专题02 必修二 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 重难知识综合复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语译林版

专题02 必修二 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy (必修二) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 重点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 routine, breathe, replace, satisfaction, inspire, explore, announce, admit, average, lack, update, master, diagram, philosophy, hesitate, maintain, prevent, equipment, stretch, congratulation, assume, exist, champion, gymnastics, movement, throughout 必备短语 over the long term, do wonders, stick with, make up for, put finishing touches to, in response to, under the weather, no wonder, be rooted in, sign up for, work one’s way to, draw inspiration from, on the one hand…, on the other hand… be updated with, catch one’s imagination 疑难长句 1. Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? (教材 p 16） 2. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. (教材 p 17） 3. Do not eat immediately after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. (教材 p 17） 阅读微技能 写作目的 语法与修辞 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. n. 常规, 惯例. adj. 常规的, 例行的乏味的 2. vi. & vt. 呼吸; 呼出 3. vt. 用⋯⋯替换; 代替, 取代; 更换, 更新 4. n. 满意; 满足, 达到 5. vt. 激励, 鼓舞; 启发思考; 使产生 (感觉或情感) 6. vt. & vi 探究, 探索; 勘探, 勘察 explore 7. vt. 宣布, 宣告; 通知 8. vt. & vi. 承认; 招认; 准许进入; 准许加入 9. n. 平均水平, 一般水准. adj. 平均的; 典型的 10. n. 缺乏, 匮乏, 短缺. vt. & vi. 没有, 缺乏, 不足, 短缺 11. vt. 使现代化, 更新; 向…提供最新信息. n. 最新消息 update 12. n. 大师, 能手; 主人. vt. 精通, 掌握; 控制 13. n. 简图, 图解, 图表, 示意图 14. n. 哲学 15. vi. 犹豫, 迟疑 16. vt. 维持; 维修, 保养 17. vt. 阻止, 阻碍 18. n. 设备; 配备, 装备 19. vt. & vi. 伸展, 舒展; 拉长; 伸出; (使)延伸 20. n. 祝贺, 恭喜; 贺辞; 恭贺 21. vt. 假定, 认为; 承担(责任), 就(职); 呈现, 显露 22. vi. 存在; 生活, 生存 23. n. 冠军, 第一名 24. n. 体操, 体操训练 25. n. 活动, 转动; 移动; 运动 26. prep. 自始至终; 各处, 遍及 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. To improve efficiency, the manager introduced a new daily ________ for all employees, which included a morning meeting and progress report. 2. In yoga class, the instructor reminded us to deeply ________ in through the nose and out through the mouth to relax. 3. The old machinery was becoming unsafe, so the factory decided to ________ it with newer, automated models. 4. Seeing her students’ progress filled the teacher with a deep sense of ________. 5. The scientist’s groundbreaking discovery has ________ a new generation of researchers to pursue similar studies. 6. The team plans to ________ the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics next year. 7. The city council will ________ the winner of the environmental award at a ceremony next Friday. 8. The student had to ________ that he hadn’t completed the assignment on time and ask for an extension. 9. The ________ rainfall in this region is about 800 millimeters per year, but it has been much lower recently. 10. The project’s main challenge is a ________ of funding, which makes it difficult to purchase necessary materials. 11. Please remember to ________ the software regularly to ensure it has the latest security features. 12. It takes years of practice to ________ a complex skill like playing a musical instrument. 13. The teacher drew a ________ on the board to show how the different parts of the engine worked together. 14. He decided to study p________ at university because he was deeply interested in questions about life and knowledge. 15. Don’t ________ to contact me if you need any help or have further questions about the project. 16. It’s crucial to ________ your car regularly, including checking the oil and tire pressure, to ensure safe driving. 17. Wearing sunscreen can effectively ________ your skin from being damaged by the sun’s harmful UV rays. 18. The laboratory just received a shipment of new scientific ________, which will greatly aid our research. 19. It’s a good habit to ________ your arms and legs for a few minutes before starting any intense physical exercise. 20. Please accept my sincere ________ on your promotion to department head. You truly deserve it. 21. For the sake of argument, let’s ________ that the proposal is accepted; what would be our next step? 22. Some scientists believe that intelligent life might ________ on other planets in distant galaxies. 23. After years of intense training and competition, she finally became the world ________ in her weightlifting category. 24. ________ requires not only strength and flexibility but also great discipline and control over one’s body. 25. The security camera detected ________ near the back door late at night, so the guards went to investigate. 26. The news quickly spread ________ the small town, and soon everyone was talking about the upcoming festival. 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 A Champion’s Heart Every morning, Mia followed the same _________ : warm-up, _________, and practice. As a _________ _________, she knew she must _________ her strength and perfect every _________. One day, her coach _________ she needed to _________ some old _________. Mia felt a _________ of progress and began to _________ in her training. Her coach showed her a _________ and said, “Don’t _________ limits _________. _________ new ways.” His words _________ her. She decided to _________ her training _________: focus on joy, not just the _________ score. She learned to _________ deeply to _________ anxiety. _________ the process, she had to _________ her fears but worked hard to _________ her mind. At the next competition, Mia performed beautifully. _________, she felt true _________. After winning, she received many _________. She finally understood: a real champion wins _________ the journey, not just at the end. 冠军之心 每天早晨，米娅都遵循同样的惯例：热身、伸展和练习。作为一名体操冠军，她知道自己必须保持力量并完善每一个动作。一天，教练宣布需要更换一些旧设备。米娅感到缺乏进步，训练开始犹豫。 教练给她看了一张示意图，并说：“不要假设极限存在。探索新方法。” 他的话鼓舞了她。她决定更新自己的训练哲学：专注于快乐，而不仅仅是平均分。她学会深呼吸以防止焦虑。在整个过程中，她不得不承认自己的恐惧，但努力掌握自己的心态。 在下一次比赛中，米娅表现精彩。而且，她感到了真正的满足。获胜后，她收到了许多祝贺。她终于明白：真正的冠军赢得的是整个旅程，而不仅仅是终点。 四、词性转化练习 1. congratulation n. 祝贺；→ _____________ vt. 祝贺 2. assume vt. 假定；承担；→ _____________ n. 假定；承担 3. movement n. 活动；移动；→ _________ v. 移动；感动；→ __________ adj. 可移动的 4. injury n. 伤害；→ _____________ vt. 伤害；→ _____________ adj. 受伤的 5. prevent vt. 阻止；预防；→ _____________ n. 预防；→ _____________ adj. 预防的 6. announce vt. 宣布；→ _____________ n. 公告；→ _____________ n. 播音员 7. champion n. 冠军 / v. 支持；→ _____________ n. 锦标赛 8. hesitate vi. 犹豫；→ _____________ n. 犹豫；→ _____________ adj. 犹豫的 9. inspire vt. 激励；启发；→ _____________ n. 灵感；→ _____________ adj. 鼓舞人心的；→ _____________ adj. 受启发的 10. explore v. 探索；勘探；→ _____________ n. 探索；→ _____________ n. 探险家 11. satisfaction n. 满意；→ _____________ vt. 使满意；达到；→ _____________ adj. 令人满意的 12. admit v. 承认；准许进入；→ _____________ n. 承认；入场费 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. On hearing the news of his promotion, we immediately called to _______ him. It was indeed a moment worthy of heartfelt _______. (congratulate) 2. For the sake of argument, let’s _______ that the plan is flawless. However, this _______ could be risky and needs careful check. (assume) 3. The _______ of the glacier is barely perceptible to the naked eye, but over centuries, this slow _______ reshapes the landscape. To facilitate the experiment, we need a _______ partition (隔断)wall in the lab. (move) 4. The car accident resulted in a serious head _______. The driver was severely _______ and rushed to the hospital. The other vehicle’s faulty brakes _______ several passengers as well. (injure) 5. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can _______ many chronic diseases. The focus of public health has shifted from treatment to _______. Vaccination is a key _______ measure against influenza. (prevent) 6. The CEO will _______ the merger (合并) details at the press conference tomorrow. Following the _______, a formal statement will be posted. The _______ for the evening news has a very clear and articulate voice. (announce) 7. She vowed to be devoted to the cause of environmental protection. Her tireless efforts and eventual victory in the national _______ made her a true _______ in the field. (champion) 8. Don’t _______ to ask questions if you are unsure. Any _______ on your part could lead to misunderstandings. She gave a _______ reply, clearly unsure of her decision. (hesitate) 9. Her story of overcoming adversity truly _______ me to pursue my dreams. She has been a constant source of _______ for the entire team. We listened to an _______ speech that left us feeling _______ and motivated. (inspire) 10. Scientists plan to _______ the depths of the ocean next year. This _______ aims to discover new marine species. The famous _______ will lead the expedition. (explore) 11. Completing the project on time gave him a great sense of _______. His performance did not fully _______ the examiners, but it was regarded _______. (satisfy) 12. He refused to _______ he broke the window. As a result, his _______ to the weekend party was canceled. (admit) ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 1. 长期 2. 创造奇迹, 产生神奇作用 3. 持续, 坚持 4. 弥补, 补偿 5. 对⋯⋯进行最后的润色或修饰 6. 对⋯⋯作出反应; 作为对⋯⋯的回复 7. 略有不适, 不舒服 8. 不足为奇, 并不奇怪 9. 起源于 10. 选课，报名参加，注册 11. 努力前进 12. 从⋯⋯得到灵感 13. 一方面⋯⋯，另一方面 14. 更新为 15. 使⋯⋯出神， 使⋯⋯入迷 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 The Growth in My Garden ___________________, I was never good with plants. However, ___________________ my grandfather’s quiet love for gardening, I decided to ___________________ a gardening class. My first attempts were poor, and I felt ___________________ seeing my seedlings struggle. ___________________ — I lacked patience. My instructor advised me to ___________________ it. She explained how care, ___________________, could ___________________. I started to ___________________ nature itself. ___________________, I __________ my knowledge __________ online guides. Slowly, I began to ___________________ success, determined to ___________________ my early failures. The hobby ___________________ completely. Its peace ___________________ a deep connection to life. Last week, as I ___________________ my first flower bed, I realized the real miracle was my own growth. 我的花园成长记 一方面，我向来不擅长打理植物。然而，为了回应祖父对园艺默默的热爱，我决定报名参加一个园艺班。最初的尝试糟糕透顶，看着幼苗挣扎的样子让我感到不太舒服。难怪如此——我缺乏耐心。 我的导师建议我坚持下去。她解释说，长期的照料能创造奇迹。我开始从大自然本身汲取灵感。另一方面，我用网络指南更新知识。慢慢地，我努力迈向成功，决心弥补早期的失败。 这个爱好完全让我着迷。它的宁静源于与生命深刻的联结。上周，当我为我的第一个花坛进行最后修饰时，我意识到真正的奇迹是我自己的成长。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? (教材 p 16） 【结构解析】 这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是“Most people assume that...”。“assume”是主句的谓语动词，后接由“that”引导的宾语从句“that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind”。破折号之后的部分“—but what exactly are its health benefits?”是整个句子的补充性疑问句，表示转折，对前文的普遍认知提出具体追问。整个句子的逻辑是：多数人（持有某种观点）——该观点内容是（某事物有神奇作用）——但是（提出具体疑问）。 【译文】 大多数人认为，规律运动对身体和精神有奇效——但其具体健康益处究竟是什么呢？ 【仿写及翻译】请仿照原句结构和逻辑关系，补全句子： Many educators believe that early exposure to foreign languages ____________ for cognitive development — but ________________________ ? 许多教育工作者认为，早期接触外语对认知发展有奇效——但其具体机制究竟是什么呢？ 2. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. (教材 p 17） 【结构解析】 这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是“the first thing to consider is...”。句首“When you plan an exercise routine”是一个时间状语从句。在主句中，“the first thing”是主语，“is”是系动词，其后的表语是一个由“what”引导的名词性从句“what you expect to improve”。这个表语从句后面用冒号引出三个并列的宾语成分“heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility”，具体举例说明“improve”的内容。整个句子的逻辑是：在（某个时间或条件下）——首先要考虑的事情是（某个问题）——该问题的具体内容（通过举例说明）。 【仿写及翻译】 When you design a study schedule, the key point to identify is what you aim to master: core concepts, problem-solving skills or practical application. 3. Do not eat immediately after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. (教材 p 17） 【结构解析】 这是一个由分号连接的并列句，表达了前后对比与修正的建议。分号前的第一分句“Do not eat immediately after exercise”是一个否定祈使句，提出禁止性建议。分号后的第二分句以“instead”开头，表示转折与替代方案，其主干是“wait at least 30 minutes... or... an hour”。这个主干后接两个由“after”引导的时间状语：“after a typical routine”和“after a hard workout”，它们分别与“30 minutes”和“an hour”搭配，通过“or”连接，构成两个不同强度运动后的具体等待时长选项。整个句子的逻辑是：首先提出一个应避免的笼统做法，然后转而提出一个更精确、有条件的替代方案，并对不同情况给出具体说明。 【译文】 运动后不要立即进食；相反，常规锻炼后应至少等待30分钟，而高强度训练后则应等待长达一小时。 【仿写及翻译】 研究结束后不要立即动笔写作；相反，收集资料后应至少花一天时间整理思路，而大型项目后甚至需要一周。 ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一、主动vs被动：谁是动作的“主角”？ 想象一个简单的场景：小猫喝牛奶。 主动语态就像在看一部“动作片”——我们关注的是动作的发出者（小猫）： The cat drinks the milk. 小猫喝牛奶。 被动语态则像在看一部“结果纪录片”——我们关注的是动作的承受者（牛奶）： The milk is drunk by the cat. 牛奶被小猫喝了。 使用被动语态的三大场合： 不知道谁做的：My bike was stolen! 我的自行车被偷了！——不知道小偷是谁 不重要谁做的：English is spoken here. 这里说英语。——重要的是“说英语”这个事实 不想说谁做的：A mistake was made. 犯了个错误。——可能想避免指责具体的人 二、被动语态的“通用配方” 构成方式：be动词 + 动词的过去分词 主动：The chef cooks dinner. 厨师做晚餐。 被动：Dinner is cooked by the chef. 晚餐被厨师做。 三、现在进行时的被动语态 构成：am/is/are + being + 过去分词 什么时候用？ 当你描述此时此刻正在被做的事情，就像在看一场“现场直播”： A new bridge is being built across the river. 河上正在建一座新桥。 ——想象你正站在河边，看着工人们施工，桥“正在被建造” Your room is being cleaned right now. 你的房间正在被打扫。 ——妈妈正在打扫，你不能进去，因为清洁“正在发生” Look! The injured dog is being taken to the animal hospital. 看！那只受伤的狗正被送往动物医院。 ——你亲眼看到救援正在进行 小贴士：如果翻译成中文有“正在被…”、“在受到…”的感觉，很可能就是现在进行时的被动语态。 四、现在完成时的被动语态 构成：have/has + been + 过去分词 什么时候用？ 当你想说某件事到现在为止已经被完成了，重点在“结果”而非“过程”： The homework has been finished. 作业已经完成了。（重点不是谁写的、写了多久，而是“完成”这个结果状态。） My phone has been repaired. 我的手机修好了。（手机之前坏了，现在修好了，可以用了 All the tickets have been sold. 所有的票都卖光了。（售票过程结束了，结果是“无票可买” 特别用法：强调“经历”；有时候也用来强调“到目前为止的经历”。） This song has been played over a million times on the radio. 这首歌在电台已经被播放超过一百万次了。（从过去到现在累积的经历。） I feel much better now that my problem has been understood. 我的问题被理解后，我感觉好多了。（问题曾经不被理解，但现在这个状态改变了。） 五、对比小剧场 场景：办公室装修 🔹 现在进行时被动：The office is being painted. 办公室正在被粉刷。（你能闻到油漆味，看到工人在工作，过程进行中。） 🔹 现在完成时被动：The office has been painted. 办公室已经粉刷完了。（你走进办公室，看到崭新的墙壁，过程已结束，结果在眼前。） 场景：晚餐准备 🔹 “The dinner is being prepared in the kitchen.” 晚餐正在厨房准备。（厨师在忙碌，还没做好） 🔹 “The dinner has been prepared.” 晚餐已经准备好了。（可以上菜开饭了！） 七、翻译一下句子。 1. 看！那些旧书正在被移出图书馆。 Look! The old books _________________ (remove) from the library. 2. 我的申请已经被接受了。 My application _________________ (accept). 3. 别进那个房间——地板正在被打蜡。 Don’t enter that room — the floor _________________ (wax). 4. 自从上个月以来，这个系统已经被更新了三次。 This system _________________ (update) three times since last month. ❖ 高考真题再现 ✎-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.（2024年3月天津）This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A. has updated B. had updated C. has been updated D. had been updated 2.（2023年6月天津） The wooden tower that ______ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A. is being restored B. is restored C. is restoring D. restores 3. （2022年天津第一次）In the past ten years, one percent of our company’s profits ______ given to local charities. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 4. (2022年1月浙江) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 5. （2021年天津第一次） Currently, about 35,000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed 6. （2021年天津第二次） Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A. has offered B. has been offered C. had offered D. had been offered ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 结论的推导 请再次仔细阅读课文A beginner’s guide to exercise，回答以下问题，选出正确答案。 【解读】 这篇文章的目的是鼓励和指导锻炼新手安全、有效且可持续地开始运动，其核心目标是教育、激励并提供实用建议。 作者运用了以下几种写作技巧来实现这一目的： 一、内容与结构技巧 清晰的逻辑结构： 采用“总-分-总”结构：开篇鼓励 → 分模块阐述（益处、计划、饮食、防伤）→ 总结并呼吁行动。 每个部分使用小标题，使信息层次分明，易于读者快速定位和消化。 从“为什么”到“怎么做”的渐进式引导： 第一步：激发动机（Understanding the benefits）：首先阐述锻炼对身心（心肺、免疫、精神、大脑）的广泛益处，解决“为什么要做”的根本问题，建立内在驱动力。 后续步骤：提供方法论：接着逐步指导如何规划、饮食和防伤，将动力转化为可执行的具体行动。 二、语言与修辞技巧 建立亲和力与鼓励语气： 开篇使用第二人称“你”和直接提问（“You want to start...?”），仿佛在与读者对话，建立个人联系。 使用祝贺性、激励性语言（“Congratulations!”, “What are you waiting for?”），营造积极、支持的氛围，减少新手的畏难情绪。 化繁为简，通俗解释： 使用生动的类比：如将身体比作需要汽油的汽车，将碳水化合物比作汽油，使抽象的营养学概念变得通俗易懂。 列举具体例子：提到“jogging, swimming, skiing”，“fish, eggs, milk”等，让建议变得具体、可操作，而非空泛的理论。 分类说明：将运动按目标（心肺、力量、柔韧）分类，并对应举例，帮助读者根据自身目标做选择。 强调关键原则与注意事项： 突出核心建议：使用“Above all”来强调“选择喜欢的活动”这一坚持的关键。 给出明确的时间与规则：如进食时间（1.5-2.5小时前）、等待时间（30分钟至1小时后）、饮水原则等，提供清晰的行动指南。 重点提示安全：独立“Avoiding injury”部分并强调热身、拉伸、循序渐进，体现对读者安全的关切，增加指南的可信度和实用性。 三、心理与说服技巧 利益导向：始终围绕锻炼给“你”带来的好处展开（变得更健康、更聪明、更快乐），而非枯燥的说教。 降低门槛，鼓励坚持：建议“start small”，强调循序渐进，避免读者因目标过高而放弃。反复强调“choose activities you enjoy”，将坚持的关键从“自律”转移到“乐趣”，更符合行为改变的心理。 行动召唤：结尾的“What are you waiting for?”是经典的行动召唤语，在提供了充足理由和方法后，直接推动读者立即开始，完成从阅读到行动的转化。 总结：作者成功地通过结构清晰、语言亲和、解释通俗、重点突出的写作技巧，将一篇指导性文章转化为一份兼具科学性、实用性和激励性的“行动手册”。其最终目的不仅是传递信息，更是为了降低初学者开始运动的心理与知识门槛，并促使他们付诸实践。 1. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a new fitness program for beginners. B. To argue that exercise is more important than diet for health. C. To inform and encourage beginners on how to start exercising safely and effectively. D. To compare the benefits of different types of exercise like aerobics and strength training. 2. Why does the author mention "cars that run on petrol" in the paragraph "Eating and drinking right"? A. To criticize the environmental impact of using petrol. B. To introduce a new topic about energy sources. C. To provide a familiar analogy to explain how the body uses carbohydrates for energy. D. To suggest that the human body is as complex as a machine. 3. What is the main function of the section "Avoiding injury"? A. To list all the possible dangers of exercising. B. To convince readers that exercise is safe if done correctly. C. To provide specific, actionable advice to ensure safety during exercise. D. To explain the biological process of how injuries happen. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that for a beginner, the most important factor in maintaining a long-term exercise habit is likely to be ________. A. having the most advanced equipment B. choosing physical activities that they find enjoyable C. exercising for at least two hours every single day D. focusing only on strength training to build muscles quickly 【学以致用】阅读短文，选择正确答案。 A young couple entered the restaurant in Andy’s view. They were holding hands. Andy sat back down in his chair. He felt sick. He turned and faced his father, who was eating xôi. “What’s the matter, son?” asked his father. “I thought you were going to the birthday party.” “It’s too late.” “Are you sure?” Andy nodded. He looked at the plate of xôi. He wanted to bury his face in it. “Hi, Andy.” A voice came from behind. Andy looked up. He recognized the beautiful face, and he refused to meet her eyes. “Hi, Jennifer,” muttered (抱怨，发牢骚) Andy, looking at the floor. “You didn’t miss much, Andy. The party was dead. I was looking for you, hoping you could give me a ride home. Then I met Tim, and he was bored like me. And he said he’d take me home.... Andy, do you want to eat with us? I’ll introduce you to Tim.” Andy said, “No, I’m eating xôi with my father.” “Well, I’ll see you in school then, okay?” “Yeah.” And Andy watched her socks move away from his view. Andy grabbed a chunk of xôi. The rice and beans stuck to his fingernails. He placed the chunk in his mouth and pulled it away from his fingers with his teeth. There was a dry bitter taste. But nothing could be as bitter as he was, so he chewed some more. The bitterness faded as the xôi became softer in his mouth, but it was still tasteless. He could hear the young couple talk and giggle (咯咯笑). Their words and laughter and the sounds of his own chewing mixed into a sticky mess. The words were bitter and the laughter was tasteless, and once he began to understand this, he tasted the sweetness of xôi. Andy enjoyed swallowing the sticky mess down. Andy swallowed everything down—sweetness and bitterness and nothingness and what he thought was love. 1. Who is telling this story? A. Jennifer B. Andy C. Andy’s father D. An unnamed narrator 2. What is the most reasonable conclusion to make from the statement in the first paragraph, “He felt sick.”? A. Eating xoi with his father gave Andy a stomachache. B. Andy was upset when he saw Jennifer holding hands with Tim. C. Andy was unhappy about the restaurant his father had selected. D. Andy was upset with Jennifer for making him miss the party. 3. According to the passage, Tim would most likely describe the party as: A. lively. B. dull. C. upsetting. D. remarkable. 4. Based on the last paragraph, it can be most reasonably inferred that Andy’s increasing enjoyment of eating xôi was related to: A. hearing Tim and Jennifer laughing and talking. B. the fact that it stuck to his fingernails. C. sitting at a table with Tim and Jennifer while he ate. D. the fact that his father made the xôi. 5. This passage is mainly about the relationship between: A. Andy and his father. B. Andy and Tim. C. Jennifer and Tim. D. Jennifer and Andy. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 必修二 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy (必修二) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 重点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 routine, breathe, replace, satisfaction, inspire, explore, announce, admit, average, lack, update, master, diagram, philosophy, hesitate, maintain, prevent, equipment, stretch, congratulation, assume, exist, champion, gymnastics, movement, throughout 必备短语 over the long term, do wonders, stick with, make up for, put finishing touches to, in response to, under the weather, no wonder, be rooted in, sign up for, work one’s way to, draw inspiration from, on the one hand…, on the other hand… be updated with, catch one’s imagination 疑难长句 1. Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? (教材 p 16） 2. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. (教材 p 17） 3. Do not eat immediately after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. (教材 p 17） 阅读微技能 写作目的 语法与修辞 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. n. 常规, 惯例. adj. 常规的, 例行的乏味的 routine 2. vi. & vt. 呼吸; 呼出 breathe 3. vt. 用⋯⋯替换; 代替, 取代; 更换, 更新 replace 4. n. 满意; 满足, 达到 satisfaction 5. vt. 激励, 鼓舞; 启发思考; 使产生 (感觉或情感) inspire 6. vt. & vi 探究, 探索; 勘探, 勘察 explore 7. vt. 宣布, 宣告; 通知 announce 8. vt. & vi. 承认; 招认; 准许进入; 准许加入 admit 9. n. 平均水平, 一般水准. adj. 平均的; 典型的 average 10. n. 缺乏, 匮乏, 短缺. vt. & vi. 没有, 缺乏, 不足, 短缺 lack 11. vt. 使现代化, 更新; 向…提供最新信息. n. 最新消息 update 12. n. 大师, 能手; 主人. vt. 精通, 掌握; 控制 master 13. n. 简图, 图解, 图表, 示意图 diagram 14. n. 哲学 philosophy 15. vi. 犹豫, 迟疑 hesitate 16. vt. 维持; 维修, 保养 maintain 17. vt. 阻止, 阻碍 prevent 18. n. 设备; 配备, 装备 equipment 19. vt. & vi. 伸展, 舒展; 拉长; 伸出; (使)延伸 stretch 20. n. 祝贺, 恭喜; 贺辞; 恭贺 congratulation 21. vt. 假定, 认为; 承担(责任), 就(职); 呈现, 显露 assume 22. vi. 存在; 生活, 生存 exist 23. n. 冠军, 第一名 champion 24. n. 体操, 体操训练 gymnastics 25. n. 活动, 转动; 移动; 运动 movement 26. prep. 自始至终; 各处, 遍及 throughout 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. To improve efficiency, the manager introduced a new daily ________ for all employees, which included a morning meeting and progress report. 【答案】routine 【详解】句意为“为了提高效率，经理为所有员工引入了一个新的每日________，包括晨会和进度报告”。根据“daily”和“morning meeting”等语境，需要填入表示“常规、惯例”的名词。 2. In yoga class, the instructor reminded us to deeply ________ in through the nose and out through the mouth to relax. 【答案】breathe 【详解】句意为“在瑜伽课上，老师提醒我们通过鼻子深深________入，通过嘴巴呼出以放松”。根据“in through the nose and out through the mouth”的语境，需要填入表示“呼吸”的动词原形。 3. The old machinery was becoming unsafe, so the factory decided to ________ it with newer, automated models. 【答案】replace 【详解】句意为“旧机器变得不安全了，因此工厂决定用更新的自动化型号________它”。根据“old machinery”和“with newer models”的语境，需要填入表示“更换、取代”的动词原形。 4. Seeing her students’ progress filled the teacher with a deep sense of ________. 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】句意为“看到学生的进步让老师充满了深深的________感”。根据“seeing progress”的语境，需要填入表示“满足、满意”的名词。 5. The scientist’s groundbreaking discovery has ________ a new generation of researchers to pursue similar studies. 【答案】inspired 【详解】句意为“这位科学家的突破性发现________了一代新的研究者从事类似的研究”。根据“groundbreaking discovery”和“pursue similar studies”的语境，需要填入表示“激励、鼓舞”的动词过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。 6. The team plans to ________ the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics next year. 【答案】explore 【详解】句意为“该团队计划明年________人工智能在医疗诊断中的应用可能性”。根据“possibilities”和“using artificial intelligence”的语境，需要填入表示“探究、探索”的动词原形。 7. The city council will ________ the winner of the environmental award at a ceremony next Friday. 【答案】announce 【详解】句意为“市议会将在下周五的仪式上________环境奖的获奖者”。根据“winner of the award”和“at a ceremony”的语境，需要填入表示“宣布、宣告”的动词原形。 8. The student had to ________ that he hadn’t completed the assignment on time and ask for an extension. 【答案】admit 【详解】句意为“这个学生不得不________他没有按时完成作业，并请求延期”。根据“hadn’t completed the assignment”和“ask for an extension”的语境，需要填入表示“承认”的动词原形。 9. The ________ rainfall in this region is about 800 millimeters per year, but it has been much lower recently. 【答案】average 【详解】句意为“这个地区每年的________降雨量大约是800毫米，但最近低了很多”。根据“about 800 millimeters per year”的语境，需要填入表示“平均的”或“平均水平”的形容词或名词。 10. The project’s main challenge is a ________ of funding, which makes it difficult to purchase necessary materials. 【答案】lack 【详解】句意为“这个项目的主要挑战是资金________，这使得购买必要材料变得困难”。根据“main challenge”和“difficult to purchase”的语境，需要填入表示“缺乏、短缺”的名词。 11. Please remember to ________ the software regularly to ensure it has the latest security features. 【答案】update 【详解】句意为“请记得定期________软件，以确保它拥有最新的安全功能”。根据“software”和“latest security features”的语境，需要填入表示“更新、升级”的动词原形。 12. It takes years of practice to ________ a complex skill like playing a musical instrument. 【答案】master 【详解】句意为“要________像演奏乐器这样复杂的技能需要多年的练习”。根据“years of practice”和“complex skill”的语境，需要填入表示“精通、掌握”的动词原形。 13. The teacher drew a ________ on the board to show how the different parts of the engine worked together. 【答案】diagram 【详解】句意为“老师在黑板上画了一个________，以展示发动机的不同部件是如何协同工作的”。根据“drew on the board”和“show how parts worked together”的语境，需要填入表示“简图、示意图”的名词。 14. He decided to study p________ at university because he was deeply interested in questions about life and knowledge. 【答案】philosophy 【详解】句意为“他决定在大学学习________，因为他对于生命和知识的根本问题非常感兴趣”。根据“questions about life and knowledge”的语境，需要填入表示“哲学”的名词。 15. Don’t ________ to contact me if you need any help or have further questions about the project. 【答案】hesitate 【详解】句意为“如果你需要任何帮助或对这个项目有进一步的问题，请不要________联系我”。根据“contact me if you need help”的语境，需要填入表示“犹豫、迟疑”的动词原形。 16. It’s crucial to ________ your car regularly, including checking the oil and tire pressure, to ensure safe driving. 【答案】maintain 【详解】句意为“定期________你的汽车至关重要，包括检查机油和胎压，以确保安全驾驶”。根据“checking the oil and tire pressure”和“ensure safe driving”的语境，需要填入表示“维修、保养”的动词原形。 17. Wearing sunscreen can effectively ________ your skin from being damaged by the sun’s harmful UV rays. 【答案】prevent 【详解】句意为“涂抹防晒霜可以有效________你的皮肤被太阳的有害紫外线损伤”。根据“from being damaged”的语境，需要填入表示“阻止、防止”的动词原形。 18. The laboratory just received a shipment of new scientific ________, which will greatly aid our research. 【答案】equipment 【详解】句意为“实验室刚收到一批新的科学，这将极大帮助我们的研究”。根据“laboratory”和“scientific”的语境，需要填入表示“设备、装备”的不可数名词。 19. It’s a good habit to ________ your arms and legs for a few minutes before starting any intense physical exercise. 【答案】stretch 【详解】句意为“在开始任何剧烈体育运动前，________几分钟胳膊和腿是个好习惯”。根据“before starting intense exercise”和“arms and legs”的语境，需要填入表示“伸展、舒展”的动词原形。 20. Please accept my sincere ________ on your promotion to department head. You truly deserve it. 【答案】congratulations 【详解】句意为“请接受我对你晋升为部门主管的诚挚________。你实至名归。”。根据“on your promotion”的语境，需要填入表示“祝贺、恭喜”的名词复数形式（常用复数）。 21. For the sake of argument, let’s ________ that the proposal is accepted; what would be our next step? 【答案】assume 【详解】句意为“为了讨论方便，让我们________提案被接受了；我们的下一步会是什么？”。根据“for the sake of argument”和“what would be our next step”的语境，需要填入表示“假定、假设”的动词原形。 22. Some scientists believe that intelligent life might ________ on other planets in distant galaxies. 【答案】exist 【详解】句意为“一些科学家相信，智慧生命可能________于遥远星系的其他行星上”。根据“on other planets”的语境，需要填入表示“存在”的动词原形。 23. After years of intense training and competition, she finally became the world ________ in her weightlifting category. 【答案】champion 【详解】句意为“经过多年艰苦的训练和比赛，她终于成为了她所在举重级别的世界________”。根据“world”和“weightlifting category”的语境，需要填入表示“冠军、第一名”的名词。 24. ________ requires not only strength and flexibility but also great discipline and control over one’s body. 【答案】Gymnastics 【详解】句意为“________不仅需要力量和柔韧性，还需要极大的纪律性和对身体的控制力”。根据“strength, flexibility, discipline and control”的语境，需要填入表示“体操”的不可数名词，首字母通常大写。 25. The security camera detected ________ near the back door late at night, so the guards went to investigate. 【答案】movement 【详解】句意为“安全摄像头在深夜探测到后门附近有________，所以警卫前去查看”。根据“security camera detected”和“went to investigate”的语境，需要填入表示“活动、移动”的名词。 26. The news quickly spread ________ the small town, and soon everyone was talking about the upcoming festival. 【答案】throughout 【详解】句意为“这个消息迅速传遍了________整个小镇，很快每个人都在谈论即将到来的节日”。根据“spread”和“the small town”的语境，需要填入表示“遍及、各处”的介词。 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 A Champion’s Heart Every morning, Mia followed the same routine: warm-up, stretch, and practice. As a gymnastics champion, she knew she must maintain her strength and perfect every movement. One day, her coach announced she needed to replace some old equipment. Mia felt a lack of progress and began to hesitate in her training. Her coach showed her a diagram and said, “Don’t assume limits exist. Explore new ways.” His words inspired her. She decided to update her training philosophy: focus on joy, not just the average score. She learned to breathe deeply to prevent anxiety. Throughout the process, she had to admit her fears but worked hard to master her mind. At the next competition, Mia performed beautifully. Moreover, she felt true satisfaction. After winning, she received many congratulations. She finally understood: a real champion wins throughout the journey, not just at the end. 冠军之心 每天早晨，米娅都遵循同样的惯例：热身、伸展和练习。作为一名体操冠军，她知道自己必须保持力量并完善每一个动作。一天，教练宣布需要更换一些旧设备。米娅感到缺乏进步，训练开始犹豫。 教练给她看了一张示意图，并说：“不要假设极限存在。探索新方法。” 他的话鼓舞了她。她决定更新自己的训练哲学：专注于快乐，而不仅仅是平均分。她学会深呼吸以防止焦虑。在整个过程中，她不得不承认自己的恐惧，但努力掌握自己的心态。 在下一次比赛中，米娅表现精彩。而且，她感到了真正的满足。获胜后，她收到了许多祝贺。她终于明白：真正的冠军赢得的是整个旅程，而不仅仅是终点。 四、词性转化练习 1. congratulation n. 祝贺；→ congratulate vt. 祝贺 2. assume vt. 假定；承担；→ assumption n. 假定；承担 3. movement n. 活动；移动；→ move v. 移动；感动；→ movable adj. 可移动的 4. injury n. 伤害；→ injure vt. 伤害；→ injured adj. 受伤的 5. prevent vt. 阻止；预防；→ prevention n. 预防；→ preventive adj. 预防的 6. announce vt. 宣布；→ announcement n. 公告；→ announcer n. 播音员 7. champion n. 冠军 / v. 支持；→ championship n. 锦标赛 8. hesitate vi. 犹豫；→ hesitation n. 犹豫；→ hesitant adj. 犹豫的 9. inspire vt. 激励；启发；→ inspiration n. 灵感；→ inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；→ inspired adj. 受启发的 10. explore v. 探索；勘探；→ exploration n. 探索；→ explorer n. 探险家 11. satisfaction n. 满意；→ satisfy vt. 使满意；达到；→ satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 12. admit v. 承认；准许进入；→ admission n. 承认；入场费 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. On hearing the news of his promotion, we immediately called to _______ him. It was indeed a moment worthy of heartfelt _______. (congratulate) 【答案】congratulate; congratulations 【解析】第一个空格在不定式“to”后，接宾语“him”，需要及物动词原形，表示“祝贺”的动作。第二个空格在形容词性物主代词“heartfelt”后，需要名词，表示“祝贺”这件事，常用复数形式“congratulations”来表达祝贺之意。 2. For the sake of argument, let’s _______ that the plan is flawless. However, this _______ could be risky and needs careful check. (assume) 【答案】assume; assumption 【解析】第一个空格在“let’s”后，需要动词原形，表示“假设”的动作。第二个空格在指示代词“this”后，作主语，需要名词，表示“这一假定”。 3. The _______ of the glacier is barely perceptible to the naked eye, but over centuries, this slow _______ reshapes the landscape. To facilitate the experiment, we need a _______ partition (隔断)wall in the lab. (move) 【答案】movement; move; movable 【解析】第一个空格在定冠词“The”后，作主语，需要名词，表示“移动”这一现象。第二个空格在形容词“slow”后，需要名词，表示“移动”这一行为或过程。第三个空格修饰名词短语“partition wall”，需要形容词，表示“可移动的”。 4. The car accident resulted in a serious head _______. The driver was severely _______ and rushed to the hospital. The other vehicle’s faulty brakes _______ several passengers as well. (injure) 【答案】injury; injured; injured 【解析】第一个空格在形容词“serious head”后，需要名词，表示“伤害”。第二个空格在“was”后，表示状态，需要形容词，表示“受伤的”。第三个空格作谓语，缺少动词，需要用过去时表示已发生的动作“伤害”。 5. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can _______ many chronic diseases. The focus of public health has shifted from treatment to _______. Vaccination is a key _______ measure against influenza. (prevent) 【答案】prevent; prevention; preventive 【解析】第一个空格在情态动词“can”后，需要动词原形，表示“预防”。第二个空格在介词“to”后，需要名词，表示“预防”这一概念。第三个空格修饰名词“measure”，需要形容词，表示“预防性的”。 6. The CEO will _______ the merger (合并) details at the press conference tomorrow. Following the _______, a formal statement will be posted. The _______ for the evening news has a very clear and articulate voice. (announce) 【答案】announce; announcement; announcer 【解析】第一个空格在助动词“will”后，需要动词原形，表示“宣布”。第二个空格在定冠词“the”后，作宾语，需要名词，表示“公告”这件事。第三个空格在定冠词“The”后，作主语，需要名词，表示职业“播音员”。 7. She vowed to be devoted to the cause of environmental protection. Her tireless efforts and eventual victory in the national _______ made her a true _______ in the field. (champion) 【答案】 championship; champion 【解析】第一个空格在形容词“national”后，作宾语，需要名词，表示“锦标赛”。第三个空格在“a true”后，作表语，需要名词，表示“冠军”或“斗士”。 8. Don’t _______ to ask questions if you are unsure. Any _______ on your part could lead to misunderstandings. She gave a _______ reply, clearly unsure of her decision. (hesitate) 【答案】hesitate; hesitation; hesitant 【解析】第一个空格在“Don’t”后，需要动词原形，表示“犹豫”的动作。第二个空格在形容词性物主代词“your”后，作主语，需要名词，表示“犹豫”。第三个空格修饰名词“reply”，需要形容词，表示“犹豫的”。 9. Her story of overcoming adversity truly _______ me to pursue my dreams. She has been a constant source of _______ for the entire team. We listened to an _______ speech that left us feeling _______ and motivated. (inspire) 【答案】inspired; inspiration; inspiring; inspired 【解析】第一个空格作谓语，缺少动词，需要用过去时表示已完成的动作“激励”。第二个空格在“a constant source of”后，需要名词，表示“灵感来源”。第三个空格修饰名词“speech”，需要形容词，表示“鼓舞人心的”。第四个空格在“feeling”后，描述主语的状态，需要形容词，表示“受鼓舞的、受启发的”。 10. Scientists plan to _______ the depths of the ocean next year. This _______ aims to discover new marine species. The famous _______ will lead the expedition. (explore) 【答案】explore; exploration; explorer 【解析】第一个空格在不定式“to”后，需要动词原形，表示“探索”。第二个空格在指示代词“This”后，作主语，需要名词，表示“探索”这项活动。第三个空格在形容词“famous”后，作主语，需要名词，表示人“探险家”。 11. Completing the project on time gave him a great sense of _______. His performance did not fully _______ the examiners, but it was regarded _______. (satisfy) 【答案】satisfaction; satisfy; satisfactory 【解析】第一个空格在“a great sense of”后，需要名词，表示“满足感”。第二个空格在助动词“did not”后，需要动词原形，表示“使满意”。第三个空格在“was deemed”后，作补语，需要形容词，表示“令人满意的”。 12. He refused to _______ he broke the window. As a result, his _______ to the weekend party was canceled. (admit) 【答案】admit; admission 【解析】 第一空在不定式“to”后，需要动词原形 admit，意为“承认（错误）”。第二空作主语，需要名词 admission，意为“被准许进入/参加（某项活动）”。他拒绝承认他打破了窗户。结果，他参加周末派对的资格被取消了。 ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 1. 长期 over the long term 2. 创造奇迹, 产生神奇作用 do wonders 3. 持续, 坚持 stick with 4. 弥补, 补偿 make up for 5. 对⋯⋯进行最后的润色或修饰 put finishing touches to 6. 对⋯⋯作出反应; 作为对⋯⋯的回复 in response to 7. 略有不适, 不舒服 under the weather 8. 不足为奇, 并不奇怪 no wonder 9. 起源于 be rooted in 10. 选课，报名参加，注册 sign up for 11. 努力前进 work one’s way to 12. 从⋯⋯得到灵感 draw inspiration from 13. 一方面⋯⋯，另一方面 on the one hand…, on the other hand 14. 更新为 be updated with 15. 使⋯⋯出神， 使⋯⋯入迷 catch one’s imagination 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 The Growth in My Garden On the one hand, I was never good with plants. However, in response to my grandfather’s quiet love for gardening, I decided to sign up for a gardening class. My first attempts were poor, and I felt under the weather seeing my seedlings struggle. No wonder — I lacked patience. My instructor advised me to stick with it. She explained how care, over the long term, could do wonders. I started to draw inspiration from nature itself. On the other hand, I updated my knowledge with online guides. Slowly, I began to work my way to success, determined to make up for my early failures. The hobby caught my imagination completely. Its peace is rooted in a deep connection to life. Last week, as I was putting the finishing touches to my first flower bed, I realized the real miracle was my own growth. 我的花园成长记 一方面，我向来不擅长打理植物。然而，为了回应祖父对园艺默默的热爱，我决定报名参加一个园艺班。最初的尝试糟糕透顶，看着幼苗挣扎的样子让我感到不太舒服。难怪如此——我缺乏耐心。 我的导师建议我坚持下去。她解释说，长期的照料能创造奇迹。我开始从大自然本身汲取灵感。另一方面，我用网络指南更新知识。慢慢地，我努力迈向成功，决心弥补早期的失败。 这个爱好完全让我着迷。它的宁静源于与生命深刻的联结。上周，当我为我的第一个花坛进行最后修饰时，我意识到真正的奇迹是我自己的成长。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits? (教材 p 16） 【结构解析】 这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是“Most people assume that...”。“assume”是主句的谓语动词，后接由“that”引导的宾语从句“that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind”。破折号之后的部分“—but what exactly are its health benefits?”是整个句子的补充性疑问句，表示转折，对前文的普遍认知提出具体追问。整个句子的逻辑是：多数人（持有某种观点）——该观点内容是（某事物有神奇作用）——但是（提出具体疑问）。 【译文】 大多数人认为，规律运动对身体和精神有奇效——但其具体健康益处究竟是什么呢？ 【仿写及翻译】请仿照原句结构和逻辑关系，补全句子： Many educators believe that early exposure to foreign languages ______ for cognitive development — but ______ ? 许多教育工作者认为，早期接触外语对认知发展有奇效——但其具体机制究竟是什么呢？ 【答案】 Many educators believe that early exposure to foreign languages does wonders for cognitive development — but what are its specific mechanisms? 2. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. (教材 p 17） 【结构解析】 这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是“the first thing to consider is...”。句首“When you plan an exercise routine”是一个时间状语从句。在主句中，“the first thing”是主语，“is”是系动词，其后的表语是一个由“what”引导的名词性从句“what you expect to improve”。这个表语从句后面用冒号引出三个并列的宾语成分“heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility”，具体举例说明“improve”的内容。整个句子的逻辑是：在（某个时间或条件下）——首先要考虑的事情是（某个问题）——该问题的具体内容（通过举例说明）。 【仿写及翻译】 When you design a study schedule, the key point to identify is what you aim to master: core concepts, problem-solving skills or practical application. 当你计划一项锻炼方案时，首先要考虑的是你希望改善什么：心肺功能、肌肉力量还是柔韧性。 3. Do not eat immediately after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. (教材 p 17） 【结构解析】 这是一个由分号连接的并列句，表达了前后对比与修正的建议。分号前的第一分句“Do not eat immediately after exercise”是一个否定祈使句，提出禁止性建议。分号后的第二分句以“instead”开头，表示转折与替代方案，其主干是“wait at least 30 minutes... or... an hour”。这个主干后接两个由“after”引导的时间状语：“after a typical routine”和“after a hard workout”，它们分别与“30 minutes”和“an hour”搭配，通过“or”连接，构成两个不同强度运动后的具体等待时长选项。整个句子的逻辑是：首先提出一个应避免的笼统做法，然后转而提出一个更精确、有条件的替代方案，并对不同情况给出具体说明。 【译文】 运动后不要立即进食；相反，常规锻炼后应至少等待30分钟，而高强度训练后则应等待长达一小时。 【仿写及翻译】 研究结束后不要立即动笔写作；相反，收集资料后应至少花一天时间整理思路，而大型项目后甚至需要一周。 Do not start writing immediately after research; instead, spend at least a day organizing your thoughts after gathering materials, or even a week after a major project. ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一、主动vs被动：谁是动作的“主角”？ 想象一个简单的场景：小猫喝牛奶。 主动语态就像在看一部“动作片”——我们关注的是动作的发出者（小猫）： The cat drinks the milk. 小猫喝牛奶。 被动语态则像在看一部“结果纪录片”——我们关注的是动作的承受者（牛奶）： The milk is drunk by the cat. 牛奶被小猫喝了。 使用被动语态的三大场合： 不知道谁做的：My bike was stolen! 我的自行车被偷了！——不知道小偷是谁 不重要谁做的：English is spoken here. 这里说英语。——重要的是“说英语”这个事实 不想说谁做的：A mistake was made. 犯了个错误。——可能想避免指责具体的人 二、被动语态的“通用配方” 构成方式：be动词 + 动词的过去分词 主动：The chef cooks dinner. 厨师做晚餐。 被动：Dinner is cooked by the chef. 晚餐被厨师做。 三、现在进行时的被动语态 构成：am/is/are + being + 过去分词 什么时候用？ 当你描述此时此刻正在被做的事情，就像在看一场“现场直播”： A new bridge is being built across the river. 河上正在建一座新桥。 ——想象你正站在河边，看着工人们施工，桥“正在被建造” Your room is being cleaned right now. 你的房间正在被打扫。 ——妈妈正在打扫，你不能进去，因为清洁“正在发生” Look! The injured dog is being taken to the animal hospital. 看！那只受伤的狗正被送往动物医院。 ——你亲眼看到救援正在进行 小贴士：如果翻译成中文有“正在被…”、“在受到…”的感觉，很可能就是现在进行时的被动语态。 四、现在完成时的被动语态 构成：have/has + been + 过去分词 什么时候用？ 当你想说某件事到现在为止已经被完成了，重点在“结果”而非“过程”： The homework has been finished. 作业已经完成了。（重点不是谁写的、写了多久，而是“完成”这个结果状态。） My phone has been repaired. 我的手机修好了。（手机之前坏了，现在修好了，可以用了 All the tickets have been sold. 所有的票都卖光了。（售票过程结束了，结果是“无票可买” 特别用法：强调“经历”；有时候也用来强调“到目前为止的经历”。） This song has been played over a million times on the radio. 这首歌在电台已经被播放超过一百万次了。（从过去到现在累积的经历。） I feel much better now that my problem has been understood. 我的问题被理解后，我感觉好多了。（问题曾经不被理解，但现在这个状态改变了。） 五、对比小剧场 场景：办公室装修 🔹 现在进行时被动：The office is being painted. 办公室正在被粉刷。（你能闻到油漆味，看到工人在工作，过程进行中。） 🔹 现在完成时被动：The office has been painted. 办公室已经粉刷完了。（你走进办公室，看到崭新的墙壁，过程已结束，结果在眼前。） 场景：晚餐准备 🔹 “The dinner is being prepared in the kitchen.” 晚餐正在厨房准备。（厨师在忙碌，还没做好） 🔹 “The dinner has been prepared.” 晚餐已经准备好了。（可以上菜开饭了！） 七、翻译一下句子。 1. 看！那些旧书正在被移出图书馆。 Look! The old books _________________ (remove) from the library. 2. 我的申请已经被接受了。 My application _________________ (accept). 3. 别进那个房间——地板正在被打蜡。 Don’t enter that room — the floor _________________ (wax). 4. 自从上个月以来，这个系统已经被更新了三次。 This system _________________ (update) three times since last month. 答案： 1. are being removed 2. has been accepted 3. is being waxed 4. has been updated ❖ 高考真题再现 ✎-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.（2024年3月天津）This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A. has updated B. had updated C. has been updated D. had been updated 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This online course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 2.（2023年6月天津） The wooden tower that ______ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A. is being restored B. is restored C. is restoring D. restores 【答案】A 【解析】主语“The wooden tower”与动词“restore”（修复）之间是被动关系（塔被修复），且根据后文“will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished”可知修复工作尚未完成，正在进行中，因此需用现在进行时的被动语态 is being restored。 3. （2022年天津第一次）In the past ten years, one percent of our company’s profits ______ given to local charities. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】主语“one percent of our company’s profits”中，中心词“profits”（利润）为复数名词，且句首“In the past ten years”表示从过去持续至今的时间段，强调对现在的影响或结果，应使用现在完成时。复数主语搭配现在完成时的被动语态，故用 have been given。 4. (2022年1月浙江) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【答案】 is viewed/has been viewed 【解析】主语“Travelling to conferences...by plane”为动名词短语作单数主语，与动词“view”之间为被动关系（旅行“被”视为重要）。该句描述普遍事实或常态，可用一般现在时的被动语态 is viewed；若强调过去持续至今的状态，也可用现在完成时的被动语态 has been viewed。两者在语境中皆可接受。 5. （2021年天津第一次） Currently, about 35,000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed 【答案】D 【解析】 主语“about 35,000 works”（约35,000件作品）与动词“display”（展出）之间是被动关系（作品被展出），因此应使用被动语态，首先排除主动语态的A和B。句首时间状语“Currently”（目前）表明描述的是当前正在发生的状态，应用现在时态。结合“目前正在被展出”的语境，需用现在进行时的被动语态（are being displayed），强调当前正在进行的动作或状态，而一般现在时的被动语态（如are displayed）更侧重于习惯性或常态。综上，选项D“are being displayed”最符合语境，表示这些作品目前正在卢浮宫的300多个展厅中被展出。 6. （2021年天津第二次） Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A. has offered B. has been offered C. had offered D. had been offered 【答案】D 【解析】 考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 结论的推导 请再次仔细阅读课文A beginner’s guide to exercise，回答以下问题，选出正确答案。 【解读】 这篇文章的目的是鼓励和指导锻炼新手安全、有效且可持续地开始运动，其核心目标是教育、激励并提供实用建议。 作者运用了以下几种写作技巧来实现这一目的： 一、内容与结构技巧 清晰的逻辑结构： 采用“总-分-总”结构：开篇鼓励 → 分模块阐述（益处、计划、饮食、防伤）→ 总结并呼吁行动。 每个部分使用小标题，使信息层次分明，易于读者快速定位和消化。 从“为什么”到“怎么做”的渐进式引导： 第一步：激发动机（Understanding the benefits）：首先阐述锻炼对身心（心肺、免疫、精神、大脑）的广泛益处，解决“为什么要做”的根本问题，建立内在驱动力。 后续步骤：提供方法论：接着逐步指导如何规划、饮食和防伤，将动力转化为可执行的具体行动。 二、语言与修辞技巧 建立亲和力与鼓励语气： 开篇使用第二人称“你”和直接提问（“You want to start...?”），仿佛在与读者对话，建立个人联系。 使用祝贺性、激励性语言（“Congratulations!”, “What are you waiting for?”），营造积极、支持的氛围，减少新手的畏难情绪。 化繁为简，通俗解释： 使用生动的类比：如将身体比作需要汽油的汽车，将碳水化合物比作汽油，使抽象的营养学概念变得通俗易懂。 列举具体例子：提到“jogging, swimming, skiing”，“fish, eggs, milk”等，让建议变得具体、可操作，而非空泛的理论。 分类说明：将运动按目标（心肺、力量、柔韧）分类，并对应举例，帮助读者根据自身目标做选择。 强调关键原则与注意事项： 突出核心建议：使用“Above all”来强调“选择喜欢的活动”这一坚持的关键。 给出明确的时间与规则：如进食时间（1.5-2.5小时前）、等待时间（30分钟至1小时后）、饮水原则等，提供清晰的行动指南。 重点提示安全：独立“Avoiding injury”部分并强调热身、拉伸、循序渐进，体现对读者安全的关切，增加指南的可信度和实用性。 三、心理与说服技巧 利益导向：始终围绕锻炼给“你”带来的好处展开（变得更健康、更聪明、更快乐），而非枯燥的说教。 降低门槛，鼓励坚持：建议“start small”，强调循序渐进，避免读者因目标过高而放弃。反复强调“choose activities you enjoy”，将坚持的关键从“自律”转移到“乐趣”，更符合行为改变的心理。 行动召唤：结尾的“What are you waiting for?”是经典的行动召唤语，在提供了充足理由和方法后，直接推动读者立即开始，完成从阅读到行动的转化。 总结：作者成功地通过结构清晰、语言亲和、解释通俗、重点突出的写作技巧，将一篇指导性文章转化为一份兼具科学性、实用性和激励性的“行动手册”。其最终目的不仅是传递信息，更是为了降低初学者开始运动的心理与知识门槛，并促使他们付诸实践。 1. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a new fitness program for beginners. B. To argue that exercise is more important than diet for health. C. To inform and encourage beginners on how to start exercising safely and effectively. D. To compare the benefits of different types of exercise like aerobics and strength training. 1. 正确答案：C 解析：本题考查对全文写作目的的把握。文章开头祝贺读者，然后系统介绍了锻炼的益处、如何规划、如何饮食以及如何避免受伤，最后鼓励读者开始行动。其核心是提供信息（Inform）和激励行动（Encourage），对象是初学者（Beginners），内容是安全有效地开始。C选项准确地概括了这一目的。 干扰项分析： A：文章并非广告，没有推销任何具体的健身项目或产品。 B：文章虽提到饮食，但并未将其与锻炼的重要性进行比较，两者是作为互补的健康要素被介绍的。 D：文章确实比较了不同类型运动的益处，但这只是“规划日常锻炼”部分的一个细节，而非全文的核心目的。 2. Why does the author mention "cars that run on petrol" in the paragraph "Eating and drinking right"? A. To criticize the environmental impact of using petrol. B. To introduce a new topic about energy sources. C. To provide a familiar analogy to explain how the body uses carbohydrates for energy. D. To suggest that the human body is as complex as a machine. 2. 正确答案：C 解析：本题考查对写作技巧（具体例证/类比）作用的理解。定位至“饮食得当”段落。作者将身体比作汽车，将碳水化合物比作汽油，这是一个类比。其目的是用一个日常生活中熟悉的概念（汽车需要汽油），让读者更容易理解一个相对陌生的生理概念（身体需要碳水化合物供能）。C选项中的“familiar analogy”和“explain”准确描述了这一手法和作用。 干扰项分析： A：文章主旨是锻炼，与环保批评无关，属于过度引申。 B：提及汽车并非为了引出新能源话题，而是服务于解释身体供能机制这一已有话题。 D：虽然暗示了身体像机器一样需要能量，但这不是主要目的。主要目的是通过这个“像机器”的类比来具体解释能量来源，而非仅仅提出“身体复杂”的观点。 3. What is the main function of the section "Avoiding injury"? A. To list all the possible dangers of exercising. B. To convince readers that exercise is safe if done correctly. C. To provide specific, actionable advice to ensure safety during exercise. D. To explain the biological process of how injuries happen. 3. 正确答案：C 解析：本题考查对特定段落功能的把握。定位至“避免受伤”部分。该段落提供了三条具体建议：1) 穿着合适的衣物装备；2) 从小处开始，循序渐进；3) 热身和拉伸。这些都是指导读者如何做才能避免受伤的具体、可操作的行动建议。C选项的“provide specific, actionable advice”精准概括。 干扰项分析： A：“列出所有可能危险”不符合文意。段落重点是“预防”，而非罗列危险，且并未列出所有危险。 B：“说服读者锻炼是安全的”有一定道理，但段落的核心是通过给出安全指南来实现安全，而非仅仅进行说服。C选项更直接、更具体地抓住了段落的内容本质。 D：段落没有解释受伤的生物学过程，而是专注于实践层面的预防措施。 4. It can be inferred from the passage that for a beginner, the most important factor in maintaining a long-term exercise habit is likely to be ________. A. having the most advanced equipment B. choosing physical activities that they find enjoyable C. exercising for at least two hours every single day D. focusing only on strength training to build muscles quickly 4. 正确答案：B 解析：本题考查基于原文细节的推理能力。关键定位点在“规划日常锻炼”段落的最后一句：“Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, you're more likely to stick with them.”（最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。）“坚持下去”即指维持长期习惯。作者使用“Above all”（最重要的是）强调了这是首要因素。因此可以推断，对初学者而言，乐趣是维持长期习惯的关键。 干扰项分析： A：文章提到需要“proper equipment”（合适的装备），但未强调必须“最先进”（most advanced）。 C：文章建议“start small”（从小处开始）和循序渐进，并未要求每天必须锻炼两小时，这与鼓励初学者可持续进行的基调相悖。 D：文章强调均衡的锻炼计划应包含有氧、力量和柔韧性训练，并建议根据目标选择，并未建议初学者只专注于快速增肌的力量训练。 【学以致用】阅读短文，选择正确答案。 A young couple entered the restaurant in Andy’s view. They were holding hands. Andy sat back down in his chair. He felt sick. He turned and faced his father, who was eating xôi. “What’s the matter, son?” asked his father. “I thought you were going to the birthday party.” “It’s too late.” “Are you sure?” Andy nodded. He looked at the plate of xôi. He wanted to bury his face in it. “Hi, Andy.” A voice came from behind. Andy looked up. He recognized the beautiful face, and he refused to meet her eyes. “Hi, Jennifer,” muttered (抱怨，发牢骚) Andy, looking at the floor. “You didn’t miss much, Andy. The party was dead. I was looking for you, hoping you could give me a ride home. Then I met Tim, and he was bored like me. And he said he’d take me home.... Andy, do you want to eat with us? I’ll introduce you to Tim.” Andy said, “No, I’m eating xôi with my father.” “Well, I’ll see you in school then, okay?” “Yeah.” And Andy watched her socks move away from his view. Andy grabbed a chunk of xôi. The rice and beans stuck to his fingernails. He placed the chunk in his mouth and pulled it away from his fingers with his teeth. There was a dry bitter taste. But nothing could be as bitter as he was, so he chewed some more. The bitterness faded as the xôi became softer in his mouth, but it was still tasteless. He could hear the young couple talk and giggle (咯咯笑). Their words and laughter and the sounds of his own chewing mixed into a sticky mess. The words were bitter and the laughter was tasteless, and once he began to understand this, he tasted the sweetness of xôi. Andy enjoyed swallowing the sticky mess down. Andy swallowed everything down—sweetness and bitterness and nothingness and what he thought was love. 1. Who is telling this story? A. Jennifer B. Andy C. Andy’s father D. An unnamed narrator 答案】D 【解析】全文使用第三人称视角（如“Andy sat back down”“He felt sick”），聚焦于Andy的动作、感受和心理活动，但叙述者并未参与情节，是一个客观的外部叙述者。A、B、C三个选项均为故事中的具体人物，但均未以第一人称“我”展开叙述，因此不可能是故事的讲述者。2. What is the most reasonable conclusion to make from the statement in the first paragraph, “He felt sick.”? A. Eating xoi with his father gave Andy a stomachache. B. Andy was upset when he saw Jennifer holding hands with Tim. C. Andy was unhappy about the restaurant his father had selected. D. Andy was upset with Jennifer for making him miss the party. 【答案】B 【解析】第一段中，Andy在看到一对年轻情侣牵手后感到“恶心”（sick），结合后文Jennifer与Tim一同出现，可合理推断Andy对Jennifer怀有好感，因此见到她和别人亲密时感到情绪不适。A项（吃粽子导致胃疼）与上下文无关；C项（对餐厅不满）无文本依据；D项（因Jennifer错过聚会而生气）与后文矛盾——Andy未去聚会是自己说“太晚了”，且Jennifer曾主动找他。 3. According to the passage, Tim would most likely describe the party as: A. lively. B. dull. C. upsetting. D. remarkable. 【答案】B 【解析】文中Jennifer对Andy说“The party was dead”，并提到Tim“was bored like me”，可见二人都认为派对沉闷无聊。A项（热闹）与“dead”相反；C项（令人沮丧）虽带有负面情绪，但更接近“失望”而非“无聊”；D项（出色）与原文明显矛盾。 4. Based on the last paragraph, it can be most reasonably inferred that Andy’s increasing enjoyment of eating xôi was related to: A. hearing Tim and Jennifer laughing and talking. B. the fact that it stuck to his fingernails. C. sitting at a table with Tim and Jennifer while he ate. D. the fact that his father made the xôi. 【答案】A 【解析】最后一段详细描写了Andy咀嚼粽子时听觉与味觉的交织：他听到情侣谈笑，起初感到苦涩无味，随后逐渐尝到甜味并享受吞咽。这一过程与他消化现实、接受情感挫折的心理变化同步，说明他的享受与“听到Tim和Jennifer说笑”直接相关，象征着他从痛苦中释然。B项（粘手）是无关细节；C项（同坐一桌）与事实不符；D项（父亲制作）无文本支持。5. This passage is mainly about the relationship between: A. Andy and his father. B. Andy and Tim. C. Jennifer and Tim. D. Jennifer and Andy. 【答案】D 【解析】全文主线围绕Andy对Jennifer的暗恋、失落与内心释然展开。从他看到情侣时的“sick”，到回避Jennifer的目光、拒绝同坐，再到最后通过咀嚼粽子吞咽“自以为是的爱情”，所有情节和细腻的心理描写都聚焦于Andy对Jennifer的单向情感。A项（父子关系）作为背景出现，但非核心；B项（Andy与Tim）几乎无直接互动；C项（Jennifer与Tim）是推动Andy情感变化的背景情节，但并非描写重点。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $