Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 三-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 必修第三册·译林版·Unit4 Scientistswhochangedtheworld三 一、重点单词详解 1:involve 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v,) 核心义：t.包含；牵涉；使参与 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：volve(oll,滚动) 前缀：in-(向内)→”卷入其中 形容词：involved(adj.复杂的；有关联的) 名词：involvement(n.参与；牵连) 三、用法与常见搭配 involve doing sth.(需要/包含做某事) involve sb.in(doing)sth.(使某人参与某事) be involved in(卷入；参与；与…有关联) 四、拓展用法 主动表被动含义：The job involves a lot of travel.(这份工作需要经常出差) 高级表达：be heavily/deeply involved in(深度参与) 2:scientific 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.科学的；严谨的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：science(n.科学) 副词：scientifically(adv.科学地) 派生词：scientist(n.科学家) 三、用法与常见搭配 scientific research/method(科学研究/方法) scientific evidence(科学证据) be scientific about(对…采取科学态度) 四、辨析 scientific vs.academic: 前者强调”科学性，后者侧重”学术性 3:credit 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（v) 核心义：n.信用：赞扬：学分：叶.归功于 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：credible(adj.可信的) 副词：credibly(adv.可信地) 派生词：discredit(v.怀疑；败坏名声) 、 用法与常见搭配 名词搭配： get/earn credit(获得学分/赞扬) on credit(赊账) give credit to sb.(赞扬某人) 动词搭配： credit sth.tosb.(把…归功于某人) credit sb.with sth.(认为某人有某能力) 四、固定句型 It is to one's credit that·（值得赞扬的是…) 4:moral 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.道德的；n.道德；寓意 二、 构词法（词性转换） 副词：morally(adv.道德上) 反义词：immoral(adj.不道德的) 派生词：morality(n.道德准则) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词：moral duty/standard（道德责任/标准) 名词： draw a moral from（从.中吸取教训) the moral of the story(故事的寓意) 四、辨析 moral vs.ethical:前者侧重个人道德，后者强调”社会伦理 5:apply 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.申请；应用；涂 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：application(n.申请；应用》 形容词：applicable(adj.适用的) 派生词：applicant(n.申请人) 三、 用法与常见搭配 apply for(申请) apply to（适用于；向…申请) apply sth..to sth.(把某物应用于某物) apply oneself to(致力于) 四、拓展用法 apply pressure/force(施加压力/力) 6:negate 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t否定；取消；使无效 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：neg-(否定)+-ate(动词后缀) 名词：negation(n.否定；否认) 形容词：negative(adj.否定的；消极的) 三、用法与常见搭配 negate the effect(抵消效果) negate a statement（否定陈述) 四、辨析 negate vs.deny:前者强调？使失效”，后者侧重”否认事实 7:intellectual 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.智力的；n.知识分子 二mig构词法（词性转换） 名词：intellect(n.智力；才智) 副词：intellectually(adv.智力上) 派生词：intelligence(n.智力；情报) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词：ntellectual ability/.activity(智力/脑力活动) 名词：intellectuals and officials(知识分子与官员) 四、辨析 intellectual vs.intelligent:前者指”需智力的”，后者表”聪明的” 8:mystery 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.神秘；谜团：悬疑作品 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：mysterious(adj.神秘的) 副词：mysteriously(adv.神秘地) 派生词：nystify(v.使困惑) 三、用法与常见搭配 solve a mystery(解开谜团) a mystery novel(悬疑小说) remain a mystery(仍是谜) 四、拓展用法 不可数名词：the mystery of life(生命的奥秘) 9:authority 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.权威：权力：官方 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：authorize(v.授权；批准) 形容词：authoritative(adj.权威的) 三、用法与常见搭配 have authority over（对…有管辖权) an authority on（某方面的权威) government authorities(政府部门) 四、可数不可数差异 表”权力”不可数；表”权威人士/机构可数 10:evolution 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.进化；演变 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：evolve(v.进化；发展) 形容词：evolutionary(adj.进化的) 三、用法与常见搭配 the theory of evolution（进化论) the evolution of language(语言的演变) evolve from.to..(从…进化到…) 四、作文句型 The rapid evolution of technology has transformed how we communicate. 科技的快速发展改变了我们的沟通方式。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The research project will involvedata from over 500 participants. A)collect B)to collect C)collecting D)collected 2.Scientists have foundevidence to support the new theory. A)scientific B)academic C)intelligent D)intellectual 3.She is widely credited_developing the new technology. A)with B)to C)for D)of 4.It is to her that she remained calm during the crisis. A)credit B)moral C)authority D)mystery 5.The company's new policy effectively_the previous regulations A)denies B)negates C)involves D)applies 6.ability is crucial for success in advanced mathematics. A)Intelligent B)Intellectual C)Moral D)Scientific 7.The_of the ancient pyramid continues to attract archaeologists. A)mystery B)evolution C)involvement D)application 8.Government_announced new measures to protect the environment. A)authorities B)intellectuals C)scientists D)applicants 9.Many species have_over millions of years to adapt to climate changes. A)evolved B)involved C)applied D)negated 10.You need tofor a visa at least two weeks before your trip A)apply B)credit C)negate D)solve (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The professor's_(science)approach to research won her international recognition. 2.His_(involve)in the project led to its successful completion 3.We should always question information and not accept it(credible) 4.The(evolve)of digital technology has changed our daily lives. 5.She is one of the most respected(intellectual)in the field of philosophy. 6.The-(moral)of the story is that honesty always prevails 7.The team's_(apply)for funding was approved by the committee. 8.His(authoritative)on the subject made him the ideal speaker for the conference. 9.The(mysterious)disappearance of the painting remains unsolved. 10.-(scientific)speaking,the experiment's results are statistically significant (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The job requires excellent communication skills andicuriosity. 2.Many people still believe in the mof UFOs and extraterrestrial life. 3.Parents have a mduty to care for their children. 4.The new drug's effects were n by the patient's existing health issues. 5.She was awarded full cfor her contribution to the team's victory. 6.The eoflanguage can be traced through historical records 7.A figures show that crime rates have decreased by 15%this year. 8.The company's success is largely due to its a to customer needs. 9.He is studying for a degree in i history at the university. 10.The experiment must be conducted in a s_controlled environment. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：CAAABBAAAA 2.补全句子答案： 1.scientific 2.involvement 3.credibly 4.evolution 5.intellectuals 6.moral 7.application 8. authority 9.mysterious 10.Scientifically 3.首字母填空答案： 1.intellectual 2.mystery 3.moral 4.negated 5.credit 6.evolution 7.Authority 8.applica- tion 9.intellectual 10.scientifically 英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit4 Scientists who changed the world三