Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·译林版·Unit1 Honestyandresponsibility二 一、重点单词详解 1:guilty 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.感到内疚的；有罪的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：gut/grt/(n.内疚；罪行) 副词：guiltily/grltrli/(adv.内疚地) 反义词：innocent./'nasnt//(adj.无辜的；无罪的) 三、必记搭配与例句 feel guilty about(doing)sth.(因做某事感到内疚)：She felt guilty about lying to her parents be guilty of sth.(犯有…罪)：He was found guilty of theft. 固定搭配：a guilty conscience（内疚的良心) 四、重点辨析 guilty vs.ashamed:guilty侧重因违反道德或法律而内心自责，常与法律或责任相关； ashamed侧重因自身行为不体面、不道德而感到羞耻，常与个人情感相关。 例：He was guilty ofmurder..（法律层面)》 She was ashamed of her rude behavior.(个人情感层面) 2:forgive 、 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.&i.) 核心义：t&i.原谅：宽恕；免除（债务） 构词法（词性转换） 名词：forgiveness/fa'grvnas/(n.原谅) 形容词：forgiving/fa'gIvI/(aj.宽容的) 过去式/过去分词：forgave/fa'gev/;forgiven/fa'grvm/ 三、必记搭配与例句 forgive sb.(for sth./doing sth.)She forgave him for breaking his promise. forgive the mistake forgive a debt 固定句型：forgive and forget(不计前嫌) 四、拓展用法 被动语态：be forgiven for sth.(因某事被原谅) 例：His rudeness can be forgiven for his youth 3:privilege 、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(t.) 核心义：n.荣幸；特权；vt.给予特权 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：privileged/prvalrd3d/(adj.享有特权的；荣幸的) 三、必记搭配与例句 It is a privilege to do sth.（做某事是荣幸)：It is a privilege to meet you enjoy privileges(享有特权) privilege sb.with sth.(给予某人某物特权) 四、固定搭配 a special privilege(特殊特权) privilege of doing sth.（做某事的特权) 4:integrity 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.诚实正直：完整 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：integral/ntg1/(adj.必不可少的；完整的) 三、必记搭配与例句】 moral integrity(道德正直)：He is a man of integrity.（他是个正直的人) territorial integrity（领土完整) 四、重点辨析 integrity vs.honesty:integrity侧重人格或道德上的”完整无缺”，强调言行一致、坚守原 则；honesty侧重”不撒谎、不欺骗”的品质，强调真实不虚假。 例：A leader must have integrity.(领导者需正直) Honesty is the best policy.（诚实是上策) 5:mercy 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.仁慈；宽恕；任…处置 、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：merciful'm3sfl/(adj.仁慈的) 副词：mercifully/'m3 :sIfoli/(adv.仁慈地) 三、 必记搭配与例句 beg for mercy show mercy to sb 固定搭配：at the mercy of sb.sth.(任…处置，无能为力)：The boat was at the mercy of the storm 四、拓展用法 反义词：merciless/'m3sls/(adj.无情的) 6:deadline 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.最后期限；截止日期 二、构词法（拆分记忆） dead（ad.死的)+line(n.线)→”死线”→最后期限 三、必记搭配与例句 meet/miss the deadline（赶上/错过截止日期)：We must finish the project by Friday's deadline. set a deadline for sth.:The teacher set a deadline for the essay. 四、固定句型 work against the deadline（赶在截止日期前工作) 7:virtue 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.美德：优点；正直品性 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：virtuous /'v3tuas/（adj.有美德的) 三、 必记搭配与例句 moral virtues(道德美德)：Honesty and kindness are important virtues. the virtue of sth.（某物的优点)：The plan has the virtue of simplicity. 固定搭配：by virtue of(凭借；由于)：She succeeded by virtue of hard work 8:embrace 一、核心考点 词性：动词（t.&i.) 核心义：t&i.拥抱；欣然接受；包含 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：embrace/im'breIs/(n.拥抱；接受) 、 必记搭配与例句 embrace sb.:They embraced each other warmly. embrace an idea:She embraced the opportunity to study abroad embrace sth.(包含某物)：The report embraces all aspects of the problem 四、拓展用法 比喻义：embrace change(接受变革) 9:phase 、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：1.阶段；时期 二、必记搭配与例句 in the phase of sth.:The project is in the planning phase. different phases 动词搭配：enter a new phase(进入新阶段)；go through phases(经历多个阶段) 三、固定搭配 phase out(逐步海汰)：Old technology is being phased out.. 10:discourage 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：vt.使灰心；劝阻(discouraged adj..灰心的) 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：discouragement/drs'krd3mant/(n.灰心) 反义词：encourage /in'kId3/(vt.鼓励) 、 必记搭配与例句 be discouraged by sth.(因某事灰心)：She was discouraged by her failure. discourage sb.from doing sth.:Parents discouraged him from dropping out 四、重点辨析 discouraged vs.discouraging:discouraged修饰人，表”感到灰心的”；discouraging修饰 物，表”令人灰心的？ 例：He felt discouraged.(人) The result was discouraging.( 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She felt about not telling her parents the truth A)guilty B)innocent C)ashamed D)merciful 2.He was foundof stealing a car and sentenced to three years in prison. A)ashamed B)guilty C)innocent D)merciful 3.It is a to be invited to speak at this conference. A)privilege B)virtue C)mercy D)deadline 4.We must finish the project before the next Friday. A)phase B)deadline C)privilege D)mercy 5.The company decided to the old system and introduce a new one. A)phase out B)embrace C)discourage D)forgive 6.She was by the bad news and didn't want to talk to anyone. A)embracing B)privileged C)discouraged D)virtuous 7.Honesty and kindness are important_that everyone should have A)virtues B)phases C)deadlines D)integrities 8.The project is now in the finaland will be completed soon A)privilege B)phase C)mercy D)integrity 9.He begged forbut his request was refused. A)forgiveness B)mercy C)virtue D)integrity 10.The report_all aspects of the problem and provided detailed solutions. A)discourages B)phases C)embraces D)forgives (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.She felt great(guilt)about her mistake.( 2.He was_(mercy)enough to forgive her..(形容词) 3.The(deadline)for the application is next Monday.( 4.She has the_(virtuous)of being honest.( 5.We need to_(courage)him to try again.(反义词) 6.His_(integrate)is beyond doubt.(名词) 7.The teacher_(forgive)him for being late.(过去式) 8.She was._(discourage)by the failure.(形容词) 9.Itisa_(privilege)to meet you.(形容词) 10.He_(em brace)his mother warmly when he saw her.(过去式) (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.He was found gof murder and sent to prison. 2.She decided to f him for his rudeness. 3.It is a p to be here with all of you today. 4.We need to finish the work before the d. 5.The company is phasing othe old equipment. 6.He was d by his failure in the exam. 7.Honesty is one of the most important v- 8.The project is in its final p 9.She begged for m but no one listened. 10.The report eall the important details. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ABA BA CAB B C 2.补全句子答案： 1.guilt 2.merciful 3.deadline 4.virtue 5.encourage 6.integrity 7.forgave 8.discouraged 9. privilege 10.embraced 3.首字母填空答案： 1.guilty 2.forgive 3.privilege 4.deadline 5.out 6.discouraged 7.virtues 8.phase 9.mercy 10.embraces 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit1 Honesty and responsibility二