Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Writing（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语灾难类说明文写作核心知识点，系统梳理文体特点（以介绍说明为主，聚焦应急措施）、审题谋篇（分灾难前准备、中应对、后补救三部分结构）及分阶段常用语储备，通过洪水防范、火灾逃生等具体写作任务及范文解析，构建“理论-储备-实践”完整学习支架。 该资料以结构化设计为亮点，通过真实情境任务（如暴雨洪水、火灾逃生写作）提升学生语言能力（运用分阶段常用语准确表达）和思维品质（逻辑组织说明内容）。范文与练习结合便于课中教师引导实践，课后学生可对照范文查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力，强化说明文写作规范与应用能力。

Section Ⅳ　Writing [对应学生用书P48] 关于灾难的说明文 一、文体特点 说明文是以介绍和说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解说事物、阐明事理或交代步骤，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。说明文类的书面表达多以图画、表格或文字的形式出现，并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查。有关灾难中如何逃生指导方面的说明文，通常向读者介绍应急事件中应采取的正确、合理的措施。 二、审题谋篇 有关灾难指导方面的说明文正文内容一般包括三部分： 第一部分：灾难前的准备应对事宜介绍； 第二部分：灾难中应采取的措施指导； 第三部分：灾难后的补救说明。 三、知识储备 1．灾难前常用语 (1)Thousands of fires break out every year，causing... (2)Great floods hit the south of...，and great damage is done to... (3)Millions of people are affected by... (4)Preparations should be made to... (5)In order to reduce the damage of...，people should prepare...and... (6)More and more people have become aware that... 2．灾难中常用语 (1)During the...，we should keep our head. (2)Leave the...immediately and run to... (3)Do not take lifts... (4)You are required to... (5)You can move under...or go to a small room. 3．灾难后常用语 (1)Stay away from... (2)Wait for some experts to offer help/assistance. (3)Only in this way can we... [写作任务] 假如你是李华，你市近来有大暴雨，并有可能引发洪水。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，提醒人们做好防范工作，内容包括： 1．天气预报连续播放暴雨预报； 2．洪水暴发期间应采取的措施； 3．洪水后的防范及救援。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 According to the weather forecast，a severe storm is on the way，and is to hit our city the day after tomorrow. Hope everyone can stay calm and safe. [思路点拨] 一、审题定调 1．确定体裁：本文是说明文。 2．确定人称：本文主要采用第二人称。 3．确定时态：说明文通常使用一般现在时，适当添加一般将来时。 二、基本结构 开头：介绍天气预报，引起人们对天气的注意，告知人们暴雨有可能导致洪水； 主题：具体介绍在洪水前、中及后的应对措施； 结尾：希望人们生命安全，工作有序。 [词汇热身] 1．weather forecast天气预报 2．a severe storm严重的暴风雨 3．hit袭击 4．be on the way马上来临 5．last持续，延续 6．make full preparations做好充分准备 7．citizens市民 8．flashlight手电筒 9．the rescue team救援队 10．an electric shock电击 [主要句式] 1．The stormy weather will last more than two days，which is expected to cause great floods． 暴风雨天气将持续两天多，预计会引发大洪水。 2．Therefore before the storm comes，citizens in our city should make full preparations. 所以暴风雨到来之前，我市市民应当做好充分准备。 3．It is never adopted to climb the wire poles，which probably cause you an electric shock. 攀爬电线杆是不可取的，有可能遭到电击。 [连句成篇] According to the weather forecast，a severe storm is on the way，and is to hit our city the day after tomorrow.The stormy weather will last more than two days，which is expected to cause great floods. Therefore before the storm comes，citizens in our city should make full preparations.First of all，store enough foods and water for daily life.Besides，clothes，medicine and even candles and flashlights are necessary.Once a great flood occurs，find a high area or stay upstairs.Surrounded by floods，contact the rescue teams or the government.Never try to swim away for safety.It is never adopted to climb the wire poles，which probably cause you an electric shock. Hope everyone can stay calm and safe. 假如你是李华，请以学生会的名义写一篇标题为“How to Survive in a Fire Accident”的文章，告知全体同学在火灾发生时的逃生方法。 1．给消防部门(fire department)打电话； 2．保持头脑清醒(keep one's head)； 3．切勿乘坐电梯(elevator)； 4．毛巾捂住口鼻，匍匐前进(crawl forward)…… 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 How to Survive in a Fire Accident In case of fire，some simple tips can help you escape and stay safe. In short，if you take proper measures，the chances are that you will survive in case of fire. 【参考范文】 How to Survive in a Fire Accident In case of fire，some simple tips can help you escape and stay safe. First，once a fire breaks out，telephone the fire department to ask for help immediately.Keep your head.It is necessary to make sure of the position and the way to escape.Remember never to take the elevator，as you may get trapped if electricity fails.Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to avoid breathing in heavy smoke and crawl forward.If you can't get away，it is of great importance to hang something out of the window to attract attention... In short，if you take proper measures，the chances are that you will survive in case of fire. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $