Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇、短语、句型及语法核心知识点，系统梳理基础词汇（如hurricane、conference）、拓展词汇（如shock的词形转换）、重点短语（如run out of、due to）、核心句型（only to do作结果状语、must have done表过去推测）及动词不定式作定语和结果状语的语法规则，构建从词汇积累到句型运用再到语法深化的递进式学习支架。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，通过词汇语境例句（如shock的多情景运用）和即学活用练习提升学生词汇运用能力，结合句式升级（如scare的过去分词作状语转换）培养思维品质，语法表格（不定式时态语态）和分层次练习题辅助学习能力发展。课中助力教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主复习查漏补缺，体现英语学科“学用结合”的教学特色。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills [对应学生用书P35] Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．hurricane n.飓风 2．conference n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 3．scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕n.恐慌；惊吓 4．supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 5．charity n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 6．staff n.全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 7．slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入 8．fund n.资金；基金 9．flood n.洪水，水灾；大量 vi.&vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 10．downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n.楼下 11．document n.文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 12．honey n.(爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜 13．otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外 拓展单词 14．shock n.震惊vt. 使震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的；糟糕的→shocked adj.震惊的 15．power n. 电力； 权力； 政权； 控制力； 能力； 能量； 力量→powerful adj.有影响力的 16．donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donor n.捐赠者→donation n.捐赠物，捐赠 17．curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．run out of 用完，耗尽 2．due to 由于 3．in detail 详细地 4．go through 经过； 经历，经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期) 5．look through浏览； 翻阅； 逐一查看 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．That morning，I turned on the TV for some local news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 那天早晨，我打开电视看当地的新闻，结果却得知飓风即将到来。 2．The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很多破坏和痛苦。 [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P36] 1．shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤 shocked adj.　惊愕的；震惊的 shocking adj.　令人震惊的；糟糕的 The news of my promotion came as a shock. 我晋升的消息着实让我一惊。 It shocks you when something like that happens. 发生那样的事情，使人震惊。 Jones was shocked when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated. 当她说她真不在意被欺骗时，琼斯非常震惊。 People were shocked at the shocking power of the hurricane. 人们被飓风惊人的力量惊呆了。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①We were all shocked(shock) at the news of his death. ②It gave us all quite a shock to learn that he had failed again. ③I was shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. ④It is shocking (shock) that he didn't inform you of the procedures to do this experiment. 2．scare vt.&vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓 scare...away/off　把……吓跑 be scared to death　吓死了 be scared of (doing) sth　害怕(做)某事 be scared to do sth　害怕做某事 scary adj.　引起恐慌的 Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.有时，这样大的噪音会把熊吓走了。 He that will take the bird must not scare it. 捕鸟休惊鸟。(指捕鸟的时候大声呼叫，会把鸟儿吓走) [即学活用] 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared (scare). ②She was so badly hurt that I was scared to speak(speak) to her. ③When I first saw a real snake，I was scared to death. ④That's the really scary(scare) and depressing thing. ⑤He was scared of a snake，and he fainted at the first sight of one. →Scared of a snake，he fainted at the first sight of one.(用过去分词短语作状语) 3．run out of 用完，用尽 run out　用完(主语为物，无被动语态) run across　穿越；偶然碰到 run after　追逐；追求 run away　跑掉；逃走；逃避 run into　撞上；遇到 We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. 我们都知道那些在到达生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。 Local people received a lot of reliefs but now they've run out. 当地人收到了很多救济物资，但是现在已经用完了。 I ran across an old friend of mine in the library. 我在图书馆与一位老朋友不期而遇。 [名师点津]　run out of为及物动词，主语为人；run out为不及物动词，主语应为时间、金钱、力气等。 [即学活用] 用适当的介词或副词填空 ①A child ran across the road and the driver put on the brake suddenly. ②The thief ran away and the policeman ran after him. ③Lost in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him. 4．flood n.洪水，水灾； 大量vt.&vi.(被)淹没； 泛滥； 大量涌入； 充满 a flood of　大量的 flood in/into　涌入 be flooded with...　被……淹没 The typhoon has caused floods in many parts of the country.台风使全国许多地方发生水灾。 Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen. 每年有大量的农民工涌入深圳。 Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.成年人理解被杂事淹没的感觉。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Floods(flood) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. ②The project connects flooded(flood) roads and highways. ③Donations began flooding/to flood(flood) in from hundreds of people. ④Telephone calls came flooding(flood) in from all over the country. 5．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的 (1)be curious about　对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth　渴望做…… (2)curiosity n.　好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity　出于好奇 meet/satisfy one's curiosity　满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity　好奇地 (3)curiously adv.　好奇地 If you are curious about the history of our school，you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity! 如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣，你一定不能错过这次绝佳的机会！ My progress in reading raised my curiosity，and I wanted to know everything. 阅读的进步激发了我的好奇心，我想了解一切。 Out of curiosity，he pulled down the handle of the fire alarm. 出于好奇，他把火警器的把手拉了下来。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. ②People gathered round，curious to know (know) what is happening. ③To satisfy our own curiosity (curious) we traveled to Baltimore. ④The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously (curious). [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P10] 1．(教材P20)That morning，I turned on the TV for some local news，only to hear that a hurricane was on its way． 那天早晨，我打开电视看当地的新闻，结果却得知飓风即将到来。 [句式分析] 本句中only to hear...为动词不定式作结果状语。 (1)不定式作结果状语常表示“出乎意料的结果”，其前经常加only或just修饰。 (2)现在分词作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中的结果”。 He picked up a stone，only to have it dropped on his own foot.他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。 The news shocked the public，leading to great concern about students' safety at school. 这条新闻使广大民众感到震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated. ②He attempted to cover the facts only to let(let) them out. 2．(教材P20)The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很多破坏和痛苦。 [句式分析] 本句中“must have caused”是情态动词＋have＋done结构，意为“过去肯定做过某事”，表示对过去肯定的推测。 (1)情态动词＋have＋done结构可表示对过去的推测和对过去的虚拟语气，其中表示对过去的推测的还有： couldn't/can't have done过去不可能做过某事 might have done 过去有可能做了某事 might not have done过去有可能没做某事 (2)表示对过去的虚拟语气的有： should have done过去本该做某事却没做 shouldn't have done过去本不该做某事却做了 would have done过去本想做但并未做 wouldn't have done过去本不想做但发生了 need have done过去需要做某事但却没做 needn't have done过去不必做某事但却做了 It must have rained last night for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 Mary can't have stolen your money.She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 You might have read about it in the papers. 你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①He said I must have done something bad to deserve it. 他说我肯定是罪有应得。 ②They should have done it much more earlier. 他们早就应该这么做了。 ③Peter needn't have done it yesterday. 彼得昨天本不必做这件事。 ④He can't have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. 他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。 [对应学生用书P39] 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 一、概述 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。基本构成为to do。 不定式的各种形式 时态 主动式 被动式 否定式 一般时 to do to be done not to do 完成时 to have done to have been done not to have done 进行时 to be doing — — 二、语法规则 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。 (2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 [易错警示]　不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？(不定式to buy的动作执行者是you) Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？(不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语) [对点集训1]　 完成句子 ①China has become the first country to land(使登陆) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. ②Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives (一个改变生活的机会)，including your own. ③Have you got anything to say (要说的事)? ④The book to be published next week (下周将要出版的) is written by a famous young writer. ⑤The professor to give us a lecture (给我们讲课的) tomorrow on the way to study English (学习英语的) is from Beijing University. ⑥Who is the first man to land on the moon (登陆月球) in history? ⑦This is the best way to solve the problem (解决此问题). ⑧He gave up a good chance to study abroad (在国外学习) after graduation. ⑨I would like to go to the library.Do you have any book to be borrowed (要借). ⑩He can't go with us，since he has a lot of things to deal with (要处理的). ⑪Smoking is the first bad habit for you to get rid of (你要摆脱的). ⑫It means we have the chance to obtain information (获得信息的机会)about how the moon is constructed. ⑬A house warming party is a special party to be held (举行) when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. 2．不定式作状语 (1)动词不定式通常作目的、结果状语。动词不定式作状语与其逻辑主语构成主动关系。 Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。(目的) Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. 一些植物释放出难闻的化学物质使昆虫远离它们。(目的) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. 她气得连话都说不出来。(结果) I'm glad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很高兴。(结果) He hurried to the station，only to be told the train had left. 他匆忙赶往火车站，结果被告知火车已开走。(结果) (2)动词-ing形式表示必然的、目的性结果，动词不定式则表示出乎意料的结果。 The fire lasted a week，leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。(必然性结果) [对点集训2]　 完成句子 ①Now most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm(保暖). ②If you're lucky enough to receive gifts (收到礼物)，keep them in a safe place. ③The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter (找这位著名画家). ④They went to the hospital to see the patient (看病人) in a hurry，only to find he was out of hospital (结果发现他出院了). ⑤Some people try to knock me down，only to make me more determined (使我更有信心) to do things better. ⑥To find more information (要获取更多信息)，please contact 010-88889999. ⑦We are now using the “New Standard English” series for students to make great progress (为了学生取得好成绩). ⑧When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there to be trained (接受培训) for a space flight. [对应学生用书P41] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The new school to be built(build) next year will cover more than 500 mu. 2．The ability to sing(sing) is a great advantage over others for the job. 3．The man returned home after the war，only to find(find) that his wife had left him. 4．The old man often sit in the sun，reading(read) newspapers attentively. 5．With a lot of letters to answer(answer)，the manager has to put off leaving the office. 6．I was sleeping(sleep) when the great floods hit our town. 7．The news came as a shock that the girl was injured in the accident. 8．Many jobs can not go on during the power failure(fail). 9．As you can guess，the result of the examination was not so good. 10．Our school is considering organizing(organize) a school musical bank. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．When will you be on holiday(度假) this summer? 2．Look at the dark clouds；a terrible storm is on the way(要来临，马上到来). 3．As you expected(正如你所预料的那样)，the school sports meeting is a great success. 4．I'm afraid that we are running out of(用光，耗尽) the gas. 5．He is clever enough to solve(足够聪明解决) the problem，I guess. 6．You must have stayed up(一定熬夜了) last night for your eyes are so red. 7．The meeting lasted a whole day(持续一整天) with nothing settled. 8．While listening to the lecture of the professor，the students were busy taking notes of (记录，做笔记)the details. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $