Unit 3 Getting along with others 一-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 必修第一册·译林版·Unit3 Gettingalongwithothers 一、 重点单词详解 1:awkward 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的：难对付的；笨拙的 二、构词法与词汇变形 无明显词根，但可联想同源副词awkwardly(笨拙地；尴尬地)，名词awkwardness(尴 尬：笨拙)。 三、常见搭配 ·描述人：an awkward smile(尴尬的微笑)；feel awkward(感到局促不安) ·描述事物：an awkward situation（尴尬的局面)；awkward questions(棘手的问题〉 ·固定搭配：be awkward with sth.（做某事笨拙)；it is awkward to do sth.(做某事很尴尬) 四、重点辨析 awkward vs.embarrassed: awkward侧重客观事物或行为本身”令人尴尬的”或”难处理的： embarrassed侧重人因某事感到”尴尬的”，主语通常是人。 例：She felt embarrassed by his awkward compliment..(他笨拙的赞美让她感到尴尬。) 2:original “、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.起初的；独创的；原作的 、 构词法与词汇变形 词根：origin(n.起源；出身)，由oign+-al（形容词后缀)构成。 词性转换： ·名词：origin(起源)：originality(独创性) ·副词：originally（最初；本来) 三、常见搭配 ·作”起初的：original plan（最初的计划)：original idea(最初想法) ·作独创的：original design(原创设计)；original work(原创作品) ·固定搭配：in the original（原文；原著) 四、重点辨析 original vs.initial: original强调”最早的、未经改变的”或独创的”： initial侧重”开始阶段的”，仅表示时间顺序的”最初”。 例：The initial version was good,but the original idea was better.(初稿不错，但最初的想 法更好。) 3:generous 核心考点 词性：形容词（adj) 核心义：adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的 二、构词法与词汇变形 词根：gener(产生，如generate”产生)，由gener+-ous（形容词后缀，表”充满…的”) 构成。 词性转换： ·名词：generosity(慷慨；宽容) ·副词：generously(慷慨地；宽大地) 三、常见搭配 ·描述人：a generous person(慷慨的人)；be generous to others(对他人宽容) ·描述行为：generous help（慷慨的帮助)：generous gift(丰厚的礼物) ·固定搭配：be generous with sth.（在某方面慷慨) 例：He is generous with his time when helping others.(他帮助别人时从不吝啬时间。) 四、重点辨析 generous vs.kind: generous侧重”物质或情感上的大方”；kind侧重”天性善良、体贴”。 4:efficient 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.效率高的，有功效的 二、构词法与词汇变形 词根：ef（出)+fic(做，如do)+ient（形容词后缀)，字面义”做出成果的”→高效 的。 词性转换： ·名词：efficiency(效率；功效) ·副词：efficiently（高效地) 三、常见搭配 ·描述人/物：an efficient worker(高效的工人)；efficient method(高效方法) ·固定搭配：beef伍icient in sth.(在某方面高效) 例：The new machine is more efficient in saving energy..（新机器在节能方面更高效。) 四、重点辨析 efficient vs.effective: efficient强调”效率高（投入少、产出多）”： effective强调”有效果（能达到预期目的）”。 例：An efficient plan saves time;:an effective plan solves the problem.(高效的计划省时，有 效的计划解决问题。) 5:respect 核心考点 词性：动词(t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vt.尊重，尊敬；n.尊敬，敬意：重视 构词法与词汇变形 词根：spect(看，如inspect'”检查”)，1e-（再，重复)+spect→”反复看”→重视→尊 重。 词性转换： ·形容词：respectful(恭敬的，表主动)；respected(受尊敬的，表被动) ·副词：respectfully(恭敬地) 三、常见搭配 ·作动词：respect sb.for sth.(因某事尊重某人) 例：We respect him for his honesty.(我们因他的诚实而尊重他。) ·作名词：show respect for sb.(对某人表示尊敬)；out of respect(出于尊敬) ·固定短语：with respect to(关于；就…而言) 四、重点辨析 respectful vs.respectable: respectful指”对他人恭敬的”（主动）； respectable指”值得尊敬的”（被动，形容人或事物”体面的）。 例：He is a respectable teacher,and students are respectful to him.（他是位值得尊敬的老师， 学生们对他很恭敬。) 6:basis 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.(pl.bases)基础；原因；基准 二、构词法与词汇变形 词根：base(n.基础：v.以…为基础)，由base+-is(名词后缀)构成，复数形式为bases (/'besi:z/)。 词性转换： ·动词：base(以…为基础，base A on B”把A建立在B上) ·形容词：basic(基本的) 三、常见搭配 ·固定短语：on the basis of(根据；基于) 例：We make decisions on the basis of facts.(我们基于事实做决定。) ·作”基础”：the basis of friendship（友谊的基础) ·作”基准：daily basis(日常基准) 四、用法提示 注意与base的区别：base多指具体的”基地、基础？（如military base军事基地）；basis 指抽象的”基础、原则”。 7:contact 一、核心考点 词性：动词(t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vt.&n.联系，联络 二、构词法与词汇变形 词根：tact(接触，如intact'”未接触的→完整的”)，con-（一起)+tact→”一起接触”→ 联系。 词性转换： 无其他词性，可作动词或名词。 三、常见搭配 ·作动词：contact sb.(联系某人)：contact with sth.（与某物接触) 例：Please contact me by email.(请通过邮件联系我。) ·作名词：make contact with（与…取得联系)；lose contact with(与…失去联系) ·固定搭配：in contact with（与…保持联系) 四、用法提示 contact作动词时为及物动词，直接接宾语，无需加with;作名词时可加with。 误：contact with him→正：contact him/make contact with him 8:explode 一、核心考点 词性：动词(i.、vt.) 核心义：vⅵ.（愤怒等感情）爆发，迸发；爆炸；t使爆炸 二、构词法与词汇变形 词根：plode(爆裂，如implode”内爆)，ex-(向外)+plode→”向外爆裂”→爆炸。 词性转换： ·名词：explosion(爆炸；爆发)：explosive(炸药；adj.易爆的) 三、常见搭配 ·作爆炸”：The bomb exploded.(炸弹爆炸了。) ·作”感情爆发”：explode with anger(勃然大怒)；explode into laughter(突然大笑) ·作及物动词：explode a myth(戳穿谣言) 四、重点辨析 explode vs.burst: explode强调”剧烈爆炸”，常指火药、炸弹等； bmt侧重”内部压力导致破裂”，如气球、水管爆裂，或”突然爆发”（笑声、哭声)。 例：The balloon burst,and the firework exploded.(气球爆了，烟花也炸了。) 9:shallow 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The meeting ended in an_silence after the controversial topic was brought up. A)awkward B)embarrassed C)original D)generous 2.Thedesign of the building won the international architecture award. A)initial B)original C)basic D)efficient 3.My neighbor is always_with his help whenever we face difficulties. A)generous B)kind C)respectful D)shallow 4.The new software makes data processing more_than the old version. A)effective B)efficient C)generous D)original 5.Students shouldtheir teachers for their hard work and dedication. A)respect B)contact C)explode D)base 6.We make decisions_the basis of scientific research and practical experience. A)in B)on C)with D)for 7.If you have any questions,please_the customer service department immediately. A)contact with B)make contact C)contact D)in contact with 8.The crowd into cheers when the team scored the winning goal. A)burst B)exploded C)contacted D)respected 9.His knowledge of the subject made it hard to have a deep discussion with him. A)shallow B)awkward C)initial D)efficient 10.The_idea of the project was proposed by a group of young engineers. A)initial B)original C)basic D)respectable (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.She smiled_(awkward)when she realized she had mispronounced the word. 2.The(origin)of this tradition can be traced back to the 16th century 3.His(generous)in donating money to charity has inspired many people. 4.We need to work more(efficient)to meet the deadline. 5.The teacher was_(respect)by all students for her patience and wisdom. 6.The team makes decisions_(basis)on thorough market research 7.They(contact)us as soon as they arrived at the destination. 8.The(explode)of the volcano caused widespread damage to nearby villages. 9.The_(original)of the painting was confirmed by art experts. 10.He spoke_(respectful)to the elderly,holding the door open for them. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.It's a_to ask someone about their salary in many cultures. 2.The company's ogoal was to provide affordable healthcare for all 3.The millionaire was genough to donate half of his wealth to charity. 4.An eworker can finish twice the work in the same amount of time. 5.We should show r for people from different cultural backgrounds. 6.The theory is built on the bof years of experimental data. 7.I lost c_with my childhood friend after she moved abroad. 8.The audience ewith laughter at the comedian's funny story. 9.A sunderstanding of a problem often leads to incorrect solutions. 10.The artist's works are known for their o_style and creative themes. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B A B A B CB A B 解析1（第1题）： 考查awkward的用法。awkward表示”令人尴尬的”，符合句意？有争议的话题提出后， 会议在尴尬的沉默中结束”；embarrassed表示”感到尴尬的”，主语通常是人，不符合语 境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查original的用法。original表示”独创的”，符合句意”这座建筑的独创性设计赢得了 国际建筑奖’；initial表示”最初的”，basic表示”基本的”，efficient表示”高效的”，均 不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第7题）： 考查contact的用法。contact作动词时为及物动词，直接接宾语，无需加with,符合句 意”如果你有任何问题，请立即联系客服部门”；contact with是错误用法，故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.awkwardly 2.origin 3.generosity 4.efficiently 5.respected 6.based 7.contacted 8.ex- plosion 9.authenticity 10.respectfully 3.首字母填空答案： 1.awkward 2.original 3.generous 4.efficient 5.respect 6.basis 7.contact 8.exploded 9. shallow 10.original 英语词汇复习手册·必修第一册·Unit3 Getting along with others一