Unit 1 Back to school 二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 必修第一册·译林版·Unit1 Backtoschool二 一、 重点单词详解 1:responsible 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.有责任，负责；可靠的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：respond /'spond/(i.回应；负责) 名词：responsibility,spDnss'brlati/(n.责任；义务；职责) 三、用法与常见搭配 be responsible for(对…负责) be responsible to sb.(对某人负责) a responsible person/job（负责任的人/工作) 四、拓展用法 固定句型：hold sb.responsible for sth.(认为某人对某事负责) It is responsible of sb.to do sth.(某人做某事是负责任的) 五、作文高级句型 A responsible individual not only takes charge of their own actions but also contributes posi- tively to the community. 2:independent 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.自主的，有主见的；自立的 构词法（词性转换） 名词：independence/,,mdr'pendans/(n.独立；自主) 动词：depend/dr'pend/(vi.依赖；依靠) 形容词：dependent/dr'pendant/(adj.依赖的；依靠的) 三、用法与常见搭配 be independent of(独立于…；不依赖…) an independent thinker(有独立见解的思考者) lead an independent life(过着独立的生活) 四、拓展用法 反义词前缀：in-(表示”否定”，如dependent--independent) 副词：independently/,mdr'pendantli/(独立地；自主地) 五、作文高级句型 Cultivating independent learning abilities is crucial for students to adapt to future challenges. 3:balance 、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vt.同等重视：（使）保持平衡；权衡重要性；n均衡，平衡；平衡能力 pat 、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：balanced/baelanst/(adj.平衡的：均衡的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词短语：balance A and B(平衡A和B) keep balance(保持平衡) lose balance(失去平衡) 名词短语：strike a balance(达成平衡) work-life balance(工作与生活的平衡) 四、拓展用法 固定搭配：balance the budget(平衡预算) balance on one foot(单脚站立保持平衡) 五、作文高级句型 Striking a balance between study and leisure helps improve both efficiency and well-being. 4:focus 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(t.&i.) 核心义：n.焦点，重点：t.&vi.集中 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：focussed/focused/faukost/(adj.集中的；专注的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词短语：focus on（集中于…) focus one's attention/mind on(把注意力/心思集中在…) 名词短语：the focus of attention(注意力的焦点) shift focus(转移焦点) 四、拓展用法 复数形式：foci/'fousan/(较为正式)或focuses 固定句型：bring sth.into focus(使某事成为焦点) 五、作文高级句型 To achieve goals,we need to focus our efforts on the most important tasks rather than being distracted by trivial things. 5:improve 一、核心考点 词性：动词(vt.&vi.) 核心义：t&vi.改进，改善 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：improvement/m'pIu:vmnt/(n.改进；改善；提高) 形容词：mproved/m'pnm:vd(adj.改进的；改善的) 三、用法与常见搭配 improve o//upon（改进；胜过) improve oneself(提升自己) improve living conditions(改善生活条件) 四、拓展用法 常见搭配：gradually improve(逐渐改善) significantly improve(显著提高) 五、作文高级句型 Regular exercise and a healthy diet can not only improve physical health but also enhance mental well-being. 6:remind 、一、核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：t.提醒，使想起 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：reminder/'marndo(r)/(n.提醒物；提示) 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：remind sb.of sth.（使某人想起某事) remind sb.to do sth.（提醒某人做某事) remind sb.that..(提醒某人…) 四、拓展用法 同义短语：call to mind(使想起) 五、作文高级句型 The old photograph reminds me of the happy days I spent with my family during my child- hood. 7:base 核心考点 词性：动词(t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vt.以…为基础（依据）；n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：basic/beisik/(adj.基本的；基础的) 副词：basically /'bersikli/(adv.基本上；主要地) 名词：basis/bersis/.(n.基础；根据，复数：bases/bersi:z/) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词短语：base A on B(把A建立在B的基础上) be based on(以…为基础) 名词短语：on the base of(在…的基础上) military base(军事基地) 四、拓展用法 近义词辨析：base(具体的基础，如地基)；basis(抽象的基础，如理论基础) 五、作文高级句型 True friendship is based on mutual trust and understanding rather than material benefits. 8:stick to 、 核心考点 词性：短语动词 核心义：短语：坚持；固守，维持 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：stick/st(i.粘；坚持；vt.粘贴) 过去式/过去分词：stuck/stk/ 三、用法与常见搭配 stick to the plan（坚持计划) stick to one's promise(信守承诺) stick to doing sth.(坚持做某事) 四、拓展用法 同义短语：insist on(坚持，后接名词/动名词) persist in(坚持，后接名词/动名词，强调毅力) 五、作文高级句型 Those who stick to their dreams despite difficulties are more likely to achieve success in the end 9:attitude 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.态度，看法 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：attitudinal/,et'tju:drnal/（adj.态度的；有关态度的) 三、用法与常见搭配 have a positive/negative attitude towards（对…持积极/消极态度) change one's attitude(改变某人的态度) attitude to/.towards(对…的态度) 四、拓展用法 固定句型：It's all about attitude.(态度决定一切。) 五、作文高级句型 A positive attitude towards life enables people to face challenges with courage and optimism. 10:look forward to 核心考点 词性：短语动词 核心义：短语：盼望，期待(to为介词，后接名词动名词) 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：look/lok/(i.看；看起来) forward/f6:wad/(adv.向将来；向前) 三、用法与常见搭配 look for1 ward to sth.（期待某事) look forward to doing sth.(期待做某事) 例：look forward to meeting you(期待见你) look forward to the future（展望未来) 四、拓展用法 常用时态：现在进行时表”热切期待”，如：I'm looking forward to your reply 五、作文高级句型 We are always looking forward to a brighter future where people live in harmony with nature. 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.As a team leader,you should be responsiblethe safety of all members. A)for B)to C)with D)on 2.Teenagers need to learn to be independent_their parents in daily life. A)from B)of C)on D)with 3.It's important to balance work rest to avoid burnout. A)and B)or C)but D)so 4.Students should focus their attention mastering basic skills rather than just memorizing facts. A)in B)at C)on D)for 5.Regular practice can improve your pronunciation_a great degree. A)at B)to C)on D)with 6.The old song always reminds me my childhood in the countryside A)for B)of C)to D)with 7.This novel is baseda true story that happened in the 1990s. A)in B)at C)on D)for 8.No matter how hard it is,we should stick to_our dreams. A)pursue B)pursuing C)pursued D)to pursue 9.A positive attitudelife helps people overcome difficulties bravely. A)for B)to C)with D)on 10.We are all looking forward to_the summer vacation. A)enjoy B)enjoying C)enjoyed D)to enjoy (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.Parents should teach their children to take_(responsible)for their own actions. 2.The country gained_(independent)from foreign rule in 1965. 3.A(balance)diet provides all the necessary nutrients for our body. 4.The meeting will-(focus)on environmental protection measures. 5.There has been a significant_(improve)in air quality since last year. 6.The teacher left a(remind)about the upcoming exam on the blackboard. 7.The research was carried out on a scientific(base). 8.She has an(attitudinal)of optimism even in tough situations (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.It is r of you to help your classmates with their studies 2.College students need to develop i learning abilities to succeed. 3.Try to sa balance between your studies and extracunicular activities. 4.The f of this project is to reduce plastic waste in the community 5.Regular exercise can iboth physical and mental health 6.The photo album always r me ofmy happy family trips 7.This theory is b_on years of experimental research 8.If you s to your goals,you will eventually achieve them. 9.Your a towards failure determines whether you will try again. 10.We are 1forward to hearing from you soon. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B A C BB C BBB 2.补全句子答案： 1.responsibility 2.independence 3.balanced 4.focus 5.improvement 6.reminder 7.basis 8. attitude 3.首字母填空答案： 1.responsible 2.independent 3.strike 4.focus 5.improve 6.reminds 7.based 8.stick 9. attitude 10.looking 英语词汇复习手册·必修第一册·Unit1 Back to school二