内容正文:
期末词汇复习
必修第一册·译林版·Unit4 Lookinggood,feelinggood-一
一、】
重点单词详解
1:concentrate
一、核心考点
词性:vi.&t
核心义:集中(注意力、思想等):全神贯注
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:centr(中心),前缀con-(共同)+centr+-ate(动词后缀)→共同朝向中心→
集中
名词:concentration/konsn'trerfn/(专注;浓度)
形容词:concentrated/'konsntrertid/(集中的;浓缩的)
三、用法与常见搭配
concentrate on sth./doing sth.(专注于某事/做某事)
concentrate one's attention/mind on(将注意力/心思集中于)
be concentrated in/on(集中于.)
四、重点辨析
focus on vs..concentrate on:两者均表示?专注于,但focus更强调”聚焦”,concentrate
更强调”排除干扰后的集中”。
五、拓展用法
作及物动词时可接宾语:concentrate efforts/resources(集中努力/资源)
作名词时表示”浓缩物”(如fruit concentrate水果浓缩汁)
2:effective
核心考点
词性:adj
核心义:有效的:生效的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:effect(n.效果,见单词表)+-ive(形容词后缀,表”具有…性质的”)
动词:effect'fekt/(t.实现,产生):affect'fekt/(t.影响)
名词:effectiveness/,fekt'vmas/(有效性)
副词:effectively /I'fektrvli/(有效地;实际上)
三、用法与常见搭配
be effective in doing sth.(在做某事方面有效)
take effective measures(采取有效措施)
effective date(生效日期)
、四、重点辨析
effective vs.ef伍cient:effective侧重”有效果,能达到目的;efficient侧重”高效,省时
省力”。
3:concerned
、
核心考点
词性:adj
核心义:担心的,忧虑的:关注的,关切的
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:concern/kan's3/(t.涉及;使担心n.关心;忧虑)
名词:concern(关心;担忧;利害关系)
副词:concernedly /kan's3 nrdli/(担忧地)
三、用法与常见搭配
be concerned about/for(担心…;关心…)
be concerned with(涉及;与…有关)
as far as..be concerned(就…而言)
the concerned parents(忧心忡忡的父母)
四、拓展用法
作后置定语:he parties concerned(有关各方);issues concerned(相关问题)
4:extreme
一、
核心考点
词性:adj.&n.
核心义:adj.极端的:严重的n.极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)
二、构词法(词性转换)
前缀ex-(出)+reme(界限)→超出界限的→极端的
副词:extremely /ik'stri:mli//(极其,非常)
名词复数:extremes(极端情况)
三、用法与常见搭配
extreme weather(极端天气)
in the extreme(极其,非常)
go to extremes(走极端)
extreme sports(极限运动)
四、重点辨析
extreme vs.severe:
extreme侧重”程度/性质上的极端';severe侧重”严厉、严重(如疾
病、惩罚)”。
5:faint
一、核心考点
词性:vi.&adj
核心义:vi.昏厥adj.昏眩的;微弱的;可能性不大的
一、
构词法(词性转换)
副词:faintly/ferntli/(微弱地;隐约地)
名词:faint/femnt/(昏厥,可数)
三、用法与常见搭配
作形容词:a faint sound/smile(微弱的声音/微笑);a faint possibility(极小的可能性):
feel faint(感到头晕)
作动词:faint from/with(因…昏厥,如faint from hunger饿昏)
四、短语辨析
faint vs..pass out(单词表短语):faint侧重”短暂失去意识”,pass out更口语化,强调”
完全失去知觉”。
五、拓展用法
固定搭配:not have the faintest idea(丝毫不知道,如Idon't have the faintest idea where
he is.)
6:energetic
核心考点
词性:adj
核心义:精力充沛的,充满活力的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:energy/enad3i(n.能量;精力)+-etic(形容词后缀,表”与…相关的)
名词:energy(能量;精力)
副词:energetically/,ena'd3 etrkli/(精力充沛地)
三、
用法与常见搭配
be energetic in doing sth.(积极做某事)
an energetic child/leader(精力充沛的孩子/领导者)
、四、拓展用法
反义词:lazy(懒惰的);近义词:dynamic(有活力的)
7:immediately
一、
核心考点
词性:adv.&conj:
核心义:ad.立即,马上conj.一…就
二、
构词法(词性转换)
形容词:immediate/'mi:diat/(立即的;直接的)
名词:immediacy/r'mi:diasi/(直接性;迫切性)
三、
用法与常见搭配
作副词:act immediately(立即行动);reply immediately(马上回复)
作连词:immediately+从句(一…就…,相当于as soon as,如I'll call you immediately
I arive.
四、重点辨析
immediately vs.instantly:两者均表示”立刻”,immediately更强调时间上的紧迫性,
instantly侧重”瞬间发生”。
8:prove
核心考点
词性:linking v.&t,
核心义:linking v.后来被发现是vt.证明,证实
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词:proof./pu:f(证明;证据)
形容词:provable/pu:vabl/(可证明的)
三、用法与常见搭配
作及物动词:prove sth.(证明某事);prove that+从句(证明…);prove oneself(证
明自己)
作系动词(后接形容词/名词):prove(tobe)+adj.m.(结果是…,如The task proved
dif伍cult.任务后来被发现很难。)
四、拓展用法
主动表被动:prove作证明是”时,不用被动语态(如The theory proved correct.)
9:function
二、
核心考点
词性:vi.&n
核心义:i起作用,正常工作,运转n.作用,功能,职能
构词法(词性转换)
形容词:functional/fk∫anl/(实用的;起作用的)
副词:functionally/fkni/(功能上地;实用地)
三、用法与常见搭配
作名词:he function of sth.(某物的功能);perform a function(发挥作用);social functions
(社交活动)
作动词:function well/bady(运转良好/不佳);function as(充当…,如The1oom
functions as a study.
四、重点辨析
function vs.1ole:function侧重事物本身的功能”;role侧重”人/事物在特定情境中的
作用”(如play a role in)。
10:nutrition
、核心考点
词性:n
核心义:营养
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:nuti(滋养)+-tion(名词后缀)
形容词:nutritious /nju'ts/(有营养的):nutritional /nju'tnl/(营养的,与营养相关
的)》
动词:nourish/'n(滋养,养育)
三、
用法与常见搭配
balanced nutrition(均衡营养);adequate nutrition(充足营养)
nutritional value(营养价值)
四、拓展用法
近义词:nourishment(滋养品,营养品):反义词:malnutrition(营养不良)
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.Students should_on their studies instead of playing with phones in class.
A)focus
B)concentrate
C)fix
D)center
2.The new policy has been in reducing air pollution since last year.
A)effective
B)efficient
C)active
D)native
3.All theparents gathered at the school gate to wait for their children
A)concerning
B)concern
C)concerned
D)concerns
4._weather conditions have caused many problems for farmers this year.
A)Extreme
B)Severe
C)Strict
D)Sharp
5.She felt and had to sit down for a rest after running for 30 minutes.
A)faint
B)weak
C)slight
D)soft
6.The boy ran around the playground without stopping for an hour.
A)energetic
B)active
C)dynamic
D)lively
7.Please call meyou arrive at the airport so I can pick you up
A)immediately
B)instantly
C)directly
D)presently
8.The theory_to be correct after many years ofresearch.
A)proved
B)proved out
C)was proved
D)was proven
9.The main_of this machine is to recycle waste materials
A)role
B)function
C)part
D)position
10.A balanced diet provides enough for children's growth.
A)nutrition
B)nourishment
C)vitamin
D)protein
(二)根据提示补全句子(10题)
1.It's hard to keep(concentrate)when there's too much noise around.
2.The(effective)of the new drug will be tested in the next experiment.
3.She looked at me(concern)when I told her about my illness.
4.The team needs to work(energy)to finish the project on time
5.The company took(immediately)action to solve the problem.
6.The machine's_(function)has been improved by the engineers.
7.(nutrition)food is essential for a child's development.
8.He(faint)from hunger after walking for three days without eating.
9.The teacher asked us to(proof)our answers before handing in the paper.
10.The _(extreme)of the situation made everyone feel nervous.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.You need to con your homework if you want to finish it on time.
2.We must take e measures to protect the environment.
3.My parents are always cabout my safety when I go out alone.
4.Skiing and bungee jumping are examples ofe sports.
5.She felt a f pain in her head and had to lie down.
6.The e leader inspired everyone to work harder for the team
7.Please reply to the email i so they can arrange the meeting.
8.The new method pto be more efficient than the old one.
9.This app can f as a dictionary and a translator.
10.A balanced diet should include all necessary n for the body
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:BACA AAAAB A
解析1(第1题):
考查concentrate的固定用法。concentrate on sth.表示,专注于某事”,符合句意”学生应
该专注于学习而不是在课堂上玩手机”;focus o也表示”专注于”,但根据语境和选项,
B更符合题意。
解析2(第2题):
考查effective的用法。be effective in doing sth.表示”在做某事方面有效?”,符合句意”这
项新政策自去年以来在减少空气污染方面一直很有效”;ef伍cient强调”高效”,不符合
语境。
解析3(第3题):
考查concerned的用法。concerned作形容词表示'担心的,忧虑的”,符合句意”所有担
心的父母聚集在学校门口等待他们的孩子”;concerning是介词,表示”关于”。
2.补全句子答案:
1.concentration 2.effectiveness 3.concernedly 4.energetically 5.immediate 6.function 7.
Nutritious 8.fainted 9.prove 10.extremes
3.首字母填空答案:
1.concentrate 2.effective 3.concerned 4.extreme 5.faint 6.energetic 7.immediately 8.
proved 9.function 10.nutrition
英语词汇复习手册·必修第一册·Unit4 Looking good,.feeling good一