Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义围绕“改变世界的科学家”主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如scientific, breakthrough）、语法结构（一般过去时、现在完成时、定语从句）及阅读理解技能（概括复述科学家事迹），并通过词汇拓展（如survival-survive-survivor词性转换）和短语（refer to, pay off）搭建学习支架。 以屠呦呦事迹为阅读载体，融合语言能力（词汇语法在语境中应用）与文化意识（科学无国界、科学家贡献精神），通过词汇分层讲解、句型分析（过去分词作状语、with复合结构）培养思维品质（逻辑与批判性思维），课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生知识整合与查漏补缺。

[对应学生用书P80] 1．语言能力 (1)能够掌握本单元关于“改变世界的科学家”主题的核心词汇和短语，如“scientific，breakthrough，theory，contribution”等，并能正确运用在口语和写作中。 (2)学会运用一般过去时、现在完成时等时态描述科学家的生平事迹和科研成就，熟练掌握定语从句、宾语从句等语法结构在介绍科学家相关信息时的运用，提升语言表达的准确性和流畅性。 (3)能够准确理解关于科学家故事的各类文本，包括新闻报道、人物传记等，抓住关键信息和细节，提高阅读理解能力，并能用英语对文章内容进行概括和复述。 2．文化意识 (1)通过学习科学家的故事，了解不同国家和文化背景下科学家的研究历程和成就，认识到科学是无国界的，培养尊重不同文化的科学精神和创新思维。 (2)体会科学家们为推动人类进步所做出的巨大贡献，以及科学研究对社会发展和文化传承的重要意义，加强对科学文化的认同感和敬畏感。 3．思维品质 (1)培养批判性思维，能够对科学家的研究方法、科研成果的影响等进行分析和评价，形成自己的观点和见解，提高逻辑思维能力。 (2)通过对科学家成功因素的探讨，学会从多角度思考问题，培养创新思维和解决问题的能力，激发学生对科学研究的兴趣和探索精神。 4．学习能力 (1)学会运用多种学习策略，如查阅资料、小组合作、思维导图等，自主学习和探索关于科学家的知识，提高自主学习能力和合作学习能力。 (2)培养总结归纳知识的能力，能够将所学的关于科学家的语言知识和文化知识进行整合，构建知识体系，提高学习效率。 SectionⅠ　Welcome to the unit & Reading [对应学生用书P81] Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 2．province n.省份 3．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的，开阔的 4．experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做实验，进行实验；尝试 5．trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验，测试 vi.&vt.测试，试验 6．household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家庭 7．postpone vt. 延迟，延期 8．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 9．conduct v. 组织；指挥；引导 拓展单词 10．survival n.生存，存活，残存物，幸存事物→survive v. 幸存，存活→survivor n.幸存者 11．intend v. 想要，计划，意指→intention n.计划，企图 12．refer v. 查阅，参考，提到，谈及→reference n.参考 13．contain v. 包含，容纳→container n.容器；货柜，集装箱 14．wisdom n.智慧，聪明 →wise adj.聪明的，有智慧的，明智的→wisely adv.聪明地，明智地 15．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit v. 受益，得益；有益于 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．the discovery of ……的发现 2．the chance of 做……的机会 3．intend to do想干…… 4．refer to查阅；参考；提及 5．pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 6．be beneficial to对……有益，有益于…… 7．be awarded for因……而受到奖励 8．thanks to由于，因为，幸亏 9．a knowledge of对……的了解 10．day and night日日夜夜，夜以继日 11．give up放弃 12．speed up(使)加速 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 屠呦呦于1930年出生于浙江省宁波市，于1951至1955年在北京学医。 2．However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 但是，由于研究资源的限制，生产满足大型试验所需的青蒿提取物非常困难。 3．Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，however，they still faced another problem. 可是，即使生产出大量青蒿提取物，他们依然面临另一个问题。 [对应学生用书P82] Ⅰ.Scan the text and match the main idea with each paragraph. A．Tu did research on malaria. B．Tu and her team met with difficulties but they stuck to it. C．Tu and her team found a solution to treat malaria. D．Tu and her team tested the medicine on themselves. E．Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize. F．Tu acquired a knowledge of Chinese and Western medicine. 1．Para.1　E　2.Para.2　F　3.Para.3　A 4．Para.4　B　5.Para.5　D　6.Para.6　C Ⅱ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What's the main idea of the whole passage? A．Qinghaosu，a pure，stronger qinghao extract. B．Tu Youyou，the first female Chinese Nobel Prize winner. C．Tu Youyou's contribution to the traditional Chinese medicine. D．Solutions to the problems that Tu and her team met with in extracting qinghaosu. 2．What's Tu Youyou's major at university? A．Science and nature. B．Agriculture. C．Chinese medicine.　 D．Chemistry. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Tu Youyou only knows the traditional Chinese medicine. B．Tu and her team discovered qinghaosu easily and smoothly. C．Qinghaosu was discovered after many difficulties. D．Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize as soon as qinghaosu was discovered. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．All sufferings have their reward. B．There is no royal road to learning. C．A man becomes learned by asking questions. D．It is never too old to learn. 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．Fashion magazine. B．Travel brochure. C．Medicine report. D．A news report in a newspaper. 答案　1－5 BCCAD Ⅲ.Complete the passage according to the text. Tu Youyou was born in 1930 in Ningbo and 1.studied (study)medicine in Beijing.In the 1960s，many people were 2.infected(infect) with malaria and many died 3.of it.Tu decided to do research and find 4.a cure for malaria.She collected over 2，000 Chinese recipes for 5.treatment(treat) and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.6.Besides，she referred to ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine.In spite of the difficulties，she managed 7.to make (make) a qinghaosu extract and tested it on herself.In November，1972，she succeeded in 8.isolating(isolate) a pure，stronger qinghaosu，having benefited about 200 million people ever 9.since.In 2015，Tu Youyou 10.was awarded(award) the Nobel Prize for her work. [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P83] 1．survival n.生存，存活，残存物，幸存事物 survive vt.　比……活得长；(经过……) 　vi.　活下来；幸存；残留 survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)　从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生还 survive on　靠……维持生活；靠……存活下来 survivor n.　幸存者，死里逃生的人 Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们生存下去的唯一的方法就是和自然和谐相处。 She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks. 她咳嗽得厉害，甚至喘不过气来，几乎不能扛过前几周。 [名师点津]　survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary. ②The little boy was the only one surviving(survive) the earthquake in his village，and the government sent him to a city school after that. ③Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. 2．intend vt.想要；打算 intend to do/doing　打算做…… intend sb to do sth　打算让某人做某事 　专供……使用；专为……设计 intention n.　意图，目的 Tom intended to study abroad. 汤姆打算出国学习。 If I've hurt your feelings，it was quite without intention. 如果我伤害了你的感情，那完全是无意的。 [名师点津]　intend的特殊用法：had intended to do sth或intended to have done sth表示“本打算做某事(但没有)”。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①These books are intended for children only. 这些书是专门给孩子们使用的。 ②I fully intended to pay for the damage. 我确实诚心想赔偿损失。 ③The posts are intended for the laid-off workers. 这些职位是为下岗工人准备的。 ④I had intended to watch the game，but I had something more important to do. 我本打算看这场比赛，但我还有更重要的事要做。 3．refer to提到；谈到；参考；涉及 reference n.　提到；查阅；参考书目；推荐信；介绍人 refer sb to...　将……送交给…… refer to...as...　将……称为…… in/with reference to　关于 without reference to　不考虑；不顾 Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。 The fighter referred to his experiences during The Long March. 那个战士提到他在长征中的经历。 The new law does not refer to the land used for farming. 这项新法律不涉及农业用地。 If you don't know what it means，refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道它的意思，可以查字典。 People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village of China. 人们把婺源称为中国最美的乡村。 I have nothing to say in reference to that incident. 关于那次事件，我无可奉告。 She issued all these invitations without reference to her boss. 她未请示老板就把所有这些请柬都发了出去。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①On World AIDS Day，the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems referred (refer) to be paid special attention to. ②You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer). ③The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring (refer) to his notes. ④My previous boss will act as a reference for me． 我的前任上司将做我的推荐人。 ⑤The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到全球气候变暖。 4．postpone vt.推迟；延期 postpone...to/till/until...　把……推迟到…… postpone doing sth　推迟做某事 We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。 The ball game was postponed until the next Sunday because of the rain. 球赛因下雨延期到下个星期天。 The party was postponed until 8 o'clock. 聚会推迟到了8点。 It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital. 延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。 [名师点津]　postpone后可接名词、代词和动名词作宾语，但不接不定式作宾语。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information. 让我们在获取更多情报之后再做决定。 ②The match was postponed to/till/until the following Saturday because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好而延期到下星期六进行。 5．speed up加速 at high/low/full/top speed　以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of...　以……速度 reduce speed＝slow down　减速 pick up speed　逐渐加速 Modern inventions have speeded up people's lives amazingly. 现代发明大大加快了人们的生活节奏。 [名师点津]　常考的“动词＋up”的短语：hold up举起，耽搁，延迟；keep up 保持，维持；set up 建造，创立；bring up 教育，培养；build up逐步建立；turn up出现，露面；clear up 整理，收拾，(天空)放晴。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They are broadening the bridge to speed (speed) up the flow of traffic. ②After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. ③Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. 显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。 6．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 pay for sth　付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价 pay sb for sth　因某事物给某人报酬 pay back　偿还(欠款)；报复；回报 What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts. 使他高兴的是经过这些年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. ②That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. ③I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. ④When I passed the exams of all the subjects I did feel that my efforts paid off． 当我顺利地完成了所有科目考试的时候，我的确感到我的努力得到了回报。 7．explore vt.探险，探测；探究 explorer n.　探险者；勘探者；浏览器 exploration n.　勘探，考察；研究，探究 ...we explore historical monuments and architecture. ……我们探索历史遗迹和建筑。 The experts are exploring every part of the island. 专家们正在勘查这个岛的各个部分。 They launched rockets to explore space. 他们发射火箭以探测太空。 Click the Internet Explorer and we'll get the whole world at our feet. 点击“互联网浏览器”，整个世界就在我们的脚下了。 The North Sea has been an important center for oil exploration. 北海已经成为了一个石油勘探的重心。 [即学活用] 用explore的适当形式填空 ①In 1535，King of France ordered a navigator(航海家)named Jacques Cartier to explore the New World and search for a passage to India. ②Zheng He was a great explorer who was famous around the world. ③These new discoveries have broken new ground in the exploration of the universe. 8．beneficial adj.有益的，有利的 be beneficial to...＝be of benefit to...　对……有益 benefit v.　有利于，对……有益 　n.　益处，好处 benefit from/by　从……中获益；得益于 for the benefit of sb ＝for one's benefit　为了某人的利益 bring benefit to　给……带来好处，有益于 be of (great) benefit to sb　对某人有益 Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running. 竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处。 A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. 大学教育对个人而言，其益处是巨大而直接的。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①Many of the things we now benefit from/by would not be around but for Thomas Edison. ②China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens. ③Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial (benefit) character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it. ④这本新《英汉词典》对你学习英语很有益处。 a．(普通表达)This new English-Chinese dictionary will be very useful to your English learning. b．(高级表达)This new English-Chinese dictionary will be of great benefit to your English learning. c．(高级表达)This new English-Chinese dictionary will be very beneficial to your English learning. [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P86] 1．(教材P44)Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 屠呦呦于1930年出生于浙江省宁波市，于1951至1955年在北京学医。 [句式分析] Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province为过去分词短语，在句中作状语。 (1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，表示被动或完成； (2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致； (3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。 特别提示：过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until，once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。 Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached. 由于缺少新鲜空气，我感到头痛。 They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The 80，000 objects collected (collect) by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. ②Once published (publish)，the dictionary will be very popular. ③Given (give) another hour，I can also work out this problem. ④The old man got on the bus，supported by a girl． 在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。 2．(教材P45)Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，however，they still faced another problem.可是，即使生产出大量青蒿素提取物，他们依然面临另一个问题。 [句式分析] with large amounts of qinghao extract produced为with的复合结构，在句中作状语。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。 (1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动、进行) (3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动、完成) (4)with＋宾语＋to do(表示未做) With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独)，more families are choosing to live together. 由于年轻人离不开家，老年人独自居住又孤独，所以更多家庭选择住在一起。 Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average. 去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68 ℃。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/用with复合结构改写句子 ①With all the work finished (finish)，they hurried back home for lunch. ②He has no trouble settling the problem with you helping (help) him. ③With so much work to do (do)，I can't go to see the film The Justice League Part One with you. ④The girl came in and there were tears in her eyes. →The girl came in with tears in her eyes． ⑤As they have lots of difficult problems to settle，the bosses have no time to go on a holiday. →With lots of difficult problems to settle，the bosses have no time to go on a holiday. [对应学生用书P87] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．His survival(survive) in the great flood is a great wonder. 2．She stated that she had no intention(intend) of leaving. 3．Inspired(inspire) by the teacher，he had another try. 4．With the flat decorated(decorate)，they moved into it last week. 5．The two top leaders postponed meeting(meet) owing to the COVID-19. 6．The hard-working boy eventually(eventual) succeeded in designing a new kind of car. 7．This new policy will be greatly beneficial(benefit) to the farmers. 8．They haven't found a more effective(effect) way to produce products of high quality. 9．No one will make bad comments on himself(he). 10．Time is limited! Would you like to speed up your writing. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．What is the chance of success (成功的机会)in the attempt to run a store? 2．You should have a good knowledge of (熟知，了解)the old town，since you've lived here for almost 50 years. 3．People all over the world haven't found a cure for (治愈……的方法)SARS for 17 years. 4．To pass the history test，little Tom referred to(参考) many books about American history. 5．They have found an easy solution to(解决……的简单方法) the difficult problem. 6．It is hard to finish (很难完成)so much work in such a short time. 7．With the baby crying(婴儿哭着)，the cruel lady left home on a rainy day. 8．Our efforts to build a clear schoolyard paid off (成功，奏效) in the end. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $