Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦重点词汇（含基础词如penicillin及拓展词如surround的词性转换）、核心短语（如by accident）、经典句型（as引导的非限制性定语从句）及动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾补的语法规则，通过词汇拓展、语境练习、语法解析构建语言能力学习支架。 资料亮点在于“即学活用”与“对点集训”设计，结合语境实例（如surround的填空练习、as从句转换）提升语言能力，通过对比分析（as与which的区别）培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后练习题助力学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，符合学习能力培养要求。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills [对应学生用书P88] Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．penicillin n.青霉素，盘尼西林 2．mould n.霉菌；模具；类型 vt.浇铸；塑造 3．bacteria n. (sing.bacterium)细菌 4．accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 5．lightning n.闪电 6．theory n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见 7．thunderstorm n. 雷雨，雷暴 8．ribbon n.带子，丝带；带状物 9．metal n.金属 10．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 11．standout adj.突出的 n.突出的人(或物) 拓展单词 12．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.附近的；四周的→surroundings n.[pl.]环境；周围的事物 13．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n.表明；象征 14．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.智力，智慧；悟性 15．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourite adj. 最喜欢的 16．politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→political adj.政治(上)的；对政治感兴趣的→policy n.政策，方针 17．electricity n.电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→electrical adj.电的；与电有关的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．by accident偶然，意外地 2．make...into...把……制成…… 3．catch the attention of引起某人的注意 4．work out锻炼；进展；解决(问题)；计算出 5．go through通过，穿过；经受，经历，检查 6．put forward 提出，提议；将……提前 7．aim to do sth旨在做某事，力争做某事 8．show off显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄 9．with great interest非常有趣地 10．get a taste of亲身感受 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易·巴斯德所说：“运气眷顾有准备的人。” 2．Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined． 然后他将一把金属钥匙系在丝带和风筝线相连的地方。 3．However，some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment，arguing that if he had really done it，he would have received a deadly electric shock． 然而，有些人质疑他是否真的做了这个实验，他们争论说，如果他真的做了，他会受到致命的电击。 [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P89] 1．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围 (1)be surrounded by/with...　被……环绕/包围 (2)surrounding adj.　周围的，附近的 (3)surroundings n.[pl.]　环境 in...surroundings　在……环境中 Our house is surrounded by/with trees，so we can enjoy their shade in summer. 我们的房子被树木环绕，所以夏天我们可以在树荫下乘凉。 Surrounded by a thick forest，the ancient city hadn't been discovered until the 1990s. 由于被茂密的森林环绕，这座古城直到20世纪90年代才被发现。 The house surrounded by the police belongs to a rich man. 这座被警察包围了的房子属于一个有钱人。 [名师点津]　surrounded by/with可在句中作状语、定语或宾语补足语，surround与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 [即学活用] 用surround的适当形式填空 ①He likes to live in the surroundings which are quiet and beautiful.So last month he bought a big new house in the countryside，which is surrounded by many big trees.The surrounding scenery is also very nice.He is very satisfied with the new house. ②The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence. ③Surrounded by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain，it is a famous tourist attraction. 2．by accident 偶然，意外地 (1)表示“偶然，意外地”的词语还有accidentally，casually，by chance。 (2)表示“有意地，故意地”的词语有by design，on purpose。 Be sure to remember that success in your life doesn't happen by accident；it's actually the result of your hard work. 切记你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力的结果。 I found the long lost wedding ring by accident when I was cleaning the room. 我在打扫房间时，意外地发现了这枚丢失很久的婚戒。 I got this English-Chinese Dictionary by chance at a second-hand bookshop. 我碰巧在一家旧书店里买到了这本《英汉词典》。 I sincerely regret that I have hurt your feelings，but I didn't do it on purpose.我由衷地后悔伤害了你的感情，不过我不是故意这样做的。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends by accident but I'm sure you don't hurt them on purpose. ②Do you think that he didn't turn up by accident/by chance or by design/on purpose? 你认为他没有露面纯属巧合还是有心为之？ 3．favour vt.较喜欢；有利于 n.[C]恩惠，帮助；[U]赞同，支持 (1)do sb a favour　帮某人的忙 (2)ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb　请求某人帮忙 (3)in favour of　赞成，支持 (4)in one's favour　对某人有利 (5)favourable adj.　赞同的；有利的 (6)favourite adj.　特别受喜爱的 She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.她总觉得父母偏爱弟弟。 The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 Could you do me a favour—would you feed my cat this weekend? 你能帮我个忙——这周末帮我喂猫吗？ I am in favour of exercise，but it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 我赞成运动，但是在就寝之前运动绝不是一个好主意。 This applicant has a lot in her favour，especially her experience of teaching. 这位求职者有很多优势，尤其是她执教的经历。 The disease spreads quickly under favourable conditions. 这种病在合适的条件下会传播得很快。 [名师点津]　“favourable adj. 特别受喜爱的”没有比较级和最高级。 [即学活用] 用favour的相关短语完成句子 ①How is everything going? I am writing to ask you to do me a favour (帮我个忙). ②They were excited because the score was 3－1 in their favour (对他们有利). ③A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favour of (支持) the proposal for health care reform. ④The deep，gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favour of (请求……帮忙) the President of the United States was no casual matter，especially for a seventeen-year-old girl. 4．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费，要价n.[C，U]要价，收费vt.& n.[C，U]控告；指控；n.[U]掌管，主管 (1)charge...for...　因……向……收费 charge for...　收……的费用 free of charge (＝for free)　免费 (2)charge sb with (doing) sth ＝accuse sb of (doing) sth　控告/指控某人(做)某事 on a charge (of sth)　(因某事)被指控 (3)in charge　负责 in charge of...　主管/负责……(表状态，主语通常为人) in the charge of sb　由某人掌管(主语通常为物) take charge of...　掌管/负责……(表动作) It's not working—I don't think the battery is charging. 这不管用——我觉得电池没有在充电。 I wonder how much you charge for your service.我想知道你们收取多少服务费。 The restaurant charged us 400 yuan for the wine.这家餐厅收了我们400元的酒水钱。 If you buy this machine，the delivery will be free of charge. 如果你买这台机器，我们将免费送货。 The newspaper charged her with using the company's money for her own purposes. 这家报社指控她将公司的钱挪作私用。 I'm not in charge of the project.Mr Brown is the person in charge. 我不负责这个工程。布朗先生是负责人。 [即学活用] 判断下列句子中的charge的词性和含义/单句语法填空/结合charge的用法完成句子 ①The restaurant has a minimum charge of $50 per person，so the four of us need to pay at least $200.n.收费 ②If your card has been lost，a fee of ￡5 is charged for the production of a replacement card.vt.收费，要价 ③The phone won't work if it isn't charged.vt.充电 ④Two men have been charged in connection with the attack.vt.控告，指控 ⑤We won't charge customers for on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi. ⑥The court charged him with carrying dangerous products. ⑦Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you.Your replacement card will be produced free of charge. ⑧The operation was in the charge of an expert from Beijing. 这台手术由一位来自北京的专家负责做的。 ⑨The company was badly operated before she took charge of/was in charge of it. 在她负责之前，公司运营得很糟糕。 [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P92] (教材P48)As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易·巴斯德所说：“运气眷顾有准备的人。” [句式分析]　 句中“As Louis Pasteur said”为定语从句。 (1)as用作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，as在从句中作宾语或主语，从句的位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。 (2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配： as is well known to all(＝as we all know) 众所周知 as you can see 正如你所看见的 as everybody knows 正如每个人所了解的那样 as is reported 如报道所说 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is supposed 如所料想的 as is hoped 正如所希望的 as has been said before 如前所述 As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.” 正如维克多·雨果曾说：“笑声如暖阳，驱走人们脸上的寒冷冬意。”(As在从句中作宾语，指代的是“Laughter is...the human face”) As is well known to all，the famous American writer，Mark Twain，wrote many humorous stories. 众所周知，著名的美国作家马克·吐温写了很多幽默的故事。(As在从句中作主语，指代的是“the famous American writer...stories”) As we all know，Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer. 众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。 [名师点津]　as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词 意义 先行词 从句位置 as 正如，就像 整个主句 句首、句中或句末 which 这一点，这/那 名词、名词性短语或整个主句 句中或句末 She is very patient，as is shown in her work. 她很有耐心，正如她在工作中表现出来的那样。 He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true. 他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les. ②She and her family bicycle to work，which helps them keep fit. ③As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. ④As is well known to all，light travels faster than sound. ⑤As we all know/As is well known to all，eating at home is much healthier and less costly than eating in a restaurant. 众所周知，在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭健康得多，也更便宜。 ⑥As is hoped，Mary has won first prize. 正如所希望的那样，玛丽获得了一等奖。 ⑦As you can see，the children are really encouraged，and they are also enthusiastic about reading all these books. 正如你所看到的，孩子们很受激励，也满怀热情地去阅读所有这些书。 [对应学生用书P93] 动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 一、概念 动词-ed形式是动词的一种非限定形式，由动词done构成。具有形容词，副词的作用，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语或宾语补足语。 二、语法规则 (一)作定语 及物动词的-ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的-ed形式仅仅表示完成。 1．前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 He is a respected teacher in our school. 在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。 2．后置定语 动词-ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。 This is a letter written in blue ink. 这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。 [名师点津]　(1)如果被修饰词是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的动词-ed形式作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。 There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago. 自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 (2)有时为了强调还可将单个的动词-ed形式置于被修饰的名词之后。 They decided to change the material used. 他们决定改变所用的材料。 (3)动词-ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。 The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained) will be of great value to us. 获得的经验将对我们很有价值。 The suggestion sent to the committee(＝which/that had been sent to the committee)was adopted. 呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。 [对点集训1] 单句语法填空 ①Because of pollution，the caught(catch)fish were not fit to eat. ②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students. ③The book，written(write)by Lu Xun，is popular with many Chinese people. ④Do you remember the problems discussed(discuss) at the last meeting? (二)作状语 动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。 1．作时间状语 When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or“It's kind of you”． 当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。 2．作原因状语 Praised in class，Anne felt happy. 在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。 3．作条件状语 If taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effects. 如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。 4．作伴随状语 The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。 [名师点津]　动词-ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。 [对点集训2] 单句语法填空 ①Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star. ②Approached(approach)in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired. ③The lady returned home，followed(follow)by Holmes. (三)作宾语补足语 作宾补的多是及物动词-ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。 1．以下两类动词后可接动词-ed形式作宾补 (1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice，think等。 ①I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 ②He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 (2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。 ③I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 2．动词-ed形式作宾补表示的意义 (1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lost表示的动作显然先于谓语动词found。 (2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull out his tooth是动宾关系。 [名师点津]　(1)使役动词have接动词-ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况： ①动词-ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。 He had his money stolen. 他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了) ②动词-ed形式表示句子主语的经历。 He had his leg broken. 他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历) (2)在with/without复合结构中也可用动词-ed形式作宾补。 With this sum added，we will have enough money for the trip. 如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。 [对点集训3] 完成句子 ①The villagers had many trees planted then. 村民们那时种了很多树。 ②However tired I am，I must get the work finished． 无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完。 ③She still couldn't make herself understood in English. 她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。 ④She saw the thief caught by policemen. 她看见小偷被警察抓住了。 [对应学生用书P95] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．In the 1970s，the Chinese made a great discovery(discover)，which later saved millions of people. 2．We students have a medical(medicine) examination twice every year. 3．This book is what I was looking for all the time. 4．And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears. 5．The light is still on in his office.Perhaps he is working (work) on the new plan. 6．The teachers are making every effort to get the students prepared (prepare) for the coming examinations. 7．He invited some scientists who are interested in his research. 8．The telephone is considered to be one of the most useful inventions. 9．Since he left the village，he has worked in Shenzhen for 30 years. 10．He has bought a new computer and has found many of its(it) new functions. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．A healthy diet is considered to be the most important factor for health. 健康饮食被认为是最重要的健康因素。 2．A happy life is what everyone tries to seek after all over the world. 幸福生活是全世界每个人所追求(seek after)的。 3．A fine craftman can make a piece of wood into an excllent art work. 优秀的工匠能把一块木头做成一件优秀的艺术品。 4．These signs before the earthquake didn't catch the attention of people in the city. 这些地震前兆并未引起这座城市市民的注意。 5．It is easy to make a change in life style，but difficult to have it accepted by others. 在生活方式上做些改变不难，难的是让别人接受它。 6．The police questioned whether the thief was familiar to the family. 警方怀疑小偷是否与这家人熟悉。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $