寒假作业03 非谓语动词+高考必考题型（巩固培优）高二英语译林版

选择必修一、二语法 (非谓语动词) 作业03 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 非谓语动词：不能作谓语，保留动词特征（可接宾语/状语），有名词/形容词/副词特征，共3类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（doing现在分词/ done过去分词），高考语法填空+单选高频考点，侧重用法区分与固定搭配。 一、 不定式（to do）：表将来、具体、一次性动作 1. 核心形式（主动/被动+时态，高考常考3种） - 一般式：to do（主动，动作与主句动作同时/稍后发生）；to be done（被动） ​ - 完成式：to have done（主动，动作先于主句动作）；to have been done（被动，高频） ​ - 进行式：to be doing（主动，动作与主句动作同时进行） 2. 八大核心用法（高考必记） 1. 作主语：常用it作形式主语，句型It’s + adj./n. + to do sth.（It’s important to learn English.）；直接作主语表具体动作（To help others is kind.） ​ 2. 作宾语：接不定式的高频动词（必考）：decide, want, hope, plan, refuse, afford, agree, advise, ask, encourage, expect, fail, manage, promise, pretend, tend, choose ​ 3.  作宾语补足语： 1 接to do的动词：want sb. to do, tell sb. to do, allow sb. to do（被动还原to：sb. be allowed to do）； ② 省略to的动词（使役/感官动词）：make/let/have sb. do；see/watch/hear/notice sb. do（被动还原to） ​ 4. 作表语：说明主语内容/目的，主语多为purpose, plan, aim, dream等（My goal is to be a doctor.） ​ 5. 作定语：后置定语，表将来/未发生的动作（the way to solve the problem 解决问题的方法；a plan to travel abroad 出国旅行的计划） ​ 6.  作状语：高频考点， ① 目的状语To pass the exam, he studies hard. ② 结果状语only to do 表意外结果：He hurried home, only to find the door locked. ③ 原因状语be happy/sorry to do） ​ 7. 特殊结构：have no choice but to do 别无选择只能做；can’t wait to do 迫不及待做；too...to do 太……而不能；enough to do 足够……去做 ​ 8. 否定形式：not to do（tell sb. not to do sth.） 二、 动名词（doing）：表经常性、习惯性、抽象动作，可等同于名词 1. 核心形式 - 一般式：doing（主动）；being done（被动，考频低） ​ - 完成式：having done（主动，动作先于主句动作）；having been done（被动，考频低） 2. 六大核心用法（高考必记） 1. 作主语：表抽象动作，可换it作形式主语（Swimming is good for health. = It’s good for health swimming.）；固定句型：It’s no use/good doing sth. 做某事没用/没好处；It’s a waste of time doing sth. ​ 2.  作宾语：两大高频考点， ① 接动名词的必考动词：enjoy, mind, finish, avoid, miss, keep, practice, suggest, advise, consider, imagine, risk, admit, deny, regret, fancy； ② 接介词（to/for/of等）后接doing：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing（习惯于）, insist on doing, dream of doing, be fond of doing, succeed in doing ​ 3.  作表语：主语多为hobby, habit, job等，表主语的性质/内容 My hobby is reading books. ​ 4.  作定语：前置定语，表用途/功能 a reading room 阅览室；a walking stick 拐杖 ​ 5. 作宾语补足语：仅接少数动词，keep sb. doing, have sb. doing（让某人一直做）, catch sb. doing（撞见某人做某事） ​ 6. 否定形式：not doing（mind not doing sth.） 三、 分词（doing 现在分词/ done 过去分词）：表主动/被动、进行/完成 1. 现在分词（doing）：主动+进行，表动作与逻辑主语主动关系，或正在发生 2. 过去分词（done）：被动+完成，表动作与逻辑主语被动关系，或动作已完成 3. 五大核心用法（高考最高频，语法填空必考） 1.  作定语： 1 现在分词（doing）：后置/前置，主动+进行（a running boy 正在跑的男孩；the girl sitting by the window 坐在窗边的女孩）； ② 过去分词（done）：后置/前置，被动+完成（a broken cup 破碎的杯子；the letter written in English 英文写的信） ​ 2.  作状语：句首/句末，表时间、原因、条件、伴随等，逻辑主语为主句主语（高考语法填空高频）， 1 doing（主动）：Walking in the street, I met an old friend.（时间）；Not knowing his phone number, I couldn’t contact him.（原因） ② done（被动）：Seen from the top, the city is beautiful.（时间）；Given more time, we can do better.（条件）；③ 完成式having done/having been done：动作先于主句动作（Having finished homework, he went out to play. 主动先发生；Having been told many times, he still made mistakes. 被动先发生） ​ 3. 作表语：现在分词表“令人……的”（主语多物）；过去分词表“感到……的”（主语多人）（The film is moving. 电影令人感动；I’m moved. 我很感动） ​ 4. 作宾语补足语：① 感官动词后：see/watch/hear sb. doing（看见/听见某人正在做，进行）；see/watch/hear sb. done（看见/听见某人被……，被动）；② 使役动词后：have sth. done（让某事被做，自己不做：have my hair cut 理发）；get sth. done（等同于have sth. done） ​ 5. 独立主格结构（易错考点）：分词有自己的逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致，表伴随/条件等（Time permitting, we will go hiking. 时间允许的话；The task finished, we went home. 任务完成后） 四、 高考易错易混点辨析（必背，单选/语法填空提分关键） 1. 不定式vs动名词作宾语（核心区分） ​ - regret to do 遗憾要做（未做）；regret doing 后悔做过（已做） ​ - forget to do 忘记要做（未做）；forget doing 忘记做过（已做） ​ - remember to do 记得要做（未做）；remember doing 记得做过（已做） ​ - stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事 ​ - try to do 努力去做；try doing 尝试做 ​ 2. 现在分词vs过去分词（状语/定语核心区分） ​ - 看逻辑主语：主动关系用doing，被动关系用done（关键！） ​ - 例：______ (excite) at the news, she jumped with joy. → Excited（she与excite被动，感到兴奋）； ______ (excite) us, the news spread quickly. → Exciting（news与excite主动，令人兴奋） ​ 3. 易错固定搭配（介词to后接doing，别误写to do） ​ - be used to doing 习惯于；look forward to doing 期待；devote oneself to doing 致力于；stick to doing 坚持；object to doing 反对；pay attention to doing 注意 ​ 4. 非谓语vs谓语：句子已有谓语动词，无连词时，需用非谓语（语法填空解题关键） ​ - 例：He ______ (work) hard, he passed the exam. → Working（已有谓语passed，无连词，用非谓语，主动用doing） 综合备考策略 1. 解题三步法：一判（判断句子是否缺谓语），二找（找非谓语的逻辑主语），三析（分析主被动关系与时间先后）。 2. 终极口诀：主动进行用doing，被动完成用done，未来目的用to do，逻辑关系是根本。 单句语法填空 1. It’s important ______ (learn) English well for us senior students. 2. He finished ______ (read) the novel in three days last week. ​ 3. The girl ______ (sit) by the window is my deskmate who likes painting. 4. My parents encouraged me ______ (take) part in the English speech contest. ​ 5. ______ (walk) in the morning is a good way to keep healthy. ​ 6. The classroom is so clean. Who has spent time ______ (clean) it? ​ 7. I’m sorry ______ (trouble) you, but could you tell me the way to the station? 8. ______ (not know) his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him. 9. The teacher asked us ______ (not make) noise in class. 10. We saw a little boy ______ (cry) at the corner when we passed by. 11. The film is so moving that it made many people ______ (burst) into tears. ​ 12. ______ (give) more time, we can finish the task much better. 13. She is looking forward to ______ (receive) a letter from her pen pal in Canada. ​ 14. It’s no use ______ (argue) with him; he never listens to others’ advice. ​  15. The book ______ (write) by a famous writer is very popular among teenagers. 16. ______ (attend) the meeting on time, he got up early and took the first bus. ​ 17. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday has not been solved yet. ​ 18. Having ______ (prepare) for the exam for half a year, he passed it successfully. 19. I don’t mind ______ (wait) for you for a while, but please be quick. ​  20.  The purpose of the activity is ______ (raise) people’s awareness of environmental protection. 21. ______ (not finish) his homework, he was criticized by his teacher. 22. She was noticed ______ (enter) the building with a young man an hour ago. 23. The novel is said ______ (translate) into more than 20 languages so far. 24. Spending too much time ______ (play) mobile phones is bad for your eyes. ​ 25. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. ​ 26. He regretted ______ (tell) her the truth, which made her very sad. 27. The students are busy ______ (review) their lessons for the final exam. ​ 28. It’s necessary for us ______ (master) a foreign language in the modern society. 29. ______ (live) in this city for 10 years, he knows every corner of it very well. 30.  The machine needs ______ (repair) as it hasn’t worked for a long time. 31. (2024新高考I卷) When ______ (ask) about his dream, the young man said he wanted to be a scientist. 32. (2024全国甲卷) It takes years of practice ______ (become) a skilled doctor. 33. (2023新高考II卷) The park ______ (build) last year has become a popular place for people to relax. 34. (2023全国乙卷) Having ______ (work) in the factory for 5 years, he is familiar with all the machines. 35. (2022新高考I卷) She advised us ______ (start) early so that we could catch the first train. 36. (2022全国甲卷) ______ (save) energy, we should turn off the lights when leaving the room. ​ 37. (2021新高考I卷) I remember ______ (meet) her at a party last year, but I can’t remember her name. 38. (2021全国乙卷) The letter ______ (write) in English is difficult for me to understand. ​ 39. (2020全国I卷) It’s important for children ______ (learn) to share with others from an early age. ​。 40. (2020全国II卷) He spent the whole afternoon ______ (clean) his room and tidying up his books. 1. 为了提高英语，她每天读小说。 _________________________________________________________________________ 2. 学习一门新语言需要耐心。 _________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他走进房间，对着每个人微笑。 _________________________________________________________________________ 4. 海明威写的那本书在书架上。 _________________________________________________________________________ 5. 她让我把报告发给她。 _________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他对集邮感兴趣。 _________________________________________________________________________ 7. 在舞台上跳舞的女孩是我妹妹。 _________________________________________________________________________ 8. 被噪音吓到，孩子哭了起来。 _________________________________________________________________________ 9. 目标是在周五前完成项目。 _________________________________________________________________________ 10. 完成作业后，他出去玩了。 _________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择必修一、二语法（非谓语动词） 作业03 核心知识巩固+拓展突破 非谓语动词：不能作谓语，保留动词特征（可接宾语/状语），有名词/形容词/副词特征，共3类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（doing现在分词/ done过去分词），高考语法填空+单选高频考点，侧重用法区分与固定搭配。 一、 不定式（to do）：表将来、具体、一次性动作 1. 核心形式（主动/被动+时态，高考常考3种） - 一般式：to do（主动，动作与主句动作同时/稍后发生）；to be done（被动） ​ - 完成式：to have done（主动，动作先于主句动作）；to have been done（被动，高频） ​ - 进行式：to be doing（主动，动作与主句动作同时进行） 2. 八大核心用法（高考必记） 1. 作主语：常用it作形式主语，句型It’s + adj./n. + to do sth.（It’s important to learn English.）；直接作主语表具体动作（To help others is kind.） ​ 2. 作宾语：接不定式的高频动词（必考）：decide, want, hope, plan, refuse, afford, agree, advise, ask, encourage, expect, fail, manage, promise, pretend, tend, choose ​ 3.  作宾语补足语： 1 接to do的动词：want sb. to do, tell sb. to do, allow sb. to do（被动还原to：sb. be allowed to do）； ② 省略to的动词（使役/感官动词）：make/let/have sb. do；see/watch/hear/notice sb. do（被动还原to） ​ 4. 作表语：说明主语内容/目的，主语多为purpose, plan, aim, dream等（My goal is to be a doctor.） ​ 5. 作定语：后置定语，表将来/未发生的动作（the way to solve the problem 解决问题的方法；a plan to travel abroad 出国旅行的计划） ​ 6.  作状语：高频考点， ① 目的状语To pass the exam, he studies hard. ② 结果状语only to do 表意外结果：He hurried home, only to find the door locked. ③ 原因状语be happy/sorry to do） ​ 7. 特殊结构：have no choice but to do 别无选择只能做；can’t wait to do 迫不及待做；too...to do 太……而不能；enough to do 足够……去做 ​ 8. 否定形式：not to do（tell sb. not to do sth.） 二、 动名词（doing）：表经常性、习惯性、抽象动作，可等同于名词 1. 核心形式 - 一般式：doing（主动）；being done（被动，考频低） ​ - 完成式：having done（主动，动作先于主句动作）；having been done（被动，考频低） 2. 六大核心用法（高考必记） 1. 作主语：表抽象动作，可换it作形式主语（Swimming is good for health. = It’s good for health swimming.）；固定句型：It’s no use/good doing sth. 做某事没用/没好处；It’s a waste of time doing sth. ​ 2.  作宾语：两大高频考点， ① 接动名词的必考动词：enjoy, mind, finish, avoid, miss, keep, practice, suggest, advise, consider, imagine, risk, admit, deny, regret, fancy； ② 接介词（to/for/of等）后接doing：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be used to doing（习惯于）, insist on doing, dream of doing, be fond of doing, succeed in doing ​ 3.  作表语：主语多为hobby, habit, job等，表主语的性质/内容 My hobby is reading books. ​ 4.  作定语：前置定语，表用途/功能 a reading room 阅览室；a walking stick 拐杖 ​ 5. 作宾语补足语：仅接少数动词，keep sb. doing, have sb. doing（让某人一直做）, catch sb. doing（撞见某人做某事） ​ 6. 否定形式：not doing（mind not doing sth.） 三、 分词（doing 现在分词/ done 过去分词）：表主动/被动、进行/完成 1. 现在分词（doing）：主动+进行，表动作与逻辑主语主动关系，或正在发生 2. 过去分词（done）：被动+完成，表动作与逻辑主语被动关系，或动作已完成 3. 五大核心用法（高考最高频，语法填空必考） 1.  作定语： 1 现在分词（doing）：后置/前置，主动+进行（a running boy 正在跑的男孩；the girl sitting by the window 坐在窗边的女孩）； ② 过去分词（done）：后置/前置，被动+完成（a broken cup 破碎的杯子；the letter written in English 英文写的信） ​ 2.  作状语：句首/句末，表时间、原因、条件、伴随等，逻辑主语为主句主语（高考语法填空高频）， 1 doing（主动）：Walking in the street, I met an old friend.（时间）；Not knowing his phone number, I couldn’t contact him.（原因） ② done（被动）：Seen from the top, the city is beautiful.（时间）；Given more time, we can do better.（条件）；③ 完成式having done/having been done：动作先于主句动作（Having finished homework, he went out to play. 主动先发生；Having been told many times, he still made mistakes. 被动先发生） ​ 3. 作表语：现在分词表“令人……的”（主语多物）；过去分词表“感到……的”（主语多人）（The film is moving. 电影令人感动；I’m moved. 我很感动） ​ 4. 作宾语补足语：① 感官动词后：see/watch/hear sb. doing（看见/听见某人正在做，进行）；see/watch/hear sb. done（看见/听见某人被……，被动）；② 使役动词后：have sth. done（让某事被做，自己不做：have my hair cut 理发）；get sth. done（等同于have sth. done） ​ 5. 独立主格结构（易错考点）：分词有自己的逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致，表伴随/条件等（Time permitting, we will go hiking. 时间允许的话；The task finished, we went home. 任务完成后） 四、 高考易错易混点辨析（必背，单选/语法填空提分关键） 1. 不定式vs动名词作宾语（核心区分） ​ - regret to do 遗憾要做（未做）；regret doing 后悔做过（已做） ​ - forget to do 忘记要做（未做）；forget doing 忘记做过（已做） ​ - remember to do 记得要做（未做）；remember doing 记得做过（已做） ​ - stop to do 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事 ​ - try to do 努力去做；try doing 尝试做 ​ 2. 现在分词vs过去分词（状语/定语核心区分） ​ - 看逻辑主语：主动关系用doing，被动关系用done（关键！） ​ - 例：______ (excite) at the news, she jumped with joy. → Excited（she与excite被动，感到兴奋）； ______ (excite) us, the news spread quickly. → Exciting（news与excite主动，令人兴奋） ​ 3. 易错固定搭配（介词to后接doing，别误写to do） ​ - be used to doing 习惯于；look forward to doing 期待；devote oneself to doing 致力于；stick to doing 坚持；object to doing 反对；pay attention to doing 注意 ​ 4. 非谓语vs谓语：句子已有谓语动词，无连词时，需用非谓语（语法填空解题关键） ​ - 例：He ______ (work) hard, he passed the exam. → Working（已有谓语passed，无连词，用非谓语，主动用doing） 综合备考策略 1. 解题三步法：一判（判断句子是否缺谓语），二找（找非谓语的逻辑主语），三析（分析主被动关系与时间先后）。 2. 终极口诀：主动进行用doing，被动完成用done，未来目的用to do，逻辑关系是根本。 单句语法填空 1. It’s important ______ (learn) English well for us senior students.  to learn 解析：固定句型It’s+adj.+to do sth.，不定式作真正主语，it为形式主语。 2. He finished ______ (read) the novel in three days last week. ​ reading 解析：固定搭配finish doing sth.，意为“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语。 3. The girl ______ (sit) by the window is my deskmate who likes painting. ​ sitting 解析：现在分词作后置定语，the girl与sit为主动关系，表主动、进行。 4. My parents encouraged me ______ (take) part in the English speech contest. ​ to take 解析：固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。 5. ______ (walk) in the morning is a good way to keep healthy. ​Walking 解析：动名词作句子主语，表经常性、习惯性的动作，句首首字母大写。 6. The classroom is so clean. Who has spent time ______ (clean) it? ​ cleaning 解析：固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语，in可省略。 7. I’m sorry ______ (trouble) you, but could you tell me the way to the station? ​to trouble 解析：固定句型be sorry to do sth.，意为“很抱歉做某事”，不定式作原因状语。 ​ 8. ______ (not know) his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him. ​Not knowing 解析：现在分词作原因状语，we与know为主动关系，否定形式直接在分词前加not，句首首字母大写。 9. The teacher asked us ______ (not make) noise in class. ​not to make 解析：固定搭配ask sb. not to do sth.，意为“要求某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定形式作宾语补足语。 10. We saw a little boy ______ (cry) at the corner when we passed by. ​ crying 解析：固定搭配see sb. doing sth.，意为“看到某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，表动作正在进行。 11. The film is so moving that it made many people ______ (burst) into tears. ​burst 解析：固定搭配make sb. do sth.，意为“使某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。 12. ______ (give) more time, we can finish the task much better. ​Given 解析：过去分词作条件状语，we与give为被动关系，表被动、完成，句首首字母大写。 13. She is looking forward to ______ (receive) a letter from her pen pal in Canada. ​ receiving 解析：固定搭配look forward to doing sth.，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 14. It’s no use ______ (argue) with him; he never listens to others’ advice. ​ arguing 解析：固定句型It’s no use doing sth.，意为“做某事是没用的”，动名词作真正主语。 15. The book ______ (write) by a famous writer is very popular among teenagers. written 解析：过去分词作后置定语，the book与write为被动关系，表被动、完成。 16. ______ (attend) the meeting on time, he got up early and took the first bus. ​To attend 解析：不定式作目的状语，意为“为了按时参加会议”，句首首字母大写。 17. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday has not been solved yet. ​discussed 解析：过去分词作后置定语，the problem与discuss为被动关系，表被动、完成，呼应yesterday。 18. Having ______ (prepare) for the exam for half a year, he passed it successfully. ​prepared 解析：现在分词的完成式having done，表动作发生在主句动作passed之前，强调先后顺序，have后接过去分词构成完成式。 19. I don’t mind ______ (wait) for you for a while, but please be quick. ​ waiting 解析：固定搭配mind doing sth.，意为“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语。 20.  The purpose of the activity is ______ (raise) people’s awareness of environmental protection.  to raise 解析：不定式作表语，说明主语the purpose的具体内容，表将来、具体的目的。 21. ______ (not finish) his homework, he was criticized by his teacher. ​Not having finished 解析：现在分词的完成式的否定形式，作原因状语，he与finish为主动关系，且finish动作发生在was criticized之前，否定词not放句首。 22. She was noticed ______ (enter) the building with a young man an hour ago. ​to enter 解析：固定搭配be noticed to do sth.，意为“被注意到做了某事”，被动语态中，省略to的不定式要还原to。 23. The novel is said ______ (translate) into more than 20 languages so far. ​to have been translated 解析：固定句型be said to do sth.，意为“据说做某事”；so far为现在完成时标志，the novel与translate为被动关系，故用to have been translated。 24. Spending too much time ______ (play) mobile phones is bad for your eyes. ​playing 解析：固定搭配spend time doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。 25. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. ​Seen 解析：过去分词作状语，the city与see为被动关系，表被动、完成，句首首字母大写。 26. He regretted ______ (tell) her the truth, which made her very sad. ​telling 解析：固定搭配regret doing sth.，意为“后悔做过某事”（动作已发生）；regret to do sth.意为“遗憾要做某事”（动作未发生），此处表已告诉真相，用动名词。 27. The students are busy ______ (review) their lessons for the final exam. ​reviewing 解析：固定搭配be busy doing sth.，意为“忙于做某事”，动名词作宾语。 28. It’s necessary for us ______ (master) a foreign language in the modern society. ​to master 解析：固定句型It’s necessary for sb. to do sth.，意为“对某人来说做某事是必要的”，不定式作真正主语。 29. ______ (live) in this city for 10 years, he knows every corner of it very well. ​Having lived 解析：现在分词的完成式作状语，he与live为主动关系，且live动作发生在knows之前，强调先后顺序，句首首字母大写。 30.  The machine needs ______ (repair) as it hasn’t worked for a long time. repairing/to be repaired 解析：固定搭配need doing=need to be done，意为“需要被做”，表被动。 31. (2024新高考I卷) When ______ (ask) about his dream, the young man said he wanted to be a scientist. ​asked 解析：(2024新高考I卷) 过去分词作时间状语，the young man与ask为被动关系，表“当被问到梦想时”，省略了when he was。 32. (2024全国甲卷) It takes years of practice ______ (become) a skilled doctor. ​ to become 解析：(2024全国甲卷) 固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，不定式作真正主语。 33. (2023新高考II卷) The park ______ (build) last year has become a popular place for people to relax.  built 解析：(2023新高考II卷) 过去分词作后置定语，the park与build为被动关系，呼应last year，表被动、完成。 34. (2023全国乙卷) Having ______ (work) in the factory for 5 years, he is familiar with all the machines. ​worked 解析：(2023全国乙卷) 现在分词的完成式having done，表动作发生在is familiar with之前，have后接过去分词worked。 35. (2022新高考I卷) She advised us ______ (start) early so that we could catch the first train. ​ to start 解析：(2022新高考I卷) 固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，意为“建议某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。 36. (2022全国甲卷) ______ (save) energy, we should turn off the lights when leaving the room. ​ To save 解析：(2022全国甲卷) 不定式作目的状语，意为“为了节约能源”，句首首字母大写。 37. (2021新高考I卷) I remember ______ (meet) her at a party last year, but I can’t remember her name. ​meeting 解析：(2021新高考I卷) 固定搭配remember doing sth.，意为“记得做过某事”（动作已发生），呼应last year。 38. (2021全国乙卷) The letter ______ (write) in English is difficult for me to understand. ​written 解析：(2021全国乙卷) 过去分词作后置定语，the letter与write为被动关系，表被动、完成。 39. (2020全国I卷) It’s important for children ______ (learn) to share with others from an early age. ​to learn 解析：(2020全国I卷) 固定句型It’s important for sb. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 40. (2020全国II卷) He spent the whole afternoon ______ (clean) his room and tidying up his books. cleaning 解析：(2020全国II卷) 固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。 1. 为了提高英语，她每天读小说。 【答案】To improve her English, she reads novels every day. 【知识点】不定式作目的状语、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、improve 【详解】考查不定式作状语。表示“为了……”常用不定式短语置于句首作目的状语。“提高英语”译为 improve her English，“读小说”译为 read novels，“每天”译为 every day。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语 she 后 reads 需用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为 To improve her English, she reads novels every day. 2. 学习一门新语言需要耐心。 【答案】Learning a new language requires patience. 【知识点】动名词作主语、一般现在时、require、patience 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句中“学习一门新语言”是主语，应用动名词短语 Learning a new language 表示。“需要”译为 require，“耐心”译为 patience。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为单数概念，故谓语动词用 requires。故翻译为 Learning a new language requires patience. 3. 他走进房间，对着每个人微笑。 【答案】He walked into the room, smiling at everyone. 【知识点】现在分词作伴随状语、一般过去时、walk into、smile at 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。“走进房间”是主要动作，译为 walked into the room；“微笑”是伴随动作，用现在分词短语 smiling at everyone 表示，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。“每个人”译为 everyone。句子描述过去动作，用一般过去时。故翻译为 He walked into the room, smiling at everyone. 4. 海明威写的那本书在书架上。 【答案】The book written by Hemingway is on the shelf. 【知识点】过去分词作定语、一般现在时、written、on the shelf 【详解】考查过去分词作定语。“书”与“写”之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语 written by Hemingway 作后置定语。“在书架上”译为介词短语 on the shelf。句子描述当前状态，用一般现在时，主语 The book 为单数，故系动词用 is。故翻译为 The book written by Hemingway is on the shelf. 5. 她让我把报告发给她。 【答案】She asked me to send her the report. 【知识点】不定式作宾语补足语、一般过去时、ask sb to do sth、send 【详解】考查不定式作宾补。“让某人做某事”常用 ask sb to do sth 结构。“我”作宾语用宾格 me；“发送报告给她”译为 send her the report。句子描述过去动作，用一般过去时，ask 用过去式 asked。故翻译为 She asked me to send her the report. 6. 他对集邮感兴趣。 【答案】He is interested in collecting stamps. 【知识点】动名词作介词宾语、be interested in、collect stamps 【详解】考查动名词作介词宾语。“对……感兴趣”用固定短语 be interested in，其中 in 为介词，后接动名词 collecting。“集邮”译为 collect stamps。句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时。故翻译为 He is interested in collecting stamps. 7. 在舞台上跳舞的女孩是我妹妹。 【答案】The girl dancing on the stage is my sister. 【知识点】现在分词作定语、一般现在时、dance on the stage 【详解】考查现在分词作定语。“女孩”与“跳舞”之间为主动关系，用现在分词短语 dancing on the the stage 作后置定语。“在舞台上”译为 on the stage。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 The girl 为单数，故系动词用 is。故翻译为 The girl dancing on the stage is my sister. 8. 被噪音吓到，孩子哭了起来。 【答案】Frightened by the noise, the child started crying. 【知识点】过去分词作状语、一般过去时、frighten、start doing sth 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。“孩子”与“吓”之间为被动关系，用过去分词短语 Frightened by the noise 作原因状语。“开始哭”译为 started crying。句子描述过去动作，用一般过去时。故翻译为 Frightened by the noise, the child started crying. 9. 目标是在周五前完成项目。 【答案】The goal is to finish the project by Friday. 【知识点】不定式作表语、一般现在时、goal、finish、by Friday 【详解】考查不定式作表语。“目标是做某事”常用 The goal is to do sth 结构。“完成项目”译为 finish the project，“在周五前”译为 by Friday。句子陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语 The goal 为单数，故系动词用 is。故翻译为 The goal is to finish the project by Friday. 10. 完成作业后，他出去玩了。 【答案】Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 【知识点】现在分词完成式作状语、一般过去时、finish homework、go out to play 【详解】考查现在分词的完成式作状语。“完成作业”发生在“出去玩”之前，且与主语 he 为主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式 Having finished 作时间状语。“出去玩”译为 went out to play。句子描述过去动作，用一般过去时。故翻译为 Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 答案第10页，共14页 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $