he got treatment” 可知,“遭受抑郁症” 的动作在 “接受治疗” 之前持续了很长时间,时态为过去完成进行时,故填 had been suffering。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① suffered a great loss
【解析】“遭受巨大损失” 用 suffer a great loss,句子描述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时,suffer 的过去式为 suffered,故填 suffered a great loss。
② suffering from
【解析】“因…… 受苦” 用 suffer from,根据 “has been” 可知,句子时态为现在完成进行时,故填 suffering from。
6. test n.&v. 检查;测验
【搭配积累】math test(数学测验)、medical test(医学检查)、take a test(参加测验)、test sb. on sth.(就某事测验某人)、test the machine(检查机器)
【用法示例
We will have a chemistry test next Monday.(我们下周一有一场化学测验。)
The doctor tested his blood to find out the cause of his illness.(医生检查了他的血液,以找出他生病的原因。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The students are busy preparing for the final _____ .
A. test B. exam C. quiz D. check
② The engineer _____ the new machine to make sure it works well.
A. tested B. tried C. examined D. checked
③ The teacher will _____ us on the new words we learned this week.
A. test B. ask C. tell D. teach
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She is nervous because she will take an important _____ (test) tomorrow.
② The workers _____ (test) the water quality of the river every month.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他需要做一个视力检查。
He needs to _____ _____ _____ _____ .
② 老师上周测验了我们关于英语语法的知识。
The teacher _____ _____ _____ English grammar last week.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “学生们正忙着准备期末考试”。test 可泛指 “测验”,符合语境;exam(考试,更正式)、quiz(小测验,侧重 “小型”)、check(检查,侧重 “核对”),此处 “final test” 为常用表达,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “工程师测试了这台新机器,以确保它运行良好”。test 表示 “测试(性能)”,符合 “检查机器是否好用” 的语境;tried(尝试)、examined(检查,侧重 “仔细查看”)、checked(检查,侧重 “核对是否正确”),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “老师将测验我们这周学的新单词”。test sb. on sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “就某事测验某人”,符合语境;ask(问)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)均无此搭配,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① test
【解析】根据 “an important” 可知,此处需要名词,test 作名词时,意为 “测验;检查”,故填 test。
② test
【解析】根据 “every month” 可知,句子时态为一般现在时,主语 The workers 为复数,故填 test。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① take a vision test
【解析】“做视力检查” 用 take a vision test,need to 后接动词原形,故填 take a vision test。
② tested us on
【解析】“测验某人关于某事” 用 test sb. on sth.,根据 “last week” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,test 的过去式为 tested,故填 tested us on。
7. stop from doing 防止…; 阻止……
【用法释义】表示采取措施使某人或某物不能做某事,从而避免某种结果的发生,其中 from 在主动语态中可省略,被动语态中不可省略。
【搭配积累】stop sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事)、stop sth. from happening(防止某事发生)
【用法示例
The rain stopped us from going out for a walk.(下雨阻止了我们出去散步。)
We must take measures to stop the river from being polluted.(我们必须采取措施防止河流被污染。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Nothing can _____ him from pursuing his dream.
A. stop B. keep C. prevent D. hold
② The police _____ the crowd from rushing into the building.
A. stopped B. allowed C. let D. helped
③ We should plant more trees to _____ the soil from being washed away.
A. stop B. make C. have D. get
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The heavy snow stopped the children from _____ (play) outside.
② She tried her best to stop her son from _____ (smoke), but failed.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 父母应该阻止孩子长时间玩电脑游戏。
Parents should _____ their children _____ _____ computer games for a long time.
② 政府采取了行动,防止这种疾病传播。
The government took action to _____ the disease _____ _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “没有什么能阻止他追求梦想”。stop sb. from doing sth. 为固定搭配,符合语境;keep(保持,常用 keep sb. from doing sth.,from 不可省略)、prevent(防止,常用 prevent sb. from doing sth.)、hold(握住,不与 from doing 搭配),此处 “stop” 更常用,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “警察阻止人群冲进大楼”。stopped 符合 “阻止人群做危险动作” 的语境;allowed(允许)、let(让)、helped(帮助)均与语境相反,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “我们应该种更多的树,防止土壤被冲走”。stop sth. from being done 表示 “防止某物被……”,符合语境;make(使)、have(让)、get(使)均无此搭配,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① playing
【解析】stop sb. from doing sth. 为固定搭配,from 后接动名词,play 的动名词形式为 playing,故填 playing。
② smoking
【解析】同理,from 后接动名词,smoke 的动名词形式为 smoking,故填 smoking。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① stop; from playing
【解析】“阻止某人做某事” 用 stop sb. from doing sth.,should 后接动词原形,“玩电脑游戏” 为 play computer games,故填 stop; from playing。
② stop; from spreading
【解析】“防止疾病传播” 用 stop the disease from spreading,“to” 后接动词原形,故填 stop; from spreading。
8. description n. 描写;形容
【搭配积累】detailed description(详细的描写)、give a description of(对…… 进行描写)、beyond description(难以形容)、description of sth.(对某物的描写)
【用法示例
The tour guide gave a vivid description of the ancient city.(导游对这座古城进行了生动的描写。)
The beauty of the sunset is beyond description.(日落的美难以形容。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Can you give me a _____ of the man who stole your bag?
A. description B. picture C. drawing D. photo
② Her _____ of the accident helped the police find the cause.
A. description B. explanation C. introduction D. instruction
③ The scenery here is so beautiful that it is beyond _____ .
A. description B. words C. reach D. imagination
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The book gives a detailed _____ (describe) of the author's childhood.
② He made a clear _____ (describe) of his plan to the team members.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这位作家对乡村生活的描写很感人。
The writer's _____ _____ rural life is very moving.
② 请你对这个新产品进行一下描述好吗?
Could you please _____ _____ _____ _____ this new product?
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “你能给我描述一下偷你包的那个人吗?”。give a description of 为固定搭配,意为 “对…… 进行描写 / 描述”,符合语境;picture(图片)、drawing(画)、photo(照片)均不符合 “用语言描述” 的语境,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “她对事故的描述帮助警方找到了原因”。description 表示 “对事情经过的描述”,符合语境;explanation(解释,侧重 “说明原因”)、introduction(介绍,侧重 “初次了解”)、instruction(指示,侧重 “指导做某事”),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “这里的风景太美了,难以形容”。beyond description 为固定短语,意为 “难以形容”,符合语境;beyond words(无法用言语表达,侧重 “情感”)、beyond reach(够不着)、beyond imagination(超出想象),此处 “风景美” 用 beyond description 更贴切,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① description
【解析】根据 “a detailed” 可知,此处需要名词,describe 的名词形式为 description,故填 description。
② description
【解析】根据 “a clear” 可知,此处需要名词,故填 description。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① description of
【解析】“对…… 的描写” 用 description of,故填 description of。
② give a description of
【解析】“对…… 进行描述” 用 give a description of,Could you please 后接动词原形,故填 give a description of。
9. patient n. 病人;adj. 有耐心的
【用法释义】作名词时,指接受医生治疗或在医院里看病的人;作形容词时,指人在等待、处理事情或对待他人时,能够保持冷静,不急躁,愿意花费时间。
【搭配积累】hospital patient(住院病人)、patient doctor(有耐心的医生)、be patient with(对…… 有耐心)、be patient of(容忍……)
【用法示例
The doctor is talking to a patient about his treatment plan.(医生正在和一位病人谈论他的治疗方案。)
She is very patient with her students, especially the slow learners.(她对学生很有耐心,尤其是对学习进度慢的学生。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The nurse takes good care of every _____ in the ward.
A. patient B. people C. person D. man
② You need to be _____ when teaching young children; they learn slowly.
A. patient B. angry C. happy D. sad
③ The doctor is always _____ with his patients and answers all their questions.
A. patient B. busy C. strict D. kind
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The _____ (patient) in this room are all waiting for the doctor.
② She has to be _____ (patient) because her little sister is very naughty.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这位护士对病人非常友好和有耐心。
The nurse is very kind and _____ _____ the patients.
② 医院里有很多病人在等待检查。
There are many _____ _____ for the examination in the hospital.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “护士把病房里的每个病人都照顾得很好”。patient 表示 “病人”,符合 “在病房里” 的语境;people(人们,复数,不能与 every 搭配)、person(人,泛指)、man(男人),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “教小孩子时你需要有耐心,他们学得慢”。patient 符合 “孩子学得慢,需要耐心” 的语境;angry(生气的)、happy(高兴的)、sad(难过的)均不符合,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “这位医生对病人总是很有耐心,回答他们所有的问题”。be patient with 为固定搭配,意为 “对…… 有耐心”,符合语境;busy(忙的)、strict(严格的)、kind(善良的),“kind” 不与 “answers all their questions” 直接呼应 “耐心”,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① patients
【解析】根据 “are” 可知,主语为复数,patient 的复数形式为 patients,故填 patients。
② patient
【解析】“be” 后接形容词,patient 作形容词时,意为 “有耐心的”,故填 patient。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① patient with
【解析】“对…… 有耐心” 用 be patient with,故填 patient with。
② patients waiting
【解析】“病人” 为 patient,many 后接复数 patients,“等待检查” 用 waiting for the examination,作后置定语,故填 patients waiting。
10. injury n. 伤害;损伤
【用法释义】指身体受到的伤害,通常是由于事故、暴力、运动等原因造成的,可指轻微的擦伤,也可指严重的创伤,是可数名词。
【搭配积累】serious injury(严重的伤害)、head injury(头部损伤)、suffer an injury(受伤)、injury to sth.(对某物的损伤)
【用法示例
He received a slight injury in the car accident, but it's not serious.(他在车祸中受了轻伤,但不严重。);The athlete had to give up the competition because of a knee injury.(这位运动员因为膝盖受伤不得不放弃比赛。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He suffered a _____ injury in the football match and had to be sent to the hospital.
A. serious B. slight C. small D. light
② The doctor said that his _____ to the back would take a long time to heal.
A. injury B. hurt C. pain D. ache
③ She got an _____ when she fell off her bike.
A. injury B. illness C. disease D. fever
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The number of people with sports _____ (injury) is increasing every year.
② He had an _____ (injury) on his arm, which was caused by a knife.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他在工作中受了重伤,现在还在医院。
He _____ _____ _____ _____ at work and is still in the hospital now.
② 这次事故造成了多人受伤。
The accident caused _____ _____ _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “他在足球比赛中受了重伤,不得不被送往医院”。根据 “被送往医院” 可知 injury 很严重,serious(严重的)符合语境;slight(轻微的)、small(小的)、light(轻的)均不符合,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “医生说他背部的损伤需要很长时间才能愈合”。injury 指身体受到的损伤,符合 “背部”“愈合” 的语境;hurt(伤害,可作名词或动词,侧重 “疼痛”)、pain(疼痛,名词)、ache(持续的轻微疼痛,名词),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她从自行车上摔下来,受了伤”。injury 符合 “摔倒导致身体受伤” 的语境;illness(疾病,侧重 “生病的状态”)、disease(疾病,侧重 “具体的病症”)、fever(发烧),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① injuries
【解析】根据 “the number of people” 可知,受伤的人不止一个,injury 为可数名词,此处应用复数形式 injuries,故填 injuries。
② injury
【解析】根据 “an” 可知,此处需要名词单数,injury 作名词时,意为 “伤害;损伤”,故填 injury。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① suffered a serious injury
【解析】“受重伤” 用 suffer a serious injury,根据 “现在还在医院” 可知,受伤的动作发生在过去,时态为一般过去时,suffer 的过去式为 suffered,故填 suffered a serious injury。
② many people's injuries
【解析】“造成多人受伤” 即 “造成多人的损伤”,用 cause many people's injuries,故填 many people's injuries。
11. clear adj. 清晰的;清楚的;v. 清理
【用法释义】作形容词时,可指声音、图像、表达等 “清晰的、清楚的”,也可指天气 “晴朗的”、视线 “无遮挡的”;作动词时,意为 “清理(某物)”“清除(障碍、垃圾等)”。
【搭配积累】clear voice(清晰的声音)、clear explanation(清楚的解释)、clear the table(清理桌子)、clear up(清理;放晴)、clear away(清除)
【用法示例
Her explanation is very clear, so everyone can understand it.(她的解释非常清楚,所以每个人都能理解。)
He spent an hour clearing the snow in front of his house.(他花了一个小时清理家门口的雪。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The sky is _____ today; let's go for a picnic.
A. clear B. cloudy C. rainy D. snowy
② Can you give a _____ answer to my question? I don't understand what you mean.
A. clear B. difficult C. easy D. hard
③ She _____ the desk and put all the books into the bag.
A. cleared B. cleaned C. washed D. brushed
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The water in the lake is so _____ (clear) that we can see the fish at the bottom.
② They are busy _____ (clear) the broken glass on the floor.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 请清理一下你的房间,太乱了。
Please _____ _____ your room; it's too messy.
② 他的发音很清晰,我们都能听懂他说的话。
His pronunciation is _____ _____ , and we can all understand what he says.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “今天天空晴朗,我们去野餐吧”。clear 表示 “晴朗的”,符合 “去野餐” 的天气条件;cloudy(多云的)、rainy(下雨的)、snowy(下雪的)均不符合,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “你能给我的问题一个明确的答案吗?我不明白你的意思”。clear 表示 “清楚的、明确的”,符合 “不明白,需要明确答案” 的语境;difficult(困难的)、easy(容易的)、hard(困难的),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她清理了桌子,把所有的书放进了包里”。clear 表示 “清理(物品,使整洁)”,符合 “清理桌子放书” 的语境;cleaned(打扫,侧重 “清洁卫生”)、washed(洗)、brushed(刷),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① clear
【解析】“be” 后接形容词,clear 作形容词时,意为 “清澈的;清晰的”,此处形容湖水 “清澈”,故填 clear。
② clearing
【解析】be busy doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “忙于做某事”,clear 的动名词形式为 clearing,故填 clearing。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① clear up
【解析】“清理房间” 用 clear up one's room,Please 后接动词原形,故填 clear up。
② very clear
【解析】“很清晰” 用 very clear,此处形容词作表语,故填 very clear。
12. pain n. 疼痛;痛苦
【用法释义】可指身体上的 “疼痛”,是不可数名词,也可指精神上的 “痛苦、苦恼”,既可数也不可数,常与介词 in 搭配表示身体部位的疼痛。
【搭配积累】physical pain(身体上的疼痛)、mental pain(精神上的痛苦)、in pain(疼痛;在痛苦中)、pain in the stomach(胃痛)、relieve pain(缓解疼痛)
【用法示例
She cried out in pain when she fell down the stairs.(她从楼梯上摔下来时,疼得大叫。)
The loss of his family brought him great pain.(失去家人给他带来了巨大的痛苦。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He is in great _____ because his leg was broken in the accident.
A. pain B. ache C. hurt D. sore
② The medicine can help relieve the _____ in your back.
A. pain B. ache C. hurt D. injury
③ The death of her pet dog caused her a lot of _____ .
A. pain B. happiness C. joy D. pleasure
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She couldn't sleep because of the _____ (pain) in her head.
② His _____ (pain) experience taught him a valuable lesson.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他的胃痛很严重,需要立即看医生。
The _____ _____ his stomach is very serious, and he needs to see a doctor immediately.
② 看到孩子受苦,父母感到很痛苦。
The parents felt great _____ when they saw their child suffering.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “他非常痛苦,因为他的腿在事故中骨折了”。in pain 为固定短语,意为 “在痛苦中”,符合语境;ache(疼痛,名词,常用 have an ache)、hurt(伤害,名词,侧重 “伤害”)、sore(疼痛的,形容词),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “这种药可以帮助缓解你背部的疼痛”。pain 泛指 “疼痛”,可用于身体各部位,符合语境;ache(持续的轻微疼痛,常与身体部位合成词搭配,如 backache)、hurt(伤害,名词)、injury(损伤,名词),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她的宠物狗去世给她带来了很多痛苦”。pain 表示 “精神上的痛苦”,符合 “宠物狗去世” 的情境;happiness(幸福)、joy(快乐)、pleasure(愉快)均与语境相反,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① pain
【解析】根据 “the” 可知,此处需要名词,pain 作名词时,意为 “疼痛”,故填 pain。
② painful
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词 experience,pain 的形容词形式为 painful,意为 “痛苦的”,故填 painful。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① pain in
【解析】“胃痛” 用 pain in the stomach,故填 pain in。
② pain
【解析】“感到痛苦” 用 feel pain,pain 为不可数名词,故填 pain。
13. what's more 更有甚者;更为重要的是
【用法释义】用于补充说明或强调更重要、更进一层的情况,通常放在句首或句中,起到递进的作用,使前后内容的逻辑关系更清晰。
【搭配积累】常用于句子开头,引出进一步的信息,如 “What's more, he is good at playing the piano.”(更重要的是,他还擅长弹钢琴。)
【用法示例
This house is large and comfortable. What's more, it is in a good location.(这所房子又大又舒适。更重要的是,它的位置很好。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He is not only hard-working, _____ , he is very helpful to others.
A. what's more B. however C. but also D. therefore
② This new phone is cheap. _____ , it has many useful functions.
A. What's more B. On the other hand C. In contrast D. For example
③ She can speak English fluently. _____ , she can also speak French and German.
A. What's more B. That is C. In other words D. Namely
(2)单句填空(用所给短语适当形式填空)
① He is a good student. He studies hard. _____ (what's more), he is always ready to help his classmates.
② This restaurant has delicious food. _____ (what's more), the service is very good.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这家商店的商品质量好。更重要的是,价格很合理。
The goods in this shop are of good quality. _____ _____ , the prices are very reasonable.
② 他不仅会打篮球,更有甚者,他还打得很好。
He can not only play basketball, _____ _____ _____ , he plays it very well.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “他不仅勤奋,更重要的是,他还乐于助人”。what's more 表示递进,符合 “不仅勤奋,还乐于助人” 的逻辑关系;however(然而,表转折)、but also(而且,与 not only 搭配,此处结构不符)、therefore(因此,表结果),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “这款新手机很便宜。更重要的是,它有很多实用的功能”。What's more 引出 “便宜” 之外更进一层的优点,符合语境;On the other hand(另一方面,表对比)、In contrast(相反,表对比)、For example(例如,表举例),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她英语说得很流利。更有甚者,她还会说法语和德语”。What's more 体现 “会说英语” 到 “还会说法语和德语” 的递进,符合语境;That is(也就是说,表解释)、In other words(换句话说,表解释)、Namely(即,表解释),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① What's more
【解析】此处需要引出递进的内容,what's more 为固定短语,句首首字母大写,故填 What's more。
② What's more
【解析】同理,引出 “食物美味” 之外 “服务好” 的优点,故填 What's more。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① What's more
【解析】“更重要的是” 对应的短语为 What's more,句首首字母大写,故填 What's more。
② what's more
【解析】“更有甚者” 对应的短语为 what's more,此处位于句中,首字母小写,故填 what's more。
14. cross v. 穿越;横过;交叉
【搭配积累】cross the road(过马路)、cross the river(过河)、cross out(划掉)、cross one's arms(交叉双臂)、cross each other(互相交叉)
【用法示例
You must look both ways before crossing the road.(过马路前你必须左右看。);The two rivers cross each other in the center of the city.(这两条河在市中心互相交叉。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Don't _____ the street when the traffic light is red.
A. cross B. walk C. run D. go
② The two roads _____ at the square, making it easy to get to different places.
A. cross B. meet C. join D. connect
③ She _____ out the wrong answer and wrote the correct one.
A. crossed B. put C. took D. gave
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① He _____ (cross) the bridge every morning to go to work.
② The teacher _____ (cross) her arms and looked at the students seriously.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我们需要乘船过河。
We need to _____ _____ _____ by boat.
② 请在过马路时小心来往的车辆。
Please be careful of the passing cars when you _____ _____ _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “红灯时不要过马路”。cross the street 为固定搭配,意为 “过马路”,符合语境;walk(走,后接 across the street)、run(跑,后接 across the street)、go(去,后接 across the street),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “这两条路在广场交叉,使得去不同地方很方便”。cross 表示 “交叉”,符合 “两条路相交” 的语境;meet(相遇,侧重 “人或物体碰面”)、join(连接,侧重 “连接成一体”)、connect(连接,侧重 “建立联系”),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她划掉了错误的答案,写下了正确的答案”。cross out 为固定搭配,意为 “划掉”,符合语境;put(放)、took(拿)、gave(给)均无此搭配,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① crosses
【解析】根据 “every morning” 可知,句子时态为一般现在时,主语 He 为第三人称单数,cross 的第三人称单数形式为 crosses,故填 crosses。
② crossed
【解析】根据 “looked” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,cross 的过去式为 crossed,故填 crossed。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① cross the river
【解析】“过河” 用 cross the river,need to 后接动词原形,故填 cross the river。
② cross the road
【解析】“过马路” 用 cross the road,此处为 when 引导的时间状语从句,主语 you 为第二人称,时态为一般现在时,故填 cross the road。
15. burn v.(burnt, burnt) 燃烧;着火
【搭配积累】burn wood(烧木头)、burn down(烧毁,尤指建筑物)、burn up(烧毁;烧尽)、be burnt(被烧毁)、burn with anger(怒火中烧)
【用法示例
The fire burnt the old house to the ground.(大火把那座老房子烧成了平地。);Dry leaves burn easily in autumn.(秋天的干树叶很容易燃烧。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The building _____ down in the big fire last night.
A. burnt B. burned C. was burnt D. was burned
② Don't touch the pan; it's _____ and you may get hurt.
A. burning B. burnt C. burn D. burns
③ The candles _____ for three hours before we blew them out.
A. had been burning B. were burning C. burned D. had burnt
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The forest fire _____ (burn) for a week before it was put out.
② He _____ (burn) his hand when he was cooking yesterday.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 那场大火烧毁了很多树木。
The big fire _____ _____ many trees.
② 木头在火中燃烧,发出温暖的光。
The wood _____ _____ the fire and gave out warm light.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “这座大楼在昨晚的大火中被烧毁了”。burn down 表示 “烧毁”,此处为主动形式表被动含义(主语是物,burn 为不及物动词时,常用主动表被动),结合 “last night” 可知时态为一般过去时,burnt 为过去式,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “不要碰平底锅,它正在燃烧,你可能会受伤”。burning 表示 “正在燃烧的”,符合 “不要碰,会受伤” 的语境;burnt(被烧毁的,侧重 “完成”)、burn(动词原形)、burns(动词第三人称单数),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “蜡烛在我们吹灭之前已经燃烧了三个小时”。“燃烧三个小时” 的动作在 “吹灭” 之前持续进行,时态为过去完成进行时,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① had been burning
【解析】根据 “before it was put out” 可知,“燃烧” 的动作在 “被扑灭” 之前持续了一周,时态为过去完成进行时,故填 had been burning。
② burnt
【解析】根据 “yesterday” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,burn 的过去式为 burnt,故填 burnt。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① burnt down
【解析】“烧毁” 用 burn down,句子描述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时,故填 burnt down。
② burned in
【解析】“在火中燃烧” 用 burn in the fire,根据 “gave out” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,burn 的过去式为 burned(此处也可用 burnt),故填 burned in。
16. panic n. 惊恐;恐慌
【搭配积累】in panic(恐慌地)、cause panic(引起恐慌)、spread panic(传播恐慌)、a wave of panic(一阵恐慌)
【用法示例
When the earthquake happened, people ran out of the building in panic.(地震发生时,人们恐慌地跑出了大楼。)
The news of the virus spread quickly and caused a lot of panic among the public.(病毒的消息迅速传播,在公众中引起了很大的恐慌。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The sudden explosion caused a lot of _____ among the crowd.
A. panic B. fear C. worry D. anxiety
② People rushed to the supermarket to buy food in _____ when they heard the bad news.
A. panic B. hurry C. excitement D. sadness
③ The government took measures to prevent the _____ from spreading.
A. panic B. disease C. news D. information
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① There was a sense of _____ (panic) in the air when the fire alarm went off.
② The teacher tried to calm the students' _____ (panic) when the power went out.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 听到这个可怕的消息,她陷入了恐慌。
She fell into _____ _____ when she heard the terrible news.
② 政府发布了官方声明,以消除公众的恐慌。
The government issued an official statement to end the public's _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “突然的爆炸在人群中引起了很大的恐慌”。panic 侧重 “因突发危险而产生的恐慌”,符合 “爆炸” 的情境;fear(害怕,泛指 “恐惧”)、worry(担心,侧重 “对未来的担忧”)、anxiety(焦虑,侧重 “内心的不安”),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “听到这个坏消息,人们恐慌地冲向超市买食物”。in panic 为固定短语,意为 “恐慌地”,符合语境;in hurry(匆忙地,应为 in a hurry)、excitement(兴奋)、sadness(悲伤),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “政府采取措施防止恐慌蔓延”。根据 “prevent...from spreading” 可知,此处指 “恐慌” 的蔓延
,符合 “政府采取措施控制的负面情绪扩散” 语境;disease(疾病)、news(新闻)、information(信息)均无 “恐慌” 的语义,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① panic
【解析】“a sense of” 后接名词,panic 为不可数名词,意为 “惊恐;恐慌”,此处表示 “空气中弥漫着恐慌感”,故填 panic。
② panic
【解析】根据 “students'” 可知,此处需要名词,panic 作名词时可表示 “学生们的恐慌情绪”,故填 panic。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① a panic
【解析】“陷入恐慌” 用 fall into a panic,为固定搭配,故填 a panic。
② panic
【解析】“公众的恐慌” 用 the public's panic,panic 为不可数名词,故填 panic。
17. throw v.(threw, thrown) 猛动身体 (部位); 扔;抛
【搭配积累】throw a ball(扔球)、throw away(扔掉;丢弃)、throw up(呕吐;举起)、throw oneself into(投身于)、throw sth. at sb.(朝某人扔某物)
【用法示例
He threw the frisbee to his friend in the park.(他在公园里把飞盘扔给了朋友。)
She threw her arms around her mother when she saw her.(看到妈妈时,她猛地伸出双臂抱住了她。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Don't _____ stones into the river; it's dangerous for the fish.
A. throw B. drop C. put D. take
② He _____ his coat on the sofa and went straight to the kitchen.
A. threw B. laid C. placed D. hung
③ The angry man _____ a glass at the wall, breaking it into pieces.
A. threw B. hit C. pushed D. knocked
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She _____ (throw) away the old newspapers yesterday because they took up too much space.
② The athlete _____ (throw) the javelin farther than anyone else in the competition.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他把书包扔在椅子上,然后开始写作业。
He _____ his schoolbag _____ the chair and then started doing his homework.
② 不要乱扔垃圾,保持环境整洁。
Don't _____ _____ _____ ; keep the environment clean and tidy.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “不要往河里扔石头,这对鱼很危险”。throw 表示 “扔;抛”,符合 “将石头投向河里” 的动作;drop(掉落,侧重 “无意掉落”)、put(放,侧重 “平稳放置”)、take(拿,侧重 “从某处拿起”),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “他把外套扔在沙发上,径直走向厨房”。threw 体现 “随意、快速放置外套” 的动作,符合语境;laid(放置,侧重 “小心摆放”)、placed(放置,侧重 “有目的地放”)、hung(挂,侧重 “悬挂物品”),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “那个愤怒的男人把杯子朝墙上扔去,杯子摔得粉碎”。throw sth. at sth. 表示 “朝某物扔某物”,符合 “愤怒时的动作”;hit(击打,侧重 “碰撞接触”)、pushed(推,侧重 “施加推力”)、knocked(敲,侧重 “轻击”),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① threw
【解析】根据 “yesterday” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,throw 的过去式为 threw,故填 threw。
② threw
【解析】句子描述比赛中的动作,时态为一般过去时,故填 threw。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① threw; on
【解析】“把…… 扔在…… 上” 用 throw sth. on sth.,根据 “started” 可知时态为一般过去时,throw 的过去式为 threw,故填 threw; on。
② throw away rubbish
【解析】“乱扔垃圾” 用 throw away rubbish,Don't 后接动词原形,故填 throw away rubbish。
18. quick adj. 快的;迅速的;adv. 迅速地;快速地
【搭配积累】quick reaction(快速反应)、quick breakfast(简便的早餐)、run quick(跑得快,口语)、make a quick decision(快速做决定)、be quick to do sth.(迅速做某事)
【用法示例
She has a quick mind and can solve problems easily.(她思维敏捷,能轻松解决问题。)
He ran quick to catch the last bus.(他快速跑去赶末班车。)(正式语境:He ran quickly to catch the last bus.)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① You need to make a _____ decision because we don't have much time left.
A. quick B. fast C. rapid D. swift
② She is _____ to learn new things; she mastered the skill in a week.
A. quick B. slow C. happy D. eager
③ He finished his homework _____ and went out to play.
A. quick B. quickly C. slow D. slowly
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The company needs to make a _____ (quick) response to the market changes.
② She typed _____ (quick) to finish the report before the deadline.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他有一双快手,能很快地完成手工活。
He has _____ _____ _____ and can finish handwork very fast.
② 听到闹钟响,她迅速起床。
She got up _____ when she heard the alarm clock ring.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “你需要快速做决定,因为我们没多少时间了”。quick 侧重 “动作、思维的快速”,修饰 decision(决定),符合语境;fast(侧重 “速度快”,如跑、开车)、rapid(侧重 “变化快”,如增长、发展)、swift(侧重 “动作迅速且流畅”,如鸟飞、水流),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “她学新东西很快,一周就掌握了这项技能”。be quick to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “迅速做某事”,符合语境;slow(慢的)、happy(高兴的)、eager(渴望的),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “他很快做完作业,出去玩了”。此处 quick 作副词,用于口语中表示 “迅速地”;quickly 为副词,虽语法正确,但选项中无 quickly 时,quick 符合口语用法;slow(慢的 / 地)、slowly(慢慢地)与语境相反,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① quick
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词 response,quick 作形容词,意为 “快速的”,故填 quick。
② quickly/quick
【解析】此处需要副词修饰动词 typed,quickly 为正式的副词形式;quick 作副词用于口语中也可,故填 quickly 或 quick。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① quick hands
【解析】“快手” 即 “灵活快速的手”,用 quick hands,故填 quick hands。
② quickly/quick
【解析】“迅速起床” 用 get up quickly(正式)或 get up quick(口语),故填 quickly 或 quick。
19. be about to 即将;正要 (做某事)
【用法释义】表示动作即将发生,强调 “马上就要做某事”,通常不与表示将来的时间状语(如 tomorrow、next week)连用,常与 when 引导的时间状语从句连用,构成 “be about to do sth. when...”(正要做某事,这时……)的结构。
【搭配积累】be about to leave(即将离开)、be about to start(正要开始)、be about to speak(正要说话)、be about to rain(快要下雨了)
【用法示例
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(我正要上床睡觉,这时电话响了。)
The meeting is about to begin, so let's go to the meeting room.(会议即将开始,我们去会议室吧。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① She _____ about to go out when her friend came to visit her.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
② The train _____ about to leave; we need to hurry up.
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
③ He _____ about to tell me the secret when someone interrupted him.
A. was B. is C. will be D. had been
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① I _____ (be) about to finish my homework when the power went out.
② They _____ (be) about to have dinner when the doorbell rang.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我正要打开电视,这时妈妈让我去帮忙。
I _____ _____ _____ turn on the TV when my mother asked me to help her.
② 这场比赛即将开始,观众们都很兴奋。
The match _____ _____ _____ begin, and the audience are all excited.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “她正要出去,这时她的朋友来拜访她了”。根据 “came” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,主语 She 为第三人称单数,be 动词用 was,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “火车即将离开,我们得快点”。句子描述当前 “即将发生的动作”,时态为一般现在时,主语 The train 为第三人称单数,be 动词用 is,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “他正要告诉我这个秘密,这时有人打断了他”。根据 “interrupted” 可知,时态为一般过去时,主语 He 为第三人称单数,be 动词用 was,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① was
【解析】根据 “went out” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,主语 I 对应的 be 动词为 was,故填 was。
② were
【解析】根据 “rang” 可知,时态为一般过去时,主语 They 对应的 be 动词为 were,故填 were。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① was about to
【解析】“正要做某事” 用 be about to do sth.,根据 “asked” 可知时态为一般过去时,主语 I 对应的 be 动词为 was,故填 was about to。
② is about to
【解析】“即将开始” 用 be about to begin,句子描述当前情况,时态为一般现在时,主语 The match 为第三人称单数,be 动词用 is,故填 is about to。
20. aid n.&v. 帮助;援助
【用法释义】作名词时,指给予有困难的人或地区的支持、帮助,可指物质援助或精神支持;作动词时,意为 “帮助;援助”,较正式,常与 in 搭配,表示 “在…… 方面帮助”。
【搭配积累】medical aid(医疗援助)、give aid to(给予…… 帮助)、aid sb. in sth.(在某事上帮助某人)、first aid(急救)、financial aid(经济援助)
【用法示例
The government provided aid to the people affected by the flood.(政府向受洪水影响的人们提供了援助。)
She aided her mother in preparing dinner.(她帮妈妈准备晚餐。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The Red Cross sent _____ to the disaster area to help the victims.
A. aid B. help C. support D. assistance
② He _____ his friend in solving the math problem.
A. aided B. helped C. assisted D. supported
③ You should learn some _____ skills in case of an emergency.
A. first aid B. medical C. rescue D. safety
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The organization has provided _____ (aid) to thousands of poor children.
② She _____ (aid) the old man to cross the road yesterday.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这个国家向其他国家提供了经济援助。
This country has provided _____ _____ to other countries.
② 他在学习上帮助我,我很感激他。
He _____ _____ _____ my study, and I am very grateful to him.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “红十字会向灾区运送了援助物资,帮助灾民”。aid 侧重 “正式的、有组织的援助”,符合 “红十字会” 的语境;help(泛指 “帮助”,口语化)、support(侧重 “精神支持或物质支持”)、assistance(侧重 “协助”,较正式,但 “send aid” 为常用搭配),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “他帮助朋友解这道数学题”。aid sb. in sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “在某事上帮助某人”,符合语境;help(常用 help sb. (to) do sth.)、assist(常用 assist sb. in doing sth.)、support(常用 support sb. in sth.,但侧重 “支持”,非 “解题帮助”),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “你应该学一些急救技能,以防紧急情况”。first aid 为固定短语,意为 “急救”,符合 “紧急情况” 的语境;medical(医疗的,需加 skills 才完整)、rescue(救援,rescue skills “救援技能”,范围较窄)、safety(安全的,safety skills “安全技能”,不特指 “急救”),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① aid
【解析】“provided” 后接名词,aid 为不可数名词,意为 “援助”,故填 aid。
② aided
【解析】根据 “yesterday” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,aid 的过去式为 aided,故填 aided。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① financial aid
【解析】“经济援助” 用 financial aid,为固定搭配,故填 financial aid。
② aids me in
【解析】“在…… 方面帮助某人” 用 aid sb. in sth.,句子时态为一般现在时,主语 He 为第三人称单数,aid 的第三人称单数形式为 aids,故填 aids me in。
21. safety n. 安全;安全处所
【搭配积累】safety first(安全第一)、personal safety(人身安全)、ensure safety(确保安全)、safety measures(安全措施)、seek safety(寻求安全处所)
【用法示例
Parents always care about their children's safety when they go out.(孩子出门时,父母总是关心他们的安全。)
We ran to the basement as a safety during the storm.(暴风雨时,我们跑到地下室作为安全处所。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① We must follow the _____ rules to avoid accidents in the factory.
A. safety B. safe C. dangerous D. danger
② The government has taken measures to ensure the _____ of the people during the festival.
A. safety B. safe C. security D. secure
③ She hid in the closet to seek _____ from the storm.
A. safety B. safe C. danger D. dangerous
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① For your _____ (safe), please wear a seatbelt when driving.
② The school has improved its _____ (safety) measures to protect the students.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我们应该始终把安全放在第一位。
We should always put _____ _____ first.
② 在山区徒步旅行时,要注意自己的安全。
When hiking in the mountains, you should pay attention to your own _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “我们必须遵守安全规则,避免工厂发生事故”。safety 为名词作定语,修饰 rules,“safety rules” 意为 “安全规则”;safe(形容词,不能直接修饰 rules)、dangerous(危险的,与语境相反)、danger(危险,名词,“danger rules” 语义不通),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “政府已采取措施确保节日期间人们的安全”。the 后接名词,safety 表示 “安全状态”,符合语境;safe(形容词)、security(侧重 “安保、防护”,如国家安全)、secure(形容词,安全的),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她躲在壁橱里躲避暴风雨,寻求安全”。seek 后接名词,safety 表示 “安全处所或安全状态”,符合语境;safe(形容词)、danger(危险,与语境相反)、dangerous(形容词,危险的),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① safety
【解析】“your” 后接名词,safe 的名词形式为 safety,意为 “安全”,故填 safety。
② safety
【解析】此处需要名词修饰 measures,“safety measures” 意为 “安全措施”,故填 safety。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① safety
【解析】“把安全放在第一位” 用 put safety first,safety 为不可数名词,故填 safety。
② safety
【解析】“自己的安全” 用 own safety,故填 safety。
22. unfortunately adv. 不幸地;可惜地
【用法释义】用于引出不好的、令人遗憾的情况,相当于 unluckily,常位于句首、句中或句末,修饰整个句子或某个动作。
【搭配积累】unfortunately for sb.(对某人来说不幸的是)、unfortunately enough(足够不幸地)
【用法示例
Unfortunately, I missed the last bus and had to walk home.(不幸的是,我错过了末班车,不得不走路回家。)
She worked very hard, but unfortunately, she didn't pass the exam.(她学习很努力,但可惜的是,她没有通过考试。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① _____ , the concert was canceled because of the bad weather.
A. Unfortunately B. Luckily C. Happily D. Fortunately
② He wanted to go to the party, but _____ , he had to stay at home to look after his sick mother.
A. unfortunately B. luckily C. happily D. fortunately
③ _____ for him, he lost his wallet on the way to work.
A. Unfortunately B. Lucky C. Unlucky D. Fortunately
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① _____ (fortunate), the little girl was saved by the firefighters in time.
② He is a good player, but _____ (fortunate), he was injured before the game.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 不幸的是,他在事故中伤了腿,不能参加比赛了。
_____ , he hurt his leg in the accident and couldn't take part in the competition.
② 她很想参观那个博物馆,但可惜的是,博物馆当天闭馆了。
She really wanted to visit that museum, but _____ , the museum was closed that day.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “不幸的是,音乐会因为天气不好取消了”。“音乐会取消” 是不好的结果,unfortunately 表示 “不幸地”,符合语境;luckily(幸运地)、happily(高兴地)、fortunately(幸运地)均与语境相反,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “他想去参加派对,但不幸的是,他不得不留在家里照顾生病的妈妈”。“不能去派对” 是遗憾的情况,unfortunately 符合语境;luckily、happily、fortunately 均与语境相反,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “对他来说不幸的是,他在上班路上丢了钱包”。“丢钱包” 是不幸的事,unfortunately 符合语境;lucky(幸运的,形容词)、unlucky(不幸的,形容词)、fortunately(幸运地,副词),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① Unfortunately
【解析】根据 “小女孩被及时救出” 可知,此处应表示 “幸运地”,但结合所给单词 fortunate,需用其否定副词形式 unfortunately 的相反词 fortunately?不,“被及时救出” 是好事,故应填 Fortunately(幸运地);若原句为 “小女孩没被及时救出”,则填 Unfortunately。此处结合语境 “被救出”,故填 Fortunately(注:若题目想表达 “不幸”,需调整语境,此处按 “幸运” 修正,确保逻辑正确)。
② unfortunately
【解析】“他是好球员,但比赛前受伤” 是遗憾的事,需用 fortunate 的否定副词形式 unfortunately,故填 unfortunately。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① Unfortunately
【解析】“不幸的是” 对应的副词为 Unfortunately,句首首字母大写,故填 Unfortunately。
② unfortunately
【解析】“可惜的是” 对应的副词为 unfortunately,位于句中,首字母小写,故填 unfortunately。
23. badly adv.(worse, worst) 严重地
【用法释义】主要表示 “严重地”,可修饰受伤、受损的程度,也可表示 “非常;很”(相当于 very),还可表示 “差地;糟糕地”,比较级为 worse,最高级为 worst。
【搭配积累】hurt badly(伤得严重)、need help badly(非常需要帮助)、do badly in(在…… 方面做得差)、be badly damaged(受损严重)
【用法示例
He was badly injured in the car accident and had to stay in hospital for a month.(他在车祸中伤得很严重,不得不住院一个月。)
She wants to go to college badly.(她非常想上大学。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The house was _____ damaged in the earthquake; it can't be repaired.
A. badly B. slightly C. hardly D. nearly
② He did _____ in the English exam and needs to study harder.
A. badly B. well C. good D. bad
③ The homeless people need food and water _____ .
A. badly B. well C. good D. bad
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The old man's leg was _____ (bad) hurt when he fell down the stairs.
② She did _____ (bad) in the speech competition than last time.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这场暴风雨严重破坏了当地的农田。
The storm _____ _____ the local farmland _____ .
② 他非常想得到这份工作,所以准备得很充分。
He wants to get this job _____ , so he prepared very well.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “这所房子在地震中受损严重,无法修复了”。“无法修复” 说明受损程度深,badly 表示 “严重地”,符合语境;slightly(轻微地)、hardly(几乎不)、nearly(几乎),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “他英语考试考得很差,需要更努力学习”。“需要更努力” 说明考得差,did 后接副词,badly 表示 “差地”,符合语境;well(好地)、good(好的,形容词)、bad(坏的,形容词),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “无家可归的人非常需要食物和水”。need sth. badly 为固定搭配,意为 “非常需要某物”,符合语境;well(好地)、good(好的,形容词)、bad(坏的,形容词),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① badly
【解析】此处需要副词修饰动词 hurt,bad 的副词形式为 badly,意为 “严重地”,故填 badly。
② worse
【解析】根据 “than last time” 可知,此处需要比较级,badly 的比较级为 worse,故填 worse。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① damaged; badly
【解析】“破坏” 用 damage,句子时态为一般过去时,damage 的过去式为 damaged;“严重地” 用 badly,修饰动词 damaged,故填 damaged; badly。
② badly
【解析】“非常想” 用 want badly,故填 badly。
24. harm n.&v. 伤害;损害
【用法释义】作名词时,指对人或事物造成的身体伤害或抽象损害(如名誉、利益等);作动词时,意为 “伤害;损害”,语气较温和,常与 to 搭配。
【搭配积累】do harm to(对…… 造成伤害)、cause harm(造成伤害)、harm sb.'s health(损害某人的健康)、no harm done(没造成伤害,口语)
【用法示例
Smoking does great harm to our lungs.(吸烟对我们的肺造成很大伤害。)
The bad reviews didn't harm the singer's popularity.(负面评论没有损害这位歌手的人气。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Playing computer games for a long time can _____ harm to your eyes.
A. do B. make C. take D. give
② The chemical waste from the factory has _____ harm to the river.
A. caused B. done C. made D. taken
③ There is no _____ in trying this new method; it might work.
A. harm B. hurt C. pain D. injury
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① It is important to protect children from _____ (harm) environments.
② The loud noise may _____ (harm) your hearing if you are exposed to it for a long time.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 过量饮酒会损害你的肝脏。
Drinking too much alcohol can _____ _____ _____ your liver.
② 这种药不会对身体造成伤害,但需要按剂量服用。
This medicine won't _____ _____ _____ your body, but you need to take it according to the dosage.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “长时间玩电脑游戏会对你的眼睛造成伤害”。do harm to 为固定搭配,意为 “对…… 造成伤害”,故选 A;make、take、give 均无此搭配。
② A
【解析】句意为 “工厂的化学废料对河流造成了伤害”。cause harm to 表示 “对…… 造成伤害”,符合 “化学废料危害河流” 的语境;do harm to 也可,但选项中无 do,caused 符合语境;made、taken 无此搭配,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “尝试这种新方法没什么坏处,可能会有用”。no harm done 为固定表达,此处 “no harm in doing sth.” 表示 “做某事没坏处”,符合语境;hurt(伤害,侧重 “疼痛”)、pain(痛苦)、injury(损伤,侧重 “身体伤害”),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① harmful
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词 environments,harm 的形容词形式为 harmful,意为 “有害的”,故填 harmful。
② harm
【解析】“may” 后接动词原形,harm 作动词时,意为 “伤害”,故填 harm。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① do harm to
【解析】“损害……” 用 do harm to,can 后接动词原形,故填 do harm to。
② do any harm to
【解析】“对…… 造成伤害” 用 do harm to,否定句中用 any 修饰 harm,故填 do any harm to。
25. painful adj.(身体部位) 疼痛的;令人痛苦的
【搭配积累】painful knee(疼痛的膝盖)、painful experience(痛苦的经历)、painful memory(痛苦的回忆)、be painful to do sth.(做某事很痛苦)
【用法示例
Her ankle was painful after she twisted it during the run.(她跑步时扭伤了脚踝,之后脚踝很疼。)
It was a painful decision for her to leave her hometown.(离开家乡对她来说是一个痛苦的决定。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① She has a _____ shoulder because she carried a heavy bag yesterday.
A. painful B. pain C. hurt D. sore
② The death of her grandmother was a _____ experience for her.
A. painful B. happy C. joyful D. exciting
③ It is _____ to walk after my leg was injured.
A. painful B. painless C. easy D. comfortable
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The _____ (pain) wound made it difficult for him to move.
② She found it _____ (pain) to talk about her past failures.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他的牙痛很严重,连吃饭都很痛苦。
His toothache is very serious, and even eating is _____ .
② 那次失败对他来说是一次痛苦的教训。
That failure was a _____ _____ for him.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “她肩膀疼,因为昨天背了一个重包”。painful 为形容词,修饰名词 shoulder,意为 “疼痛的肩膀”;pain(名词,疼痛)、hurt(动词 / 名词,伤害)、sore(形容词,疼痛的,常与 throat、muscle 搭配,shoulder 用 painful 更常用),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “奶奶的去世对她来说是一段痛苦的经历”。“亲人去世” 是痛苦的事,painful 表示 “令人痛苦的”,符合语境;happy(高兴的)、joyful(快乐的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)均与语境相反,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “我的腿受伤后,走路很痛苦”。“腿受伤” 导致走路疼,painful 表示 “痛苦的”,符合语境;painless(无痛的)、easy(容易的)、comfortable(舒适的)均与语境相反,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① painful
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词 wound,pain 的形容词形式为 painful,意为 “疼痛的”,故填 painful。
② painful
【解析】“find it + 形容词 + to do sth.” 为固定结构,此处表示 “谈论过去的失败很痛苦”,故填 painful。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① painful
【解析】“很痛苦” 用 painful,此处形容词作表语,故填 painful。
② painful lesson
【解析】“痛苦的教训” 用 painful lesson,故填 painful lesson。
26. lie v.(lay, lain) 平躺;平放
【用法释义】表示身体 “平躺” 或物体 “平放”,不表示 “说谎”(“说谎” 的 lie 过去式为 lied,过去分词为 lied),此处 lie 的过去式为 lay,过去分词为 lain,常与介词 in、on 搭配。
【搭配积累】lie on the bed(躺在床上)、lie in the sun(躺在阳光下)、lie flat(平躺)、lie on the table(平放在桌子上)
【用法示例
She lay on the sofa and watched TV for a while.(她躺在沙发上看了一会儿电视。)
The book has lain on the desk since last week.(这本书自上周起就一直放在桌子上。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He _____ on the grass and looked up at the stars.
A. lay B. lied C. laid D. lain
② The letter has _____ on the desk for two days; you should read it.
A. lain B. lay C. lied D. laid
③ She likes to _____ in bed and listen to music on weekends.
A. lie B. lay C. lied D. laid
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① He _____ (lie) on the floor because he was too tired to stand up.
② The newspaper has _____ (lie) on the chair since this morning.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 手术后,他需要平躺休息。
After the operation, he needs to _____ _____ and rest.
② 那块布平放在桌子上,等待被裁剪。
That piece of cloth _____ _____ on the table, waiting to be cut.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “他躺在草地上,抬头看星星”。此处表示 “平躺”,时态为一般过去时,lie 的过去式为 lay,故选 A;lied(说谎的过去式)、laid(放置,lay 的过去式)、lain(lie 的过去分词),均不符合。
② A
【解析】句意为 “这封信在桌子上放了两天了,你应该读一下”。根据 “has” 和 “for two days” 可知,句子时态为现在完成时,lie 的过去分词为 lain,故选 A;lay(过去式)、lied(说谎的过去分词)、laid(放置的过去分词),均不符合。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “周末她喜欢躺在床上听音乐”。“like to” 后接动词原形,此处表示 “平躺”,用 lie,故选 A;lay(动词原形,意为 “放置”)、lied(过去式 / 过去分词,说谎)、laid(过去式 / 过去分词,放置),均不符合。
(2)单句填空
① lay
【解析】根据 “was” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,lie(平躺)的过去式为 lay,故填 lay。
② lain
【解析】根据 “has” 和 “since this morning” 可知,句子时态为现在完成时,lie 的过去分词为 lain,故填 lain。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① lie flat
【解析】“平躺” 用 lie flat,need to 后接动词原形,故填 lie flat。
② lies flat
【解析】句子描述当前 “布平放” 的状态,时态为一般现在时,主语 That piece of cloth 为第三人称单数,lie 的第三人称单数形式为 lies,故填 lies flat。
27. harmful adj. 有害的
【搭配积累】harmful chemicals(有害化学物质)、be harmful to health(对健康有害)、harmful effects(有害影响)、harmful habits(有害习惯)
【用法示例
Eating too much junk food is harmful to our health.(吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。)
The harmful gases from cars pollute the air.(汽车排放的有害气体污染空气。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Smoking is _____ to your lungs and can cause serious diseases.
A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. harmless
② We should avoid using _____ products that are bad for the environment.
A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. harmless
③ The _____ effects of alcohol on the brain are well-known.
A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. harmless
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① It is important to keep children away from _____ (harm) substances.
② The new study shows that this kind of plastic is _____ (harm) to marine life.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 长时间看手机对眼睛有害。
Looking at mobile phones for a long time is _____ _____ your eyes.
② 这种植物释放的物质对昆虫是有害的。
The substance released by this plant is _____ _____ insects.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “吸烟对你的肺有害,会导致严重的疾病”。“吸烟导致疾病” 说明是有害的,be harmful to 为固定搭配,意为 “对…… 有害”,符合语境;helpful(有帮助的)、useful(有用的)、harmless(无害的)均与语境相反,故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “我们应该避免使用对环境有害的产品”。“对环境不好” 即 “有害的”,harmful 修饰 products,符合语境;helpful、useful、harmless 均与语境相反,故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “酒精对大脑的有害影响是众所周知的”。“有害影响” 用 harmful effects,符合 “酒精危害大脑” 的常识;helpful、useful、harmless 均与语境相反,故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① harmful
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词 substances,harm 的形容词形式为 harmful,意为 “有害的”,故填 harmful。
② harmful
【解析】“be harmful to” 为固定搭配,意为 “对…… 有害”,故填 harmful。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① harmful to
【解析】“对…… 有害” 用 be harmful to,故填 harmful to。
② harmful to
【解析】同理,“对昆虫有害” 用 be harmful to,故填 harmful to。
28. hit v.(hit,hit) 碰撞;击;打;n. 打;击;击中
【搭配积累】hit sb. on the head(打某人的头)、hit a ball(击球)、hit a wall(撞墙)、a hit on the face(打在脸上)、a home run hit(本垒打)
【用法示例
The boy hit the ball over the fence.(男孩把球击过了栅栏。)
She got a hit on the arm when she tried to stop the fight.(她试图阻止打斗时,胳膊被打了一下。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The car _____ a tree on the side of the road because the driver was sleepy.
A. hit B. crashed C. knocked D. bumped
② He _____ the tennis ball with great force, and it landed outside the court.
A. hit B. beat C. struck D. slapped
③ She received a hard _____ on the back and felt a sharp pain.
A. hit B. beat C. strike D. blow
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The storm _____ (hit) the coastal city last night, causing heavy rain and strong winds.
② He _____ (hit) the nail into the wall with a hammer.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 那个篮球运动员用力击球,球进了。
The basketball player _____ _____ _____ with great force, and the ball went into the basket.
② 他不小心撞到了门上,额头肿了起来。
He accidentally _____ _____ _____ , and his forehead swelled up.
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “因为司机很困,车撞到了路边的树上”。hit 表示 “碰撞”,直接接宾语,符合 “车撞树” 的动作;crashed(碰撞,常与 into 搭配,crash into a tree)、knocked(敲,常与 at/on 搭配)、bumped(碰撞,常与 into 搭配,bump into a tree),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “他用力击打网球,球落在了球场外”。hit 表示 “击球”,符合 “打网球” 的语境;beat(连续击打,如打鼓)、struck(击打,较正式,如雷击)、slapped(拍打,如拍手、打耳光),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “她的后背被重重地打了一下,感到一阵剧痛”。hit 作名词时,指 “一下击打”,符合语境;beat(连续击打,名词)、strike(击打,名词,较正式)、blow(一击,常指 “重拳”),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① hit
【解析】根据 “last night” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时,hit 的过去式为 hit,故填 hit。
② hit
【解析】句子描述过去 “用锤子钉钉子” 的动作,时态为一般过去时,故填 hit。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① hit the ball
【解析】“击球” 用 hit the ball,句子时态为一般过去时,hit 的过去式为 hit,故填 hit the ball。
② hit the door
【解析】“撞到门” 用 hit the door,根据 “swelled up” 可知时态为一般过去时,故填 hit the door。
29. shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;v. 使震惊;使惊愕
【搭配积累】in shock(处于震惊中)、a great shock(巨大的震惊)、shock sb. by sth.(因某事使某人震惊)、be shocked at(对…… 感到震惊)
【用法示例
The news of his death gave us a great shock.(他去世的消息给了我们巨大的震惊。)
I was shocked by her rude behavior.(她粗鲁的行为让我很震惊。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Everyone was in _____ when they heard the terrible accident.
A. shock B. surprise C. excitement D. happiness
② Her decision to quit the job _____ all her colleagues.
A. shocked B. surprised C. excited D. pleased
③ The film tells a _____ story that makes people think about social problems.
A. shocking B. shocking C. surprised D. excited
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The _____ (shock) news made her cry for a long time.
② We were _____ (shock) to hear that our favorite teacher was leaving.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 听到这个令人震惊的消息,他说不出话来。
He couldn't speak when he heard this _____ _____ .
② 她的勇敢行为让所有人都很震惊。
Her brave act _____ _____ _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “听到这场可怕的事故,每个人都处于震惊中”。in shock 为固定短语,意为 “处于震惊中”,符合 “可怕事故” 的语境;surprise(惊讶,in surprise “惊讶地”)、excitement(兴奋)、happiness(幸福),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “她辞职的决定让所有同事都很震惊”。“辞职” 可能是意外且令人意外的事,shock 表示 “使震惊”,符合语境;surprise(使惊讶,程度较轻)、excited(使兴奋)、pleased(使高兴),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “这部电影讲述了一个令人震惊的故事,让人们思考社会问题”。“思考社会问题” 说明故事具有冲击力,shocking 为形容词,修饰 story,意为 “令人震惊的”;surprised(感到惊讶的,修饰人)、excited(感到兴奋的,修饰人),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① shocking
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词 news,shock 的形容词形式为 shocking,意为 “令人震惊的”,故填 shocking。
② shocked
【解析】“be shocked to do sth.” 为固定结构,意为 “做某事感到震惊”,shocked 修饰人,故填 shocked。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① shocking news
【解析】“令人震惊的消息” 用 shocking news,故填 shocking news。
② shocked everyone
【解析】“使所有人震惊” 用 shock everyone,句子时态为一般过去时,shock 的过去式为 shocked,故填 shocked everyone。
30. tight adj. 疼痛的;憋气的;紧的;牢固的
【搭配积累】tight shoes(紧鞋)、hold tight(抓紧)、tight chest(憋气的胸口)、tight schedule(紧张的日程)、tight knot(牢固的结)
【用法示例
These shoes are too tight; my feet hurt.(这双鞋太紧了,我的脚很疼。)
She held tight to her mother's hand in the crowded street.(在拥挤的街上,她紧紧抓住妈妈的手。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The rope was tied in a _____ knot, so it didn't come loose.
A. tight B. loose C. big D. small
② Her chest felt _____ after running up the stairs quickly.
A. tight B. comfortable C. relaxed D. loose
③ He wore a _____ shirt that made him feel uncomfortable.
A. tight B. loose C. big D. small
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She pulled the door _____ (tight) to keep the cold air out.
② His legs felt _____ (tight) after sitting for hours without moving.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 你应该系紧安全带,确保安全。
You should fasten your seatbelt _____ _____ to ensure safety.
② 长时间工作后,他的肩膀又酸又紧。
After working for a long time, his shoulders were sore and _____ .
答案与解析:
(1)单项选择
① A
【解析】句意为 “绳子打了一个牢固的结,所以没有松掉”。“没松掉” 说明结很牢固,tight 表示 “牢固的”,符合语境;loose(松的)、big(大的)、small(小的),故选 A。
② A
【解析】句意为 “快速跑上楼梯后,她感觉胸口憋气”。“快速跑楼梯” 会导致胸口不适,tight 表示 “憋气的”,符合语境;comfortable(舒适的)、relaxed(放松的)、loose(松的),故选 A。
③ A
【解析】句意为 “他穿了一件紧身衬衫,让他感觉不舒服”。“不舒服” 说明衬衫很紧,tight 表示 “紧的”,符合语境;loose(松的)、big(大的)、small(小的,侧重 “尺寸小”,而非 “紧身”),故选 A。
(2)单句填空
① tight
【解析】此处 “pulled the door tight” 表示 “把门拉紧”,tight 为副词,修饰动词 pulled,意为 “紧紧地”,故填 tight。
② tight
【解析】“felt” 后接形容词,tight 表示 “紧绷的、疼痛的”,此处指 “腿坐久了紧绷”,故填 tight。
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① tight
【解析】“系紧安全带” 用 fasten the seatbelt tight,tight 为副词,意为 “紧紧地”,故填 tight。
② tight
【解析】“又酸又紧” 用 sore and tight,tight 为形容词,作表语,故填 tight。
◇Part 03 词汇强化训练
提|升|练|习
单项选择
1. We enjoyed ______ at the picnic last weekend because the food and games were great.
A.ourselves B.themselves C.himself D.herself
2. My throat is ______, so I can't speak loudly in class.
A.happy B.sore C.clear D.bright
3. If you eat too much cold food, you may get a ______.
A.headache B.toothache C.stomachache D.backache
4. You have a bad toothache, so you should go to see a ______ as soon as possible.
A.doctor B.dentist C.teacher D.farmer
5. The nurse is ______ my temperature to see if I have a ______.
A.taking; fever B.giving; cold C.making; flu D.doing; illness
6. We should ______ eating too much junk food to keep healthy.
A.enjoy B.avoid C.practice D.finish
7. He has a bad ______ because he caught a cold yesterday.
A.cough B.nosebleed C.injury D.shock
8. She ______ a bad headache for three days, so she went to the hospital.
A.suffered from B.looked for C.waited for D.asked for
9. The doctor gave me some ______ to take after meals.
A.fruit B.medicine C.water D.bread
10. We need to wear a ______ when we go out during the flu season to stop the virus.
A.hat B.mask C.glove D.scarf
11. The ______ can spread easily from person to person, so we should wash hands often.
A.flower B.virus C.book D.pen
12. We must ______ children from playing with fire.
A.stop B.let C.make D.help
13. The ______ in the hospital are very kind to all the ______.
A.doctors; patients B.teachers; students C.farmers; workers D.parents; kids
14. He got a small ______ on his arm when he fell off his bike.
A.illness B.injury C.fever D.cough
15. Her ______ made her stay at home for a week.
A.happiness B.illness C.kindness D.darkness
16. There are two ______ on the table. Be careful not to cut your fingers.
A.knifes B.knives C.knife D.knive
17. I felt a sharp ______ in my leg after running for a long time.
A.pain B.pleasure C.joy D.fun
18. We should learn some ______ skills to help people in danger.
A.first aid B.music C.art D.sports
19. Our teachers always tell us to pay attention to ______ when we cross the road.
A.safety B.beauty C.health D.study
20. The hot water ______ my hand accidentally. I need to put some cold water on it.
A.burnt B.bought C.brought D.built
21. When the building is ______, we should not use the lift.
A.on time B.on fire C.on duty D.on sale
22. Don't ______ when you face danger. Keep calm and ask for help.
A.panic B.laugh C.cry D.sleep
23. He ______ the ball to his friend, but his friend didn't catch it.
A.threw B.thought C.thanked D.taught
24. The baby likes to ______ on the floor and laugh happily.
A.roll B.jump C.walk D.run
25. We need to give ______ to the old man who fell down on the street.
A.aid B.food C.money D.books
26. Smoking is ______ to your health. You'd better give it up.
A.helpful B.harmful C.careful D.useful
27. If you feel tired, you should ______ and have a rest.
A.lie down B.stand up C.sit down D.jump up
28. His nose ______ when he fell off the chair. He needs some paper.
A.bled B.broke C.breathed D.bowed
29. The doctor will ______ your body carefully to find out what's wrong.
A.check B.change C.choose D.close
30. She is ______ to peanuts, so she can't eat any food with peanuts.
A.allergic B.angry C.afraid D.ready
31. ______, I will study harder and not be careless in my exams.
A.From now on B.In the past C.At first D.All the time
32. He failed the math test because he was too ______ and made many mistakes.
A.careful B.careless C.patient D.nervous
33. My little sister has a ______ nose because of the cold.She needs a lot of tissues.
A.dry B.runny C.clear D.tight
34. His knee is ______ after he fell off his skateboard.It looks purple.
A.bruised B.painful C.clear D.bright
35. Many students didn't come to school because they caught the ______.
A.flu B.fever C.cough D.stomach
36. We should protect the ______ by planting more trees and reducing pollution.
A.brightness B.environment C.safety D.illness
37. You must wait for the green light before you ______ the road.
A.cross B.run C.fly D.swim
38. Dry leaves can ______ easily in summer. Don't throw cigarette butts near them.
A.catch fire B.take place C.get up D.turn on
39. My mother is cooking dinner on the ______ in the kitchen.
A.stove B.desk C.chair D.bed
40. After the accident, his leg was so ______ that he couldn't walk.
A.painful B.happy C.excited D.relaxed
答案与解析:
1. A
【解析】主语是We,对应的反身代词是ourselves(我们自己),符合“在野餐中玩得开心”的语境;themselves对应they,himself对应he,herself对应she,均与主语不一致。
2. B
【解析】sore意为“疼痛的”,结合“不能大声说话”可知是喉咙痛,符合语境;happy(开心的)、clear(清晰的)、bright(明亮的)均与“无法大声说话”的情境不符。
3. C
【解析】stomachache意为“胃痛;肚子疼”,“吃太多冷食”容易引发胃痛;headache(头痛)、toothache(牙痛)、backache(背痛)均与“吃冷食”的诱因不匹配。
4. B
【解析】dentist意为“牙科医生”,牙痛应看牙医;doctor是泛指“医生”,范围过广,teacher(老师)、farmer(农民)与“治牙痛”无关。
5. A
【解析】take one's temperature是固定短语,意为“给某人量体温”;fever意为“发烧”,符合“量体温判断是否发烧”的逻辑;其他选项中,give(给)、make(制作)、do(做)与“量体温”搭配不当,cold(感冒)、flu(流感)、illness(疾病)与“量体温”的直接关联不如fever紧密。
6. B
【解析】avoid意为“避免;防止”,avoid doing sth. 是固定用法,意为“避免做某事”,“避免吃太多垃圾食品”符合“保持健康”的语境;enjoy(享受)、practice(练习)、finish(完成)均与句意不符。
7. A
【解析】cough意为“咳嗽”,“感冒”常伴随咳嗽症状;nosebleed(鼻出血)、injury(伤害)、shock(震惊)均不是感冒的典型症状。
8. A
【解析】suffer from意为“受苦;受折磨”,后接疾病名称,“遭受头痛折磨三天”符合“去医院”的语境;look for(寻找)、wait for(等待)、ask for(请求)均与“头痛”和“去医院”的逻辑不符。
9. B
【解析】medicine意为“药”,医生会给病人开药,“饭后吃药”是合理场景;fruit(水果)、water(水)、bread(面包)均不是医生治疗疾病时会开具的物品。
10. B
【解析】mask意为“口罩”,流感季节戴口罩可阻挡病毒;hat(帽子)、glove(手套)、scarf(围巾)均无“阻挡病毒”的功能。
11. B
【解析】virus意为“病毒”,病毒容易人际传播,因此需要勤洗手;flower(花)、book(书)、pen(笔)均不具备“易传播”的特性。
12. A
【解析】stop sb. from doing sth. 是固定短语,意为“防止某人做某事”,“阻止孩子玩火”符合安全常识;let(让)、make(使)后接动词原形,不与from搭配,help(帮助)与“阻止玩火”的语义相反。
13. A
【解析】patient作名词时意为“病人”,医院里的医生对病人好,符合场景;其他选项中,teacher与student(学生)、farmer与worker(工人)、parent与kid(孩子)均不涉及“医院”的场景。
14. B
【解析】injury意为“伤害;损伤”,从自行车上摔下来会导致身体受伤;illness(疾病)是泛指身体不适,fever(发烧)、cough(咳嗽)均是具体疾病症状,与“摔下来”的外伤场景不符。
15. B
【解析】illness意为“疾病”,“生病”会导致“在家待一周”;happiness(快乐)、kindness(善良)、darkness(黑暗)均不会让人“在家待一周”。
16. B
【解析】knife的复数形式是knives,符合“两把刀”的数量表达;knifes、knive均是复数形式的错误写法,knife是单数,与two不匹配。
17. A
【解析】pain意为“疼痛;痛苦”,“长时间跑步后腿部剧痛”是合理感受;pleasure(愉快)、joy(快乐)、fun(乐趣)均与“长时间跑步后的腿部感受”相反。
18. A
【解析】first aid意为“急救”,学习急救技能可帮助处于危险中的人;music(音乐)、art(美术)、sports(运动)技能均无法直接帮助危险中的人。
19. A
【解析】safety意为“安全”,过马路时应注意安全;beauty(美丽)、health(健康)、study(学习)均与“过马路”的场景无关。
20. A
【解析】burn意为“燃烧;烫伤”,过去式是burnt,“热水意外烫伤手”符合“用冷水冲洗”的后续动作;bought(买)、brought(带来)、built(建造)均与“热水”和“手受伤”的场景无关。
21. B
【解析】on fire意为“着火;起火”,大楼着火时使用电梯存在安全隐患,因此不能用;on time(准时)、on duty(值日)、on sale(打折)均与“不能用电梯”的逻辑无关。
22. A
【解析】panic意为“惊恐;恐慌”,“面对危险时不恐慌,保持冷静求助”是正确的应对方式;laugh(笑)、cry(哭)、sleep(睡觉)均不是面对危险时的合理反应。
23. A
【解析】throw意为“扔;抛”,过去式是threw,“把球扔给朋友”符合“朋友没接住”的语境;thought(思考)、thanked(感谢)、taught(教)均与“扔球”的动作无关。
24. A
【解析】roll意为“(使)翻滚;滚动”,婴儿喜欢在地板上翻滚是常见场景;jump(跳)、walk(走)、run(跑)均不符合婴儿的行为特点和“在地板上”的场景适配度。
25. A
【解析】aid意为“帮助;援助”,“给摔倒的老人提供帮助”是合理行为;food(食物)、money(钱)、books(书)均不是摔倒老人最急需的,且aid更贴合“紧急情况下的帮助”。
26. B
【解析】harmful意为“有害的”,吸烟对健康有害是常识;helpful(有帮助的)、careful(小心的)、useful(有用的)均与“吸烟”和“健康”的关系不符。
27. A
【解析】lie down意为“平躺;平卧”,“感到疲惫时平躺休息”是合理的放松方式;stand up(站起来)、jump up(跳起来)与“休息”的目的相反,sit down(坐下)的休息效果不如lie down贴合“疲惫”的情境。
28. A
【解析】bleed意为“流血;出血”,过去式是bled,“从椅子上摔下来鼻出血”符合“需要纸巾”的后续需求;broke(打破)、breathed(呼吸)、bowed(鞠躬)均与“鼻子”和“需要纸巾”的场景无关。
29. A
【解析】check意为“检查;查明”,医生会通过检查身体找出病因;change(改变)、choose(选择)、close(关闭)均与“医生诊断疾病”的动作无关。
30. A
【解析】allergic意为“过敏的”,be allergic to sth. 是固定用法,意为“对某物过敏”,“对花生过敏所以不能吃含花生的食物”符合逻辑;angry(生气的)、afraid(害怕的)、ready(准备好的)均不与to搭配表示“过敏”。
31. A
【解析】from now on意为“从现在起”,“从现在起努力学习,考试不粗心”是合理的决心表达;in the past(在过去)与“将来努力”的时态矛盾,at first(起初)、all the time(一直)均不符合句意。
32. B
【解析】careless意为“不小心的;粗心的”,“粗心导致很多错误,进而考试不及格”符合逻辑;careful(细心的)与句意相反,patient(有耐心的)、nervous(紧张的)均不是“考试犯错”的主要原因。
33. B
【解析】runny意为“流鼻涕的”,感冒时会流鼻涕,因此需要很多纸巾;dry(干的)与“需要纸巾”矛盾,clear(清晰的)、tight(紧的)均不用于描述鼻子因感冒出现的症状。
34. A
【解析】bruised意为“受了瘀伤的”,从滑板上摔下来后膝盖会出现瘀伤,颜色发紫;painful(疼痛的)是瘀伤的感受,而非外观描述,clear(清晰的)、bright(明亮的)均与“摔后膝盖发紫”的场景不符。
35. A
【解析】flu意为“流行性感冒”,具有传染性,会导致很多学生缺勤;fever(发烧)、cough(咳嗽)是疾病症状,不是会大规模传染导致缺勤的疾病名称,stomach(胃)不是疾病。
36. B
【解析】environment意为“环境”,“种树减少污染”是保护地球环境的行为;brightness(亮度)、safety(安全)、illness(疾病)均与“种树减少污染”的行为无关。
37. A
【解析】cross意为“穿越;横过”,“过马路前等绿灯”是交通规则;run(跑)、fly(飞)、swim(游泳)均不是“过马路”的正确动作。
38. A
【解析】catch fire意为“着火”,干树叶在夏天容易着火,因此不能在附近扔烟蒂;take place(发生)、get up(起床)、turn on(打开)均与“干树叶”和“烟蒂”的关联场景无关。
39. A
【解析】stove意为“厨房灶具;炉子”,“在厨房的炉子上做饭”是合理场景;desk(书桌)、chair(椅子)、bed(床)均不是厨房中用于做饭的工具。
40. A
【解析】painful意为“(身体部位)疼痛的”,“事故后腿太痛不能走路”符合逻辑;happy(开心的)、excited(兴奋的)、relaxed(放松的)均与“事故后不能走路”的痛苦场景相反。
$2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024)
Unit 2 Stay Healthy 词汇讲练
目录
第一部分 单元词汇背默锁定基础 高效学习
第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固
第三部分 词汇强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 单元词汇清单
Unit 2 词汇背诵清单
(
1
/
2
)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
ourselves pron.我们自己
sore adj.疼痛的;酸痛的
throat n.喉咙
stomachache n.胃痛;肚子疼
headache n.头痛
toothache n.牙痛
backache n.背痛;腰痛
press v.压;按;挤;推
nosebleed n.鼻出血
dentist n.牙科医生
fever n.发烧
stomach n.胃;腹部
avoid v.避免;防止
gas n.气体;燃气
ache n.&v.疼痛
X-ray n.X光照片;X射线
careless adj.不小心的;粗心的
runny adj.流鼻涕的;流眼泪的
cough n.&v.咳嗽
bruised adj.受了瘀伤的
suffer v.受苦;遭受
suffer from受苦;受折磨
take a seat坐下
take one's temperature给某人量体温
test n.&v.检查;测验
flu n.流行性感冒
medicine n.药;医学
mask n.口罩
virus n.病毒
stop .from doing防止…;阻止……
description n.描写;形容
patient n.病人;adj.有耐心的
injury n.伤害;损伤
illness n.疾病
knife n.(pl.knives)刀
clear adj.清晰的;清楚的;v.清理
pain n.疼痛;痛苦
what's more更有甚者;更为重要的是
brightness n.亮度
environment n.环境
cross v.穿越;横过;交叉
catch fire着火
themselves pron.他(或她、它)们自己
fry v.油炸;油煎;油炒
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开
stove n.厨房灶具;炉子
happily adv.快乐地;高兴地
no way不可能;没门
burn v.(burnt, burnt)燃烧;着火
on fire着火;起火
flame n.火焰
panic n.惊恐;恐慌
onto prep.向;朝
throw v.(threw, thrown)猛动身体(部位);扔;抛
roll v.(使)翻滚;滚动
quick adj.快的;迅速的;adv.迅速地;快速地
be about to即将;正要(做某事)
stop short突然停住
aid n.&v.帮助;援助
first aid急救
safety n.安全;安全处所
extinguisher n.灭火器
eat out上馆子吃饭;在外用餐
tonight adv.在今晚;n.今夜;今晚
sadly adv.伤心地;令人遗憾
smoke n.烟;v.吸烟;冒烟
unfortunately adv.不幸地;可惜地
luckily adv.幸运地
badly adv.(worse, worst)严重地
harm n.&v.伤害;损害
pill n.药丸;药片
painful adj.(身体部位)疼痛的;令人痛苦的
lie v.(lay, lain)平躺;平放
lie down平躺;平卧
harmful adj.有害的
hit v.(hit,hit)碰撞;击;打;n.打;击;击中
shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;v.使震惊;使惊愕
bleed v.(bled, bled)流血;出血
check v.检查;查明;n.检查;调查
tight adj.疼痛的;憋气的;紧的;牢固的
peanut n.花生
nervously adv.紧张不安地
allergic adj.过敏的
from now on从现在起
Unit 2 词汇默写清单
______________ pron.我们自己
______________ adj.疼痛的;酸痛的
______________ n.喉咙
______________ n.胃痛;肚子疼
______________ n.头痛
______________ n.牙痛
______________ n.背痛;腰痛
______________ v.压;按;挤;推
______________ n.鼻出血
______________ n.牙科医生
______________ n.发烧
______________ n.胃;腹部
______________v.避免;防止
______________n.气体;燃气
______________ n.&v.疼痛
______________n.X光照片;X射线
______________adj.不小心的;粗心的
______________ adj.流鼻涕的;流眼泪的
______________n.&v.咳嗽
______________ adj.受了瘀伤的
______________ v.受苦;遭受
______________受苦;受折磨
______________坐下
______________给某人量体温
______________ n.&v.检查;测验
______________n.流行性感冒
______________ n.药;医学
______________ n.口罩
______________ n.病毒
______________防止…;阻止……
______________n.描写;形容
______________ n.病人;adj.有耐心的
______________ n.伤害;损伤
______________n.疾病
______________ n.(pl.knives)刀
______________ adj.清晰的;清楚的;v.清理
______________ n.疼痛;痛苦
______________更有甚者;更为重要的是
______________n.亮度
______________ n.环境
______________ v.穿越;横过;交叉
______________着火
______________ pron.他(或她、它)们自己
______________ v.油炸;油煎;油炒
______________接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开
______________ n.厨房灶具;炉子
______________adv.快乐地;高兴地
______________不可能;没门
______________v.(______________, ______________)燃烧;着火
______________着火;起火
______________ n.火焰
______________n.惊恐;恐慌
______________ prep.向;朝
______________v.(______________, ______________)猛动身体(部位);扔;抛
______________ v.(使)翻滚;滚动
______________ adj.快的;迅速的;adv.迅速地;快速地
______________即将;正要(做某事)
______________突然停住
______________n.&v.帮助;援助
______________急救
______________ n.安全;安全处所
______________ n.灭火器
______________上馆子吃饭;在外用餐
______________adv.在今晚;n.今夜;今晚
______________adv.伤心地;令人遗憾
______________ n.烟;v.吸烟;冒烟
______________ adv.不幸地;可惜地
______________ adv.幸运地
______________adv.(______________, ______________)严重地
______________n.&v.伤害;损害
______________ n.药丸;药片
______________adj.(身体部位)疼痛的;令人痛苦的
______________ v.(______________, ______________)平躺;平放
______________平躺;平卧
______________adj.有害的
______________v.(______________,______________)碰撞;击;打;n.打;击;击中
______________ n.震惊;令人震惊的事;v.使震惊;使惊愕
______________v.(______________, ______________)流血;出血
______________ v.检查;查明;n.检查;调查
______________adj.疼痛的;憋气的;紧的;牢固的
______________ n.花生
______________ adv.紧张不安地
______________ adj.过敏的
______________从现在起
◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练
1. press v. 压;按;挤;推
【搭配积累】press the button(按按钮)、press against(靠在…… 上)、press for(迫切要求)、press sth. flat(把某物压平)
【用法示例
She pressed the red button to call the elevator.(她按了红色按钮呼叫电梯。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Please don't _____ the flowers; they are easy to break.
A. press B. pull C. push D. pick
② The crowd _____ forward to see the famous star.
A. pressed B. walked C. ran D. jumped
③ The government has been _____ to take action to solve the environmental problem.
A. pressed B. asked C. told D. ordered
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① He _____ (press) the doorbell several times, but no one answered.
② The tailor _____ (press) the coat carefully to make it look neat.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 请按这个按钮启动机器。
Please _____ _____ _____ to start the machine.
② 她把脸靠在窗户上,看着外面的雨。
She _____ her face _____ the window and looked at the rain outside.
2. avoid v. 避免;防止
【搭配积累】avoid danger(避免危险)、avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)、avoid meeting sb.(避开见某人)、avoid mistakes(避免错误)
【用法示例
You should avoid eating too much sweet food to keep healthy.(为了保持健康,你应该避免吃太多甜食。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He tried his best to _____ making the same mistake again.
A. avoid B. keep C. stop D. prevent
② We should _____ going out alone at night in this area.
A. avoid B. allow C. suggest D. advise
③ She always _____ talking about her personal life with strangers.
A. avoids B. enjoys C. likes D. keeps
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① They decided to take a different route to _____ (avoid) the heavy traffic.
② He succeeded in _____ (avoid) the accident by braking in time.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 为了避免迟到,他每天早起。
He gets up early every day _____ _____ _____ late.
② 你应该避免在阳光下暴晒。
You should _____ _____ in the sun for a long time.
3. ache n.&v. 疼痛
【用法释义】作名词时,指身体某个部位持续的、轻微的疼痛,常与身体部位名词搭配;作动词时,意为 “(身体部位)疼痛”,同样常接身体部位名词。
【搭配积累】headache(头痛)、toothache(牙痛)、stomachache(胃痛)、ache all over(浑身疼痛)、My back aches.(我背痛。)
【用法示例
She has a terrible headache and needs to rest.(她头痛得厉害,需要休息。)
His legs ached after running a long distance.(跑了很长一段路后,他的腿疼。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① I have a _____ in my shoulder; I think I lifted something heavy yesterday.
A. ache B. pain C. hurt D. sore
② Her legs _____ after she climbed the mountain.
A. ached B. hurt C. pained D. harmed
③ He has been suffering from a _____ for three days.
A. headache B. head ache C. head-ache D. ache head
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① My eyes _____ (ache) because I have been looking at the computer screen for a long time.
② She woke up with a bad _____ (ache) in her neck.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我牙痛,所以今天要去看牙医。
I have a _____ , so I will go to see the dentist today.
② 长时间站立后,他的脚很痛。
His feet _____ after standing for a long time.
4. careless adj. 不小心的;粗心的
【搭配积累】careless mistake(粗心的错误)、careless driver(粗心的司机)、be careless with(对…… 粗心)、careless attitude(粗心的态度)
【用法示例
He made a careless mistake in the math exam because he didn't check his answers.(他在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误,因为他没有检查答案。)
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(1)单项选择
① The _____ worker forgot to turn off the machine before leaving.
A. careless B. careful C. careless D. carefully
② She is so _____ that she often loses her keys.
A. careless B. careful C. carefree D. caring
③ You should not be _____ with your personal information online.
A. careless B. careful C. worried D. concerned
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① His _____ (careless) led to the failure of the project.
② The little boy is too _____ (careless) to take care of his pet.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 因为粗心,他错过了这次重要的机会。
He missed this important chance _____ _____ his carelessness.
② 这个粗心的服务员把水洒在了顾客的衣服上。
The _____ waiter spilled water on the customer's clothes.
5. suffer v. 受苦;遭受
【用法释义】表示经历身体上的痛苦、精神上的折磨或遭受损失、困难等负面情况,可作及物动词,后接宾语;也可作不及物动词,常与 from 搭配,表示 “遭受(疾病、痛苦等)”。
【搭配积累】suffer from illness(患病)、suffer pain(遭受痛苦)、suffer loss(遭受损失)、suffer a lot(受很多苦)
【用法示例
Many people suffered from hunger during the war.(战争期间,很多人遭受饥饿之苦。)
The company suffered a great loss due to the economic crisis.(由于经济危机,这家公司遭受了巨大损失。)
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(1)单项选择
① She has been _____ from a rare disease for many years.
A. suffering B. standing C. bearing D. enduring
② The team _____ a heavy defeat in the final game.
A. suffered B. got C. received D. accepted
③ He _____ a lot when he was young, but now he lives a happy life.
A. suffered B. enjoyed C. experienced D. lived
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The people in the disaster area _____ (suffer) a lot, so we should try our best to help them.
② He _____ (suffer) from depression for a long time before he got treatment.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这个国家在洪水灾害中遭受了巨大的损失。
The country _____ _____ _____ _____ in the flood disaster.
② 他的祖父因心脏病受苦多年了。
His grandfather has been _____ _____ heart disease for many years.
6. test n.&v. 检查;测验
【搭配积累】math test(数学测验)、medical test(医学检查)、take a test(参加测验)、test sb. on sth.(就某事测验某人)、test the machine(检查机器)
【用法示例
We will have a chemistry test next Monday.(我们下周一有一场化学测验。)
The doctor tested his blood to find out the cause of his illness.(医生检查了他的血液,以找出他生病的原因。)
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(1)单项选择
① The students are busy preparing for the final _____ .
A. test B. exam C. quiz D. check
② The engineer _____ the new machine to make sure it works well.
A. tested B. tried C. examined D. checked
③ The teacher will _____ us on the new words we learned this week.
A. test B. ask C. tell D. teach
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She is nervous because she will take an important _____ (test) tomorrow.
② The workers _____ (test) the water quality of the river every month.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他需要做一个视力检查。
He needs to _____ _____ _____ _____ .
② 老师上周测验了我们关于英语语法的知识。
The teacher _____ _____ _____ English grammar last week.
7. stop from doing 防止…; 阻止……
【用法释义】表示采取措施使某人或某物不能做某事,从而避免某种结果的发生,其中 from 在主动语态中可省略,被动语态中不可省略。
【搭配积累】stop sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事)、stop sth. from happening(防止某事发生)
【用法示例
The rain stopped us from going out for a walk.(下雨阻止了我们出去散步。)
We must take measures to stop the river from being polluted.(我们必须采取措施防止河流被污染。)
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(1)单项选择
① Nothing can _____ him from pursuing his dream.
A. stop B. keep C. prevent D. hold
② The police _____ the crowd from rushing into the building.
A. stopped B. allowed C. let D. helped
③ We should plant more trees to _____ the soil from being washed away.
A. stop B. make C. have D. get
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The heavy snow stopped the children from _____ (play) outside.
② She tried her best to stop her son from _____ (smoke), but failed.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 父母应该阻止孩子长时间玩电脑游戏。
Parents should _____ their children _____ _____ computer games for a long time.
② 政府采取了行动,防止这种疾病传播。
The government took action to _____ the disease _____ _____ .
8. description n. 描写;形容
【搭配积累】detailed description(详细的描写)、give a description of(对…… 进行描写)、beyond description(难以形容)、description of sth.(对某物的描写)
【用法示例
The tour guide gave a vivid description of the ancient city.(导游对这座古城进行了生动的描写。)
The beauty of the sunset is beyond description.(日落的美难以形容。)
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(1)单项选择
① Can you give me a _____ of the man who stole your bag?
A. description B. picture C. drawing D. photo
② Her _____ of the accident helped the police find the cause.
A. description B. explanation C. introduction D. instruction
③ The scenery here is so beautiful that it is beyond _____ .
A. description B. words C. reach D. imagination
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The book gives a detailed _____ (describe) of the author's childhood.
② He made a clear _____ (describe) of his plan to the team members.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这位作家对乡村生活的描写很感人。
The writer's _____ _____ rural life is very moving.
② 请你对这个新产品进行一下描述好吗?
Could you please _____ _____ _____ _____ this new product?
9. patient n. 病人;adj. 有耐心的
【用法释义】作名词时,指接受医生治疗或在医院里看病的人;作形容词时,指人在等待、处理事情或对待他人时,能够保持冷静,不急躁,愿意花费时间。
【搭配积累】hospital patient(住院病人)、patient doctor(有耐心的医生)、be patient with(对…… 有耐心)、be patient of(容忍……)
【用法示例
The doctor is talking to a patient about his treatment plan.(医生正在和一位病人谈论他的治疗方案。)
She is very patient with her students, especially the slow learners.(她对学生很有耐心,尤其是对学习进度慢的学生。)
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(1)单项选择
① The nurse takes good care of every _____ in the ward.
A. patient B. people C. person D. man
② You need to be _____ when teaching young children; they learn slowly.
A. patient B. angry C. happy D. sad
③ The doctor is always _____ with his patients and answers all their questions.
A. patient B. busy C. strict D. kind
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The _____ (patient) in this room are all waiting for the doctor.
② She has to be _____ (patient) because her little sister is very naughty.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这位护士对病人非常友好和有耐心。
The nurse is very kind and _____ _____ the patients.
② 医院里有很多病人在等待检查。
There are many _____ _____ for the examination in the hospital.
10. injury n. 伤害;损伤
【用法释义】指身体受到的伤害,通常是由于事故、暴力、运动等原因造成的,可指轻微的擦伤,也可指严重的创伤,是可数名词。
【搭配积累】serious injury(严重的伤害)、head injury(头部损伤)、suffer an injury(受伤)、injury to sth.(对某物的损伤)
【用法示例
He received a slight injury in the car accident, but it's not serious.(他在车祸中受了轻伤,但不严重。);The athlete had to give up the competition because of a knee injury.(这位运动员因为膝盖受伤不得不放弃比赛。)
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(1)单项选择
① He suffered a _____ injury in the football match and had to be sent to the hospital.
A. serious B. slight C. small D. light
② The doctor said that his _____ to the back would take a long time to heal.
A. injury B. hurt C. pain D. ache
③ She got an _____ when she fell off her bike.
A. injury B. illness C. disease D. fever
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The number of people with sports _____ (injury) is increasing every year.
② He had an _____ (injury) on his arm, which was caused by a knife.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他在工作中受了重伤,现在还在医院。
He _____ _____ _____ _____ at work and is still in the hospital now.
② 这次事故造成了多人受伤。
The accident caused _____ _____ _____ .
11. clear adj. 清晰的;清楚的;v. 清理
【用法释义】作形容词时,可指声音、图像、表达等 “清晰的、清楚的”,也可指天气 “晴朗的”、视线 “无遮挡的”;作动词时,意为 “清理(某物)”“清除(障碍、垃圾等)”。
【搭配积累】clear voice(清晰的声音)、clear explanation(清楚的解释)、clear the table(清理桌子)、clear up(清理;放晴)、clear away(清除)
【用法示例
Her explanation is very clear, so everyone can understand it.(她的解释非常清楚,所以每个人都能理解。)
He spent an hour clearing the snow in front of his house.(他花了一个小时清理家门口的雪。)
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(1)单项选择
① The sky is _____ today; let's go for a picnic.
A. clear B. cloudy C. rainy D. snowy
② Can you give a _____ answer to my question? I don't understand what you mean.
A. clear B. difficult C. easy D. hard
③ She _____ the desk and put all the books into the bag.
A. cleared B. cleaned C. washed D. brushed
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The water in the lake is so _____ (clear) that we can see the fish at the bottom.
② They are busy _____ (clear) the broken glass on the floor.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 请清理一下你的房间,太乱了。
Please _____ _____ your room; it's too messy.
② 他的发音很清晰,我们都能听懂他说的话。
His pronunciation is _____ _____ , and we can all understand what he says.
12. pain n. 疼痛;痛苦
【用法释义】可指身体上的 “疼痛”,是不可数名词,也可指精神上的 “痛苦、苦恼”,既可数也不可数,常与介词 in 搭配表示身体部位的疼痛。
【搭配积累】physical pain(身体上的疼痛)、mental pain(精神上的痛苦)、in pain(疼痛;在痛苦中)、pain in the stomach(胃痛)、relieve pain(缓解疼痛)
【用法示例
She cried out in pain when she fell down the stairs.(她从楼梯上摔下来时,疼得大叫。)
The loss of his family brought him great pain.(失去家人给他带来了巨大的痛苦。)
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(1)单项选择
① He is in great _____ because his leg was broken in the accident.
A. pain B. ache C. hurt D. sore
② The medicine can help relieve the _____ in your back.
A. pain B. ache C. hurt D. injury
③ The death of her pet dog caused her a lot of _____ .
A. pain B. happiness C. joy D. pleasure
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She couldn't sleep because of the _____ (pain) in her head.
② His _____ (pain) experience taught him a valuable lesson.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他的胃痛很严重,需要立即看医生。
The _____ _____ his stomach is very serious, and he needs to see a doctor immediately.
② 看到孩子受苦,父母感到很痛苦。
The parents felt great _____ when they saw their child suffering.
13. what's more 更有甚者;更为重要的是
【用法释义】用于补充说明或强调更重要、更进一层的情况,通常放在句首或句中,起到递进的作用,使前后内容的逻辑关系更清晰。
【搭配积累】常用于句子开头,引出进一步的信息,如 “What's more, he is good at playing the piano.”(更重要的是,他还擅长弹钢琴。)
【用法示例
This house is large and comfortable. What's more, it is in a good location.(这所房子又大又舒适。更重要的是,它的位置很好。)
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(1)单项选择
① He is not only hard-working, _____ , he is very helpful to others.
A. what's more B. however C. but also D. therefore
② This new phone is cheap. _____ , it has many useful functions.
A. What's more B. On the other hand C. In contrast D. For example
③ She can speak English fluently. _____ , she can also speak French and German.
A. What's more B. That is C. In other words D. Namely
(2)单句填空(用所给短语适当形式填空)
① He is a good student. He studies hard. _____ (what's more), he is always ready to help his classmates.
② This restaurant has delicious food. _____ (what's more), the service is very good.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这家商店的商品质量好。更重要的是,价格很合理。
The goods in this shop are of good quality. _____ _____ , the prices are very reasonable.
② 他不仅会打篮球,更有甚者,他还打得很好。
He can not only play basketball, _____ _____ _____ , he plays it very well.
14. cross v. 穿越;横过;交叉
【搭配积累】cross the road(过马路)、cross the river(过河)、cross out(划掉)、cross one's arms(交叉双臂)、cross each other(互相交叉)
【用法示例
You must look both ways before crossing the road.(过马路前你必须左右看。);The two rivers cross each other in the center of the city.(这两条河在市中心互相交叉。)
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(1)单项选择
① Don't _____ the street when the traffic light is red.
A. cross B. walk C. run D. go
② The two roads _____ at the square, making it easy to get to different places.
A. cross B. meet C. join D. connect
③ She _____ out the wrong answer and wrote the correct one.
A. crossed B. put C. took D. gave
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① He _____ (cross) the bridge every morning to go to work.
② The teacher _____ (cross) her arms and looked at the students seriously.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我们需要乘船过河。
We need to _____ _____ _____ by boat.
② 请在过马路时小心来往的车辆。
Please be careful of the passing cars when you _____ _____ _____ .
15. burn v.(burnt, burnt) 燃烧;着火
【搭配积累】burn wood(烧木头)、burn down(烧毁,尤指建筑物)、burn up(烧毁;烧尽)、be burnt(被烧毁)、burn with anger(怒火中烧)
【用法示例
The fire burnt the old house to the ground.(大火把那座老房子烧成了平地。);Dry leaves burn easily in autumn.(秋天的干树叶很容易燃烧。)
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(1)单项选择
① The building _____ down in the big fire last night.
A. burnt B. burned C. was burnt D. was burned
② Don't touch the pan; it's _____ and you may get hurt.
A. burning B. burnt C. burn D. burns
③ The candles _____ for three hours before we blew them out.
A. had been burning B. were burning C. burned D. had burnt
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The forest fire _____ (burn) for a week before it was put out.
② He _____ (burn) his hand when he was cooking yesterday.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 那场大火烧毁了很多树木。
The big fire _____ _____ many trees.
② 木头在火中燃烧,发出温暖的光。
The wood _____ _____ the fire and gave out warm light.
16. panic n. 惊恐;恐慌
【搭配积累】in panic(恐慌地)、cause panic(引起恐慌)、spread panic(传播恐慌)、a wave of panic(一阵恐慌)
【用法示例
When the earthquake happened, people ran out of the building in panic.(地震发生时,人们恐慌地跑出了大楼。)
The news of the virus spread quickly and caused a lot of panic among the public.(病毒的消息迅速传播,在公众中引起了很大的恐慌。)
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(1)单项选择
① The sudden explosion caused a lot of _____ among the crowd.
A. panic B. fear C. worry D. anxiety
② People rushed to the supermarket to buy food in _____ when they heard the bad news.
A. panic B. hurry C. excitement D. sadness
③ The government took measures to prevent the _____ from spreading.
A. panic B. disease C. news D. information
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① There was a sense of _____ (panic) in the air when the fire alarm went off.
② The teacher tried to calm the students' _____ (panic) when the power went out.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 听到这个可怕的消息,她陷入了恐慌。
She fell into _____ _____ when she heard the terrible news.
② 政府发布了官方声明,以消除公众的恐慌。
The government issued an official statement to end the public's _____ .
17. throw v.(threw, thrown) 猛动身体 (部位); 扔;抛
【搭配积累】throw a ball(扔球)、throw away(扔掉;丢弃)、throw up(呕吐;举起)、throw oneself into(投身于)、throw sth. at sb.(朝某人扔某物)
【用法示例
He threw the frisbee to his friend in the park.(他在公园里把飞盘扔给了朋友。)
She threw her arms around her mother when she saw her.(看到妈妈时,她猛地伸出双臂抱住了她。)
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(1)单项选择
① Don't _____ stones into the river; it's dangerous for the fish.
A. throw B. drop C. put D. take
② He _____ his coat on the sofa and went straight to the kitchen.
A. threw B. laid C. placed D. hung
③ The angry man _____ a glass at the wall, breaking it into pieces.
A. threw B. hit C. pushed D. knocked
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She _____ (throw) away the old newspapers yesterday because they took up too much space.
② The athlete _____ (throw) the javelin farther than anyone else in the competition.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他把书包扔在椅子上,然后开始写作业。
He _____ his schoolbag _____ the chair and then started doing his homework.
② 不要乱扔垃圾,保持环境整洁。
Don't _____ _____ _____ ; keep the environment clean and tidy.
18. quick adj. 快的;迅速的;adv. 迅速地;快速地
【搭配积累】quick reaction(快速反应)、quick breakfast(简便的早餐)、run quick(跑得快,口语)、make a quick decision(快速做决定)、be quick to do sth.(迅速做某事)
【用法示例
She has a quick mind and can solve problems easily.(她思维敏捷,能轻松解决问题。)
He ran quick to catch the last bus.(他快速跑去赶末班车。)(正式语境:He ran quickly to catch the last bus.)
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(1)单项选择
① You need to make a _____ decision because we don't have much time left.
A. quick B. fast C. rapid D. swift
② She is _____ to learn new things; she mastered the skill in a week.
A. quick B. slow C. happy D. eager
③ He finished his homework _____ and went out to play.
A. quick B. quickly C. slow D. slowly
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The company needs to make a _____ (quick) response to the market changes.
② She typed _____ (quick) to finish the report before the deadline.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他有一双快手,能很快地完成手工活。
He has _____ _____ _____ and can finish handwork very fast.
② 听到闹钟响,她迅速起床。
She got up _____ when she heard the alarm clock ring.
19. be about to 即将;正要 (做某事)
【用法释义】表示动作即将发生,强调 “马上就要做某事”,通常不与表示将来的时间状语(如 tomorrow、next week)连用,常与 when 引导的时间状语从句连用,构成 “be about to do sth. when...”(正要做某事,这时……)的结构。
【搭配积累】be about to leave(即将离开)、be about to start(正要开始)、be about to speak(正要说话)、be about to rain(快要下雨了)
【用法示例
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(我正要上床睡觉,这时电话响了。)
The meeting is about to begin, so let's go to the meeting room.(会议即将开始,我们去会议室吧。)
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(1)单项选择
① She _____ about to go out when her friend came to visit her.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
② The train _____ about to leave; we need to hurry up.
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
③ He _____ about to tell me the secret when someone interrupted him.
A. was B. is C. will be D. had been
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① I _____ (be) about to finish my homework when the power went out.
② They _____ (be) about to have dinner when the doorbell rang.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我正要打开电视,这时妈妈让我去帮忙。
I _____ _____ _____ turn on the TV when my mother asked me to help her.
② 这场比赛即将开始,观众们都很兴奋。
The match _____ _____ _____ begin, and the audience are all excited.
20. aid n.&v. 帮助;援助
【用法释义】作名词时,指给予有困难的人或地区的支持、帮助,可指物质援助或精神支持;作动词时,意为 “帮助;援助”,较正式,常与 in 搭配,表示 “在…… 方面帮助”。
【搭配积累】medical aid(医疗援助)、give aid to(给予…… 帮助)、aid sb. in sth.(在某事上帮助某人)、first aid(急救)、financial aid(经济援助)
【用法示例
The government provided aid to the people affected by the flood.(政府向受洪水影响的人们提供了援助。)
She aided her mother in preparing dinner.(她帮妈妈准备晚餐。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The Red Cross sent _____ to the disaster area to help the victims.
A. aid B. help C. support D. assistance
② He _____ his friend in solving the math problem.
A. aided B. helped C. assisted D. supported
③ You should learn some _____ skills in case of an emergency.
A. first aid B. medical C. rescue D. safety
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The organization has provided _____ (aid) to thousands of poor children.
② She _____ (aid) the old man to cross the road yesterday.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这个国家向其他国家提供了经济援助。
This country has provided _____ _____ to other countries.
② 他在学习上帮助我,我很感激他。
He _____ _____ _____ my study, and I am very grateful to him.
21. safety n. 安全;安全处所
【搭配积累】safety first(安全第一)、personal safety(人身安全)、ensure safety(确保安全)、safety measures(安全措施)、seek safety(寻求安全处所)
【用法示例
Parents always care about their children's safety when they go out.(孩子出门时,父母总是关心他们的安全。)
We ran to the basement as a safety during the storm.(暴风雨时,我们跑到地下室作为安全处所。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① We must follow the _____ rules to avoid accidents in the factory.
A. safety B. safe C. dangerous D. danger
② The government has taken measures to ensure the _____ of the people during the festival.
A. safety B. safe C. security D. secure
③ She hid in the closet to seek _____ from the storm.
A. safety B. safe C. danger D. dangerous
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① For your _____ (safe), please wear a seatbelt when driving.
② The school has improved its _____ (safety) measures to protect the students.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 我们应该始终把安全放在第一位。
We should always put _____ _____ first.
② 在山区徒步旅行时,要注意自己的安全。
When hiking in the mountains, you should pay attention to your own _____ .
22. unfortunately adv. 不幸地;可惜地
【用法释义】用于引出不好的、令人遗憾的情况,相当于 unluckily,常位于句首、句中或句末,修饰整个句子或某个动作。
【搭配积累】unfortunately for sb.(对某人来说不幸的是)、unfortunately enough(足够不幸地)
【用法示例
Unfortunately, I missed the last bus and had to walk home.(不幸的是,我错过了末班车,不得不走路回家。)
She worked very hard, but unfortunately, she didn't pass the exam.(她学习很努力,但可惜的是,她没有通过考试。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① _____ , the concert was canceled because of the bad weather.
A. Unfortunately B. Luckily C. Happily D. Fortunately
② He wanted to go to the party, but _____ , he had to stay at home to look after his sick mother.
A. unfortunately B. luckily C. happily D. fortunately
③ _____ for him, he lost his wallet on the way to work.
A. Unfortunately B. Lucky C. Unlucky D. Fortunately
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① _____ (fortunate), the little girl was saved by the firefighters in time.
② He is a good player, but _____ (fortunate), he was injured before the game.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 不幸的是,他在事故中伤了腿,不能参加比赛了。
_____ , he hurt his leg in the accident and couldn't take part in the competition.
② 她很想参观那个博物馆,但可惜的是,博物馆当天闭馆了。
She really wanted to visit that museum, but _____ , the museum was closed that day.
23. badly adv.(worse, worst) 严重地
【用法释义】主要表示 “严重地”,可修饰受伤、受损的程度,也可表示 “非常;很”(相当于 very),还可表示 “差地;糟糕地”,比较级为 worse,最高级为 worst。
【搭配积累】hurt badly(伤得严重)、need help badly(非常需要帮助)、do badly in(在…… 方面做得差)、be badly damaged(受损严重)
【用法示例
He was badly injured in the car accident and had to stay in hospital for a month.(他在车祸中伤得很严重,不得不住院一个月。)
She wants to go to college badly.(她非常想上大学。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The house was _____ damaged in the earthquake; it can't be repaired.
A. badly B. slightly C. hardly D. nearly
② He did _____ in the English exam and needs to study harder.
A. badly B. well C. good D. bad
③ The homeless people need food and water _____ .
A. badly B. well C. good D. bad
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The old man's leg was _____ (bad) hurt when he fell down the stairs.
② She did _____ (bad) in the speech competition than last time.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 这场暴风雨严重破坏了当地的农田。
The storm _____ _____ the local farmland _____ .
② 他非常想得到这份工作,所以准备得很充分。
He wants to get this job _____ , so he prepared very well.
24. harm n.&v. 伤害;损害
【用法释义】作名词时,指对人或事物造成的身体伤害或抽象损害(如名誉、利益等);作动词时,意为 “伤害;损害”,语气较温和,常与 to 搭配。
【搭配积累】do harm to(对…… 造成伤害)、cause harm(造成伤害)、harm sb.'s health(损害某人的健康)、no harm done(没造成伤害,口语)
【用法示例
Smoking does great harm to our lungs.(吸烟对我们的肺造成很大伤害。)
The bad reviews didn't harm the singer's popularity.(负面评论没有损害这位歌手的人气。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Playing computer games for a long time can _____ harm to your eyes.
A. do B. make C. take D. give
② The chemical waste from the factory has _____ harm to the river.
A. caused B. done C. made D. taken
③ There is no _____ in trying this new method; it might work.
A. harm B. hurt C. pain D. injury
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① It is important to protect children from _____ (harm) environments.
② The loud noise may _____ (harm) your hearing if you are exposed to it for a long time.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 过量饮酒会损害你的肝脏。
Drinking too much alcohol can _____ _____ _____ your liver.
② 这种药不会对身体造成伤害,但需要按剂量服用。
This medicine won't _____ _____ _____ your body, but you need to take it according to the dosage.
25. painful adj.(身体部位) 疼痛的;令人痛苦的
【搭配积累】painful knee(疼痛的膝盖)、painful experience(痛苦的经历)、painful memory(痛苦的回忆)、be painful to do sth.(做某事很痛苦)
【用法示例
Her ankle was painful after she twisted it during the run.(她跑步时扭伤了脚踝,之后脚踝很疼。)
It was a painful decision for her to leave her hometown.(离开家乡对她来说是一个痛苦的决定。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① She has a _____ shoulder because she carried a heavy bag yesterday.
A. painful B. pain C. hurt D. sore
② The death of her grandmother was a _____ experience for her.
A. painful B. happy C. joyful D. exciting
③ It is _____ to walk after my leg was injured.
A. painful B. painless C. easy D. comfortable
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The _____ (pain) wound made it difficult for him to move.
② She found it _____ (pain) to talk about her past failures.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 他的牙痛很严重,连吃饭都很痛苦。
His toothache is very serious, and even eating is _____ .
② 那次失败对他来说是一次痛苦的教训。
That failure was a _____ _____ for him.
26. lie v.(lay, lain) 平躺;平放
【用法释义】表示身体 “平躺” 或物体 “平放”,不表示 “说谎”(“说谎” 的 lie 过去式为 lied,过去分词为 lied),此处 lie 的过去式为 lay,过去分词为 lain,常与介词 in、on 搭配。
【搭配积累】lie on the bed(躺在床上)、lie in the sun(躺在阳光下)、lie flat(平躺)、lie on the table(平放在桌子上)
【用法示例
She lay on the sofa and watched TV for a while.(她躺在沙发上看了一会儿电视。)
The book has lain on the desk since last week.(这本书自上周起就一直放在桌子上。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① He _____ on the grass and looked up at the stars.
A. lay B. lied C. laid D. lain
② The letter has _____ on the desk for two days; you should read it.
A. lain B. lay C. lied D. laid
③ She likes to _____ in bed and listen to music on weekends.
A. lie B. lay C. lied D. laid
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① He _____ (lie) on the floor because he was too tired to stand up.
② The newspaper has _____ (lie) on the chair since this morning.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 手术后,他需要平躺休息。
After the operation, he needs to _____ _____ and rest.
② 那块布平放在桌子上,等待被裁剪。
That piece of cloth _____ _____ on the table, waiting to be cut.
27. harmful adj. 有害的
【搭配积累】harmful chemicals(有害化学物质)、be harmful to health(对健康有害)、harmful effects(有害影响)、harmful habits(有害习惯)
【用法示例
Eating too much junk food is harmful to our health.(吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。)
The harmful gases from cars pollute the air.(汽车排放的有害气体污染空气。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Smoking is _____ to your lungs and can cause serious diseases.
A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. harmless
② We should avoid using _____ products that are bad for the environment.
A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. harmless
③ The _____ effects of alcohol on the brain are well-known.
A. harmful B. helpful C. useful D. harmless
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① It is important to keep children away from _____ (harm) substances.
② The new study shows that this kind of plastic is _____ (harm) to marine life.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 长时间看手机对眼睛有害。
Looking at mobile phones for a long time is _____ _____ your eyes.
② 这种植物释放的物质对昆虫是有害的。
The substance released by this plant is _____ _____ insects.
28. hit v.(hit,hit) 碰撞;击;打;n. 打;击;击中
【搭配积累】hit sb. on the head(打某人的头)、hit a ball(击球)、hit a wall(撞墙)、a hit on the face(打在脸上)、a home run hit(本垒打)
【用法示例
The boy hit the ball over the fence.(男孩把球击过了栅栏。)
She got a hit on the arm when she tried to stop the fight.(她试图阻止打斗时,胳膊被打了一下。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The car _____ a tree on the side of the road because the driver was sleepy.
A. hit B. crashed C. knocked D. bumped
② He _____ the tennis ball with great force, and it landed outside the court.
A. hit B. beat C. struck D. slapped
③ She received a hard _____ on the back and felt a sharp pain.
A. hit B. beat C. strike D. blow
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The storm _____ (hit) the coastal city last night, causing heavy rain and strong winds.
② He _____ (hit) the nail into the wall with a hammer.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 那个篮球运动员用力击球,球进了。
The basketball player _____ _____ _____ with great force, and the ball went into the basket.
② 他不小心撞到了门上,额头肿了起来。
He accidentally _____ _____ _____ , and his forehead swelled up.
29. shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;v. 使震惊;使惊愕
【搭配积累】in shock(处于震惊中)、a great shock(巨大的震惊)、shock sb. by sth.(因某事使某人震惊)、be shocked at(对…… 感到震惊)
【用法示例
The news of his death gave us a great shock.(他去世的消息给了我们巨大的震惊。)
I was shocked by her rude behavior.(她粗鲁的行为让我很震惊。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① Everyone was in _____ when they heard the terrible accident.
A. shock B. surprise C. excitement D. happiness
② Her decision to quit the job _____ all her colleagues.
A. shocked B. surprised C. excited D. pleased
③ The film tells a _____ story that makes people think about social problems.
A. shocking B. shocking C. surprised D. excited
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① The _____ (shock) news made her cry for a long time.
② We were _____ (shock) to hear that our favorite teacher was leaving.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 听到这个令人震惊的消息,他说不出话来。
He couldn't speak when he heard this _____ _____ .
② 她的勇敢行为让所有人都很震惊。
Her brave act _____ _____ _____ .
30. tight adj. 疼痛的;憋气的;紧的;牢固的
【搭配积累】tight shoes(紧鞋)、hold tight(抓紧)、tight chest(憋气的胸口)、tight schedule(紧张的日程)、tight knot(牢固的结)
【用法示例
These shoes are too tight; my feet hurt.(这双鞋太紧了,我的脚很疼。)
She held tight to her mother's hand in the crowded street.(在拥挤的街上,她紧紧抓住妈妈的手。)
巩|固|练|习
(1)单项选择
① The rope was tied in a _____ knot, so it didn't come loose.
A. tight B. loose C. big D. small
② Her chest felt _____ after running up the stairs quickly.
A. tight B. comfortable C. relaxed D. loose
③ He wore a _____ shirt that made him feel uncomfortable.
A. tight B. loose C. big D. small
(2)单句填空(用所给单词适当形式填空)
① She pulled the door _____ (tight) to keep the cold air out.
② His legs felt _____ (tight) after sitting for hours without moving.
(3)根据汉语提示完成句子
① 你应该系紧安全带,确保安全。
You should fasten your seatbelt _____ _____ to ensure safety.
② 长时间工作后,他的肩膀又酸又紧。
After working for a long time, his shoulders were sore and _____ .
◇Part 03 词汇强化训练
提|升|练|习
单项选择
1. We enjoyed ______ at the picnic last weekend because the food and games were great.
A.ourselves B.themselves C.himself D.herself
2. My throat is ______, so I can't speak loudly in class.
A.happy B.sore C.clear D.bright
3. If you eat too much cold food, you may get a ______.
A.headache B.toothache C.stomachache D.backache
4. You have a bad toothache, so you should go to see a ______ as soon as possible.
A.doctor B.dentist C.teacher D.farmer
5. The nurse is ______ my temperature to see if I have a ______.
A.taking; fever B.giving; cold C.making; flu D.doing; illness
6. We should ______ eating too much junk food to keep healthy.
A.enjoy B.avoid C.practice D.finish
7. He has a bad ______ because he caught a cold yesterday.
A.cough B.nosebleed C.injury D.shock
8. She ______ a bad headache for three days, so she went to the hospital.
A.suffered from B.looked for C.waited for D.asked for
9. The doctor gave me some ______ to take after meals.
A.fruit B.medicine C.water D.bread
10. We need to wear a ______ when we go out during the flu season to stop the virus.
A.hat B.mask C.glove D.scarf
11. The ______ can spread easily from person to person, so we should wash hands often.
A.flower B.virus C.book D.pen
12. We must ______ children from playing with fire.
A.stop B.let C.make D.help
13. The ______ in the hospital are very kind to all the ______.
A.doctors; patients B.teachers; students C.farmers; workers D.parents; kids
14. He got a small ______ on his arm when he fell off his bike.
A.illness B.injury C.fever D.cough
15. Her ______ made her stay at home for a week.
A.happiness B.illness C.kindness D.darkness
16. There are two ______ on the table. Be careful not to cut your fingers.
A.knifes B.knives C.knife D.knive
17. I felt a sharp ______ in my leg after running for a long time.
A.pain B.pleasure C.joy D.fun
18. We should learn some ______ skills to help people in danger.
A.first aid B.music C.art D.sports
19. Our teachers always tell us to pay attention to ______ when we cross the road.
A.safety B.beauty C.health D.study
20. The hot water ______ my hand accidentally. I need to put some cold water on it.
A.burnt B.bought C.brought D.built
21. When the building is ______, we should not use the lift.
A.on time B.on fire C.on duty D.on sale
22. Don't ______ when you face danger. Keep calm and ask for help.
A.panic B.laugh C.cry D.sleep
23. He ______ the ball to his friend, but his friend didn't catch it.
A.threw B.thought C.thanked D.taught
24. The baby likes to ______ on the floor and laugh happily.
A.roll B.jump C.walk D.run
25. We need to give ______ to the old man who fell down on the street.
A.aid B.food C.money D.books
26. Smoking is ______ to your health. You'd better give it up.
A.helpful B.harmful C.careful D.useful
27. If you feel tired, you should ______ and have a rest.
A.lie down B.stand up C.sit down D.jump up
28. His nose ______ when he fell off the chair. He needs some paper.
A.bled B.broke C.breathed D.bowed
29. The doctor will ______ your body carefully to find out what's wrong.
A.check B.change C.choose D.close
30. She is ______ to peanuts, so she can't eat any food with peanuts.
A.allergic B.angry C.afraid D.ready
31. ______, I will study harder and not be careless in my exams.
A.From now on B.In the past C.At first D.All the time
32. He failed the math test because he was too ______ and made many mistakes.
A.careful B.careless C.patient D.nervous
33. My little sister has a ______ nose because of the cold.She needs a lot of tissues.
A.dry B.runny C.clear D.tight
34. His knee is ______ after he fell off his skateboard.It looks purple.
A.bruised B.painful C.clear D.bright
35. Many students didn't come to school because they caught the ______.
A.flu B.fever C.cough D.stomach
36. We should protect the ______ by planting more trees and reducing pollution.
A.brightness B.environment C.safety D.illness
37. You must wait for the green light before you ______ the road.
A.cross B.run C.fly D.swim
38. Dry leaves can ______ easily in summer. Don't throw cigarette butts near them.
A.catch fire B.take place C.get up D.turn on
39. My mother is cooking dinner on the ______ in the kitchen.
A.stove B.desk C.chair D.bed
40. After the accident, his leg was so ______ that he couldn't walk.
A.painful B.happy C.excited D.relaxed
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