寒假作业05 可数名词与不可数名词（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材人教版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 可数名词与不可数名词 可数名词与不可数名词 普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 一、可数名词 定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜 ① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana ② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas 名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 【巧学妙记】 (一) 规则变化： 　　1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 　 　book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 　 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 　　 bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes 　　 dish → dishes watch → watches 　　3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es 　　 city → cities body → bodies factory → factories 　　4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为ves half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s tomato — tomatoes ,potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios 【注】以o 结尾的名词，加es 的有 【记】 黑人（Negro → Negroes） 英雄 （hero →heroes ） 爱吃土豆（Potato → potatoes） 和西红柿 （tomato →tomatoes） 【注】以o 结尾的名词，加s 的有 【记】 我听广播(radio→ radios)， 也看到电视录像( video→ videos)， 说动物园( zoo→ zoo)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→ kangaroos) 弹着钢琴(piano→ pianos)吸引游客来照相 （二） 不规则变化 【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形　 2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数； 【单复数不同形】： 1. child → children 2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men) 3. foot → feet tooth → teeth 二、不可数名词： （一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。 注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶 （二）、 不可数名词的用法： 1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用； 2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。 不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式： （1）用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少 I don’t want any advice, I want some information (2) 用a piece of 这类短语： a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea. 如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数 注意： 可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。 some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。 既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。 （1）fish用作可数名词，指鱼的条数时单数和复数形式相同，如：one fish一条鱼，two fish两条鱼；指鱼的种类时其复数形式为fishes，如：two fishes 两种鱼。fish用作不可数名词时，意思是＂鱼肉＂。 （2）room用作可数名词时意思是＂房间＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂空间；余地＂。 ☞ We had better find a room to live in. 我们最好找个房间住下。 ☞ Can you make room for the old woman, young man? 年轻人，你能给老太太让个地方吗? （3）chicken用作可数名词时意为＂(小)鸡＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂鸡肉＂。 （4）orange用作可数名词时意为＂橘子，橙子＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂橘汁，橙汁＂。 （5）hair用作可数名词时指＂单根的(人或动物的)毛发＂；用作不可数名词时指＂毛发＂的总称。 （6）work用作可数名词时意为＂著作；作品＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂工作；职业＂。 （7）exercise用作可数名词时意为＂练习；作业；体操＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂运动，(体育)锻炼＂。 （8）time用作可数名词时意为＂次数，倍数＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂时间＂。 （9）glass用作可数名词时意为＂玻璃杯＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂玻璃＂。 （10）paper用作可数名词时意为＂考卷，论文，报纸＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂纸，纸张＂。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 1．Mom bought some ________ and vegetables. She also needs to buy two bottles of ________. A．potatos; milk B．potatoes; milks C．potatoes; milk D．potatos; milks 2．—I want to make stir-fried eggs and tomatoes. ________ sugar do I need? —You need ________ sugar. A．How many; two spoons of B．How much; two spoon of C．How much; two spoons of D．How many; two spoon of 3．Our English teacher gave us some ________ on how to remember new words better. A．suggestion B．suggestions C．idea D．advices 4．—Mum, I’m hungry. —There are ________ on the table. You can have one. A．two apples B．two apple C．an apple D．a apple 5．Five international students form our group. Two of them are ________ and three of them are ________. A．Japaneses; Germen B．Japanese; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; German 6．Su Bingtian became one of ________ in Asia. A．the fastest runner B．the fastest runners C．faster runners D．the faster runners 7．—There ________ no salt at home. Remember to buy ________ this afternoon. —OK, Dad! A．is; two bags of salt B．is; two bag of salt C．are; two bag of salt D．are; two bags of salt 8．You should put ________ and a cup of yogurt into the blender. A．two teaspoon of sugar B．a teaspoon of sugar C．two teaspoons of sugars D．a teaspoon of sugars 9．It will be ________ tomorrow, so there will be a lot of ________ tomorrow. A．rain; rain B．rainy; rain C．rain; rainy D．rainy; rainy 10．My mom was carrying some ________ at that time. A．pieces of paper B．piece of paper C．pieces of papers D．pieces paper 11．It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________. A．chicken; vegetable B．chickens; vegetables C．chicken; vegetables D．chickens; vegetable 12．I have a lot of ________ today. I need to finish three difficult ________ before 5 o’clock. A．work; tasks B．tasks; work C．job; tasks D．tasks; job 13．Sailing across the Atlantic is quite ________, but for those who haven’t ________ in sailing, that is very dangerous. A．an experience; many of experiences B．an experience; much experience C．experience; much experience D．experience; many experiences 14．Can you give me ________ on it? A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice 15．There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ and ________. A．two kilos of pork; three breads B．a few pork; some carrots C．a few tomatoes; two kilos of meat D．two boxes of egg; many beef 16．The tourist with great ________ had several exciting ________ during his visit to Africa. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experiences; experience D．experience; experiences 17．Some students in our school hardly take ________, so our head master asks us to do morning ________ every day. A．exercises; exercises B．exercise; exercise C．exercises; exercise D．exercise; exercises 18．There is some ________ in your drawer. You can correct the mistakes in your ________ on it. A．paper; papers B．papers; papers C．paper; a paper D．papers; paper 19．My mother keeps many __________, but she never eats ___________. A．chickens; chicken B．chicken; chicken C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chickens 20．My grandfather has a farm. And there are many ________ on it. A．sheep B．rabbit C．chicken D．duck 21．The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems. A．man; tooth B．man; teeth C．men; tooth D．men; teeth 22．She ________ hens and pigs with her ________ last Sunday night. A．fed; children B．feed; children C．feed; child D．fed; childs 23．—What can you see in the picture?     —Ten ________ and 5 ________ as well. A．sheeps; deers B．sheep; deer C．sheeps; deer D．sheep; deers 24．I can see some ________ in the river. A．goose B．gooses C．geese D．geeses 25．There are four ________ and two ________ in the group. A．Japanese; Germen B．Japaneses; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; Germans 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Jake always felt lonely when he started his junior high. He wasn’t sure 1 he could make friends. He thought the best way was to be 2 . At lunch, he saw a new boy sitting alone at the table and 3 . “Hey, can I sit here?” he asked. “Sure, I’m Alex,” he 4 with a smile. “I’m Jake. Are you new?” Alex nodded. “Yeah. 5 , I have moved here. I don’t know anybody.” Jake thought this was a good 6 to make a new friend to become popular. “I know how that feels. What 7 do you like?” “Basketball is my thing.” Alex’s face lit up. As they spent time together, Jake found that Alex was a boy with good 8 . He was polite to people around and 9 arguing with others. Little by little, Jake forgot to make 10 popular but started to help around with Alex. One day, Alex was stressed 11 he didn’t play well in the basketball game. Jake listened patiently and told jokes to 12 Alex up. Alex said, “Thanks. I’m so lucky to have a friend 13 you.” Soon, Jake started to volunteer at a local hospital. Jake felt so 14 to be a good friend and help others. He finally learned that the best way to make friends was to think more of others and 15 of himself. People liked him because he was kind, and he never felt lonely again. 1．A．when B．where C．how D．why 2．A．brave B．creative C．popular D．successful 3．A．gave up B．walked over C．looked up D．climbed over 4．A．jumped B．replied C．doubted D．returned 5．A．Finally B．Simply C．Recently D．Suddenly 6．A．chance B．message C．example D．advantage 7．A．food B．music C．colour D．sport 8．A．dreams B．choices C．hobbies D．qualities 9．A．avoided B．enjoyed C．practised D．remembered 10．A．myself B．himself C．herself D．yourself 11．A．but B．and C．because D．although 12．A．fix B．kick C．make D．cheer 13．A．of B．like C．for D．without 14．A．angry B．nervous C．satisfied D．comfortable 15．A．less B．better C．more D．faster 二、阅读理解 A “Oh, dear! I can hardly remember the first time we ate at this restaurant,” said Sari Hausler to her husband. “I can.” said their son Jake, “January 19th, 2018. It was a Saturday night.” Jake is only fifteen years old. However, he has better memories than most people would have in ten lifetimes. He remembers the results of every football game he has watched. Gracie, their pet dog, he says, has hit (打) him with her tail 31 times. He can also tell you where every item (商品)in the nearby supermarket is. But it’s not always a good thing. For example, Jake can’t forget the mistakes he’s made. ________ Another problem is that Jake’s teachers don’t like him. They call the boy a “know-it-all”. In class, when the teacher asks about a fact, Jake is always the first to give the answer. “I try to keep quiet. However, sometimes I just can’t help but do it.” the boy says. Although remembering so much information brings him trouble, Jake likes his superpower. “A super memory is cool, isn’t it?” he says. 16．What can Jake NOT remember? A．When his parents first met each other. B．Where every item in the nearby supermarket is. C．How many times Gracie has hit him. D．What mistakes he has ever made before. 17．Which sentence can be put in ________. A．He hates his good memory so much. B．He feels sorry about them and often gets unhappy. C．He doesn’t know why he always makes so many mistakes. D．While he can’t remember good things he did. 18．What can we learn from the passage? A．Jake began to show his superpower when he was fifteen. B．It might be very hard for Jake to forget bad memories. C．Jake’s teachers dislike him because he knows more than them. D．Jake sometimes has a poor memory and needs others’ help. 19．What might Jake think of his special talent? A．Boring and useless. B．Natural and common. C．Magic but scary. D．Troublesome but cool. 20．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Happy memories in Jake’s life. B．A “know-it-all” trouble. C．A boy’s unusual memory. D．How to own better memories. B 阅读短文及文后的A~F选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Life is not perfect. It never has been and never will be. We often complain (抱怨) about the weather, the traffic, and the dying flowers in our yard. We complain about boring soap operas, lost keys, and late planes. 21 Here are some useful steps to help you complain less: Know the importance of accepting the change. 22 If we have a choice, most of us would not like to waste our life with our complaining words. 23 Life is not always going to be like what we expect. There will always be trouble. And the sooner we accept the real world around us, the sooner we can embrace the fact that our contribution (贡献) is far more needed than our pleasure. Don’t begin conversations with a complaint. Often, when we talk with a complaint, we’ll begin complaining for a long time too. So, try not to begin conversations with a complaint. 24 Notice your triggers (起因). 25 Morning, evening, or late afternoon? When you are drinking coffee or lunch with your friends? Maybe it is around the dinner table with your family? Take notice. Then, avoid triggers if possible. Complaining is always meaningless in our lives. We will live more happily without it. Look forward! Let’s embrace the lovely world! A．Can any complaint help solve the problem? B．Understand the real world which is not perfect. C．How can we begin to change the habit of complaining? D．Is there a time of the day you want to complain more than others? E．And try showing your happiness to others with your opening words instead. F．Many of us complain only because we never considered there may be a better way. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hello! I am Jerry. I am 26 11-year-old boy. I like dumplings very much. Do you like dumplings? The dumpling is one of the 27 (traditional) foods in China. The people in a family often get together to make dumplings on New Year’s Eve. Yesterday I 28 (decide) to make this delicious food for my family. First, some meat, one cabbage and one carrot were necessary. Second, to go with the dumpling filling (馅), my mum taught me to cut 29 the meat and vegetables so that I could 30 (easy) make the dumpling filling with those pieces by adding some salt and pepper. Third, I put the finished flavourful 31 (mix) in a bowl. Fourth, I started making the dough, which turned out 32 (soft) than I expected after kneading (揉) it thoroughly (彻底). Fifth, I cut the dough into small pieces 33 made them into round ones. Sixth, I put the filling in the centre of a dumpling wrapper one by one, and then folded them up. Finally, I put the dumplings into the pot and cook them for a few minutes. In this way, I cooked delicious dumplings by 34 (my). I find it an interesting experience 35 (make) dumplings. 阅读语篇，用自己的语言概括并补全概要中所缺信息，在空白处填入一个恰当的词块或句子。 Are your parents often angry with you? Or do you always disagree (不同意) with your parents? Maybe the relationships (关系) between you and them are terrible. Do you want to improve the situations? If so, you can think about the following ways. Respect (尊重). It’s important to show your respect and care about your parents’ feelings. Though you have disagreements, at least try to know about whatever they are trying to tell you. You shouldn’t keep your own thoughts only. Communication (交流). You can communicate with your parents. You may not get what you want, but explaining your thoughts in a calm way may help work out the problem. Trust (信任). How can your parents build trust in you? It depends on what you do. For example, if you get home late without calling first, next time your parents may not believe you. To win their trust, you should pay attention to the ways you do things. Spend time together (共度时光). Some teenagers find that sharing time together can improve their relationships with parents. Your parents may be interested in going shopping, hanging out and playing cards with you. So you should spend time with your parents. And it will drive away the “black cloud” hanging over your home. Your parents give all their love to you. Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want? If you always have disagreements with parents, your relationships may be terrible. But here are several ways to help you 1 . First, show them respect by 2 instead of only keeping your own thoughts. Second, 3 . Third, do some things to 4 . Finally, spend time with them. You will have a happy family if you try these ways actively. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 可数名词与不可数名词 可数名词与不可数名词 普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 一、可数名词 定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜 ① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana ② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas 名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 【巧学妙记】 (一) 规则变化： 　　1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 　 　book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 　 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 　　 bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes 　　 dish → dishes watch → watches 　　3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es 　　 city → cities body → bodies factory → factories 　　4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为ves half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s tomato — tomatoes ,potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios 【注】以o 结尾的名词，加es 的有 【记】 黑人（Negro → Negroes） 英雄 （hero →heroes ） 爱吃土豆（Potato → potatoes） 和西红柿 （tomato →tomatoes） 【注】以o 结尾的名词，加s 的有 【记】 我听广播(radio→ radios)， 也看到电视录像( video→ videos)， 说动物园( zoo→ zoo)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→ kangaroos) 弹着钢琴(piano→ pianos)吸引游客来照相 （二） 不规则变化 【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形　 2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数； 【单复数不同形】： 1. child → children 2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men) 3. foot → feet tooth → teeth 二、不可数名词： （一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。 注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶 （二）、 不可数名词的用法： 1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用； 2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。 不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式： （1）用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少 I don’t want any advice, I want some information (2) 用a piece of 这类短语： a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea. 如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数 注意： 可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。 some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。 既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。 （1）fish用作可数名词，指鱼的条数时单数和复数形式相同，如：one fish一条鱼，two fish两条鱼；指鱼的种类时其复数形式为fishes，如：two fishes 两种鱼。fish用作不可数名词时，意思是＂鱼肉＂。 （2）room用作可数名词时意思是＂房间＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂空间；余地＂。 ☞ We had better find a room to live in. 我们最好找个房间住下。 ☞ Can you make room for the old woman, young man? 年轻人，你能给老太太让个地方吗? （3）chicken用作可数名词时意为＂(小)鸡＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂鸡肉＂。 （4）orange用作可数名词时意为＂橘子，橙子＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂橘汁，橙汁＂。 （5）hair用作可数名词时指＂单根的(人或动物的)毛发＂；用作不可数名词时指＂毛发＂的总称。 （6）work用作可数名词时意为＂著作；作品＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂工作；职业＂。 （7）exercise用作可数名词时意为＂练习；作业；体操＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂运动，(体育)锻炼＂。 （8）time用作可数名词时意为＂次数，倍数＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂时间＂。 （9）glass用作可数名词时意为＂玻璃杯＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂玻璃＂。 （10）paper用作可数名词时意为＂考卷，论文，报纸＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂纸，纸张＂。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 1．Mom bought some ________ and vegetables. She also needs to buy two bottles of ________. A．potatos; milk B．potatoes; milks C．potatoes; milk D．potatos; milks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈买了一些土豆和蔬菜。她还需要买两瓶牛奶。 考查名词单复数。potatos拼写错误；milk牛奶，不可数名词，无复数形式；potatoes土豆，复数形式；milks拼写错误。根据“some”可知，第一空应用名词复数，potato的复数形式是potatoes；根据“two bottles of”可知，第二空应用不可数名词milk。故选C。 2．—I want to make stir-fried eggs and tomatoes. ________ sugar do I need? —You need ________ sugar. A．How many; two spoons of B．How much; two spoon of C．How much; two spoons of D．How many; two spoon of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想做西红柿炒鸡蛋。我需要多少糖？ ——你需要两勺糖。 考查不可数名词的询问方式和名词复数用法。How many多少，用于询问可数名词的数量；How much多少/多少钱，用于询问不可数名词的数量或询问价格。第一空，此处询问“糖”的数量，sugar“糖”是不可数名词，应用how much询问不可数名词的数量；第二空，此处指“两勺”，spoon“匙，勺”为可数名词，表示“两勺”时需用复数形式spoons。故选C。 3．Our English teacher gave us some ________ on how to remember new words better. A．suggestion B．suggestions C．idea D．advices 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师就如何更好地记住新单词给了我们一些建议。 考查名词的可数性和单复数形式。suggestion建议，可数名词单数；suggestions建议，可数名词复数；idea想法；advices表达错误。some后需接可数名词复数或不可数名词，suggestion为可数名词，故用复数形式；advice不可数，不能加-s。故选B。 4．—Mum, I’m hungry. —There are ________ on the table. You can have one. A．two apples B．two apple C．an apple D．a apple 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。——桌子上有两个苹果。你可以吃一个。 考查there be句型的主谓一致和名词的单复数形式。two apples是复数形式；two apple中“apple”未用复数形式；an apple为单数形式；a apple冠词使用错误。“There are”后面需接复数名词。故选A。 5．Five international students form our group. Two of them are ________ and three of them are ________. A．Japaneses; Germen B．Japanese; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; German 【答案】C 【详解】句意：五个国际学生组成了我们的小组。其中两个是日本人，三个是德国人。 考查名词复数。Japanese日本人，单复数同形；German德国人，复数为Germans。结合选项可知，C符合。故选C。 6．Su Bingtian became one of ________ in Asia. A．the fastest runner B．the fastest runners C．faster runners D．the faster runners 【答案】B 【详解】句意：苏炳添成为亚洲最快的跑者之一。 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，此处是“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，因此这里应用the fastest runners。故选B。 7．—There ________ no salt at home. Remember to buy ________ this afternoon. —OK, Dad! A．is; two bags of salt B．is; two bag of salt C．are; two bag of salt D．are; two bags of salt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——家里没有盐了。记得今天下午买两袋盐。——好的，爸爸！ 考查there be句型和不可数名词数的表达。第一空，根据“There...no salt at home.”可知，此句是there be句型，表示“有”，be动词的形式遵循“就近原则”，salt是不可数名词，因此be动词用is，故排除C和D；第二空，两袋盐的英文表达为“two bags of salt”，bag是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，salt是不可数名词。故选A。 8．You should put ________ and a cup of yogurt into the blender. A．two teaspoon of sugar B．a teaspoon of sugar C．two teaspoons of sugars D．a teaspoon of sugars 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该往搅拌器里放入一勺糖和一杯酸奶。 考查不可数名词和数量的表达。sugar是不可数名词，表示“一勺糖”时，应用a teaspoon of sugar；选项A中two teaspoon of sugar的teaspoon未用复数形式，错误；选项C和D中sugars使用了复数形式，但sugar不可数，不能加-s，错误。故选B。 9．It will be ________ tomorrow, so there will be a lot of ________ tomorrow. A．rain; rain B．rainy; rain C．rain; rainy D．rainy; rainy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天将会是有雨的，所以明天将会有很多雨。 考查形容词和名词用法。rain动词，下雨；名词，雨水；rainy形容词，有雨的。第一空前有be动词，且根据语境可知，第一空是描述明天的天气情况，所以第一空应该用形容词rainy；根据第二空前的“a lot of”可知，第二空应该用名词rain，意为“很多雨水”。故选B。 10．My mom was carrying some ________ at that time. A．pieces of paper B．piece of paper C．pieces of papers D．pieces paper 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈那时正拿着几张纸。 考查不可数名词数量的表达。paper纸，是不可数名词，故排除C项；piece片，张，是可数名词，前面有some修饰时，piece要用复数形式pieces，pieces of paper几张纸，符合题意。故选A。 11．It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________. A．chicken; vegetable B．chickens; vegetables C．chicken; vegetables D．chickens; vegetable 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到吃午饭的时间了。我想吃一些鸡肉和蔬菜。 考查名词数量表达。chicken鸡肉，不可数名词；vegetable蔬菜，可数名词；chickens名词复数，表示小鸡的复数；vegetables名词复数。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时，是不可数名词，没有复数形式；vegetable是可数名词，some后接可数名词复数形式。故选C。 12．I have a lot of ________ today. I need to finish three difficult ________ before 5 o’clock. A．work; tasks B．tasks; work C．job; tasks D．tasks; job 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我今天有很多工作。我需要在5点前完成三项困难的任务。 考查名词辨析。work工作，不可数名词；tasks任务，可数名词复数；job工作，可数名词。第一空a lot of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，排除C项；第二空three后接可数名词复数，排除B、D两项。故选A。 13．Sailing across the Atlantic is quite ________, but for those who haven’t ________ in sailing, that is very dangerous. A．an experience; many of experiences B．an experience; much experience C．experience; much experience D．experience; many experiences 【答案】B 【详解】句意：横渡大西洋是一次相当不错的经历，但对于那些没有太多航海经验的人来说，那是非常危险的。 考查名词的用法。experience作名词时，意为“经历”时是可数名词，意为“经验”时是不可数名词。根据语境可知，第一空指的是横渡大西洋是一次经历，所以用可数名词形式，且其前加不定冠词an修饰；第二空指的是没有航海经验，所以用不可数名词形式，much修饰不可数名词，符合题意。故选B。 14．Can you give me ________ on it? A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查不可数名词和不定代词。advice“建议”为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除A、B；表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，而any常用于否定和疑问句中。本句为寻求建议的疑问句，符合使用some的情境，故选D。 15．There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ and ________. A．two kilos of pork; three breads B．a few pork; some carrots C．a few tomatoes; two kilos of meat D．two boxes of egg; many beef 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冰箱里什么都没有，让我们去买一些土豆，和两千克肉吧。 考查名词的数量。bread是不可数名词，不能用three修饰，故A选项错误；a few修饰可数名词复数，pork是不可数名词，故B选项错误；“两盒鸡蛋”egg应是复数，且many修饰复数名词，而beef是不可数名词，故D选项错误。故选C。 16．The tourist with great ________ had several exciting ________ during his visit to Africa. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experiences; experience D．experience; experiences 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位经验丰富的游客在非洲之旅中有过几次激动人心的经历。 考查可数名词和不可数名词。experience作可数名词时，意为“经历”；作不可数名词时，意为“经验”。第一空表示“有经验的游客”，因此是experience；第二空表示“令人激动的经历”，several修饰可数名词复数experiences。故选D。 17．Some students in our school hardly take ________, so our head master asks us to do morning ________ every day. A．exercises; exercises B．exercise; exercise C．exercises; exercise D．exercise; exercises 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们学校有些学生几乎不锻炼，所以校长让我们每天做早操。 考查名词的用法。exercise意为“锻炼”时，是不可数名词；作“练习，体操”时，是可数名词。第一个空意为“做锻炼”，用exercise，第二个空表示“做早操”，用复数exercises。故选D。 18．There is some ________ in your drawer. You can correct the mistakes in your ________ on it. A．paper; papers B．papers; papers C．paper; a paper D．papers; paper 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你的抽屉里有一些纸。你可以在上面更正文件中的错误。 考查既可数又不可数的名词。根据“There is”可知句子主语是不可数名词paper“纸”；根据“correct the mistakes in your...”可知是修改文件中的错误，此处是可数名词，用复数papers。故选A。 19．My mother keeps many __________, but she never eats ___________. A．chickens; chicken B．chicken; chicken C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chickens 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的妈妈养着很多鸡，但是她从来不吃鸡肉。 考查名词。chicken是一个名词，可以作“小鸡”，是可数名词；还可以作“鸡肉”，是不可数名词。根据句意可知，第一个空chicken是“小鸡”，且前面有many修饰，应用名词复数；第二个空意为“鸡肉”，没有复数形式。故选A。 20．My grandfather has a farm. And there are many ________ on it. A．sheep B．rabbit C．chicken D．duck 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的祖父有一个农场。农场里许多绵羊。 考查名词的复数形式。sheep绵羊；rabbit兔子；chicken小鸡；duck鸭子。rabbit的复数形式是rabbits；sheep的复数形式与单数形式相同，还是sheep；chicken的复数形式为chickens；duck的复数形式是ducks。句中many表示“很多”，后接可数名词复数形式。故选A。 21．The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems. A．man; tooth B．man; teeth C．men; tooth D．men; teeth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：牙科医生正在帮助人们解决牙齿问题。 考查名词的数。当“man”或“woman”修饰复数名词时，本身需变为复数形式，因此第一空填men；第二空“problems”指人们的牙齿问题，用单数tooth修饰problem。故选C。 22．She ________ hens and pigs with her ________ last Sunday night. A．fed; children B．feed; children C．feed; child D．fed; childs 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她上周日晚上和她的孩子们一起喂了母鸡和猪。 考查动词时态和名词单复数。根据“last Sunday night”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词需要用过去式，故排除B和C。child“孩子”复数形式是“children”表示孩子们，故选A。 23．—What can you see in the picture?     —Ten ________ and 5 ________ as well. A．sheeps; deers B．sheep; deer C．sheeps; deer D．sheep; deers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能在图画中看到什么？——还有十只羊和五只鹿。 考查名词复数。基数词“Ten”和“5”后用可数名词复数，sheep和deer都属于单复数同形的词。故选B。 24．I can see some ________ in the river. A．goose B．gooses C．geese D．geeses 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在河里我能看见一些鹅。 考查名词复数。some加可数名词复数，goose“鹅”，是名词单数，复数是geese。故选C。 25．There are four ________ and two ________ in the group. A．Japanese; Germen B．Japaneses; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; Germans 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这一组有四个日本人和两个德国人。 考查名词复数。Japanese，日本人，可数名词，复数形式为Japanese，单复数同形；German，德国人，可数名词，复数形式为Germans。根据空前four和two的提示可知，两个名词都应用复数形式。故选C。 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Jake always felt lonely when he started his junior high. He wasn’t sure 1 he could make friends. He thought the best way was to be 2 . At lunch, he saw a new boy sitting alone at the table and 3 . “Hey, can I sit here?” he asked. “Sure, I’m Alex,” he 4 with a smile. “I’m Jake. Are you new?” Alex nodded. “Yeah. 5 , I have moved here. I don’t know anybody.” Jake thought this was a good 6 to make a new friend to become popular. “I know how that feels. What 7 do you like?” “Basketball is my thing.” Alex’s face lit up. As they spent time together, Jake found that Alex was a boy with good 8 . He was polite to people around and 9 arguing with others. Little by little, Jake forgot to make 10 popular but started to help around with Alex. One day, Alex was stressed 11 he didn’t play well in the basketball game. Jake listened patiently and told jokes to 12 Alex up. Alex said, “Thanks. I’m so lucky to have a friend 13 you.” Soon, Jake started to volunteer at a local hospital. Jake felt so 14 to be a good friend and help others. He finally learned that the best way to make friends was to think more of others and 15 of himself. People liked him because he was kind, and he never felt lonely again. 1．A．when B．where C．how D．why 2．A．brave B．creative C．popular D．successful 3．A．gave up B．walked over C．looked up D．climbed over 4．A．jumped B．replied C．doubted D．returned 5．A．Finally B．Simply C．Recently D．Suddenly 6．A．chance B．message C．example D．advantage 7．A．food B．music C．colour D．sport 8．A．dreams B．choices C．hobbies D．qualities 9．A．avoided B．enjoyed C．practised D．remembered 10．A．myself B．himself C．herself D．yourself 11．A．but B．and C．because D．although 12．A．fix B．kick C．make D．cheer 13．A．of B．like C．for D．without 14．A．angry B．nervous C．satisfied D．comfortable 15．A．less B．better C．more D．faster 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 【解析】本文讲述了Jake在初中开始时孤独且不知如何交朋友，后来他通过主动结识新同学Alex，两人成为好友。Jake逐渐学会为他人着想，最终不再感到孤独。 1．句意：他不确定自己怎样才能交到朋友。 when何时；where何地；how怎样；why为什么。根据“Jake always felt lonely when he started his junior high.”可知，他刚上初中时总是感到孤独，因此是不确定如何交朋友。故选C。 2．句意：他认为最好的办法就是受欢迎。 brave勇敢的；creative有创造力的；popular受欢迎的；successful成功的。根据下文“Jake forgot to make…popular but started to help around with Alex.”可知，此处指他以为最好的交朋友的方式就是受欢迎。故选C。 3．句意：午餐时，他看到一个新来的男孩独自坐在桌子旁，就走过去。 gave up放弃；walked over走过去；looked up查阅；climbed over爬过去。根据“At lunch, he saw a new boy sitting alone at the table and…”可知，此处指他看到新来的男孩独自坐在桌子旁，于是走过去。故选B。 4．句意：“当然，我是亚历克斯，”他微笑着回答。 jumped跳；replied回答；doubted怀疑；returned返回。根据“Sure, I’m Alex”可知，这是Alex对Jake的回答。故选B。 5．句意：最近，我搬到了这里。我不认识任何人。 Finally最终；Simply仅仅；Recently最近；Suddenly突然。根据“I have moved here. I don’t know anybody.”可知，此处指最近搬到了这里，所以不认识任何人。故选C。 6．句意：杰克认为这是一个结交新朋友并变得受欢迎的好机会。 chance机会；message信息；example例子；advantage优势。根据“Jake thought this was a good…to make a new friend to become popular.”可知，此处指这是一个结交新朋友并变得受欢迎的好机会。故选A。 7．句意：你喜欢什么运动？ food食物；music音乐；colour颜色；sport运动。根据“Basketball is my thing.”可知，此处询问喜欢什么运动。故选D。 8．句意：当他们在一起的时候，杰克发现亚历克斯是一个有良好品质的男孩。 dreams梦想；choices选择；hobbies爱好；qualities品质。根据“He was polite to people around and…arguing with others.”可知，此处指亚历克斯是一个有良好品质的男孩。故选D。 9．句意：他对周围的人很有礼貌，避免和别人争吵。 avoided避免；enjoyed享受；practised练习；remembered记得。根据“He was polite to people around and…arguing with others.”可知，此处指避免和别人争吵。故选A。 10．句意：渐渐地，杰克忘记了让自己受欢迎，而是开始帮助亚历克斯。 myself我自己；himself他自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己。根据“Jake forgot to make…popular but started to help around with Alex.”可知，此处指杰克忘记了让自己受欢迎，make oneself popular“使自己受欢迎”，此处主语是Jake，因此用himself。故选B。 11．句意：有一天，亚历克斯很紧张，因为他在篮球比赛中打得不好。 but但是；and和；because因为；although尽管。根据“Alex was stressed…he didn’t play well in the basketball game.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，因此用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 12．句意：杰克耐心地听着，讲笑话让亚历克斯振作起来。 fix修理；kick踢；make制作；cheer欢呼。根据“Jake listened patiently and told jokes to…Alex up.”可知，此处指讲笑话让亚历克斯振作起来，cheer sb. up“使某人振作起来”。故选D。 13．句意：谢谢你。我很幸运有像你这样的朋友。 of……的；like像；for为了；without没有。根据“I’m so lucky to have a friend…you.”可知，此处指有像你这样的朋友。故选B。 14．句意：杰克很满意能成为一个好朋友并帮助别人。 angry生气的；nervous紧张的；satisfied满意的；comfortable舒服的。根据“Jake felt so…to be a good friend and help others.”可知，此处指杰克很满意能成为一个好朋友并帮助别人。故选C。 15．句意：他终于明白，交朋友的最好方法是多为别人着想，少为自己着想。 less更少；better更好；more更多；faster更快。根据“He finally learned that the best way to make friends was to think more of others and…of himself.”可知，此处指多为别人着想，少为自己着想。故选A。 二、阅读理解 A “Oh, dear! I can hardly remember the first time we ate at this restaurant,” said Sari Hausler to her husband. “I can.” said their son Jake, “January 19th, 2018. It was a Saturday night.” Jake is only fifteen years old. However, he has better memories than most people would have in ten lifetimes. He remembers the results of every football game he has watched. Gracie, their pet dog, he says, has hit (打) him with her tail 31 times. He can also tell you where every item (商品)in the nearby supermarket is. But it’s not always a good thing. For example, Jake can’t forget the mistakes he’s made. ________ Another problem is that Jake’s teachers don’t like him. They call the boy a “know-it-all”. In class, when the teacher asks about a fact, Jake is always the first to give the answer. “I try to keep quiet. However, sometimes I just can’t help but do it.” the boy says. Although remembering so much information brings him trouble, Jake likes his superpower. “A super memory is cool, isn’t it?” he says. 16．What can Jake NOT remember? A．When his parents first met each other. B．Where every item in the nearby supermarket is. C．How many times Gracie has hit him. D．What mistakes he has ever made before. 17．Which sentence can be put in ________. A．He hates his good memory so much. B．He feels sorry about them and often gets unhappy. C．He doesn’t know why he always makes so many mistakes. D．While he can’t remember good things he did. 18．What can we learn from the passage? A．Jake began to show his superpower when he was fifteen. B．It might be very hard for Jake to forget bad memories. C．Jake’s teachers dislike him because he knows more than them. D．Jake sometimes has a poor memory and needs others’ help. 19．What might Jake think of his special talent? A．Boring and useless. B．Natural and common. C．Magic but scary. D．Troublesome but cool. 20．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Happy memories in Jake’s life. B．A “know-it-all” trouble. C．A boy’s unusual memory. D．How to own better memories. 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．B 19．D 20．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了15岁的Jake拥有超强记忆力，能记住很多细节，但也忘不了自己犯的错，这让他被老师当作“万事通”而不被喜欢；尽管超强记忆带来了麻烦，Jake仍觉得这项能力很酷。 16．细节理解题。根据“Gracie, their pet dog, he says, has hit (打) him with her tail 31 times”可知Jake记得宠物狗尾巴打他的次数,“He can also tell you where every item(商品) in the nearby supermarket is.”Jake记得超市商品的位置，“Jake can’t forget the mistakes he’s made.”Jake记得他曾经犯过的错误，只有A选项“父母第一次见面的时间”没有提到。故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据“Jake can’t forget the mistakes he’s made. ”和“Jake’s teachers don’t like him”，可推断“他总记着这些错误，经常感到不开心”，这既承接了“忘不了错误”的内容，也能引出后文“老师不喜欢他”的问题。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据“Jake can’t forget the mistakes he’s made”可知他很难忘记不好的记忆，故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据“Although remembering so much information brings him trouble, Jake likes his superpower. ‘A super memory is cool, isn’t it?’ ”可知，他认为这项能力“麻烦但很酷”。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。文章围绕15岁男孩Jake的“超强记忆力”展开，介绍了这项能力的表现、带来的影响。故选C。 B 阅读短文及文后的A~F选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Life is not perfect. It never has been and never will be. We often complain (抱怨) about the weather, the traffic, and the dying flowers in our yard. We complain about boring soap operas, lost keys, and late planes. 21 Here are some useful steps to help you complain less: Know the importance of accepting the change. 22 If we have a choice, most of us would not like to waste our life with our complaining words. 23 Life is not always going to be like what we expect. There will always be trouble. And the sooner we accept the real world around us, the sooner we can embrace the fact that our contribution (贡献) is far more needed than our pleasure. Don’t begin conversations with a complaint. Often, when we talk with a complaint, we’ll begin complaining for a long time too. So, try not to begin conversations with a complaint. 24 Notice your triggers (起因). 25 Morning, evening, or late afternoon? When you are drinking coffee or lunch with your friends? Maybe it is around the dinner table with your family? Take notice. Then, avoid triggers if possible. Complaining is always meaningless in our lives. We will live more happily without it. Look forward! Let’s embrace the lovely world! A．Can any complaint help solve the problem? B．Understand the real world which is not perfect. C．How can we begin to change the habit of complaining? D．Is there a time of the day you want to complain more than others? E．And try showing your happiness to others with your opening words instead. F．Many of us complain only because we never considered there may be a better way. 【答案】21．C 22．F 23．B 24．E 25．D 【解析】本文主要探讨了生活中抱怨行为的无意义性，并提出了减少抱怨的实用建议。 21．根据前文“We often complain (抱怨) about the weather, the traffic, and the dying flowers in our yard. We complain about boring soap operas, lost keys, and late planes.”和后文“Here are some useful steps to help you complain less”可知，此处需要承上启下的过渡句。选项C“我们该如何开始改掉抱怨的习惯？”既承接前文对抱怨现象的列举，又引出后文的解决步骤，符合语境，故选C。 22．根据前文“Know the importance of accepting the change.”和后文“If we have a choice, most of us would not like to waste our life with our complaining words.”可知，此处需补充“接受变化”的具体内容。选项F“我们很多人抱怨，只是因为从未想过或许还有更好的办法。”与后文“主动选择不浪费生命抱怨”形成对比，体现改变思维的重要性，符合语境，故选F。 23．根据后文“Life is not always going to be like what we expect...the sooner we accept the real world around us, the sooner we can embrace the fact...”可知，此处需呼应“接受现实世界”的主题。选项B“要明白，现实世界本就不完美。”直接对应后文“接受现实世界”的论述，且与“生活不会总如预期”形成因果关系，符合语境，故选B。 24．根据前文“So, try not to begin conversations with a complaint.”可知，此处需给出替代抱怨的积极建议。选项E“不如试着用开场白向别人展示你的快乐。”与“避免以抱怨开头”形成完美解决方案，且“instead”体现转折关系，符合语境，故选E。 25．根据前文“Notice your triggers (起因).”和后文“Morning, evening, or late afternoon?”可知，此处需引出对抱怨时段的提问。选项D“一天当中，有没有某个时刻你会比其他时候更想抱怨？”符合语境，故选D。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hello! I am Jerry. I am 26 11-year-old boy. I like dumplings very much. Do you like dumplings? The dumpling is one of the 27 (traditional) foods in China. The people in a family often get together to make dumplings on New Year’s Eve. Yesterday I 28 (decide) to make this delicious food for my family. First, some meat, one cabbage and one carrot were necessary. Second, to go with the dumpling filling (馅), my mum taught me to cut 29 the meat and vegetables so that I could 30 (easy) make the dumpling filling with those pieces by adding some salt and pepper. Third, I put the finished flavourful 31 (mix) in a bowl. Fourth, I started making the dough, which turned out 32 (soft) than I expected after kneading (揉) it thoroughly (彻底). Fifth, I cut the dough into small pieces 33 made them into round ones. Sixth, I put the filling in the centre of a dumpling wrapper one by one, and then folded them up. Finally, I put the dumplings into the pot and cook them for a few minutes. In this way, I cooked delicious dumplings by 34 (my). I find it an interesting experience 35 (make) dumplings. 【答案】 26．an 27．most traditional 28．decided 29．up 30．easily 31．mixture 32．softer 33．and 34．myself 35．to make 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了11岁的Jerry非常喜欢饺子，在除夕夜和家人一起包饺子，他记录了自己独立制作饺子的过程，认为这是一次有趣的体验。 26．句意：我是一个11岁的男孩。根据“I am…11-year-old boy.”可知，“11-year-old”是以元音音素开头的单词，前面需用不定冠词“an”表示“一个”。故填an。 27．句意：饺子是中国最传统的食物之一。根据“The dumpling is one of the…foods in China.”可知，“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，“traditional”的最高级是“most traditional”。故填most traditional。 28．句意：昨天我决定为我的家人做这种美味的食物。根据“Yesterday I…to make this delicious food for my family.”可知，“Yesterday”表示过去时间，动词“decide”需用过去式“decided”。故填decided。 29．句意：第二，为了准备饺子馅，我妈妈教我把肉和蔬菜切碎，这样我就能轻松地用这些碎块加一些盐和胡椒粉做饺子馅了。根据“my mum taught me to cut…the meat and vegetables”可知，“cut up”是固定短语，意为“切碎”，符合制作饺子馅的步骤。故填up。 30．句意：第二，为了准备饺子馅，我妈妈教我把肉和蔬菜切碎，这样我就能轻松地用这些碎块加一些盐和胡椒粉做饺子馅了。根据“so that I could…make the dumpling filling”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词“make”，“easy”的副词形式是“easily”。故填easily。 31．句意：第三，我把做好的美味混合物（馅料）放进一个碗里。根据“put the finished flavourful…in a bowl”可知，前文提到的“dumpling filling”是一种“混合物”，“flavourful”是形容词，后接名词，“mix”的名词形式是“mixture（混合物）”。故填mixture。 32．句意：第四，我开始和面，彻底揉面后，面团比我预期的更软。根据“which turned out…than I expected”可知，“than”提示用形容词比较级，“soft”的比较级是“softer”。故填softer。 33．句意：第五，我把面团切成小块，然后把它们做成圆形。根据“I cut the dough into small pieces…made them into round ones”可知，前后动作是顺承关系，用连词“and”连接。故填and。 34．句意：就这样，我自己做了美味的饺子。根据“I cooked delicious dumplings by…”可知，“by oneself”是固定短语，意为“独自”，“my”对应的反身代词是“myself”。故填myself。 35．句意：我发现包饺子是一次有趣的体验。根据“I find it an interesting experience…dumplings.”可知，“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式“to make”。故填to make。 阅读语篇，用自己的语言概括并补全概要中所缺信息，在空白处填入一个恰当的词块或句子。 Are your parents often angry with you? Or do you always disagree (不同意) with your parents? Maybe the relationships (关系) between you and them are terrible. Do you want to improve the situations? If so, you can think about the following ways. Respect (尊重). It’s important to show your respect and care about your parents’ feelings. Though you have disagreements, at least try to know about whatever they are trying to tell you. You shouldn’t keep your own thoughts only. Communication (交流). You can communicate with your parents. You may not get what you want, but explaining your thoughts in a calm way may help work out the problem. Trust (信任). How can your parents build trust in you? It depends on what you do. For example, if you get home late without calling first, next time your parents may not believe you. To win their trust, you should pay attention to the ways you do things. Spend time together (共度时光). Some teenagers find that sharing time together can improve their relationships with parents. Your parents may be interested in going shopping, hanging out and playing cards with you. So you should spend time with your parents. And it will drive away the “black cloud” hanging over your home. Your parents give all their love to you. Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want? If you always have disagreements with parents, your relationships may be terrible. But here are several ways to help you 1 . First, show them respect by 2 instead of only keeping your own thoughts. Second, 3 . Third, do some things to 4 . Finally, spend time with them. You will have a happy family if you try these ways actively. 【答案】1．improve the relationships between you and your parents 2．trying to know about their thoughts/trying to know about whatever they are trying to tell you 2．communicate with your parents and explain your thoughts in a calm way 4．win your parents’ trust 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了改善与父母紧张关系的几种方法，帮助读者拥有更和睦的家庭氛围。 36．根据第一段“Do you want to improve the situations? If so, you can think about the following ways.”可知，这些方法是帮助改善和父母的关系。故填improve the relationships between you and your parents。 37．根据第二段“Though you have disagreements, at least try to know about whatever they are trying to tell you. You shouldn’t keep your own thoughts only.”可知，尊重父母需要了解他们的想法而非只坚持自己的想法。故填trying to know about their thoughts/trying to know about whatever they are trying to tell you。 38．根据第三段“You can communicate with your parents…explaining your thoughts in a calm way may help work out the problem.”可知，第二种方法是和父母沟通，平静地解释自己的想法。故填communicate with your parents and explain your thoughts in a calm way。 39．根据第四段“To win their trust, you should pay attention to the ways you do things.”可知，第三种方法是通过做事的方式赢得父母的信任。故填win your parents’ trust。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $